GB2283999A - Modular building kit, modular building and method - Google Patents
Modular building kit, modular building and method Download PDFInfo
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- GB2283999A GB2283999A GB9422529A GB9422529A GB2283999A GB 2283999 A GB2283999 A GB 2283999A GB 9422529 A GB9422529 A GB 9422529A GB 9422529 A GB9422529 A GB 9422529A GB 2283999 A GB2283999 A GB 2283999A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
A kit for constructing a modular building is disclosed. The kit comprises a plurality of wall elements 5 and a plurality of elongate fixing elements 4 for fixing the wall elements 5 to each other or to a fixed structure. The planes of the external faces of the wall elements 5 intersect with a perimeter defined by a regular polygonal portion 2 superimposed on a rectangular portion 1 such that two vertices of the polygonal portion 2 lie on a respective side of a rectangular portion 1. A grid of mutually perpendicular lines 3 is defined such that the lines 3 extend perpendicularly to the sides of the rectangular portion 1 and pass through the vertices of the polygonal portion 2, and adjacent grid lines 3 pass through adjacent vertices of the polygonal portion 2, wherein each wall element 5 lies between two adjacent points of intersection of grid lines 3. <IMAGE>
Description
MODULAR BUILDING KIT, MODULAR BUILDING AND METHOD
The present invention relates to a modular building kit, a modular building and a method of assembling the modular building, and particularly, but not exclusively, to a modular building being a conservatory or timber frame building.
In constructing conservatories, it is presently common practice to assemble some or all of the walls of the conservatory from a plurality of wall elements joined together by means of vertical post elements therebetween, such that the walls of a conservatory cover a floor plan generally in the shape of one or more rectangles which have may have one or more polygons superimposed thereon.
When the walls are assembled, the roof of the conservatory is similarly assembled on top of the walls from a plurality of rafter elements joined together by roof ridge elements therebetween, the rafter elements supporting roof panels.
The prior art systems suffer from the disadvantage that the design arrangements are difficult to present to potential purchasers, particularly in the case of conservatories, and require specialised knowledge by skilled personnel. Furthermore, the roof-frames of such prior art structures require a large number of parts of differing sizes and so not only can the order specifications for such buildings be complex and liable to errors, but it is also necessary for a supplier of the buildings to keep a large number of different parts in stock. Also, for the purposes of computer aided design, the symbol libraries and presentation systems can become very large and complex.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit for constructing a modular building the kit, comprising a plurality of wall elements and a plurality of elongate fixing elements for fixing the wall elements to each other or to a fixed structure, wherein when the kit is assembled to form a building, the planes of the external faces of the wall elements substantially intersect with a perimeter defined by at least one substantially regular polygonal portion superimposed on at least one substantially rectangular portion such that two vertices of the or each substantially regular polygonal portion lie on a respective side of a substantially rectangular portion, and a real or imaginary grid of substantially mutually perpendicular lines is defined such that the lines extend substantially perpendicularly to the sides of the or each substantially rectangular portion and pass through the vertices of the or each substantially regular polygonal portion, and adjacent grid lines pass through adjacent vertices of the substantially regular polygonal portion, wherein each wall element lies between two adjacent points of intersection of grid lines.
It has been found that a modular building kit according to the present invention can be assembled with greater ease to form a modular building than is the case with the prior art. Furthermore, by defining a building perimeter such that the distance of each wall element from the centre of each substantially polygonal portion is constant, it is possible to construct a roof having a series of panels having the same slope, which simplifies construction. Also, the advantage is provided of enabling a large number of possible modular building shapes to be constructed from a relatively small number of different widths of wall element.
The or each substantially polygonal portion may be substantially octagonal.
In this case, two sides of the or each substantially octagonal portion may extend substantially perpendicularly to two sides of one or more substantially rectangular portions.
This has the advantage that, as a result of the different wall elements forming the walls of the building when assembled being either substantially parallel, substantially perpendicular, or at substantially 45" to each other, it is possible to construct a large number of different modular building shapes from two different widths of wall element.
Where more than one octagonal portion is provided, the octagonal portions may be of substantially equal area.
A respective fixing element is preferably arranged between each pair of adjacent wall elements in the assembled building.
This gives the advantage that the fixing element is arranged substantially at the location at which each grid line intersects the perimeter of the building, and when roof components such as rafter elements are attached to the upper extremities of the fixing elements, increased strength and regularity of the structure is provided.
The kit may further comprise a plurality of rafter elements, wherein the rafter elements in the assembled building are joined to the upper extremities of at least some of the fixing elements.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, for each pair of adjacent wall elements in the assembled building a respective centre of rotation is defined such that one of the wall elements would substantially occupy the position of the other wall element if rotated about said centre of rotation, and each wall element extending substantially parallel to a respective grid line is spaced from the points of intersection of the grid lines at its ends by a distance substantially twice the distance of the edge of the wall element from the corresponding centre of rotation thereof.
Each elongate fixing element may comprise a plurality of elongate component elements which are joined together in use to form the assembled fixing element.
This gives the advantage of enabling several different fixing element configurations to be constructed from a relatively small number of different elongate component elements, thus reducing the number and variety of component parts that need to be kept in stock by a supplier of the kit.
At least two elongate component elements to be joined together may comprise respective mating portions for locating the components relative to each other.
This provides the advantage of facilitating assembly of the kit to form the building.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one fixing element comprises a liquid drainage channel therein defined by at least two said elongate component elements.
This enables liquid to be drained from the interior of the fixing element where it may have collected, for example after heavy rain, thus reducing the incidence of swelling in the case of a wooden fixing element.
In this case, sealing means are preferably located in use between said at least two elongate component elements defining a liquid drainage channel.
At least one of the wall elements may comprise a transparent glazing panel.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a modular building assembled from a kit as defined above.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a modular building comprising a plurality of wall elements joined together or to a fixed structure by means of a plurality of elongate fixing elements to define the perimeter of the building such that the planes of the external faces of the wall elements substantially coincide with the perimeter, wherein the perimeter is defined by at least one substantially regular polygonal portion superimposed upon at least one substantially rectangular portion such that two vertices of the or each polygonal portion lie on a side of the substantially rectangular portion, and a real or imaginary grid of substantially mutually perpendicular lines is defined such that the lines extend substantially perpendicularly to the sides of the or each substantially rectangular portion and pass through the vertices of the or each substantially regular polygonal portion, and adjacent grid lines pass through adjacent vertices of the or each substantially regular polygonal portion, wherein each wall element lies between two adjacent points of intersection of grid lines.
The building may be a conservatory.
Alternatively, the building may be a timber frame building.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of constructing a modular building comprising defining a perimeter comprising at least one substantially regular polygonal portion superimposed on at least one substantially rectangular portion such that two vertices of the or each substantially regular polygonal portion lie on a respective side of the or each substantially rectangular portion, defining a real or imaginary grid of substantially perpendicular lines such that the lines extend substantially perpendicularly to the sides of the or each substantially rectangular portion and pass through the vertices of the or each polygonal portion, and adjacent grid lines pass through adjacent vertices of the or each substantially regular polygonal portion, placing wall elements such that the planes of the external faces thereof substantially coincide with the perimeter and each wall element lies between two adjacent points of intersection of two respective grid lines.
In order that the invention may be better understood, a preferred embodiment is described in detail below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying Drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a floor plan of a
conservatory embodying an aspect of the present
invention, together with a number of wall
elements and post elements thereof;
Figure 2 shows a plan view of the side
walls of the completed conservatory of Figure
1;
Figure 3 shows a plan cross-sectional view
of a 135 corner post element, for use with the conservatory shown in Figure 2, of a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 4 shows a plan cross-sectional view of an external 90" corner post element, for use with the conservatory shown in Figure 2, of a first embodiment of the invention;;
Figure 5 shows a plan cross-sectional view of a post element for joining two wall elements end to end in a straight line, for use with the conservatory shown in Figure 2, of a first embodiment of the invention;
Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the completed conservatory of Figure 2;
Figure 7 shows a plan cross-sectional view of a 135 corner post element, similar to that shown in
Figure 3, but of a second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 8 shows a plan cross-sectional view of an external 90" corner post element, similar to that shown in Figure 4, but of a second embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 9 shows a plan cross-sectional view of
a post element for joining two wall elements end to
end in a straight line, similar to that shown in
Figure 5, but of a second embodiment of the
invention.
Referring in detail to Figure 1, there is shown a floor plan of a modular building in the form of a conservatory. The floor plan comprises a generally rectangular portion 1 on which a generally regular octagonal portion 2 is superimposed such that two of the corners of the octagonal portion 2 lie on the adjacent side of rectangular portion 1, two of the sides of the octagonal portion 2 being generally perpendicular to that side of the rectangular portion 1.
A grid of generally mutually perpendicular lines 3 is then defined superimposed on the floor plan such that adjacent pairs of grid lines 3 pass through adjacent corners of the octagonal portion 2. The lines 3 passing through the octagonal portion 2 are therefore spaced apart in the embodiment of Figure 1 by either a distance a equal to one of the sides of the regular octagonal portion 2 or a distance b equal to the projection on one of the grid lines 3 of one of the sides of the octagonal portion 2 which lies at an angle of generally 45" to the grid lines 3. The adjacent grid lines 3 not passing through the octagonal portion 2 are spaced apart by distance a, as shown in Figure 1.
Only one octagonal portion 2 is shown superimposed on the rectangular portion 1 shown in Figure 1. It will be appreciated that more than one octagonal portion 2 could be present if desired, or even polygonal portions of different shape. It will therefore be appreciated that other than in the event of octagonal portions 2 of equal area being used, the grid lines 3 passing through different octagonal or polygonal portions will have different respective values for the spacings a and b between adjacent grid lines 3.
As can be seen from Figure 1, when the grid lines 3 are defined on the floor plan, if the floor plan is so chosen that the rectangular portion 1 thereof is bounded by grid lines 3, then it will be apparent that the distance between adjacent grid lines 3 around the perimeter of the floor plan will be either a or b. It will also be seen that the sections of length b of the periphery of the floor plan will be located opposite to sides of the polygonal portion 2 extending at 45" relative thereto. In constructing a conservatory from wall elements such that the wall elements form the walls of the building, it can therefore be seen that only two widths of wall element need be used, which has the advantage of enabling a very large variety of building shapes to be constructed from a fairly small number of different building components.
In constructing a conservatory, the normal practice hitherto is for one of the walls of the conservatory to be formed by a wall of an existing building, and the conservatory to be built as an extension onto the existing building. Such a conservatory can be built using the embodiment of the invention shown in the
Figures. However, for the sake of clarity, the conservatory will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 in which all of the walls of the conservatory are formed by wall elements.
With the floor plan and grid lines 3 superimposed thereon as shown in Figure 1, a conservatory is constructed by placing a respective post element 4 at the ends of each section of the perimeter of the floor plan lying between a pair of adjacent grid lines 3. It will be appreciated that in certain cases, such as at an internal 90" corner, a single post element 4 could be used in two perpendicular sections of the perimeter of the floor plan. The walls of the building are then assembled by attaching a wall element 5 of a suitable width between each pair of adjacent post elements 4, by suitable means which will be described further below.
The wall elements 5 have two possible widths, corresponding to spacings a and b between adjacent grid lines 3 as described above.
For each pair of adjacent wall elements 5 a respective centre of rotation (not shown) is defined such that one of the wall elements 5 would be superimposed on the other wall element if rotated about the centre of rotation. The post elements 4 are constructed such that each wall element 5 extending substantially parallel to a grid line 3 is spaced from the points of intersection of the grid lines 3 at its ends by generally twice the distance of the edge of the wall element 5 from the centre of rotation.
When all of the wall elements 5 have been assembled together to form the walls of the building, the plan of the walls of the building appears as in Figure 2. It can be seen in Figure 2 that following the external periphery of the floor plan (defined by a polygon 6 whose sides are coincident with the external surfaces of the wall elements 5), the distance between the edges of adjacent wall elements 5 is twice the width of each post element 4 measured along the periphery of the floor plan.
Referring now to Figure 3, there is shown a corner post assembly 7 for use at a 135 corner of the octagonal portion 2, and is assembled from four interconnected modular elements 8, 9 of which the inner two elements 8 form the post element 4 and the outer two elements 9 each form part of the wall element 5 and enable the transparent part of each wall element 5 in the case of conservatory windows to be attached thereto. It can therefore be seen from Figure 3 that on the external perimeter 6 of the floor plan, the distance from the end of one wall element 5 to the beginning of the next wall element 5 is 2c where c is the width of a post element 4 measured around the external perimeter 6.
Similarly, Figure 4 shows an internal 90" post assembly 10, which is formed from three interconnected elements 9, 11 of the which the outer two elements 9 are identical to those shown in Figure 3 and form part of each of the two wall elements 5 to be joined together, and the inner element 11 forms the post element 4.
Figure 5 shows a post assembly 12 for adjoining two wall elements 5 end to end in a generally straight line, and is formed from three elements 8, the outer two elements 9 of which are identical to those corresponding elements 9 shown in Figures 3 and 4 and form part of each wall element 5, and the inner element 13 of which forms a post element 4, through the middle of which a grid line 3 passes as shown.
In each of Figures 3 to 5 it will be noted that each of the elements 8 comprises castellations 14 for joining the elements together, and in the case of the post element 4 of Figure 5, a recess 15 is provided in which electric cable can be located, for example for providing power and/or lighting to the conservatory.
An example of an assembled conservatory embodying the invention is shown in Figure 6, in which the post elements 4 are in the form of vertical posts having grooves made of any suitable material such as wood or plastics, or, more particularly PVC, and the wall elements 5 are in the form of glazed panels. It can be seen that several different wall elements 5 may be arranged on top of each other between a pair of adjacent post elements 4. When the wall element 5 and post elements 4 have been assembled, the modular building is them completed by a roof consisting of roof elements 20 and decorative features 21 may be added.
A second embodiment of the post elements shown in figures 3 and 5 is shown in figures 7 to 9, in which parts common to figures 3 and 5 are designated by like reference numerals
Referring to Figure 7, a corner post assembly 7a for use at a 1350 corner of the octagonal portion 2 is assembled from four interconnected modular elements 8a, 9a. The inner two elements 8a, as well as forming the post element 4, are provided with mating portions 16 for engagement with corresponding mating portions 17 on a corresponding element 8a, 9a in order to define one or more liquid drainage channels 18 within the post assembly 7a. The corner post assembly 7a is also provided with a seal 19 which is located on each side of the liquid drainage channel 18. The seal 19 may comprise any suitable seal, such as a mastic.
Similarly, Figure 8 shows a 90" post assembly lOa and
Figure 9 shows a post assembly 12a, modified in the same manner as the post assembly 7a of Figure 7 to provide liquid drainage channels 18. The post assemblies 1Oa, 12a are also provided with seals 19 in a manner similar to the post assembly 7a.
The advantage of the modified post assemblies of
Figures 7 to 9 will now be described. In the event of driving rain, if rain is able to penetrate between the modular elements 8a, 9a, then this can cause swelling in the case of wooden elements. The seals 19 minimise penetration of liquid between the elements, and any liquid which does penetrate between the elements is removed via the drainage channel 18.
When the walls of the building have been assembled, the roof Figure 6 is placed on the building as follows.
A plurality of rafter elements 22 for supporting the roof panels 20 are attached to the upper extremities of the post elements 4. The rafter elements 22 generally extend from an apex located at the centre of the octagonal portion 2 to the top of each post element 4 which, as a result of the octagonal portion 2 being regular, means that the roof panels all have the same size and slope, thus reducing the number of different components needed to construct the conservatory.
It will be appreciated that although embodiments of the invention have been described with particular application to conservatories, the invention is not limited thereto. The invention may, for example, be applied to timber frame buildings such as houses, in which a timber frame supporting timber roof members is assembled, and the external walls of the building are subsequently constructed from brickwork or any other suitable durable material.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with this specification and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
All the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps or any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (20)
1A kit for constructing a modular building, the kit
comprising a plurality of wall elements and a
plurality of elongate fixing elements for fixing the
wall elements to each other or to a fixed structure,
wherein when the kit is assembled to form a
building, the planes of the external faces of the
wall elements substantially intersect with a
perimeter defined by at least one substantially
regular polygonal portion superimposed on at least
one substantially rectangular portion such that two
vertices of the or each substantially regular
polygonal portion lie on a respective side of a
substantially rectangular portion, and a real or
imaginary grid of substantially mutually
perpendicular lines is defined such that the lines
extend substantially perpendicularly to the sides of
the or each substantially rectangular portion and
pass through the vertices of the or each
substantially regular polygonal portion, and
adjacent grid lines pass through adjacent vertices
of the or each substantially regular polygonal
portion, wherein each wall element lies between two
adjacent points of intersection of grid lines.
2. A kit according to claim 1, wherein the or each
substantially regular polygonal portion is
substantially octagonal.
3. A kit according to claim 2, wherein two sides of the
or each substantially octagonal portion extend
substantially perpendicularly to two sides of one or
more substantially rectangular portions.
4. A kit according to claim 2 or 3, comprising more
than one said octagonal portion, wherein said
octagonal portions are substantially of equal area.
5. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein a respective fixing element is arranged
between each pair of adjacent wall elements in the
assembled building.
6. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims,
further comprising a plurality of rafter elements,
wherein the rafter elements in the assembled
building are joined to the upper extremities of at
least some of the fixing elements.
7 . A kit according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein for each pair of adjacent wall elements in
the assembled building a respective centre of
rotation is defined such that one of the wall
elements would substantially occupy the position of
the other wall element if rotated about said centre
of rotation, and each wall element extending
substantially parallel to a respective grid line is
spaced from the points of intersection of the grid
lines at its ends by a distance substantially twice
the distance of the edge of the wall element from
the corresponding centre of rotation thereof.
8. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein each elongate fixing element comprises a
plurality of elongate component elements which are
joined together in use to form the assembled fixing
element.
9 . A kit according to claim 8, wherein at least two
said elongate component elements to be joined
together comprise respective mating portions for
locating the components relative to each other.
10. A kit according to claim 8 or 9, wherein at least
one fixing element comprises a liquid drainage
channel therein defined by at least two said
elongate component elements.
11. A kit according to claim 10, further comprising
sealing means located in use between said at least
two elongate component elements defining the liquid
drainage channel.
12. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein at least one of the wall elements comprises
a transparent glazing panel.
13. A modular building assembled from a kit according to
any one of the preceding claims.
14. A modular building comprising a plurality of wall
elements joined together or to a fixed structure by
means of a plurality of elongate fixing elements to
define the perimeter of the building such that the
planes of the external faces of the wall elements
substantially coincide with the perimeter, wherein
the perimeter is defined by at least one
substantially regular polygonal portion superimposed
upon at least one substantially rectangular portion
such that two vertices of the or each polygonal
portion lie on a side of a substantially rectangular
portion, and a real or imaginary grid of
substantially mutually perpendicular lines is
defined such that the lines extend substantially
perpendicularly to the sides of the or each
substantially rectangular portion and pass through
the vertices of the substantially regular polygonal
portion, and adjacent grid lines pass through
adjacent vertices of the substantially regular
polygonal portion, wherein each wall element lies
between two adjacent points of intersection of grid
lines.
15. A modular building according to claim 13 or 14,
wherein the building is a conservatory.
16. A modular building according to claim 13 or 14,
wherein the building is a timber frame building.
17. A method of constructing a modular building
comprising defining a perimeter comprising at least
one substantially regular polygonal portion
superimposed on at least one substantially
rectangular portion such that two vertices of the or
each substantially regular polygonal portion lie on
a respective side of the or each substantially
rectangular portion, defining a real or imaginary
grid of substantially perpendicular lines such that
the lines extend substantially perpendicularly to
the sides of the or each substantially rectangular
portion and pass through the vertices of the or each
polygonal portion, and adjacent grid lines pass
through adjacent vertices of the or each
substantially regular polygonal portion, and placing
wall elements such that the planes of the external
faces thereof substantially coincide with the
perimeter and each wall element lies between two
adjacent points of intersection of two respective
grid lines.
18. A kit for constructing a modular building, the kit
substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
19. A modular building substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
20. A method of constructing a modular building, the
method substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939323455A GB9323455D0 (en) | 1993-11-13 | 1993-11-13 | Modular building kit and method |
| GB9404326A GB9404326D0 (en) | 1993-11-13 | 1994-03-07 | Modular building kit and method |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9422529D0 GB9422529D0 (en) | 1995-01-04 |
| GB2283999A true GB2283999A (en) | 1995-05-24 |
| GB2283999B GB2283999B (en) | 1996-12-04 |
Family
ID=26303861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9422529A Expired - Fee Related GB2283999B (en) | 1993-11-13 | 1994-11-08 | Modular building kit,modular building and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2283999B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2358885A (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-08 | Green Window Company Ltd | Modular conservatory construction |
| GB2414997A (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-14 | Abbott Group Ltd | Construction of conservatories |
| WO2014017993A2 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-30 | Ulkumen Refik Halit | A modular living space |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2228501A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1990-08-29 | Minamifuji Sangyo Kk | A modular house with columns at the points of an octagon. |
-
1994
- 1994-11-08 GB GB9422529A patent/GB2283999B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2228501A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1990-08-29 | Minamifuji Sangyo Kk | A modular house with columns at the points of an octagon. |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2358885A (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-08 | Green Window Company Ltd | Modular conservatory construction |
| GB2414997A (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-14 | Abbott Group Ltd | Construction of conservatories |
| WO2014017993A2 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-30 | Ulkumen Refik Halit | A modular living space |
| WO2014017993A3 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-03-20 | Ulkumen Refik Halit | A modular living space |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9422529D0 (en) | 1995-01-04 |
| GB2283999B (en) | 1996-12-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991108 |