GB2248689A - Apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source - Google Patents

Apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2248689A
GB2248689A GB9120010A GB9120010A GB2248689A GB 2248689 A GB2248689 A GB 2248689A GB 9120010 A GB9120010 A GB 9120010A GB 9120010 A GB9120010 A GB 9120010A GB 2248689 A GB2248689 A GB 2248689A
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Prior art keywords
gyroscope
frame
axis
energy
gyroscopes
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GB9120010A
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GB9120010D0 (en
GB2248689B (en
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Robin Greer
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00Geometry
    • F05B2250/40Movement of component
    • F05B2250/44Movement of component one element moving inside another one, e.g. wave-operated member (wom) moving inside another member (rem)
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus (1) for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source is described. The apparatus (1) comprises a frame (2), a gyroscope (3, 4) comprising a rotor (5). The gyroscope (3, 4) is mounted on the frame (2) to pivot about an axis (11, 12) which does not pass through the rotor (5) of the gyroscope (3, 4). Hence, when the oscillating energy source causes angular motion of the frame (2) which in turn causes a change in the angular momentum of the gyroscope (3, 4), the gyroscope (3, 4) precesses about the axis. The apparatus further comprises energy extraction means to extract energy from the precession of the gyroscope (3, 4). <IMAGE>

Description

"Apparatus for Extracting Energy from an Oscillating Energy Source" The invention relates to apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source and in particular, by use of a gyroscope.
It has been proposed that gyroscopes could be used for extracting energy from oscillating energy sources, such as waves. Typically, these conventional devices rely on the precessional effects of a gyroscope in order to extract the energy from the waves.
However, this conventional apparatus has the disadvantage that if the force against which the precessional movement of the gyroscope has to do work is greater than the force causing precession, then counter precession will occur. In other words the gyroscope will stop extracting energy from the oscillating force. On conventional mechanisms the force opposing precession is typically controlled by decisions made by a computer which is fed information about the strength of the force causing precession.
Hence, such systems rely on numerous moving parts and will possibly involve high operation and maintenance costs.
In accordance with the present invention, apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source comprises a frame, a gyroscope comprising a rotor and mounted on the frame to pivot about an axis which does not pass through the rotor of the gyroscope, so that when the oscillating energy source causes angular motion of the frame which in turn causes a change in the angular momentum of the gyroscope, the gyroscope precesses about the axis, and wherein the apparatus further comprises energy extraction means to extract energy from the precession of the gyroscope.
The invention mitigates the problems of conventional apparatus for extracting energy from oscillating energy sources, such as waves, by means of a gyroscope by positioning the rotor of the gyroscope so that the rotor is offset from the axis of precession of the gyroscope.
Typically, the centre of mass of the gyroscope does not coincide with the axis and preferably, the centre of mass of the gyroscope is offset from the axis by offsetting a rotor of the gyroscope from the axis. In addition, the rotor may be movable along its axis of rotation to vary the properties of the apparatus as desired.
Typically, the axis is substantialy at a mutual right angle to the axis of angular motion of the frame.
Typically, the energy extraction means also maintains the rotation of the rotor of the gyroscope.
Preferably, the energy extraction means comprises a rack and pinion mechanism such that the rotor is driven in the same direction irrespective of the direction of precession of the gyroscope. Typically, the energy could be extracted by a dynamo connected to the rack and pinion mechanism, or the rotor shaft or the rotor itself could form part of a dynamo. However, any other suitable energy take-off device which can do useful work could be used, such as pump mechanism.
Typically, the apparatus further comprises regulating means which synchronises the precession of the gyroscope with the oscillations of the oscillating energy source and preferably, the regulating means comprises a ratchet mechanism. However, the regulating means could comprise any other suitable alternative, such as an electromagnetic effect device.
Typically, the oscillating energy source could be waves on a liquid, such as the sea and the motion of the waves would cause the angular motion of the frame.
Typically, the apparatus could comprise a pair of gyroscopes and includes synchronisation means to synchronise the precession of one gyroscope to the precession of the other gyroscope and typically, the synchronisation means could comprise co-operating ratchets mounted in each gyroscope.
Preferably, where a pair of gyroscopes are provided the synchronisation means synchronises the gyroscopes so that their motion is 1800 out of phase with each other and in this case, the rotors would rotate in opposite directions.
It would also be possible for the apparatus to comprise more than two gyroscopes which could typically, be arranged in a linear distribution. In this example, the gyroscopes would typically be synchronised so that the two gyroscopes immediately adjacent to any one gyroscope would be 1800 out of phase with the one gyroscope. Hence, every secbnd gyroscope would precess in phase.
An example of apparatus for extracting energy from an ocillating energy source will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of apparatus having a pair of synchronised gyroscopes; Fig. 2 is a detailed view of a gyroscope rotor drive mechanism for use in the apparatus shown in Fig.l; Figs. 3a and 3b illustrate a regulating means for use in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; and, Figs. 4a and 4b illustrate the pivoting motion of the gyroscopes when the apparatus of Fig. 1 is in use.
Fig. 1 shows a device 1 which may be used for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source, for example waves on a liquid such as the sea.
The device 1 comprises a main frame 2 and a pair of gyroscopes 3, 4 which each comprise a rotor 5 mounted on an axle 6. The axles 6 are each mounted for rotation between a cross member 7 and a gyroscope frame 8 on bearing assemblies (not shown) mounted within the cross member 7 and the frame 8, and which support the axle 6 and the rotor 5.
The gyroscope frame 8 also supports the cross member 7 and is pivotally mounted on a secondary frame 9 at two pivot points 10 so that the gyroscopes 3, 4 may pivot about the axes 11, 12 respectively. A drive frame 13 for each gyroscope 3, 4 is also pivotally mounted to the secondary frame 9 at the pivot points 10 and co-operates with the gyroscope frame 8 by means of a peg 14 mounted on each gyroscope frame 8 which locates in a co-operating slot 15 in each drive frame 13.
Hence, there is a limited amount of relative rotational movement between the drive frame 13 and the gyroscope frame 8.
Mounted on each drive frame 13 are two pinions 16, 17 which are shown in more detail in Fig. 2. The pinions 16, 17 are offset from each other so that a co-operating pinion 18 attached to the lower end of each axle 6 engages with only one of the pinions 16, 17. This depends on the position of the peg 14 in the slot 15 and hence, the position of the gyroscope frame 8 relative to the drive frame 13. Therefore in the position shown in Fig, 1, the gyroscope 4 has its pinion 18 engaged with the pinion 16 on the drive frame 13 as the peg 14 is at the right hand end of the slot 15. Similarly, the gyroscope 3 has its pinion 18 engaged with the pinion 17 as the peg 14 is at the left hand end of the slot 15.
Each of the pinions 17, 16 which are mounted on the drive frame 13 co-operate with a gear rack 19 mounted on the secondary frame 9 and which has a gear teeth on both sides so that pivotal movement of the drive frame 13 about the axis in either direction causes rotation of both pinions 16, 17.
Each gyroscope frame 8 also has a circular section 20 and the adjacent portions of each circular section 20 have co-operating teeth 21 which synchronise the rotation of the gyroscope frames 8 about the axes 11, 12 so that the pivotal motion of the frames 8 about the axes 11, 12 are opposite to each other.
On the portions of the circular sections 20 of the frames 8 which are remote from each other a ratchet face 22 is provided on each side of the circular section 20. The ratchet faces 22 co-operate with a regulator 23 which is mounted on the main frame 2 and is fixed relative to the main frame 2. The secondary frame 9 is pivotally mounted to the main frame 2 at pivot points so that the secondary frame 9 pivots about an axis 31 relative to the main frame 2. The rotational movement of the secondary frame 9 relative to the main frame 2 is limited by pegs 32 attached to the secondary frame 9 and which move in co-operating apertures 33 in the main frame 2.
The regulators 23 are shown in more detail in Figs. 3a and 3b. When the secondary frame 9 is in the position shown in Fig. 1 relative to the main frame 2 the ratchet surface 22 is forced against a ratchet arm 25 in the regulator 23 so that the circular section 20 of the gyroscope frame 8 may move in the direction of arrow 24 but may not move in a reverse direction. The circular section 20 may only move in the reverse direction, that is the direction of arrow 27 in Fig.3b, when the secondary frame 9 has changed its position relative to the main frame 2 so that the ratchet 22 is urged against another ratchet arm 26 as shown in Fig.
3b. The operation of this mechanism will be explained in more detail below.
In use, when the rotors 5 are rotating in opposite directions, then as shown in Fig. 4a when the main frame 2 is rotated about the axis 31 in the direction of arrows 40, from the horizontal position indicated by line H then this causes precession of the gyroscopes 3, 4 coupled with a centrifugal effect on the gyroscopes 3, 4. As the gyroscopes 3, 4 have their rotors 5 rotating in different directions the precession about the axes 11, 12 is in mutually opposite directions so that the rotors 5 of the gyroscopes 3, 4 move towards each other, as shown in Fig. 4a. As the gyroscopes 3, 4 pivot so that the rotors 5 move towards each other the gyroscope 3 has its pinion 18 engaged with the pinion 16 and the gyroscope 4 has its pinion 18 engaged with the pinion 17 so that the gyroscope rotors 5 are driven in mutually opposite directions as shown by the arrows 42, 44 in Fig. 4a.
During this movement of the main frame 2 in the direction of the arrows 40, the secondary frame 9 lags slightly behind the main frame 2 due to the movement of the pegs 32 in the slots 33 so that the circular section 20 and the ratchet faces 22 are not parallel to the sides of the regulator 23. Hence, each ratchet face 22 engages with the ratchet arm 26 in the regulators 23. This prevents the gyroscopes 3, 4 pivoting back around the axes 11, 12 under the action of gravity until after the main frame 2 has started to move in a direction opposite to the arrows 40. This then forces the ratchet surfaces 22 against the other ratchet arm 25 in the regulator 23. This enables the gyroscopes 3, 4 to reverse their pivotal motion about the axes 11, 12 respectively so that the rotors 5 of the gyroscopes 3, 4 move away from each other.When this occurs the pegs 14 move within the slots 15 in the drive frame 13 so that the pinion 18 of the gyroscope 3 engages with the pinion 17 and the pinion 18 of the gyroscope 4 engages with the pinion 16. As the direction of motion of the gyroscopes 3, 4 and hence the drive frame 13, is now in the opposite direction the rotors 5 continue to be driven in the same direction as before.
As the main frame 2 continues to rotate about the axis 31 the main frame 2 rotates through the horizontal plane indicated by the line H and continues to move in the direction of arrows 45.- Movement of.the main frame 2 in this opposite direction causes the gyroscopes 3, 4 to pivot about the axis 11, 12 respectively so that the rotors 5 move away from each other as shown in Fig. 4b.
When the gyroscopes 3, 4 are in the position shown in Figs. 4b the ratchet arm 25 in the regulator 23 co-operates with the ratchet 22 and prevents the circular sections 20 and hence the gyroscopes 3, 4 changing direction due to the action of gravity on the mass of the rotors 5. As before the gyroscopes 3, 4 can only reverse their direction of motion so that the rotors 5 start to move towards each other when the main frame 2 has reversed its direction so that the ratchet 22 is urged against the ratchet arm 26 which enables the section 20 to move in a direction opposite to the arrow 24.
The pivotal movement of the gyroscopes 3, 4 about the axes 11, 12 respectively can be used to generate useful energy, for example by coupling a dynamo to the rotating axles 6 and rotating rotors 5. Hence, when the main frame 2 rotates about the axis 31 in response to the motion of waves useful energy is generated by rotation of the gyroscopes 3, 4 about the axes 11, 12 respectively.
With a conventional gyroscope the rotors 5 would be located so that the axes 11, 12 pass through a central plane of the rotors 5. Hence, the only effect causing rotation of the gyroscopes 3, 4 about the axes 11, 12 is precessional effects. However, with the invention, by displacing the rotors and the centre of mass of the gyroscope from the axes 11, 12 the effects of gravity also contribute to the rotational movement of the gyroscopes 3, 4 about the axis 11, 12 and there is also a third contribution to the movement due to a centrifugal effect which naturally pulls the gyroscopes 3, 4 to a position in which they are parallel to each other and at right angles to the main frame 2 when the main frame 2 is rotated about the axis 31. This enhances the effects of precession of the gyroscopes and enables more useful work energy to be generated by the movement of the gyroscopes.
In addition, one or more of the rotors 5 may be movable along the respective axle 6 in order to vary the physical properties of the device 1.
Modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (13)

1. Apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source comprising a frame, a gyroscope comprising a rotor and mounted on the frame to pivot about an axis which does not pass through the rotor of the gyroscope, so that when the oscillating energy source causes angular motion of the frame which in turn causes a change in the angular momentum of the gyroscope, the gyroscope precesses about the axis, and wherein the apparatus further comprises energy extraction means to extract energy from the precession of the gyroscope.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the centre of mass of the gyroscope does not coincide with the axis.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, wherein the centre of mass of the gyroscope is offset from the axis by offsetting a rotor of the gyroscope from the axis.
4. Apparatus according to any of the preceding Claims, wherein the axis is substantially at a mutual right angle to the axis of angular motion of the frame.
5. Apparatus according to any of the preceding Claims, wherein the energy extraction means maintains the rotation of the rotor of the gyroscope.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein the energy extraction means comprises a rack and pinion mechanism.
7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding Claims, further comprising a regulating means which synchronises the precession of the gyroscope with the oscillation of the oscillating energy source.
8. According to Claim 7, wherein the regulating means comprises a ratchet mechanism.
9. Apparatus according to any of the preceding Claims, and further comprising another gyroscope and synchronisation means to synchronise the precession of one gyroscope to the precession of the other gyroscope.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, wherein the synchronisation means synchronises the gyroscopes so that their motion is 1800 out of phase with each other.
11. Apparatus according to any of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the apparatus comprises at least three gyroscopes arranged in a linear distribution.
12. Apparatus according to Claim 12, wherein the motion of the two gyroscopes immediately adjacent to any one gyroscope is 1800 out of phase with the motion of the one gyroscope.
13. Apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB9120010A 1990-10-09 1991-09-19 Apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source Expired - Fee Related GB2248689B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB909021969A GB9021969D0 (en) 1990-10-09 1990-10-09 Apparatus for extracting energy from an oscillating energy source

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GB9120010D0 GB9120010D0 (en) 1991-11-06
GB2248689A true GB2248689A (en) 1992-04-15
GB2248689B GB2248689B (en) 1994-09-07

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002023039A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 Michael French Wave energy converter using an oscillating mass
GB2409898A (en) * 2004-01-10 2005-07-13 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma A rocking motion energy converter
GB2410300A (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-07-27 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma A rotating motion energy converter
GB2410299A (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-07-27 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma An ocean power converter
US7003947B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2006-02-28 Japan Science And Technology Corporation Gyro wave activated power generator and a wave suppressor using the power generator
GB2418707A (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-04-05 Timothy Andrew Sparrow Device for producing energy from wave motion incorporating a gyroscope
WO2008097116A2 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Albuquerque Jose Manuel Braga A submerged waterproof wave energy converter with gyroscope power- take-off
ES2319156A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2009-05-04 Manuel PINILLA MARTIN Generator of energy from the seas (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US7994651B2 (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-08-09 Dov Frishberg Apparatus for converting the energy of waves on a body of water
WO2012103890A1 (en) * 2011-02-06 2012-08-09 JOLTECH ApS Wave power device
WO2013156674A3 (en) * 2012-04-17 2013-12-19 Wello Oy Method for converting the energy of water waves into electricity by means of a wave power plant and a wave power plant
US9447770B2 (en) 2011-11-17 2016-09-20 Wello Oy Method for converting the energy of water waves into electricity by means of a wave power plant and a wave power plant
EP2593667A4 (en) * 2010-07-15 2017-06-21 Wello Oy Wave power plant
RU2694712C1 (en) * 2018-04-09 2019-07-16 Анатолий Николаевич Зайцев Wave power station
IT202100026360A1 (en) * 2021-12-10 2023-06-10 Torino Politecnico PENDULAR GYROSCOPIC ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM INCLUDING SUCH DEVICE

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2062114A (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-20 Salter S H Improvements in or Relating to Devices for Extracting Energy from Waves
WO1982000221A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-21 G Walker Directional transfer energy production method
US4688746A (en) * 1984-11-05 1987-08-25 Cooper James W Satellite despin device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2062114A (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-05-20 Salter S H Improvements in or Relating to Devices for Extracting Energy from Waves
WO1982000221A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-21 G Walker Directional transfer energy production method
US4688746A (en) * 1984-11-05 1987-08-25 Cooper James W Satellite despin device

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002023039A1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 Michael French Wave energy converter using an oscillating mass
US7003947B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2006-02-28 Japan Science And Technology Corporation Gyro wave activated power generator and a wave suppressor using the power generator
GB2409898A (en) * 2004-01-10 2005-07-13 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma A rocking motion energy converter
GB2410300A (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-07-27 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma A rotating motion energy converter
GB2410299A (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-07-27 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma An ocean power converter
GB2410299B (en) * 2004-01-22 2007-07-11 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma Ocean power converter
GB2410300B (en) * 2004-01-22 2007-07-11 Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma Rotating motion energy converter
GB2418707A (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-04-05 Timothy Andrew Sparrow Device for producing energy from wave motion incorporating a gyroscope
WO2008097116A3 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-09-25 Jose Manuel Braga Albuquerque A submerged waterproof wave energy converter with gyroscope power- take-off
WO2008097118A2 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Albuquerque Jose Manuel Braga The multiple gyroscope power-take-off and a submerged waterproof wave energy converter
WO2008097116A2 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Albuquerque Jose Manuel Braga A submerged waterproof wave energy converter with gyroscope power- take-off
WO2008097118A3 (en) * 2007-02-05 2009-11-19 Albuquerque Jose Manuel Braga A submerged waterproof wave energy converter with gyroscope power take-off
ES2319156A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2009-05-04 Manuel PINILLA MARTIN Generator of energy from the seas (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP2593667A4 (en) * 2010-07-15 2017-06-21 Wello Oy Wave power plant
US7994651B2 (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-08-09 Dov Frishberg Apparatus for converting the energy of waves on a body of water
WO2012103890A1 (en) * 2011-02-06 2012-08-09 JOLTECH ApS Wave power device
US9447770B2 (en) 2011-11-17 2016-09-20 Wello Oy Method for converting the energy of water waves into electricity by means of a wave power plant and a wave power plant
WO2013156674A3 (en) * 2012-04-17 2013-12-19 Wello Oy Method for converting the energy of water waves into electricity by means of a wave power plant and a wave power plant
RU2694712C1 (en) * 2018-04-09 2019-07-16 Анатолий Николаевич Зайцев Wave power station
IT202100026360A1 (en) * 2021-12-10 2023-06-10 Torino Politecnico PENDULAR GYROSCOPIC ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICE AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM INCLUDING SUCH DEVICE
WO2023105410A1 (en) * 2021-12-10 2023-06-15 Politecnico Di Torino Pendular gyroscopic device for energy conversion, and system for the generation of electric energy comprising such device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9021969D0 (en) 1990-11-21
GB9120010D0 (en) 1991-11-06
GB2248689B (en) 1994-09-07

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100919