GB2091292A - Separating Wax From Simmondsia Using Gas Under Supercritical Conditions - Google Patents
Separating Wax From Simmondsia Using Gas Under Supercritical Conditions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2091292A GB2091292A GB8137117A GB8137117A GB2091292A GB 2091292 A GB2091292 A GB 2091292A GB 8137117 A GB8137117 A GB 8137117A GB 8137117 A GB8137117 A GB 8137117A GB 2091292 A GB2091292 A GB 2091292A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- extraction
- separation
- pressure
- critical
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000221095 Simmondsia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000221096 Simmondsia chinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 CHF3 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004433 Simmondsia californica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002646 long chain fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B11/00—Recovery or refining of other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Wax is extracted from seed kernels of species of Simmondsia by means of gas under supercritical conditions, separation of the wax being achieved by providing sub-critical conditions, the gas being returned into the extraction stage and the wax being removed. CO2 is the preferred gas.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for the Separation of Valuable Matter from Plant Material
This invention relates to a method for the separation of valuable substances from plant matter.
Forty-five to fifty percent by weight of the total weight of fully ripened seed kernels of plants of the species Simmondsia (simmondsia chinensis and simmonsia california) consist of a fluid wax.
This wax is a mixture of long-chain fatty acid esters, the acid component of which is formed from higher, straight chain acids and the alcohol component of which is formed from higher, monovalent alcohols. Thus it differs substantially from normal plant oils, which, as is known, are triglycerides of glycerol. Owing to its good stability it has a variety of uses, for example as a carrier or excipient for cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations.
Methods used hitherto for the separation and isolation of the wax include cold or hot extrusion of the seed kernels, or the extraction of the wax with various solvents from the previously ground or compressed seed kernels.
Apart from the fact that with mechanical extrusion only approximately 60 to 70% of the wax content can be extracted, usual commercial qualities, which have been obtained by extrusion, still contain portions of cell matter. These portions of cell matter which are intrusive for many purposes, must be separated in further process steps. However, particular filtering methods, which use conventional filter media such as, for example, kieselguhr, silica gel, fuller's earth or alumina, in fact yield a product, which is free of solid components, but these filtering methods have an adverse influence on the stability of the wax. Thus, waxes purified by filtration through active media quickly become rancid and unusable when stored under normal conditions.
Methods of extraction of the wax components by means of solvents have not been used technically to date. Furthermore, products obtained in such a way still contain residues of solvent and without further purification operations they are consequently unusable for cosmetic or pharmaceutical purposes.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for the separation of valuable substances from plant matter, wherein seed kernels of species of Simmondsia are subjected to extraction in an extraction stage by means of a gas under supercritical conditions, thereby to obtain a phase containing valuable substances, and wherein this phase is transferred into a separation stage, where separation of the valuable substances occurs by providing or establishing subcritical conditions, whereby a substantially pure stable vegetable wax is obtained as the valuable substance, the gas being returned from the separation stage to the extraction stage.
In general, any gas which is physiologically harmless, and which is chemically inert to the plant wax, can be used as the extraction medium; such gases include for example: carbon dioxide, various halogenated hydrocarbons including, CHF3, CF3-CF3,CHCl-CF2,CF CF2=CH2, 2,CF3-CH3, CHF2-CH3,CHF2Cl, CF 3Cl, CF2=CF2, CF2Cl2, CCl3-CHCl2 and C3Fs, sulphur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide, and various hydrocarbons including ethane, ethene, propaner propene, etc. Mixtures of two or more of such gases may be used but carbon dioxide is particularly preferred.
In the extraction stage the seed kernels are exposed to the extraction medium under conditions such that the gas is supercritical both as regards temperature and also as regards pressure. The critical parameters of the gases mentioned above are well-known.
The temperature at which the extraction takes place is preferably in the range of from the critical temperature up to 500C, preferably up to 200C.
above the critical temperature, and the pressure is preferably in the range from the critical pressure up to 500 bar, preferably up to 350 bar above the critical pressure.
In the case where the extraction medium is carbon dioxide, the extraction is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range of from 31.3 to 800C., preferably 31.3 to 500C., and at a pressure in the range of from 72 to 600 bar, preferably 72 to 300 bar.
From the extraction stage, the phase containing the valuable matter is passed over into the separation stage in which separation of the valuable substances takes place by providing or establishing subcritical conditions. The temperature at which the separation takes place is preferably in the range of from the critical temperature to 1 50C. below the critical temperature, and the pressure is preferably in the range of from the critical pressure to 25 bar below the critical pressure.
In the case where the extraction medium is carbon dioxide, the separation is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the range of 31.3cm. to 1 50C. and at a pressure in the range from 72 to 45 bar.
By providing or establishing subcritical conditions in the separation stage, the solvent power of the extraction medium for the extracted valuable substances is reduced such that the latter separate in the separation stage from the extraction medium and can be carried off during the extraction process, for example through a sluice, or after the extraction process has been completed. Any aqueous components which have also been separated during the extraction process form a separate phase in the separation stage and can be separated from the wax without difficulty.
The extraction medium can be re-used directly without any further purification requiring intensive work and energy, so that no additional emission
problems arise. In order to be re-introduced into the extraction stage, the extraction medium
merely has to be converted into the supercritical state as regards temperature and pressure, i.e. the alteration in temperature and pressure which was made for separation is cancelled again.
The separated vegetable wax can be removed from the separation stage after the extraction is completed if the present process is conducted as a batch process. However, it is possible to remove the vegetable wax-e.g. via a sluice-if the present process is conducted as a continuous process. With both methods of operation extraction periods of 1 to 12 hours, preferably 3 to 7 hours, are sufficient, to obtain the end product in the purity desired.
With the present method therefore it is possible to obtain the desired product in a short time, thereby minimizing the overheads for apparatus, manpower and energy, and also to avoid any undue burden on the environment. The circulation of the extraction medium offers in particular the possibility of automating the process cycle and, consequently, of conducting the extraction in a particularly economical way.
The vegetable wax obtained can be supplied directly for utilization in foodstuffs, pharmaceutical or cosmetic products etc; however, it can also be hydrated and used as a hydrated product.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following Examples in which specific process conditions are identified as follows:~
Extraction container:
Pressure' P Temperature t Separation container:
Pressure P2
Temperature t2
Example 1
100 g. of previously ground seed kernels of
Simmondsia are loaded into an extraction container and extracted with carbon dioxide gas under supercritical conditions; separation is effected in a separate container and the process conditions are:~ P1 200 bar ti 400C.
P2 50 bar
t2 200C.
Extraction
time 4h 41 g. of a clear, light yellow wax are obtained and removed from the separation container; in addition, 3.5 g. water are isolated. 55 g. of a pulverulent de-oiled product remain in the extraction container.
The analysis of the wax was as follows C384luid ester approx. 10%
C40-fluid ester approx. 30%
C42-fluid ester approx. 50% C,-fluid ester approx. 10%
Example 2
100 g. of simmondsia seed kernels, stripped of the brown pellicle and ground, are loaded into the extraction container and extracted with carbon dioxide gas under supercritical conditions, and separation is effected under subcritical conditions, the process conditions being P1 300 bar ti 400C.
P2 50 bar
t2 200 C.
Extraction
time 4h 40 g. of a clear, light yellow fatty acid estermixture are removed from the separation container. In addition 7.5 g. water are separated and 53 g. of a pulverulent residue remains in the extraction vessel.
Example 3
100 g. of ground seed kernels of the
Simmondsia chinensis plant are treated with carbon dioxide gas under supercritical conditions and separation is effected under subcritical conditions, the process conditions being P1 150 bar ti 500C.
P2 50 bar
t2 200 C.
Extraction
time 4h 36 g. of a clear light yellow wax are recovered in.
the separation container, and in addition 3.5 g.
water are separated while 60 g. de-waxed base
material remain as a residue in the extraction - container.
Claims (10)
1. A method for the separation of valuable substances from plant matter, wherein seed
kernels of species of Simmondsia are subjected to
extraction in an extraction stage by means of a gas under supercritical conditions, thereby to obtain a phase containing valuable substances,
and wherein this phase is transferred into a
separation stage, where separation of the valuable substances occurs by providing or
establishing subcritical conditions, whereby a substantially pure stable vegetable wax is obtained as the valuable substance, the gas being
returned from the separation stage to the
extraction stage.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the
gas is carbon dioxide.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2,
wherein the temperature at which the extraction
takes place is from the critical temperature up to 500 C. above the critical temperature.
4. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature at which the
extraction takes place is from the critical temperature up to 200C. above the critical temperature.
5. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature at which the separation takes place is from the critical temperature to 1 50C. below the critical temperature.
6. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the pressure at which the extraction takes place is from the critical pressure up to 500 bar above the critical pressure.
7. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the pressure at which the extraction takes place is from the critical pressure up to 350 bar above the critical pressure.
8. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the pressure at which the separation takes place is from the critical pressure to 25 bar below the critical pressure.
9. A method for the separation of valuable substances from plant matter, substantially as hereinbefore described in any one of the foregoing Examples.
10. Vegetable wax obtained from seed kernels of species of Simmondsia by the method claimed in any preceding claim.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813101025 DE3101025A1 (en) | 1981-01-15 | 1981-01-15 | METHOD FOR ISOLATING VALUABLES FROM PLANT MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2091292A true GB2091292A (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| GB2091292B GB2091292B (en) | 1984-03-21 |
Family
ID=6122639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8137117A Expired GB2091292B (en) | 1981-01-15 | 1981-12-09 | Separating wax from simmondsia using gas under supercriticcal conditions |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57145195A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT372608B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7951282A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE891781A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD201915A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3101025A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK12982A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8306788A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI820074L (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2497823A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2091292B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR75832B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL64587A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1195293B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8105301A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO820104L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ199390A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT74018B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8200069L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA817997B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4466923A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1984-08-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from lipid-containing materials |
| US4675133A (en) * | 1983-06-25 | 1987-06-23 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Process for apparatus for the recovery of fats and oils |
| US5138075A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1992-08-11 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Extractive separation method |
| FR2799660A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-20 | Hitex | Production of active extract for use in cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food compositions, by extracting starting material with supercritical carbon dioxide containing cosolvent also serving as excipient in final composition |
| FR2865644A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-05 | Oreal | Producing a cosmetic composition for treating keratinic materials, especially hair, comprises percolating a fluid under pressure through an ester composition in solid or paste form |
| WO2006082437A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | The University Of York | Isolation and fractionation of waxes from plants |
| US7091366B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2006-08-15 | Thar Technologies, Inc. | Recovery of residual specialty oil |
| WO2007017205A3 (en) * | 2005-08-06 | 2007-03-29 | Degussa | Method for obtaining fruit wax |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3414977C2 (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1992-01-09 | Hopfenextraktion HVG Barth, Raiser & Co, 8069 Wolnzach | Process for the extraction of solids with compressed carbon dioxide |
| JPH0816233B2 (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1996-02-21 | 三井物産株式会社 | Process for producing purified propolis and O / W emulsion containing purified propolis component |
| DE102018001205A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-14 | Sven Miric | Method and apparatus for extracting and / or concentrating lipophilic molecules by means of liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2127596A1 (en) * | 1971-06-03 | 1972-12-21 | Hag Ag, 2800 Bremen | Process for the production of vegetable fats and oils. |
-
1981
- 1981-01-15 DE DE19813101025 patent/DE3101025A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-11-18 ZA ZA817997A patent/ZA817997B/en unknown
- 1981-11-20 PT PT74018A patent/PT74018B/en unknown
- 1981-11-23 NL NL8105301A patent/NL8105301A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-11-24 IT IT25240/81A patent/IT1195293B/en active
- 1981-12-03 FR FR8122666A patent/FR2497823A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-12-09 GB GB8137117A patent/GB2091292B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-09 DD DD81235587A patent/DD201915A5/en unknown
- 1981-12-18 IL IL64587A patent/IL64587A0/en unknown
- 1981-12-23 NZ NZ199390A patent/NZ199390A/en unknown
- 1981-12-29 AT AT0560081A patent/AT372608B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-01-08 SE SE8200069A patent/SE8200069L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-11 FI FI820074A patent/FI820074L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-13 JP JP57002916A patent/JPS57145195A/en active Pending
- 1982-01-13 BE BE0/207056A patent/BE891781A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-13 GR GR66999A patent/GR75832B/el unknown
- 1982-01-14 DK DK12982A patent/DK12982A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-01-14 AU AU79512/82A patent/AU7951282A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1982-01-14 NO NO820104A patent/NO820104L/en unknown
- 1982-01-14 ES ES508714A patent/ES8306788A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4466923A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1984-08-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from lipid-containing materials |
| US4675133A (en) * | 1983-06-25 | 1987-06-23 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Process for apparatus for the recovery of fats and oils |
| US5138075A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1992-08-11 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Extractive separation method |
| FR2799660A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-20 | Hitex | Production of active extract for use in cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food compositions, by extracting starting material with supercritical carbon dioxide containing cosolvent also serving as excipient in final composition |
| WO2001028649A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-26 | Hitex | Method for supercritical fluid extraction |
| US7091366B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2006-08-15 | Thar Technologies, Inc. | Recovery of residual specialty oil |
| FR2865644A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-05 | Oreal | Producing a cosmetic composition for treating keratinic materials, especially hair, comprises percolating a fluid under pressure through an ester composition in solid or paste form |
| WO2006082437A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | The University Of York | Isolation and fractionation of waxes from plants |
| WO2007017205A3 (en) * | 2005-08-06 | 2007-03-29 | Degussa | Method for obtaining fruit wax |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE891781A (en) | 1982-04-30 |
| FI820074L (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| IT8125240A0 (en) | 1981-11-24 |
| ES508714A0 (en) | 1983-06-01 |
| JPS57145195A (en) | 1982-09-08 |
| NZ199390A (en) | 1984-05-31 |
| ES8306788A1 (en) | 1983-06-01 |
| DD201915A5 (en) | 1983-08-17 |
| ZA817997B (en) | 1982-10-27 |
| AU7951282A (en) | 1982-07-22 |
| IL64587A0 (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| DE3101025A1 (en) | 1982-08-26 |
| AT372608B (en) | 1983-10-25 |
| GB2091292B (en) | 1984-03-21 |
| GR75832B (en) | 1984-08-02 |
| PT74018A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| NL8105301A (en) | 1982-08-02 |
| IT1195293B (en) | 1988-10-12 |
| ATA560081A (en) | 1983-03-15 |
| SE8200069L (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| PT74018B (en) | 1983-06-20 |
| FR2497823A1 (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| NO820104L (en) | 1982-07-16 |
| DK12982A (en) | 1982-07-16 |
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