GB2059563A - Method and apparatus for heating a fluid - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for heating a fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2059563A GB2059563A GB7933607A GB7933607A GB2059563A GB 2059563 A GB2059563 A GB 2059563A GB 7933607 A GB7933607 A GB 7933607A GB 7933607 A GB7933607 A GB 7933607A GB 2059563 A GB2059563 A GB 2059563A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- fluid
- engine
- heated
- conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
- F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
- F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
A method of and apparatus for heating a fluid comprising passing a cooling medium past an internal combustion engine (1) so as to cool the engine (1) and heat the cooling medium, employing the so-heated cooling medium to heat a heat- transfer medium of a heat pump (4), and employing the so-heated heat- transfer medium to heat the said fluid to a temperature higher than that to which the cooling medium is heated by the engine (1). The fluid may be used for space heating or to provide domestic hot water. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method and apparatus for heating a fluid
This invention concerns a method and an apparatus for heating a fluid and, although the invention is not so restricted, it is more particularly concerned with a method and an apparatus for employing waste heat from an internal combustion engine of a ship to effect space heating of accommodation spaces on the ship and/or to provide domestic hot water for those on board.
The majority of world shipping at the present time is powered by internal combustion diesel oil engines whose thermal efficiency is approximately 30%, about 30% of the heat being extracted in the engine cooling water, and thus going to waste, and a further 25% to 28% being lost in the exhaust gases.
For example, the engine cooling water heat losses on a 600 h.p. (45,624 Kilogram metres per second) engine of a small ship at 900 r.p.m., cruising speed amount to just over 50,000 B. Th.
U's per hour (277,800 centigrade heat units), whereas the amount of heat required to heat the accommodation spaces of such a small ship and to supply domestic hot water therefor is only 150,0GO B. Th U's (83,340 centigrade heat units). In theory, therefore, there is ample waste heat in the engine cooling water alone to provide such space heating and domestic hot water without having to use a marine domestic hot water boiler with its consequential fuel consumption and maintenance costs.
It is not practical, however, for the engine cooling water to be used directly in the ship's domestic heating system. This is because it is necessary to the efficient operation of the engine to maintain the temperature of the engine cooling water in the range 650C to 770C, whereas the radiators of the space heating system are designed to operate at a temperature in the range 820C to 880C. If such radiators are provided with water at, say, 100 to 1 50C below their design temperatures, their efficiency is reduced by 30%, and it is not practical to deal with this problem by enlarging the radiators since the available space on board would not permit it.
Moreover, the engine cooling water is liable to be contaminated, and if used directly in the said radiators could cause corrosion thereof.
Such corrosion could, of course, be avoided by using the engine cooling water to heat the domestic heating system indirectly by way of a heat exchanger. However, this would still further reduce the temperature at which the radiators would be operated.
Furthermore, it would not be practicable to employ a domestic hot water boiler to supplement the heat from the engine cooling water used in the ship's domestic heating system since there would then be a risk of back heating the engine cooling water to a temperature too high for the engine.
According, therefore, to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of heating a fluid comprising passing a cooling medium past an internal combustion engine so as to cool the engine and heat the cooling medium, employing the so heated cooling medium to heat a
heat-transfer medium of a heat pump, and
employing the so-heated heat-transfer medium to heat the said fluid to a temperature higher than that to which the cooling medium is heated by the engine.
The engine may be a main or auxiliary engine of
a ship, the cooling medium being water which is
itself cooled by sea water.
The said fluid may be used to effect space
heating and/or to provide domestic hot water.
The cooling medium may be heated by the
engine to a temperature in the range of 650C to
770C, the said fluid being heated by the heattransfer medium to a temperature in the range of
820C to 880C.
The heat-transfer medium preferably passes through a continuous cycle in which it is successively expanded to vaporise it, heated by the cooling medium while vaporised, compressed to liquefy it and raise its temperature, and cooled by passing it in heat exchange with the said fluid.
The compression of the heat-transfer medium may be effected by power derived from the exhaust gases of the engine.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for heating a fluid comprising a fluid conduit through which may flow a fluid to be heated; an internal combustion engine; a cooling medium conduit through which may flow a cooling medium to cool the engine and to be heated thereby; a heat pump comprising a heat-transfer medium conduit through which may flow a heat-transfer medium: a first heat exchanger through which pass the heat-transfer medium conduit, and the cooling medium conduit to permit the heat-transfer medium to be heated by the cooling medium; and a second heat exchanger through which passes the heat-transfer medium conduit and the fluid conduit to permit the said fluid to be heated by the heat-transfer medium; the heat pump being arranged in operation to heat the said fluid to a temperature higher than that to which the cooling medium is heated by the engine.
There may be connected in the heat transfer medium conduit an expansion valve in which liquefied heat-transfer medium passing therethrough is in operation expanded to vaporise it, and a compressor in which in operation the sovaporised heat-transfer medium is compressed so as to liquefy it and raise its temperature, the expansion valve being disposed upstream of the first heat exchanger, and the compressor being disposed downstream thereof.
There may be a by-pass passage through which heat-transfer medium may flow from the compressor to the expansion valve without passing through the second heat-exchanger.
The fluid conduit may be arranged to supply heated fluid to a space heating system. In this case, there may be a boiler for heating fluid passing to the space heating system, there being a conduit for passing fluid heated by the boiler to the engine to pre-heat the latter.
The invention is illustrated, merely by way of example, in the accompanying drawing which is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for heating a fluid according to the present invention.
Referring to the drawing, a cargo or other ship
has a main or auxiliary internal combustion diesel oil engine (or engines) 1 which is (or are) cooled by engine cooling water passing through a closed door cooling water conduit 2. The engine cooling water may enter the engine 1 at a temperature of substantially 650C, and may be heated by the engine 1 to a temperature of up to substantially 770C.
The engine cooling water which has been so heated passes through an evaporator 3 which acts as a heat exchanger in which the engine cooling water is in heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer medium flowing through a closed conduit 4. The engine cooling water which has been cooled as a result of passing through the evaporator 3 to a temperature of substantially 720C, is returned to the engine 1 in part by way of a by-pass conduit 5 and in part way of a sea-water cooler 6, which is cooled by a flow of sea-water.
Temperature controlled valves 7, 8 are employed to ensure that the amount of cooling water passed through the sea-water cooler 6 is appropriate to ensure that the engine cooling water enters the engine 1 at the temeprature of substantially 650C, whereby to ensure that the engine is not overheated.
The conduit 4 forms part of a heat pump whose heat-transfer medium is adapted to be vaporised by expansion and liquefied by compression. The heat-transfer medium employed should be inert, non-corrosive and non-toxic, and should desirably be capable of-working in the temperature range 450C to 9$or. The heat-transfer medium may be constituted by the refrigerant sold under the trade name R21.
The heat-transfer medium which flows through the conduit 4 passes through a continuous cycle in which it is successively expanded by passing through an expansion valve 10 so as to vaporise and cool it; is heated, while so vaporised, by passing through the evaporator 3 which is passes in heat exchange relationship with the engine cooling water; is compressed (e.g. to a pressure in the range 9-11 Kg/sq cm2) by a rotary pump or compressor 11 to liquefy it and raise its temperature; is cooled by passing it through a heat exchanger constituted by a condenser 12 where it is in heat exchange relationship with a flow of water passing through a water conduit 13; and is then returned by way of a filter drier 14 and a sight glass 1 5 to the expansion valve 10, where the heat-transfer medium is expanded again into a va9our.
The rotary compressor 11 has two compressor members 1 5, 1 6 which are mounted on a common drive shaft 17 driven by a motor 20. The motor 20 may be electrically driven but is preferably a turbo motor driven by exhaust gases from the engine 1, the exhaust gases passing to the motor 20 by way of a conduit 21. Another possibility is for the exhaust gases to heat a medium which is used to drive the said turbo motor.
The motor 20 may drive the shaft 17 by way of a belt and pulley drive (not shown), the rotational speed of the shaft 17 being variable by varying the size of the pulley.
The compressor members 1 5, 1 6 are connected respectively in branch conduits 4a, 4b of the conduit 4. The heat-transfer medium, which has been liquefied by the compressor members 1 5, 16, passes through oil separators 22, 23 in the branch conduits 4a, 4b respectively. The oil separators 22, 23 separate the heat-transfer medium from any oil picked up in the compressor members 1 5, 16, any such oil being passed back to the compressor members 1 5, 16 by way of oil coolers 24,25 respectively.
The water in the water conduit 13 may enter the condensor 12 at a temperature of substantially 71 0C and desirably leaves the condenser 12 at a temperature in the range of 820C to 880C. Thus the water in the water conduit 1 3 is heated, to a temperature higher than that to which the engine cooling water is heated by the engine 1.
The water in the water conduit 13 is used in a space heating system 26, e.g. for heating the space used by the crew of the ship. Moreover, some or all of this water may pass through an oilfired hot water boiler 27 which may be used as a stand-by source of heat. Alternatively, the water in the water conduit 13 may be used to heat a flow of warm air for use in space heating.
The water in the water conduit 13 may also be used for the production of domestic hot water. The domestic hot water system 26, however, should be such as to avoid back heating of the condenser 12.
The heat-transfer medium which has been compressed by the compressor members 15, 16, instead of passing to the condensor 12 to effect heating of the water in the water conduit 13, may be returned directly to the expansion valve 10 by way of a by-pass passage 28 provided with valves 29.
A pressure equalisation or pressure sensing pipe 30 is provided which extends from the expansion valve 10 to a point upstream of a valve 32 in the conduit 4. The pipe 30 is provided to ensure that the opening and closing of the expansion valve 10 is effected in dependence upon the pressure in the conduit 4 upstream of the valve 32.
The expansion valve 10 is opened and closed, so as to control the degree of evaporation by a capillary flow of heat-transfer medium through a sensing line 31.
An additional charge of heat-transfer medium may be passed to the conduit 4 through a pipe 33 having a valve 34 therein.
When the boiler 27 is in use, water heated thereby may be passed via a conduit 36 to pre heat the engine 1 when necessary.
An high temperature cut-out 40 is provided in the water conduit 1 3 downstream of the condenser 12. The high temperature cut-out 40 is responsive to the temperature of the water in the water conduit 13 and may be arranged to cut out the operation of the compressor 11 when the temperature of the said water reaches 930C or more.
An high pressure cut-out 41 is provided in the conduit 4 downstream of the condenser 12, and a low pressure cut-out 42 is provided in the conduit 41 immediately downstream of the evaporator 3.
The cut-outs 41,42 are responsive to the pressure of the heat-transfer medium in the conduit 4 and may be arranged to cut out the operation of the compressor 11 when the pressure of the heattransfer medium exceeds, say, 14 Kg/sq cm2, or is below, say 8 Kg/sq cm2. The low pressure cut-out 42 may also comprise an audible or visual alarm.
The apparatus shown in the drawing will enable the engine cooling water to heat the water in the water conduit 13 to a higher temperature without being itself back heated and thus without impairing the efficiency of the engine 1. Moreover, there is no chance of contaminated cooling water entering the space heating system 26.
The use of the apparatus shown in the drawing will enable one to use all the existing equipment on a ship at its full efficiency.
Furthermore, the water in the space heating system 26 will be well below boiling point, whereas if the engine exhaust gases, at a temperature of 3000C to 5000 C, were used to heat the water, there would be a danger of boiling it.
The apparatus is thus very suitable for unmanned engine rooms, and can be easily and inexpensively installed in an existing ship of any size.
Claims (14)
1. A method of heating a fluid comprising passing a cooling medium past an internal combustion engine so as to cool the engine and heat the cooling medium, employing the soheated cooling medium to heat a heat-transfer medium to heat pump, and employing the soheated heat-transfer medium to heat the said fluid to a temperature higher than that to which the cooling medium is heated by the engine.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the engine is a main or auxiliary engine of a ship, the cooling medium being water which is itself cooled by sea-water.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the said fluid is used to effect space heating.
4. A method as claimed in any preceding claim in which the said fluid is used to provide domestic hot water.
5. A method as claimed in any preceding claim in which the cooling medium is heated by the engine to a temperature in the range of 650C to 770C, the said fluid being heated by the heattransfer medium to a temperature in the range of 820Cto88C.
6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim in which the heat-transfer medium passes through a continuous cycle in which it is successively expanded to vaporise it, heated by the cooling medium while vaporised, compressed to liquefy it and raise its temperature, and cooled by passing it in heat exchange with the said fluid.
7. A method as claimed in any preceding claim in which the compression of the heat-transfer medium is effected by power derived from the exhaust gases of the engine.
8. Apparatus for heating a fluid comprising a fluid conduit through which may flow a fluid to be heated; an internal combustion engine; a cooling medium conduit through which may flow a cooling medium to cool the engine and to be heated thereby; a heat pump comprising a heattransfer medium conduit through which may flow a heat-transfer medium; a first heat exchanger through which pass the heat-transfer medium conduit and the cooling medium conduit to permit the heat-transfer medium to be heated by the cooling medium; and a second heat exchanger through which pass the heat-transfer medium conduit and the fluid conduit to permit the said fluid to be heated by the heat-transfer medium; the heat pump being arranged in operation to heat the said fluid to a temperature higher than that to which the cooling medium is heated by the engine.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 in which there is connected in the heat-trasfer medium conduit an expansion valve in which the liquefied heat-transfer medium passing therethrough is in operation expanded to vaporise it, and a compressor in which in operation the so-vaporised heat-transfer medium is compressed so as to liquefy it and raise its temperature, the expansion valve being disposed upstream of the first heat exchanger, and the compressor being disposed downstream thereof.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 in which there is a by-pass passage through which heattransfer medium may flow from the compressor to the expansion valve without passing through the second heat-exchanger.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 8-10 in which the fluid conduit is arranged to supply heated fluid to a space heating system.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 in which there is a boiler for heating fluid passing to the space heating system, there being a conduit for passing fluid heated by the boiler to the engine to pre-heat the latter.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 or 10 comprising means for driving the compressor from the exhaust gases of the engine.
14. A method of heating a fluid substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
1 5. Apparatus for heating a fluid substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7933607A GB2059563A (en) | 1979-09-27 | 1979-09-27 | Method and apparatus for heating a fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7933607A GB2059563A (en) | 1979-09-27 | 1979-09-27 | Method and apparatus for heating a fluid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2059563A true GB2059563A (en) | 1981-04-23 |
Family
ID=10508120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7933607A Withdrawn GB2059563A (en) | 1979-09-27 | 1979-09-27 | Method and apparatus for heating a fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2059563A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4805689A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1989-02-21 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Outdoor unit for a heat pump |
| US4907738A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1990-03-13 | Conserve, Inc. | Heat pump |
| CN109000464A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-14 | 李长利 | Multi-direction temperature transfer dryer |
-
1979
- 1979-09-27 GB GB7933607A patent/GB2059563A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4907738A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1990-03-13 | Conserve, Inc. | Heat pump |
| US4805689A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1989-02-21 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Outdoor unit for a heat pump |
| CN109000464A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-14 | 李长利 | Multi-direction temperature transfer dryer |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |