GB2214846A - Method and apparatus for treating wire - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for treating wire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2214846A GB2214846A GB8803992A GB8803992A GB2214846A GB 2214846 A GB2214846 A GB 2214846A GB 8803992 A GB8803992 A GB 8803992A GB 8803992 A GB8803992 A GB 8803992A GB 2214846 A GB2214846 A GB 2214846A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- rollers
- serpentine path
- treating
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F9/00—Straining wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F9/00—Straining wire
- B21F9/005—Straining wire to affect the material properties of the wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F9/00—Straining wire
- B21F9/007—Straining wire to induce a plastic deformation of the wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
- B21G3/00—Making pins, nails, or the like
- B21G3/12—Upsetting; Forming heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21G—MAKING NEEDLES, PINS OR NAILS OF METAL
- B21G3/00—Making pins, nails, or the like
- B21G3/32—Feeding material to be worked to nail or pin making machines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Wire is treated to increase its formability by drawing the wire along a serpentine path so as to apply a predetermined strain to the wire as it follows the path. The strain applied to the wire may result in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of up to 6 per cent. The wire is drawn by capstan 1 through rollers 6 of mechanical stress relieving apparatus 2 prior to feeding the wire to a rail making machine 3. <IMAGE>
Description
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING WIRE
The present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for treating wire and more particularly but not exclusively relates to the treatment of wire which is intended for cold heading, such as in a nail making process, so as to increase the formability of the wire.
It is known that during cold working such as in wiredrawing, steel hardens and the ductility (or formability) is reduced. This is exacerbated if the aging process occurs. When wire is to be drawn for making nails, it is also known that if the wire is drawn to a small diameter dependent on the material employed and whether or not aging occurs there is insufficient residual ductility or formability in the wire to enable a sound nail head to be formed during cold forming because a lack of ductility within the wire causes the head to split.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a treatment for wire which increases the formability of the wire in an economical manner.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of treating wire which comprises drawing the wire along a serpentine path so as to apply a predetermined strain to the wire.
The strain applied to the wire may result in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of up to 6 per cent, preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 per cent.
The wire may be drawn along the serpentine path by means of a capstan around which the wire is wrapped. Preferably the serpentine path is defined by a plurality of rollers, the intermesh between the rollers being variable so as to enable adjustment of the predetermined strain applied to the wire.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for treating wire comprising a plurality of rollers defining a serpentine path for the wire so as to apply a predetermined strain to the wire as it follows the path.
The strain applied to the wire may result in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of up to 6 per cent, preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 per cent.
The rollers may be provided with peripheral grooves.
The apparatus may include a capstan for drawing the wire along the serpentine path.
Preferably the apparatus includes means for adjusting at least one of the rollers so as to alter the serpentine path and the predetermined strain. Five rollers may be provided.
A guide may be provided for guiding the wire to the rollers.
The invention also relates to a nailmaking apparatus which incorporates apparatus for treating wire as hereinbefore defined.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying figure which shows one embodiment of an apparatus for treating wire in accordance with the present invention.
Tests were carried out with wire made from two steels, A and B. Steel A is a rim substitute steel produced by the basic oxygen process and steel B is a rim substitute steel produced by the electric arc process.
The chemical analysis of these steels in per cent by weight is as follows:
C Si S P Mn Cu
Steel A 0.05 0.02 0.012 0.014 0.29 0.01
Steel B 0.05 0.08 0 033 0.017 0.40 0.15
Ni Cr Mo Sn Al N Fe
Steel A 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.002 balance
Steel B 0.06 0.05 - 0.026 - 0.008 balance
Steel B has a higher level of silicon and residual elements which in turn give rise to an increased strength in the wire and lower residual ductility. It would therefore be expected that the tendency of nail heads to split when made from Steel B is greater than when made of Steel A and this is indeed the case as shown in the following Examples 1 and 2.
The wire ages after it is drawn and with aging carbon and nitrogen diffuse to the dislocations formed after the cold working of the drawing operation and serve to pin the dislocations. Aging thus leads to reduced residual ductility or formability and increased splitting of the nail heads.
We have found that it is possible to work soften the wire which frees the dislocations and improves the formability.
This leads to reduced splitting of the nail heads, but of course it is necessary to use the wire before aging takes place again. Although it is preferable to use the work softened wire as soon as the softening has taken place, for example in a continuous process, it is also possible to use the wire in a batch process within about a day or so of the work softening process and preferably within about 12 hours.
Example 1 (Comparative)
A wire of 2.67mm diameter was drawn from Steel A and was made into both plain nails and clout nails. The average number of splits per nail head in the clout nails was 1.54 times that observed in the plain nails.
Plain nails require less deformation than clout nails and one would expect on production from the same material a lower average number of splits per head for plain nails.
Example 2
A wire of 2.67mm diameter was drawn from Steel B and was made into both plain nails and clout nails. The average number of splits per nail for the plain nails was 2.3 times that for the nails produced from Steel A. The average number of splits per nail head for the clout nails was 2.2 times that for the nails produced from Steel A.
Once again the plain nails showed a lower average number of splits per head than the clout nails. The relatively higher number of splits with Steel B compared with Steel A reflects the poorer surface quality and ductility of the
Steel B.
In order to improve the ductility of the wire to make it easier to deform and to reduce the average number of splits the wire was passed around a capstan 1 and was drawn by the capstan as shown in the figure through a mechanical stress relieving apparatus 2 prior to feeding the wire to a nail making machine 3. The capstan 1 is not strictly necessary but is one example of means to pull the wire through the stress relieving apparatus. The stress relieving apparatus 2 comprises a plurality of rollers 6 of which two rollers are mounted on an adjustable platform and to give different intermesh settings 4 which give varying degrees of deformation and hence impart different amounts of strain.
The rollers 6 may have a groove around their peripheries to assist in maintaining the wire in position. A guide 5 guides the wire to the rollers 6.
Example 3
The apparatus shown in the figure was used to produce both plain nails and clout nails from Steel A and from Steel B.
The results are given in the following Table:
Intermesh Steel A Steel B (mm) Plain Clout Plain Clout w 0 100 100 100 100 (comparative) 5 64 75 i 77 75 10 63 53 73 68 15 54 44 67 59 20 47 41 55 55 25 34 29 51 39 28 1 22 41 37 TABLE - SPLITS INDEX
The splits index which is representative of the number of splits in the nail heads compared with that at zero intermesh (zero strain) shows that the quality of the nails produced rises as the intermesh between the rollers increases for both
Steels A and B and for both plain and clout nails indicating that passing the wire between the intermeshed rollers results in a greater formability of the steel.
Claims (16)
1. A method of treating wire which comprises drawing the wire along a serpentine path so as to apply a predetermined strain to the wire.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the strain applied to the wire results in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of up to 6 per cent.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the strain applied to the wire results in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of from 0.5 to 2.5 per cent.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the wire is drawn along the serpentine path by means of a capstan around which the wire is wrapped.
5. A method according to any preceding claim , wherein the serpentine path is defined by a plurality of rollers, the intermesh between the rollers being variable so as to enable adjustment of the predetermined strain applied to the wire.
6. A method of treating wire substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
7. An apparatus for treating wire comprising a plurality of rollers defining a serpentine path for the wire so as to apply a predetermined strain to the wire as it follows the path.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the strain applied to the wire results in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of up to 6 per cent.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the strain applied to the wire results in a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the wire of from 0.5 to 2.5 per cent.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claims 7, 8 or 9, wherein the rollers are provided with peripheral grooves.
11. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 and including a capstan for drawing the wire along the serpentine path.
12. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 11 and including means for adjusting at least one of the rollers so as to alter the serpentine path and the predetermined strain.
13. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 12 and including five rollers.
14. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13 and including a guide for guiding the wire to the rollers.
15. An apparatus for treating wire substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawing.
16. Nail making apparatus incorporating apparatus for treating wire as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 15.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8803992A GB2214846A (en) | 1988-02-20 | 1988-02-20 | Method and apparatus for treating wire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8803992A GB2214846A (en) | 1988-02-20 | 1988-02-20 | Method and apparatus for treating wire |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8803992D0 GB8803992D0 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
GB2214846A true GB2214846A (en) | 1989-09-13 |
Family
ID=10632080
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8803992A Withdrawn GB2214846A (en) | 1988-02-20 | 1988-02-20 | Method and apparatus for treating wire |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2214846A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0806257A1 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1997-11-12 | V.M.S. Holding A.G. | Driven machine for increasing the ductility of wire |
WO1999041029A1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-08-19 | Evg Entwicklungs- U. Verwertungsgesellschaft Mbh | Process and plant for manufacturing grates |
NL2009282C2 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Znd Draad B V | Method, apparatus and arrangement for manufacturing reinforcement steel, and reinforcement steel manufactured therewith. |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB481207A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1938-03-08 | Petits Fils Francois Wendel | Improvements relating to freeing metallic pieces from their surface film of oxide |
GB838234A (en) * | 1956-08-06 | 1960-06-22 | Julius Georg Stefan Keller | Improved method of and apparatus for increasing the elastic limit and strength of a material |
GB969192A (en) * | 1959-09-26 | 1964-09-09 | Somerset Wire Company Ltd | A new or improved method of processing wire |
GB1044774A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1966-10-05 | Stein Walter | Improvements in or relating to the production of wire ropes for reinforcement purposes |
GB1343812A (en) * | 1972-06-29 | 1974-01-16 | British Ropes Ltd | Treating elongate metal elements |
GB1397748A (en) * | 1971-08-04 | 1975-06-18 | Uss Eng & Consult | Method and apparatus for length stabilization of a cable |
GB1586264A (en) * | 1976-09-14 | 1981-03-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Methods of continuously hot-stretching a steel cable and apparatus for performing the same |
-
1988
- 1988-02-20 GB GB8803992A patent/GB2214846A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB481207A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1938-03-08 | Petits Fils Francois Wendel | Improvements relating to freeing metallic pieces from their surface film of oxide |
GB838234A (en) * | 1956-08-06 | 1960-06-22 | Julius Georg Stefan Keller | Improved method of and apparatus for increasing the elastic limit and strength of a material |
GB969192A (en) * | 1959-09-26 | 1964-09-09 | Somerset Wire Company Ltd | A new or improved method of processing wire |
GB1044774A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1966-10-05 | Stein Walter | Improvements in or relating to the production of wire ropes for reinforcement purposes |
GB1397748A (en) * | 1971-08-04 | 1975-06-18 | Uss Eng & Consult | Method and apparatus for length stabilization of a cable |
GB1343812A (en) * | 1972-06-29 | 1974-01-16 | British Ropes Ltd | Treating elongate metal elements |
GB1586264A (en) * | 1976-09-14 | 1981-03-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Methods of continuously hot-stretching a steel cable and apparatus for performing the same |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0806257A1 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1997-11-12 | V.M.S. Holding A.G. | Driven machine for increasing the ductility of wire |
NL1003078C2 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1997-11-18 | Vms Holding Ag | Powered ductility machine. |
US6006573A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1999-12-28 | Van Merksteijn; Jacobus Lambertus | Driven ductility machine |
WO1999041029A1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-08-19 | Evg Entwicklungs- U. Verwertungsgesellschaft Mbh | Process and plant for manufacturing grates |
NL2009282C2 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Znd Draad B V | Method, apparatus and arrangement for manufacturing reinforcement steel, and reinforcement steel manufactured therewith. |
EP2862645A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-04-22 | Znd Draad B.V. | Method, apparatus and arrangement for manufacturing reinforcement steel, and reinforcement steel manufactured therewith |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8803992D0 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |