GB2333680A - Electric toaster elements - Google Patents
Electric toaster elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2333680A GB2333680A GB9801243A GB9801243A GB2333680A GB 2333680 A GB2333680 A GB 2333680A GB 9801243 A GB9801243 A GB 9801243A GB 9801243 A GB9801243 A GB 9801243A GB 2333680 A GB2333680 A GB 2333680A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- toaster according
- glass
- fabric
- toaster
- insulation material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012772 electrical insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
- A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
- A47J37/08—Bread-toasters
- A47J37/0807—Bread-toasters with radiating heaters and reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
An electric toaster comprises a housing (1) having at least one slot (2) for receiving at least one food item to be toasted. At least two radiant electric heating means (4A, 4B) are disposed in facing spaced relationship in the housing with the at least one slot (2) therebetween, each radiant electric heating means comprising at least one heating element (7) disposed on or adjacent to a layer (6) of microporous thermal insulation material.
Description
Electric Toaster
This invention relates to electric toasters.
Electric toasters are well know which comprise a housing having at least one slot for receiving at least one food item, such as bread, to be toasted. Radiant electric heating means are disposed in facing spaced relationship in the housing with the slot therebetween. Such radiant electric heating means commonly comprise a sheet-like support of electrically insulating material, such as mica, on which is wound, woven, or othenvise secured, a wire or narrow ribbon form heating element. while such heating means are relatively inexpensive to manufacture, they suffer from disadvantages in that they heat up slowly and also emit substantial thermal radiation in a direction opposite to that of the food item being toasted.
Such radiation is inefficient and may also result in heating up of the housing itself to the extent that the housing may become dangerously hot to touch, particularly when comprising metal.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or minimise these disadvantages.
The present invention provides an electric toaster comprising: a housing having at least one slot for receiving at least one food item to be toasted; at least two radiant electric heating means disposed in facing spaced relationship in the housing with the at least one slot therebetween, each radiant electric heating means comprising at least one heating element disposed on or adjacent to a layer of microporous thermal insulation material.
The microporous thermal insulation material may incorporate an infra-red radiation-reflective opacifier material.
The microporous thermal insulation material may be provided in a support, such as a dish or frame, which may comprise a metal.
The at least one heating element may be of ribbon form and may be of corrugated ribbon fonn.
The ribbon form at least one heating element may be secured edgewise to the layer of microporous thermal insulation material by partial embedment therein.
At least one of the radiant heating means may be provided for location in a central region of the housing and comprising heating elements disposed on or adjacent to opposite faces of a layer of the microporous thermal insulation material. Such layer of the microporous insulation material may suitably be supported in a frame.
Each radiant electric heating means may be provided with at least one protective covering sheet selected to have required high temperature withstanding property and to allow adequate transmission of thermal radiation for effecting toasting.
The at least one covering sheet may comprise mica. particularly at least partly transparent mica.
Alternatively, the at least one covering sheet may comprise an apertured metal or ceramic material.
Alternatively, the at least one covering sheet may comprise a fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic and/or metal filaments.
The fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic filaments may be of woven, knitted or mat form.
The fabric comprising metal filaments may be of woven form.
The glass filaments in the fabric may be selected from E glass, C glass, R glass and S glass, and modifications thereof.
The ceramic filaments in the fabric may be selected from aluminosilicate, aluminoborosilicate and zirconia materials.
The weight per unit area of the fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic filaments mas be not greater than 1 kg/m2
The weight per unit area of the fabric comprising glass filaments may be preferably from 50 to 300 g/m2 The metal filaments in the fabric may comprise a stainless steel.
The toaster of the invention provides rapid heat-up of the heating elements therein with efficient radiation towards the food item or items being toasted as a result of the use of the microporous insulation material. The microporous insulation material also minimises thermal radiation in a direction opposite to that of the item or items being toasted, resulting in a cool exterior of the housing, even when this is of metal.
The invention is now described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1A and 1B are sectional views of an electric toaster according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of radiant heating means for use in the toaster of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heating means of Figure 2; and
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of radiant heating means for use in a central location in the toaster of Figure 1.
Referring to Figures 1A and 1B, an electric toaster comprises a housing 1 of metal or plastics material of well knows form of construction having slots 2 in the top thereof for receiving one or more food items (not shown), such as bread, to be toasted.
The housing overlies a base 3, which supports standard mechanisms for receiving and holding the food items and ejecting them from the toaster after being toasted. Such mechanisms do not form part of the present invention and, apart from carriage means 30, are omitted from the drawings to aid simplicity.
Radiant electric heating means 4A, 4B are secured in the housing I on the base 3 such that the heating means face each other with the slots 2 therebeaveen. Two heating means 4A are provided at opposite sides of the housing 1, with a heating means 4B in a central region of the housing spaced therefrom by the slots 2. Details of the construction of the heating means are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the heating means 4A each comprise a metal support dish 5 provided with a base layer 6 of compacted microporous thermal and electrical insulation material.
The term 'microporous' is used herein to identify porous or cellular materials in which the ultimate size of the cells or voids is less than the mean free path of an air molecule at NTP, i.e. of the order of 100 nm or smaller. A material which is microporous in this sense will exhibit very low transfer of heat by air conduction (that is, due to collisions between air molecules).
Such microporous materials include aerogel, which is a gel in which the liquid phase has been replaced by a gaseous phase in such a way as to avoid the shrinkage which would occur if the gel were dried directly from a liquid. A substantially identical structure can be obtained by controlled precipitation from solution, the temperature and pH being controlled during precipitation to obtain an open lattice precipitate. Other equivalent open lattice structures include pyrogenic (fumed) and electro-thermal types in which a substantial proportion of the particles have an ultimate size less than 100 nm. Any of these materials, based, for example on silica, alumina, other metal oxides, or carbon, may be used to prepare a composition which is microporous as defined above.
Optionally a binder may be added to provide increased strength, in which case a heat treatment may be necessary in order to cure the binder.
A knonvn form of high performance microporous thermal insulation material comprises microporous silica particles compacted to consolidate the material into a handleable form, and topically includes ceramic fibre or glass filament reinforcement and an opacifier, such as rutile, which improves infra-red radiation reflective properties of the material.
Examples of microporous insulation materials are to be found, for example, in GB-A-1580909 and EP-A-0560479.
A radiant electric heating element 7 is provided secured to the base layer 6 of microporous insulation material. The heating element 7 comprises a corrugated metal ribbon mounted edgewise on the base layer 6 and secured by partial embedding in the base layer 6.
A terminal block 8 for the heating element is mounted on the heating means and allows the heating means to be connected to a voltage supply for operation.
A peripheral wall 9 of thermal insulation material is provided in the heating means. As shown, this wall is of microporous insulation material and integral with the base layer 6. However it could be provided as a separate member
In order to ininimise risk of contact with internal components of the heating means by particulate materials and to at least reduce ingress of vapours during operation, at least one protective covering sheet 10 is optionally provided, selected to have required high temperature withstanding property and to allow adequate transmission of thermal radiation for effecting toasting. The covering sheet 10 may be arranged to overlie the top surface of the peripheral wall 9 and be secured thereto if desired.
Various materials may be selected for the covering sheet 10. It may comprise mica. particularly at least partly transparent mica.
Alternatively the covering sheet 10 may comprise an apertured, for example perforated, metal or ceramic material.
As a further altemative, the covering sheet 10 may comprise a fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic and/or metal filaments. Such a fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic filaments mas be of woven, knitted or mat form.
The fabric comprising metal filaments may be of woven form and man, for example, comprise a stainless steel. The metal filaments may have a diameter down to about 25 microns.
A fabric with glass and/or ceramic filaments should have a weight per unit area not greater than 1 kg/m2 A fabric with glass filaments has a preferred weight per unit area between about 50 and about 300 g/m2
Examples of ceramic filament fabric materials are aluminosilicate materials (such as materials supplied by Carborundum Co. Ltd having the trade names Fibertex and Fibersil) and aluminoborosilicate materials (such as a material supplied b 3M Co. having the trade name
Nextel).
A fabric comprising zirconia ceramic filaments is also suitable for this application, such a fabric being available from Zircar Products Inc.
A fabric may also be used comprising filaments of E-glass, C-glass, R-glass, or S-glass, or modifications thereof. For example, E-glass filaments having boron oxide replaced by magnesium oxide is available from OCF Corporation under the trade name Advantex.
The heating means 4B, provided in the central region of the housing 1 is illustrated in Figure 4 and differs from the heating means 4A in the following respects. As shown in Figure 4, the microporous thermal insulation 6A is supported in a metal frame 5A with both opposite faces of the insulation material exposed. This is compared with the arrangement of heating means 4A in Figures 2 and 3 where the insulation 6 is provided in a metal support dish 5 with one face of the insulation exposed. As shown in Figure 4, a heating element 7 is provided on each face of the insulation material 6A, each heating element 7 being the same as the corresponding heating element 7 of each heating means 4A as shown in Figures 2 and 3. A pair of terminal blocks 8A and 8B serve for connection of the tsvo heating elements to a voltage supply and peripheral walls 9 and protective covering sheets I 0A and 1 0B are provided in the same way and of the same construction as the wall 9 and covering sheet 10 provided for the two heating means 4A and described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
When the toaster is energised, the heating elements 7 heat up to radiant temperatures ver) rapidly and provide ven efficient radiation towards the food item or items being toasted. The microporous insulation material serves as a reflector of radiation. It also minimises thermal radiation in a direction opposite to that of the food item or items being toasted. resulting in a cool exterior of the housing 1, even when this is of metal. In this regard, the peripheral wall 9. particularly when of microporous insulation material, assists in maintaining the top surface of the housing 1 at a low temperature.
Claims (24)
- Claims 1. An electric toaster comprising: a housing having at least one slot for receiving at least one food item to be toasted; at least two radiant electric heating means disposed in facing spaced relationship in the housing with the at least one slot therebetween, each radiant electric heating means comprising at least one heating element disposed on or adjacent to a layer of microporous thermal insulation material.
- 2. A toaster according to claim 1, in which the microporous thermal insulation material incorporates an infra-red radiation-reflective opacifier material.
- 3. A toaster according to claim 1 or 2, in which the microporous thermal insulation material is provided in a support.
- 4. A toaster according to claim 3, in which the support comprises a dish or frame.
- 5. A toaster according to claim 4, in which the dish or frame comprises a metal.
- 6. A toaster according to any preceding claim, in which the at least one heating element is of ribbon form.
- 7. A toaster according to claim 6 in which the ribbon fonn at least one heating element is corrugated.
- 8. A toaster according to claim 6 or 7 in which the ribbon form at least one heating element is supported on edge on the layer of microporous thermal insulation material.
- 9. A toaster according to claim 8, in which the ribbon form at least one heating element is secured edgewise to the layer of microporous thermal insulation material by partial embedment therein.
- 10. A toaster according to any preceding claim, in which at least one of the radiant heating means is provided for location in a central region of the housing and comprising heating elements disposed on or adjacent to opposite faces of a layer of the microporous thermal insulation material.
- 11. A toaster according to claim 10, in which the laxer of the microporous insulation material is supported in a frame.
- 12. A toaster according to any preceding claim, in which each radiant electric heating means is provided with at least one protective covering sheet selected to have required high temperature withstanding property and to allow adequate transmission of thermal radiation for effecting toasting.
- 13. A toaster according to claim 12. in which the at least one covering sheet comprises mica.
- 14. A toaster according to claim 13, in which the mica is at least partly transparent mica.
- 15. A toaster according to claim 12, in which the at least one covering sheet comprises an apertured metal or ceramic material.
- 16. A toaster according to claim 12, in which the at least one covering sheet comprises a fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic and/or metal filaments.
- 17. A toaster according to claim 16, in which the fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic filaments is of woven, knitted or mat form.
- 18. A toaster according to claim 16, in which the fabric comprising metal filaments is of woven form.
- 19. A toaster according to claim 16 or 17, in which the glass filaments in the fabric are selected from E glass, C glass, R glass and S glass, and modifications thereof.
- 20. A toaster according to claim 16 or 17, in which the ceramic filaments in the fabric are selected from aluminosilicate. aluminoborosilicate and zirconia materials.
- 21. A toaster according to any of claims 16, 17, 19 or 20, in which the weight per unit area of the fabric comprising glass and/or ceramic filaments is not greater than 1 kg/m2.
- 22. A toaster according to claim 21. in which the weight per unit area of the fabric comprising glass filaments is from 50 to 300 g/m2
- 23. A toaster according to claim 16 or 18, in which the metal filaments in the fabric comprise a stainless steel.
- 24. An electric toaster constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9801243A GB2333680B (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1998-01-22 | Electric toaster |
DE29900776U DE29900776U1 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-18 | Electric toaster |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9801243A GB2333680B (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1998-01-22 | Electric toaster |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9801243D0 GB9801243D0 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
GB2333680A true GB2333680A (en) | 1999-07-28 |
GB2333680B GB2333680B (en) | 2002-04-17 |
Family
ID=10825631
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB9801243A Expired - Fee Related GB2333680B (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1998-01-22 | Electric toaster |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE29900776U1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2333680B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10005542A1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-09 | Bsh Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Household bread toasters |
DE102005006349A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-24 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Toaster |
GB2515075B (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2018-07-11 | Kenwood Ltd | Improved electric toaster |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0035280A2 (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1981-09-09 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG | Thermal insulation device for a heating source |
GB2167288A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-05-29 | Teneret Ltd | Heating appliance |
EP0623567A1 (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1994-11-09 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH | Process for preparing microporous bodies with thermal insulating properties |
-
1998
- 1998-01-22 GB GB9801243A patent/GB2333680B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-01-18 DE DE29900776U patent/DE29900776U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0035280A2 (en) * | 1980-03-05 | 1981-09-09 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG | Thermal insulation device for a heating source |
GB2167288A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-05-29 | Teneret Ltd | Heating appliance |
EP0623567A1 (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1994-11-09 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH | Process for preparing microporous bodies with thermal insulating properties |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2333680B (en) | 2002-04-17 |
DE29900776U1 (en) | 1999-05-12 |
GB9801243D0 (en) | 1998-03-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20060122 |