GB2311084A - Polycrystalline diamond cutter coated in a refractory material - Google Patents
Polycrystalline diamond cutter coated in a refractory material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2311084A GB2311084A GB9705094A GB9705094A GB2311084A GB 2311084 A GB2311084 A GB 2311084A GB 9705094 A GB9705094 A GB 9705094A GB 9705094 A GB9705094 A GB 9705094A GB 2311084 A GB2311084 A GB 2311084A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- polycrystalline diamond
- coating
- recited
- layer
- pcd
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010283 detonation spraying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 TiCN or TiAlCN Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
A cutter comprising a hard metal matrix body 12 onto which is sintered a polycrystalline diamond PCD layer 16, has a coating of refractory material 18 applied to the cutting surface of the PCD layer to increase the operational life of the cutter. The coating can cover the whole PCD surface including edges 17, or only part of the surface. The coating typically has a thickness in the range from 0.1~m to 30~m and may be made from titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium aluminium carbonitride, titanium aluminum nitride, boron carbide, zirconium carbide, chromium carbide, chromium nitride, or any of the transition metal or group IV metals combined with either silicon, aluminium, boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen. The coating can be applied using conventional plating or other physical or chemical deposition techniques.
Description
SVRFACE ENHANCED POLYCRYSTALL INE DIAMOND COMPOSITE CUTTERS
The present invention relates to polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutters used in drag bits for drilling bore holes in earth formations. More specifically, the present invention relates to coatings of refractory materials which are applied to the PCD or PCBN surface of the cutter to enhance the cutter's operating life. The invention is also applicable to other cutters having a hard surface similar to diamond. For descriptive simplification, reference is made herein to PCD cutters. However, PCD as used herein specifically refers to PCD or PCBN as well as any other material which is similar to diamond.
PCD cutters are well known in the art. They have a cemented tungsten carbide body and are typically cylindrical in shape. The cutting surface of the cutter is formed by sintering a PCD layer to a face of the cutter. The PCD layer serves as the cutting surface of the cutter. The cutters are inserted in a drag bit body which is rotated at the end of a drill string in an oil well or the like for engaging the rock formation and drilling the well.
Typically, the cutter makes contact with a rock formation at an angle and as the bit rotates, the PCD cutting layer makes contact and cuts away at the earth formation. This contact causes surface abrasive and thermal wear leading to the erosion or breakage of the PCD surface resulting in the eventual failure of the cutter.
Moreover, during drilling the PCD surface is exposed to an environment which corrodes and wears away the cobalt phase of the PCD. This wear is commonly referred to as chemical wear. As the cobalt phase of the PCD corrodes and wears away, the PCD surface becomes very brittle, and breaks, leading to cutter failure. When multiple cutters fail, the drilling operation is ceased, the bit is removed from the bore hole, and the bit is replaced. This stoppage in operation adds to the cost of drilling.
Accordingly, there is a need for PCD cutters with increased PCD wear, erosion and impact resistance, as well as cobalt phase corrosion resistance. Such cutters will have enhanced useful lives resulting in higher rate of penetration, longer bit life, less frequent bit changes and in fewer drilling operation stoppages for replacing a bit having failed cutters.
A polycrystalline diamond or a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride drag bit cutter has a coating of refractory material applied to the PCD surface for enhancing the operational life of the PCD cutter. A coating having typically a thickness within the range of from 0.1 to 30
Am is applied to the PCD cutting surface. Typical coatings comprise titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium aluminum carbonitride, titanium aluminum nitride, boron carbide, chromium carbide, chromium nitride, zirconium carbide, or any of the transition metals or Group IV metals combined with either silicon, aluminum, carbon, boron, nitrogen or oxygen. The coating can be applied using conventional plating techniques, or a chemical vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition techniques, plasma vapor deposition, sputtering, vacuum deposition, arc process or a high velocity spray process. Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a PCD cutter with a coating of refractory material applied over the PCD layer.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the
PCD cutter depicted in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary insert for a rolling cone rock bit enhanced with a layer of polycrystalline diamond and coated with a thin layer of a refractory material.
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a drag bit with some installed PCD cutters coated with a refractory material.
In reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutter is formed having an enhanced operational life for use in drag bits. As described above, PCD as used herein specifically refers to PCD or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) as well as any other material which is similar to diamond.
A typical drag bit body, shown in FIG. 4, has a plurality of openings 42 formed on faces 44 to accept a plurality of PCD cutters 10. The bit body is fabricated from either steel or a hard metal "matrix" material. The matrix material is typically a composite of macrocrystalline or cast tungsten carbide infiltrated with a copper base binder alloy. Exemplary PCD cutters have a generally cylindrical carbide body 12 having a cutting face 14 (FIGS. 1 and 2). A PCD layer 16 is sintered on the cutting face of the cutter in a conventional manner.
The PCD layer 16 shown in FIG. 2 has square edges 17.
However, some PCD layers may have bevelled edges. The PCD layer forms the cutting surface of the PCD cutter, i.e., the surface that comes in contact with the earth formation or rock and cuts away at it. With use, the PCD erodes or chips due to impact and contact with the earth formations.
To prolong the life of these cutters, a coating 18 of refractory material is applied to the PCD surface. It should be apparent that the layer illustrated in FIG. 2 is exaggerated in thickness for purposes of illustration and in practice is extremely thin. For some operations, the coating need only be applied to the PCD surfaces that would come in contact with the earth formations. It may be sufficient, for example, to apply the coating only to the front face of the PCD layer, or maybe only to a portion of the face and the edges of the PCD layer.
However, it may be easier to apply the coating to all of the exposed PCD surfaces as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. When a cutter has a beveled or chamfered edge, the beveled edge is also coated. The coatings render lubricity and luster to the PCD surface.
Typical coatings which may be used are made from titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), titanium aluminum carbonitride (TiAlCN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), boron carbide (B4C), chromium nitride, (CrN), chromium carbide (CrC), zirconium carbide (ZrC) or any of the transition metals or Group IV metals combined with silicon, aluminum, boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen forming a silicide, aluminide, boride, carbide, nitride, boride, oxide or carbonitride of a metal.
Many of these compounds, such as TiCN or TiAlCN, are not stoichiometric compounds. For example, TiCN is essentially part of a continuum of compositions ranging from titanium carbide to titanium nitride. Similarly, the proportion of aluminum in TiAlCN may vary all the way to zero. Also, these compounds may be substoichiometric, for example, having excess metal below the stoichiometric amount.
The coating may be made with more than one material.
For example, it appears that a desirable coating may have a first layer of titanium nitride and a second overlying layer of titanium carbonitride.
Aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and other refractory oxides may also be used as coatings for the PCD surface. Oxygen bonds to diamond surfaces for good adhesion of such materials. Generally, carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides are preferred for the coating.
Such materials have an affinity for the diamond surface and adhere well.
For better adhesion of the coating to the PCD surface, the PCD surface may be pretreated. For example, this can be accomplished by selective etching of the metallic phase of the PCD surface, or by treating the surface with reactive metal, which can be accomplished using laser sputtering, or by ion bombardment or plasma etching the surface.
The coating can be applied using conventional electrolytic or electroless plating techniques, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), physical vapor deposition, plasma vapor deposition (PVD), sputtering, vacuum deposition, arc spraying process or a high velocity detonation spray process such as the process employed by the Super D-Gun.
For example, an electron beam vacuum deposition process such as used by Balzers Tool Coating, Inc., in Rock Hill,
South Carolina is sufficient for applying a titanium nitride coating to the PCD surface. In such a process, the PCD is heated to a temperature of about 4500C during deposition of the coating.
In cases where the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the coating and the PCD surface is significant to cause thermal cracking of the coating, it may be desirable to apply an intermediate layer or a plurality of intermediate layers on the PCD surface having a coefficient of thermal expansion that lies between the coefficients of the PCD surface and the coating. As a result, a gradual variation in the coefficients is achieved from the PCD surface to the outermost coating, reducing the magnitude of the thermal stress build-up on the coating.
Alternatively, the coating may be applied such its coefficient of thermal expansion varies through its thickness. This can be accomplished by gradually changing the composition of the coating through its thickness during the coating application. For example, applying a
TiC coating on the PCD surface and then gradually increasing the amount of nitrogen during the coating build-up, forming TiCN and eventually TiN. The TiC coefficient of thermal expansion does not differ significantly from that of the PCD layer. Another example comprises a gradual change of the coating composition from
SiC to SiN.
The coating on the PCD surface may be applied after manufacturing the cutter or may be applied after a cutter is mounted in a drag bit. In the latter technique, such a coating may be applied over the surrounding steel or other material of the bit body as well as the cutting surface of the PCD. Coating the cutters after mounting in the bit body avoids the difficulties of brazing the cutters in place without damaging their thin coatings.
Preferably, the coating is applied only to the cutting face of inserts to be brazed into a bit body to avoid interference of the brazing by the coating which may not be wetted by some braze alloys. If the coating is applied prior to the brazing of the insert to the bit body, a protective refractory paint or "stop-off" may be applied over the coating. An exemplary paint is ceramic paint. These paints provide protection to the coating against the braze and oxidation due to the brazing process as well as prevent impact and the formation of local hot spots during the brazing process. After brazing, these paints can be easily removed, or they can be left on the coatings where they will be removed during the drilling process as the cutting surface engages the earth formations.
If the coating is applied prior to brazing, it is recommended that a coating such as B4C, CrN or TiAlN is used because of its thermal stability at brazing temperatures.
Preliminary testing has shown that coatings having a thickness of 2 m or less are sufficient. However, coatings having a total thickness ranging from about 0.1 to 30 Zm can also be used. Preferably, coatings having a thickness up to about 6 m are used. Reduction of balling of the cut earth formations and thermal wear on the cutter can be achieved by reducing the coefficient of friction or by decreasing the roughness of the coating. This can be accomplished by lapping the coating to a finish of 0.5 Zm RMS or less. This type of finish typically requires that approximately 1 to 3 ym of material is lapped off.
Lowered coefficient of friction lowers the sliding force of rock particles across the face of the cutter, thereby reducing cutting forces and surface heating. Reduced localized heating during use of the cutter may prevent localized heating, thermal cracking and delamination.
Two tests are typically used to ascertain the life of a PCD cutter. One of these tests is the milling impact test. In this test, a 1/2 inch (13 mm) diameter circular cutting disk is mounted on a fly cutter for machining a face of a block of Barre granite. The fly cutter rotates about an axis perpendicular to the face of the granite block and travels along the length of the block so as to make a scarfing cut in one portion of the revolution of the fly cutter. This is a severe test since the cutting disk leaves the surface being cut as the fly cutter rotates and then encounters the cutting surface again during each revolution.
In an exemplary test, the fly cutter is rotated at 2800 RPM. The cutting speed is 1100 surface feet per minute (335 MPM). The travel of the fly cutter along the length of the scarfing cut is at a rate of 50 inch per minute (1.27 MPM). The depth of the cut, i.e., the depth perpendicular to the direction of travel, is 0.1 inch (2.54 mm). The cutting path, i.e., offset of the cutting disk from the axis of the fly cutter is 1.5 inch (3.8 cm).
The cutter has a back rake angle of 100.
With this test, a measurement is made of how many inches of the granite block is cut prior to failure of the cutter. A cutter without a coating was tested and cut 83 inches (210 cm) prior to failing. Three similar cutters had their PCD surfaces coated with 2 zm of TiN and were tested. Each of the coated cutters cut approximately 95 inches (241 cm) of the granite block prior to failing, an increase of about 15%, indicating increased fracture toughness or breakage resistance of the coated cutter.
Another test that is used to assess the life of the cutter is the granite log abrasion test which involves machining the surface of a rotating cylinder of Barre granite. In an exemplary test, the log is rotated at an average of 630 surface feet per minute (192 MPM) past a 1/2 inch (1.3 mm) diameter cutting disk. There is an average depth of cut of 0.02 inch (0.5 mm) and an average removal rate of 0.023 inch3/second (0.377 cm3/second) The cutting tool has a back rake angle of 150.
To assess the cutter, one determines a wear ratio of the volume of log removed relative to the volume of cutting tool removed. While the coated cutters have not been tested using the log abrasion test, it is expected that these tests will reveal similarly improved cutter wear resistance with the coated PCD cutters.
Improved toughness of a carbide body with a PCD layer and a coating of refractory material is also desirable for inserts for conventional rolling cone rock bits. Such an insert is illustrated in longitudinal cross section in
FIG. 3. The insert comprises a cylindrical body 21 of cemented tungsten carbide. One end of the body is hemispherical or may have other convex shapes such as a cone, chisel or the like conventionally used in rock bits.
The convex end of the body has a layer 22 of polycrystalline diamond applied by conventional high pressure, high temperature processing. After the diamond layer is applied, a thin layer 23 of refractory material is applied over the PCD.
Such an insert is mounted in one of the cones of a rock bit and engages the rock formation as the cone rotates. Many of the inserts on a rock bit cone are subjected to significant impact loading and increased toughness is desirable. Such a coated enhanced insert is also useful in a rotary percussion bit where very large impact loads are common.
Although at the present time, the exact reasons are not known as to why coating the cutting surface with a coating of refractory material improves cutter life, several potential theories exist. It should be noted that the coating material is softer than the underlying diamond and, thus, hardness alone cannot explain the improvements.
These theories are as follows.
1. There is a chemical interaction between the coating and the PCD surface resulting in an increased fracture toughness of the PCD cutting surface.
2. The coating acts as an impact absorption and transmitting media enhancing the fracture toughness and impact resistance of the PCD surface.
3. An intermediate layer is formed due to an interaction between the coating and the PCD layer.
4. The coating has a mechanical effect, i.e., it distributes the load over a wider area on the cutting surface, however, due to the thinness of the coating, this theory is not favored.
5. The coating reduces the friction on the cutting surface, thereby allowing for easier sliding of the rock chips away from the cutting surface and, thus, reducing balling.
6. The coating increases the corrosion resistance of the cobalt phase in the PCD, thus increasing the PCD resistance to chemical wear.
7. A thermal coefficient mismatch between the coating and the PCD surface produces a residual compressive stress, or in the alternative reduces the residual tensile stress, on the PCD surface, thus increasing the tensile strength of the PCD surface.
While any of these theories is plausible, it is also believed that the coating alters the chemical interaction between the mud/rock and the PCD layer resulting in the prolonged life of the PCD surface.
It is also anticipated that coating the surface of a cubic boron nitride cutter with a refractory material may improve its resistance to breakage.
Although this invention has been described in certain specific embodiments, many additional modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
It is, therefore, understood that within the scope of the appended claims, this invention may be practiced otherwise than specifically described.
Claims (41)
1. A polycrystalline diamond cutter comprising:
a cemented metal carbide body having a face;
a polycrystalline diamond layer on the body face wherein at least part of the polycrystalline diamond layer is used to engage earth formations; and
a coating of a refractory material covering at least the part of the polycrystalline diamond face used to engage earth formations.
2. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating is only applied to a face of the polycrystalline diamond layer.
3. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1 wherein the coating is selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium aluminum carbonitride, titanium aluminum nitride, boron carbide, chromium carbide, chromium nitride, zirconium carbide and any of the transition metals or Group IV metals combined with either silicon, aluminum, boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen.
4. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a Group IV element combined with an element selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, B, C, N and 0.
5. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating comprises a silicide, aluminide, boride, carbide, nitride, boride, oxide or carbonitride of a metal.
6. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1 wherein the coating is selected from the group consisting of boron carbide, titanium nitride and titanium carbonitride.
7. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating has a thickness in the range of from about 0.1 to 30 ym.
8. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating has a thickness of about 2 ym.
9. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1 further comprising an intermediate layer between the coating and the polycrystalline diamond.
10. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 9 wherein intermediate layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion between the coefficients of expansion of the PCD layer and the coating.
11. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1 wherein the coating has a composition that varies through its thickness for varying its coefficient of thermal expansion wherein the composition of the coating closest to the PCD layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion closest to that of the PCD layer.
12. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1 wherein the coating has a surface finish of 0.5 ym RMS or less.
13. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1 further comprising a layer of refractory paint on top of the coating.
14. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is applied in a high temperature, high pressure process and wherein the coating is applied to the face after the high temperature, high pressure process.
15. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating is applied to the face by a process selected from the group consisting of electrolytic or electroless plating, chemical vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, plasma vapor deposition, sputtering, vacuum deposition, arc spraying and high velocity detonation spraying.
16. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating is applied to the face by an electron beam vacuum deposition process
17. A polycrystalline diamond cutter comprising:
a carbide body having a face; and
a cutting surface comprising;
a layer of polycrystalline diamond bonded to the body face; and
a coating on at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond layer wherein the fracture toughness of the coating in combination with the polycrystalline diamond layer is greater than the fracture toughness of the polycrystalline diamond layer.
18. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 17 wherein the coating is comprises a refractory material.
19. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 17 wherein the coating comprises a plurality of refractory material layers.
20. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 17 wherein the coating has a thickness of within the range of from about 0.1 to 30 Zm.
21. A polycrystalline diamond cutter comprising:
a cemented metal carbide body having a face;
a polycrystalline diamond layer having a cobalt phase, the polycrystalline diamond layer fixed on the body face wherein at least part of the polycrystalline diamond layer is used to engage earth formations; and
a corrosion resistant coating on the PCD surface for protecting the cobalt phase of the PCD from corrosive environments, increasing the chemical wear of the PCD surface.
22. A polycrystalline diamond cutter comprising:
a cemented metal carbide body having a face;
a polycrystalline diamond layer on the body face wherein at least part of the polycrystalline diamond layer is used to engage earth formations; and
a coating on the PCD surface, the coating producing a compressive residual stress on the PCD surface.
23. A polycrystalline diamond cutter as recited in claim 22 wherein the PCD surface has a residual tensile stress and wherein the coating reduces the magnitude of the residual tensile stress.
24. A method for enhancing the life of a PCD cutter having a polycrystalline diamond surface, a portion of which is used for engaging earth formations comprising the step of interposing a coating of refractory material between the polycrystalline diamond surface and such an earth formation.
25. A method as recited in claim 24 wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is applied in a high temperature, high pressure process comprising the step of applying the coating to the surface after the high temperature, high pressure process.
26. A method as recited in claim 24 wherein the applying step comprises applying the coating by a process selected from the group consisting of electrolytic or electroless plating, chemical vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, plasma vapor deposition, sputtering, vacuum deposition, arc spraying and high velocity detonation spraying.
27. A method as recited in claim 24 wherein the applying step comprises applying a coating selected from the group consisting of TiN, TiC, TiCN, TiAlCN, TIA1N,
B4C, ZrC, CrC and CrN.
28. A method as recited in claim 24 wherein the applying step comprises the step of applying a coating comprising a Group IV or transition metal combined with an element selected from the group consisting of Si, B, Al,
C, N and 0.
29. A method as recited in claim 24 further comprising the step of pretreating the polycrystalline diamond surface prior to the application of the coating for better adhesion of the coating to the surface.
30. A method as recited in claim 29 wherein the pretreating step comprises laser sputtering the surface using a reactive metal.
31. A method as recited in claim 29 wherein the pretreating step comprises ion or plasma etching of the surface.
32. A method as recited in claim 29 wherein the pretreating step comprises etching a metallic phase in the surface.
33. A method as recited in claim 24 further comprising the step of applying an intermediate layer of material to the polycrystalline diamond surface prior to the application of the coating.
34. A method as recited in claim 33 wherein the applying the intermediate layer step comprises applying a layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the polycrystalline diamond and the coating.
35. A method as recited in claim 24 wherein the applying step further comprises the step of varying the composition of the coating through its thickness wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion for the composition adjacent to the polycrystalline diamond is closest to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polycrystalline diamond.
36. A method as recited in claim 24 further comprising the step of lapping the coating surface to a finish of 0.5 Fm RMS or less.
37. A drag bit for cutting rock formations comprising:
a bit body; and
a plurality of PCD cutters embedded in the bit body, each of the cutters comprising:
a cemented tungsten carbide body,
a layer of polycrystalline diamond on a cutting face of the body, and
a coating over the polycrystalline diamond of refractory material selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium carbonitride, titanium aluminum carbonitride, titanium aluminum nitride, boron carbide, chromium carbide, chromium nitride, zirconium carbide and any of the transition metals or
Group IV metals combined with either silicon, aluminum, boron, carbon, nitrogen or oxygen.
38. A drag bit as recited in claim 37 wherein the refractory material is selected from the group consisting of boron carbide, titanium nitride and titanium carbonitride.
39. A drag bit as recited in claim 37 wherein the polycrystalline diamond layer is applied in a high temperature, high pressure process and wherein the coating is applied to the face after the high temperature, high pressure process.
40. A polycrystalline diamond cutter substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
41. A method of enhancing the life of a polycrystalline diamond cutter substantially as described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/615,860 US5833021A (en) | 1996-03-12 | 1996-03-12 | Surface enhanced polycrystalline diamond composite cutters |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9705094D0 GB9705094D0 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| GB2311084A true GB2311084A (en) | 1997-09-17 |
| GB2311084B GB2311084B (en) | 2000-06-14 |
Family
ID=24467108
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9705094A Expired - Fee Related GB2311084B (en) | 1996-03-12 | 1997-03-12 | Surface enhanced polycrystallline diamond composite cutters |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5833021A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2311084B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000028106A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Kennametal Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond member and method of making the same |
| AU2004205106B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-01-04 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Shaped inserts with increased retention force |
| AU2004205100B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-07-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Apparatus and method for selective laser-applied cladding |
| AU2007201463B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2010-09-09 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Shaped inserts with increased retention force |
| CN103624262A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-12 | 深圳市海明润实业有限公司 | Heat-resistant polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (111)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6613410B1 (en) * | 1999-09-23 | 2003-09-02 | National Label Company | Extended wrap label |
| US6260639B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2001-07-17 | Smith International, Inc. | Drill bit inserts with zone of compressive residual stress |
| US6123612A (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 2000-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Corrosion resistant abrasive article and method of making |
| US5971087A (en) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-10-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Reduced residual tensile stress superabrasive cutters for earth boring and drill bits so equipped |
| JP3824199B2 (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2006-09-20 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | Sliding member |
| US6599062B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2003-07-29 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Coated PCBN cutting inserts |
| US6439327B1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-08-27 | Camco International (Uk) Limited | Cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| US6592985B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2003-07-15 | Camco International (Uk) Limited | Polycrystalline diamond partially depleted of catalyzing material |
| DE60140617D1 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2010-01-07 | Camco Int Uk Ltd | POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND WITH A SURFACE ENRICHED ON CATALYST MATERIAL |
| KR20020069625A (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2002-09-05 | 프리시젼다이아몬드 주식회사 | CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond pencil and cutter |
| US20060166615A1 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2006-07-27 | Klaus Tank | Composite abrasive compact |
| US6669747B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-12-30 | Master Chemical Corporation | Grinding wheel with titanium aluminum nitride and hard lubricant coatings |
| US6660133B2 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2003-12-09 | Kennametal Inc. | Nanolayered coated cutting tool and method for making the same |
| US7100711B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2006-09-05 | Smith International, Inc. | Single cone rock bit having inserts adapted to maintain hole gage during drilling |
| US20050230150A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-10-20 | Smith International, Inc. | Coated diamonds for use in impregnated diamond bits |
| GB2408735B (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2009-01-28 | Smith International | Thermally-stable polycrystalline diamond materials and compacts |
| WO2005078042A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-08-25 | Element Six Limited | Coated abrasives |
| US20130129983A1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2013-05-23 | Metadigm Llc | Silicon carbide stabilizing of solid diamond and stabilized molded and formed diamond structures |
| US7647993B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2010-01-19 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable diamond bonded materials and compacts |
| US7608333B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2009-10-27 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable diamond polycrystalline diamond constructions |
| US7754333B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2010-07-13 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable diamond polycrystalline diamond constructions |
| GB0423597D0 (en) * | 2004-10-23 | 2004-11-24 | Reedhycalog Uk Ltd | Dual-edge working surfaces for polycrystalline diamond cutting elements |
| US7681669B2 (en) | 2005-01-17 | 2010-03-23 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond insert, drill bit including same, and method of operation |
| US7350601B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2008-04-01 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements formed from ultra hard materials having an enhanced construction |
| US8197936B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2012-06-12 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting structures |
| GB2438319B (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2009-03-04 | Smith International | Thermally stable polycrystalline diamond cutting elements and bits incorporating the same |
| US7694757B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2010-04-13 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable polycrystalline diamond materials, cutting elements incorporating the same and bits incorporating such cutting elements |
| US7493973B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2009-02-24 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond materials having improved abrasion resistance, thermal stability and impact resistance |
| US7377341B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2008-05-27 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable ultra-hard material compact construction |
| US8020643B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2011-09-20 | Smith International, Inc. | Ultra-hard constructions with enhanced second phase |
| US7726421B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2010-06-01 | Smith International, Inc. | Diamond-bonded bodies and compacts with improved thermal stability and mechanical strength |
| US7784567B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2010-08-31 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring rotary drill bits including bit bodies comprising reinforced titanium or titanium-based alloy matrix materials, and methods for forming such bits |
| US8225883B2 (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2012-07-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole percussive tool with alternating pressure differentials |
| US8522897B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2013-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Lead the bit rotary steerable tool |
| US7571780B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2009-08-11 | Hall David R | Jack element for a drill bit |
| US8316964B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2012-11-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit transducer device |
| US7641003B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2010-01-05 | David R Hall | Downhole hammer assembly |
| US8408336B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2013-04-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Flow guide actuation |
| US7753144B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2010-07-13 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit with a retained jack element |
| US7549489B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2009-06-23 | Hall David R | Jack element with a stop-off |
| US8297375B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2012-10-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole turbine |
| US8360174B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2013-01-29 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Lead the bit rotary steerable tool |
| US8297378B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2012-10-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Turbine driven hammer that oscillates at a constant frequency |
| US8528664B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2013-09-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole mechanism |
| US7506698B2 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2009-03-24 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements and bits incorporating the same |
| US7628234B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2009-12-08 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable ultra-hard polycrystalline materials and compacts |
| US8066087B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2011-11-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Thermally stable ultra-hard material compact constructions |
| US9097074B2 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2015-08-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond composites |
| US7527110B2 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-05-05 | Hall David R | Percussive drill bit |
| CA2619547C (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2016-05-17 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond constructions having improved thermal stability |
| JP5351053B2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2013-11-27 | エレメント シックス （プロダクション）（プロプライエタリィ） リミテッド | Tool parts |
| JP5394261B2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2014-01-22 | エレメント シックス （プロダクション）（プロプライエタリィ） リミテッド | Substrate processing method |
| CA2677700A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Element Six (Production) (Pty) Ltd | Method of machining a workpiece |
| US7942219B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2011-05-17 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond constructions having improved thermal stability |
| US7644763B2 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2010-01-12 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole cutting tool and method |
| US7866416B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2011-01-11 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Clutch for a jack element |
| KR20100065348A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-06-16 | 엘리먼트 씩스 (프로덕션) (피티와이) 리미티드 | Ultrahard diamond composites |
| US7967083B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2011-06-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Sensor for determining a position of a jack element |
| US7721826B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2010-05-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole jack assembly sensor |
| US8499861B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2013-08-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Ultra-hard composite constructions comprising high-density diamond surface |
| US7980334B2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2011-07-19 | Smith International, Inc. | Diamond-bonded constructions with improved thermal and mechanical properties |
| DE102007054601A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-20 | WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H. Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG | Saw blade with a basic body and teeth with cutting edges |
| US9297211B2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2016-03-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond construction with controlled gradient metal content |
| US8101286B2 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2012-01-24 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Coatings for clutch plates |
| US8083012B2 (en) | 2008-10-03 | 2011-12-27 | Smith International, Inc. | Diamond bonded construction with thermally stable region |
| US7972395B1 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2011-07-05 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superabrasive articles and methods for removing interstitial materials from superabrasive materials |
| US8951317B1 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2015-02-10 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superabrasive elements including ceramic coatings and methods of leaching catalysts from superabrasive elements |
| US8701799B2 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2014-04-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit cutter pocket restitution |
| US8771389B2 (en) | 2009-05-06 | 2014-07-08 | Smith International, Inc. | Methods of making and attaching TSP material for forming cutting elements, cutting elements having such TSP material and bits incorporating such cutting elements |
| GB2480219B (en) | 2009-05-06 | 2014-02-12 | Smith International | Cutting elements with re-processed thermally stable polycrystalline diamond cutting layers,bits incorporating the same,and methods of making the same |
| GB0908375D0 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2009-06-24 | Element Six Ltd | A super-hard cutter element |
| WO2010148313A2 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-23 | Smith International, Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond cutting elements with engineered porosity and method for manufacturing such cutting elements |
| US9352447B2 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2016-05-31 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Superabrasive elements and methods for processing and manufacturing the same using protective layers |
| US8590643B2 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2013-11-26 | Element Six Limited | Polycrystalline diamond structure |
| US9023493B2 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2015-05-05 | L. Pierre de Rochemont | Chemically complex ablative max-phase material and method of manufacture |
| US8507082B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2013-08-13 | Kennametal Inc. | CVD coated polycrystalline c-BN cutting tools |
| US8858665B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-10-14 | Robert Frushour | Method for making fine diamond PDC |
| US8741010B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-06-03 | Robert Frushour | Method for making low stress PDC |
| WO2012152848A2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-15 | Element Six Abrasives S.A. | Tip for degradation tool and tool comprising same |
| US8974559B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2015-03-10 | Robert Frushour | PDC made with low melting point catalyst |
| US8828110B2 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2014-09-09 | Robert Frushour | ADNR composite |
| US9061264B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2015-06-23 | Robert H. Frushour | High abrasion low stress PDC |
| US9144886B1 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2015-09-29 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Protective leaching cups, leaching trays, and methods for processing superabrasive elements using protective leaching cups and leaching trays |
| US9145603B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-09-29 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods of attaching a polycrystalline diamond compact to a substrate |
| WO2013188688A2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Pcd cutters with improved strength and thermal stability |
| US9028953B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2015-05-12 | Kennametal Inc. | CVD coated polycrystalline c-BN cutting tools |
| US9328565B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-05-03 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Diamond-enhanced carbide cutting elements, drill bits using the same, and methods of manufacturing the same |
| US9550276B1 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2017-01-24 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leaching assemblies, systems, and methods for processing superabrasive elements |
| US9789587B1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2017-10-17 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leaching assemblies, systems, and methods for processing superabrasive elements |
| US10807913B1 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2020-10-20 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leached superabrasive elements and leaching systems methods and assemblies for processing superabrasive elements |
| CN104278953A (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-01-14 | 黄河科技学院 | Polycrystalline diamond composite tooth, preparation method and down-hole drill bit |
| US9908215B1 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2018-03-06 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Systems, methods and assemblies for processing superabrasive materials |
| US10011000B1 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2018-07-03 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leached superabrasive elements and systems, methods and assemblies for processing superabrasive materials |
| US11766761B1 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2023-09-26 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Group II metal salts in electrolytic leaching of superabrasive materials |
| CN104387966A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-04 | 常熟市磊王合金工具有限公司 | Polycrystalline diamond cutter |
| CN104449298A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-25 | 常熟市磊王合金工具有限公司 | Wear-resistant diamond cutter |
| CN104530793A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-22 | 常熟市磊王合金工具有限公司 | Wear-resistant polycrystalline diamond cutter |
| US10350734B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2019-07-16 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Methods of forming a liquid metal embrittlement resistant superabrasive compact, and superabrasive compacts and apparatuses using the same |
| US10920303B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2021-02-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Induced material segregation methods of manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond tool |
| US10723626B1 (en) | 2015-05-31 | 2020-07-28 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Leached superabrasive elements and systems, methods and assemblies for processing superabrasive materials |
| JP7018391B2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2022-02-10 | セメコン アーゲー | Body coating with diamond layer and hard material layer |
| US10031056B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-07-24 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Thermomechanical testing of shear cutters |
| US10704334B2 (en) | 2017-06-24 | 2020-07-07 | Wenhui Jiang | Polycrystalline diamond compact cutters having protective barrier coatings |
| US10900291B2 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2021-01-26 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond elements and systems and methods for fabricating the same |
| EP3743630B1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2024-06-19 | US Synthetic Corporation | Corrosion resistant bearing elements, bearing assemblies, and method for manufacturing a bearing assembly |
| CN108214958A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-06-29 | 嘉兴沃尔德金刚石工具有限公司 | A kind of coating cutter shaft and its manufacturing method with diamond abrasive layer |
| US11866372B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2024-01-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Bn) drilling tools made of wurtzite boron nitride (W-BN) |
| EP4157570A1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2023-04-05 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Producing catalyst-free pdc cutters |
| CN112404435B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-07-18 | 河南富莱格超硬材料有限公司 | Diamond compact and preparation method thereof |
| US12024470B2 (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2024-07-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Fabrication of downhole drilling tools |
| US11702741B2 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-07-18 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Producing polycrystalline diamond compact cutters with coatings |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4539018A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1985-09-03 | Hughes Tool Company--USA | Method of manufacturing cutter elements for drill bits |
| US4974498A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1990-12-04 | Jerome Lemelson | Internal combustion engines and engine components |
| US5040501A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
| US5255929A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1993-10-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Blade for ice skate |
| GB2282833A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-04-19 | Smith International | Drill bit inserts enhanced with polycrystalline diamond |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4525178A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-06-25 | Megadiamond Industries, Inc. | Composite polycrystalline diamond |
| US4605343A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1986-08-12 | General Electric Company | Sintered polycrystalline diamond compact construction with integral heat sink |
| US4811801A (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-03-14 | Smith International, Inc. | Rock bits and inserts therefor |
| GB2216929B (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1992-11-04 | Reed Tool Co | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| GB2234542B (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1993-03-31 | Reed Tool Co | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| US5049164A (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1991-09-17 | Norton Company | Multilayer coated abrasive element for bonding to a backing |
| SE9002135D0 (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1990-06-15 | Sandvik Ab | IMPROVED TOOLS FOR PERCUSSIVE AND ROTARY CRUSCHING ROCK DRILLING PROVIDED WITH A DIAMOND LAYER |
| US5355750A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1994-10-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Rolling cone bit with improved wear resistant inserts |
| GB9125558D0 (en) * | 1991-11-30 | 1992-01-29 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| US5447208A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1995-09-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Superhard cutting element having reduced surface roughness and method of modifying |
-
1996
- 1996-03-12 US US08/615,860 patent/US5833021A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-03-12 GB GB9705094A patent/GB2311084B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4539018A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1985-09-03 | Hughes Tool Company--USA | Method of manufacturing cutter elements for drill bits |
| US4974498A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1990-12-04 | Jerome Lemelson | Internal combustion engines and engine components |
| US5040501A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
| US5255929A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1993-10-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Blade for ice skate |
| GB2282833A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-04-19 | Smith International | Drill bit inserts enhanced with polycrystalline diamond |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000028106A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Kennametal Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond member and method of making the same |
| US6344149B1 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 2002-02-05 | Kennametal Pc Inc. | Polycrystalline diamond member and method of making the same |
| AU2004205106B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-01-04 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Shaped inserts with increased retention force |
| AU2004205100B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-07-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Apparatus and method for selective laser-applied cladding |
| US7416035B2 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2008-08-26 | Smith International, Inc. | Shaped inserts with increased retention force |
| AU2007201463B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2010-09-09 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Shaped inserts with increased retention force |
| CN103624262A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-12 | 深圳市海明润实业有限公司 | Heat-resistant polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method thereof |
| CN103624262B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-09-21 | 深圳市海明润超硬材料股份有限公司 | A kind of Heat-resistant polycrystalline diamond compact and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9705094D0 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| GB2311084B (en) | 2000-06-14 |
| US5833021A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5833021A (en) | Surface enhanced polycrystalline diamond composite cutters | |
| USRE48455E1 (en) | Rolling cutter | |
| US6599062B1 (en) | Coated PCBN cutting inserts | |
| AU731033B2 (en) | Combination milling tool and drill bit | |
| CA2090312C (en) | Binder enriched cvd and pvd coated cutting tool | |
| US7090914B2 (en) | Coated cutting tool | |
| US8235149B2 (en) | Diamond bit steel body cutter pocket protection | |
| EP0592210B1 (en) | Cutting element for rotary drag drillbit | |
| JPH07164211A (en) | Coating tool having long service life | |
| KR20090068174A (en) | Coated cutting tool and a method of making a coated cutting tool | |
| WO2011153439A1 (en) | Rolling cutter assembled directly to the bit pockets | |
| KR20000062268A (en) | Cubic boron nitride cutting tool | |
| US4696352A (en) | Insert for a drilling tool bit and a method of drilling therewith | |
| US9482058B2 (en) | Cutting structures and structures for retaining the same | |
| WO2014078649A1 (en) | Method of making carbonate pcd and sintering carbonate pcd on carbide substrate | |
| EP3661685B1 (en) | Tap drill with enhanced performance | |
| US5271696A (en) | Tool bit for machining materials | |
| JP2005022071A (en) | Hard film coated drill | |
| Godse et al. | Composite CVD+ PVD coatings | |
| JPH0657446A (en) | Durable coating film and device having the film |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130312 |