GB2106592A - Spark-ignition engine with an eccentric piston combustion chamber - Google Patents

Spark-ignition engine with an eccentric piston combustion chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2106592A
GB2106592A GB08227208A GB8227208A GB2106592A GB 2106592 A GB2106592 A GB 2106592A GB 08227208 A GB08227208 A GB 08227208A GB 8227208 A GB8227208 A GB 8227208A GB 2106592 A GB2106592 A GB 2106592A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
piston
internal combustion
cavity
squish
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08227208A
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GB2106592B (en
Inventor
Dusan Gruden
Walter Mittermeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Publication of GB2106592A publication Critical patent/GB2106592A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2106592B publication Critical patent/GB2106592B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The eccentrically located combustion chamber 9 in the piston 3 has substantially flat sloping side walls extending between the approximately eliptical opening 12 and the substantially flat approximately eliptical chamber bottom 11. The regions 18 and 18a of the piston head about the opening 12 approach the facing flat cylinder head surface to provide squish. A spark plug 20 and valve controlled inlet and exhaust ports 5 and 6 are located in the cylinder head (1), Fig. 1 (not shown), over the opening 12. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION An improved spark-ignition internal combustion engine The invention relates to a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the type having vertically disposed overhead valves, in which a combustion chamber part is formed by a cavity in the piston crown and a squish region is formed by a portion of the lower surface of the cylinder head and a corresponding portion of the surface of the piston crown.
It is known (German Offenlegungsschrift 3 110 986) to optimize the fuel consumption, exhaust gas emission and maximum performance of an internal combustion engine by influencing the constructional parameters with respect to the form of the combustion chamber and the compression ratio and by influencing the operating parameters with respect to the air actor and the ignition point. The measure of raising the flame propagation speed within the combustion chamber essentially contributes to this optimization and is obtained by means of known squish effects which particularly produce an intensive turbulence in the combustion chamber at the end of a compression stroke.
The object of the invention is to influence, in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the type specified, the constructional parameters of the form of the combustion chamber such that, while obtaining the highest possible maximum performance of the internal combustion engine, the fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission are reduced.
The present invention consists in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the type specified, wher ein the cavity is arranged eccentrically in the piston crown and has a frusto-conical cross-section with a generally ellipse-shaped base surface and a generally ellipse-shaped opening surface, a surface of the piston crown surrounds said opening surface producing a sickle-shaped and annular squish region with the centre of the sickle-shaped squish region being disposed opposite a spark plug.
The advantages which are mainly obtained with the invention lie in the fact that, owing to the improved form of the combustion chamber and the position of the squish surface, an accelerated controlled combustion of the charge is obtained. This has a favourable effect on the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, the fuel consumption and the exhaust gas emission.
In the accompanying drawings: Figure lisa vertical section through a portion of a cylinder head, cylinder block and piston of a spark -ignition internal combustion engine according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a side view, partly in section, of the piston shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a plan view of the piston shown in Figure 2 indicating an inlet and outlet duct, and Figure 4 is a schematic view from below of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a cylinder head 1, a cylinder block 2 and a piston 3.
The cylinder head 1 has an inlet duct 5 which co-operates with an outlet valve, (not illustrated).
The inlet valve 4 and the outlet valve are arranged vertically and extend parallel to the cylinder axis 7.
The combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is formed by a cavity 9 in the piston 3.
This cavity 9 is disposed eccentrically in the piston crown 10 and has a frusto-conical cross-section with a generally ellipse-shaped base surface 11 and a generally ellipse-shaped opening surface 12. The cavity 9 has a peripheral surface 23, which comprises two sections A and B of different curvature. One section B is arranged concentrically with respect to the central point M of the cylinder and the other section A is arranged eccentrically with respect to a central point M1 in the piston 3. The sections A and B converge approximately in a longitudinal plane 22 which extends parallel to the median longitudinal plane 19 of the piston 3 and in which the cavity 9 is at its broadest. The inlet valve 4 and the outlet valve are arranged adjacent each other in the cylinder head 1 in the plane 22.
The combustion chamber has a squish region 18 and 1 8a, which is formed buy a portion, which extends at a right angle to the cylinder axis 7, of the lower surface 14 of the cylinder head 1 and a corresponding portion which also extends at a right angle to the cylinder axis 7, of the piston crown surface 15.
In the present embodiment the entire squish region 18, 18a is formed by a surface which sur- rounds the elliptical opening surface 12 of the cavity 9 and which is formed from the larger "sickleshaped" region 18 positioned opposite a spark plug 20 and the other adjacent narrow annular region 18a. This annular region 18a extends approximately as far as the longitudinal plane 19 of the piston 3 and then passes into the sickle-shaped region 18. Its centre is opposite the spark plug 20, which is arranged in the cylinder head 1 on an axis which extends through the central point M1 of the eccentric section A. In the illustrated embodiment the spark plug is associated with the half of the piston 3 in which the cavity 9 is at its broadest and in which the concentrically curved section B of the peripheral surface 23 is provided.
The area of the entire squish surface 18 and 18a is 15 to 35% of the surface of the piston crown and the size of the squish gap 24 at the top dead centre position of the piston is 0.4 to 1.8 mm.
1. A spark-ignition, internal combustion engine having vertically disposed overhead valves, in which a combustion chamber part is formed by a cavity in the piston crown and a squish region is formed by a portion of the lower surface of the cylinder head and a corresponding portion of the surface of the piston crown, wherein the cavity is arranged eccentrically in the piston crown and has a frusto-conical cross -section with a generally ellipse-shaped base surface and a generally ellipse-shaped opening surface, a surface of the piston crown which surrounds said opening surface producing a sickle-shaped and annular squish region with the centre of the sickleshaped squish region being disposed opposite a
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (10)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION An improved spark-ignition internal combustion engine The invention relates to a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the type having vertically disposed overhead valves, in which a combustion chamber part is formed by a cavity in the piston crown and a squish region is formed by a portion of the lower surface of the cylinder head and a corresponding portion of the surface of the piston crown. It is known (German Offenlegungsschrift 3 110 986) to optimize the fuel consumption, exhaust gas emission and maximum performance of an internal combustion engine by influencing the constructional parameters with respect to the form of the combustion chamber and the compression ratio and by influencing the operating parameters with respect to the air actor and the ignition point. The measure of raising the flame propagation speed within the combustion chamber essentially contributes to this optimization and is obtained by means of known squish effects which particularly produce an intensive turbulence in the combustion chamber at the end of a compression stroke. The object of the invention is to influence, in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the type specified, the constructional parameters of the form of the combustion chamber such that, while obtaining the highest possible maximum performance of the internal combustion engine, the fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission are reduced. The present invention consists in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of the type specified, wher ein the cavity is arranged eccentrically in the piston crown and has a frusto-conical cross-section with a generally ellipse-shaped base surface and a generally ellipse-shaped opening surface, a surface of the piston crown surrounds said opening surface producing a sickle-shaped and annular squish region with the centre of the sickle-shaped squish region being disposed opposite a spark plug. The advantages which are mainly obtained with the invention lie in the fact that, owing to the improved form of the combustion chamber and the position of the squish surface, an accelerated controlled combustion of the charge is obtained. This has a favourable effect on the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, the fuel consumption and the exhaust gas emission. In the accompanying drawings: Figure lisa vertical section through a portion of a cylinder head, cylinder block and piston of a spark -ignition internal combustion engine according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a side view, partly in section, of the piston shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a plan view of the piston shown in Figure 2 indicating an inlet and outlet duct, and Figure 4 is a schematic view from below of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1. Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a cylinder head 1, a cylinder block 2 and a piston 3. The cylinder head 1 has an inlet duct 5 which co-operates with an outlet valve, (not illustrated). The inlet valve 4 and the outlet valve are arranged vertically and extend parallel to the cylinder axis 7. The combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is formed by a cavity 9 in the piston 3. This cavity 9 is disposed eccentrically in the piston crown 10 and has a frusto-conical cross-section with a generally ellipse-shaped base surface 11 and a generally ellipse-shaped opening surface 12. The cavity 9 has a peripheral surface 23, which comprises two sections A and B of different curvature. One section B is arranged concentrically with respect to the central point M of the cylinder and the other section A is arranged eccentrically with respect to a central point M1 in the piston 3. The sections A and B converge approximately in a longitudinal plane 22 which extends parallel to the median longitudinal plane 19 of the piston 3 and in which the cavity 9 is at its broadest. The inlet valve 4 and the outlet valve are arranged adjacent each other in the cylinder head 1 in the plane 22. The combustion chamber has a squish region 18 and 1 8a, which is formed buy a portion, which extends at a right angle to the cylinder axis 7, of the lower surface 14 of the cylinder head 1 and a corresponding portion which also extends at a right angle to the cylinder axis 7, of the piston crown surface 15. In the present embodiment the entire squish region 18, 18a is formed by a surface which sur- rounds the elliptical opening surface 12 of the cavity 9 and which is formed from the larger "sickleshaped" region 18 positioned opposite a spark plug 20 and the other adjacent narrow annular region 18a. This annular region 18a extends approximately as far as the longitudinal plane 19 of the piston 3 and then passes into the sickle-shaped region 18. Its centre is opposite the spark plug 20, which is arranged in the cylinder head 1 on an axis which extends through the central point M1 of the eccentric section A. In the illustrated embodiment the spark plug is associated with the half of the piston 3 in which the cavity 9 is at its broadest and in which the concentrically curved section B of the peripheral surface 23 is provided. The area of the entire squish surface 18 and 18a is 15 to 35% of the surface of the piston crown and the size of the squish gap 24 at the top dead centre position of the piston is 0.4 to 1.8 mm. CLAIMS
1. A spark-ignition, internal combustion engine having vertically disposed overhead valves, in which a combustion chamber part is formed by a cavity in the piston crown and a squish region is formed by a portion of the lower surface of the cylinder head and a corresponding portion of the surface of the piston crown, wherein the cavity is arranged eccentrically in the piston crown and has a frusto-conical cross -section with a generally ellipse-shaped base surface and a generally ellipse-shaped opening surface, a surface of the piston crown which surrounds said opening surface producing a sickle-shaped and annular squish region with the centre of the sickleshaped squish region being disposed opposite a spark plug.
2. An internal combustion engine as ciain.ec -.
claim 1, wherein the peripi-iil surface cf tr comprises two sections. one section extending concentrically and the other section extending eccentricalls with respect to the pistor.
3. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 2, wherein the two secxiL S of the cavity converge in a longitudinal plan. which extends parallel to the median longitudinal plane and in which the cavity is at its broadest.
4. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cavity is at its broadest in the surface half of the piston in which the spark plug is located.
5. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the concentric section of the peripheral surface of the cavity is disposed in the region of the spark plug.
6. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the spark plug is disposed at the central point of a section of an arc of curvature of the elliptical opening surface of the cavity, which section forms an inner boundary of the sickle-shaped squish region.
7. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the sickleshaped squish region and the annular squish region form a total area of 15 to 35% of the surface of the piston crown.
8. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the size of the gap in the squish regions is from 0.4 to 1.8 mm with the piston at top dead centre.
9. An internal combustion engine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet valve and the inlet valve are arranged adjacent each other in the longitudinal median plane of the cavity.
10. A spark-ignition, internal combustion engine substantially as described with reference tc, and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawings.
GB08227208A 1981-09-23 1982-09-23 Spark-ignition engine with an eccentric piston combustion chamber Expired GB2106592B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3137738A DE3137738C1 (en) 1981-09-23 1981-09-23 Internal combustion engine with external ignition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2106592A true GB2106592A (en) 1983-04-13
GB2106592B GB2106592B (en) 1985-08-14

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GB08227208A Expired GB2106592B (en) 1981-09-23 1982-09-23 Spark-ignition engine with an eccentric piston combustion chamber

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DE (1) DE3137738C1 (en)
ES (1) ES515866A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2513315B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2106592B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0174752A2 (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-19 Samuel J. Hepko Internal combustion engines
FR2739896A1 (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Combustion chamber for IC engine with shaped piston head
US6378481B1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2002-04-30 Christoph Conradty Four-stroke internal combustion engine with a rotary-spool valve

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3301070C1 (en) * 1981-09-23 1984-05-30 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with spark ignition

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR981088A (en) * 1948-02-20 1951-05-22 Austin Motor Co Ltd Improvements to the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines
GB1012100A (en) * 1963-06-27 1965-12-08 Ford Motor Co Internal combustion engine
US3150654A (en) * 1963-07-11 1964-09-29 Ford Motor Co Combustion chamber
NL6903912A (en) * 1968-03-15 1969-09-17
DE2512218B2 (en) * 1975-03-20 1979-07-19 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg Ag, 8500 Nuernberg Spark ignition four-stroke internal combustion engine with a combustion chamber arranged in the piston
JPS591329B2 (en) * 1979-03-05 1984-01-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 internal combustion engine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0174752A2 (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-19 Samuel J. Hepko Internal combustion engines
US4592312A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-06-03 Samuel Hepko High efficiency performance kinetic occlude system with rotary valve
EP0174752A3 (en) * 1984-09-12 1987-02-04 Samuel J. Hepko Internal combustion engines
FR2739896A1 (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Combustion chamber for IC engine with shaped piston head
US5862789A (en) * 1995-10-11 1999-01-26 Institute Francais De Petrole Applied ignition internal combustion engine whose pistons have elliptical recesses
US6378481B1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2002-04-30 Christoph Conradty Four-stroke internal combustion engine with a rotary-spool valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8306829A1 (en) 1983-06-01
GB2106592B (en) 1985-08-14
FR2513315B1 (en) 1985-08-16
DE3137738C1 (en) 1983-06-01
ES515866A0 (en) 1983-06-01
FR2513315A1 (en) 1983-03-25

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960923