GB2058910A - Spark-ignition internal combustion engine adapted to operate with lean mixtures - Google Patents

Spark-ignition internal combustion engine adapted to operate with lean mixtures Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2058910A
GB2058910A GB8028233A GB8028233A GB2058910A GB 2058910 A GB2058910 A GB 2058910A GB 8028233 A GB8028233 A GB 8028233A GB 8028233 A GB8028233 A GB 8028233A GB 2058910 A GB2058910 A GB 2058910A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
engine
main combustion
spark
ignition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB8028233A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fiat Auto SpA
Original Assignee
Fiat Auto SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fiat Auto SpA filed Critical Fiat Auto SpA
Publication of GB2058910A publication Critical patent/GB2058910A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/02—Arrangements having two or more sparking plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B2023/085—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition using several spark plugs per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A pre-combustion chamber (12) communicates with a main combustion chamber (8), and respective sparks plugs (14, 16) are located in each combustion chamber. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Spark-ignition internal combustion engine adapted to operate with lean mixtures The present invention relates to an Otto cycle spark ignition internal combustion engine.
It has already been proposed (see French Patent application No. 78,36899 of the 29th December 1978) to provide a spark ignition internal combustion engine including, for each cylinder of the engine, a main combustion chamber, a pre-combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, and a spark plug located in the pre-combustion chamber.
Practical laboratory experiments carried out by the Applicants on several engines of the aforesaid type have shown that these, while giving a reduction in the noxious emissions of waste gases, do not function regularly in all operating conditions.
In order to avoid this disadvantage, the invention provides an internal combustion engine of the type specified above, characterised in that the said engine further includes a spark plug located in the said main combustion chamber.
The invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawing, provided purely by way of non-limitative example, which illustrates in section a detail of an engine according to the present invention.
The engine according to the present invention includes an engine block 1 formed with at least one cylinder 2 in which there is slidably mounted a piston 3. A piston pin 4 serves to articulate the piston 3 to one end of a connecting rod 5.
The engine further includes a cylinder head 6 which is mounted on the engine block 1 with the interposition of a gasket 6 and has a surface 6a facing the cylinder 1.
The surface 6a is provided in correspondence with this cylinder 1 with a cavity 6b which, together with the upper surface of the head of the piston 3, defines a main combustion chamber 8.
The wall of the cavity 6b has, in its turn, a cavity 9 in which a substantially cylindrical body 10 is force fitted. The body 10 has an internal cavity 11 which defines a pre-combustion chamber 1 2.
The pre-combustion chamber 1 2 communicates with the main combustion chamber 8 through an aperture 1 3 formed in the end of the cylindrical body 10 which faces into the main combustion chamber 8.
The engine further includes a first spark plug 1 4 screwed into a seat 1 5 and having its working end projecting into the cavity 11, adjacent the end of the body 10 which is opposite the aperture 1 3.
Naturally, the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 can be formed directly during casting the cylinder head 6 of the engine.
The engine further includes a second spark plug 1 6 located in correspondence with the main combustion chamber 8. The plug 1 6 is screwed into a seat 1 7 formed in the cylinder head 6 and has its active end projecting into the cavity 6b at a point diametrically opposite the aperture 1 3 which communicates the precombustion chamber 1 2 with the main combustion chamber 8.
The engine described above is able to function with lean air/petrol mixtures, that is mixtures with values of the air/petrol ratio greater than the maximum values acceptable in normal internal combustion spark ignition engines.
During the compression phase, the air supplied into the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 becomes very turbulent enabling the ignition of the lean mixture within this chamber. This turbulence is aided by the fact that the air arrives in the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 by passing through the aperture 1 3 having a restricted section. After the ignition of the mixture within the pre-combustion chamber 12, the difference in pressure between the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 and the main combustion chamber 8 causes a strong highenergy jet of flame to be emitted from the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 into the main combustion chamber 8, bringing about at the same time an increase in the turbulence of the mixture contained in the main combustion chamber 8.In the main combustion chamber ignition is initiated at various points in the zone of the cavity 6b subjected to the said jet of flame strikes.
The ignition induced by the spark plug 1 6 subsequently aids the burning and shortens the time necessary for combustion, such that combustion has finished before the piston 3 has moved away from its top dead centre position.
At the same time, a reduction in the quantity of un-burnt fuel in the waste gases discharged from the engine is achieved.
Naturally, various modifications can be made to the form and construction of the described internal combustion engine, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.
1. A spark-ignition internal combustion engine including, for each cylinder of the engine, a main combustion chamber, a precombustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, a spark plug located in the pre-combustion chamber, and a spark plug located in the main combustion chamber.
2. A spark-ignition internal combustion engine, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (2)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Spark-ignition internal combustion engine adapted to operate with lean mixtures The present invention relates to an Otto cycle spark ignition internal combustion engine. It has already been proposed (see French Patent application No. 78,36899 of the 29th December 1978) to provide a spark ignition internal combustion engine including, for each cylinder of the engine, a main combustion chamber, a pre-combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, and a spark plug located in the pre-combustion chamber. Practical laboratory experiments carried out by the Applicants on several engines of the aforesaid type have shown that these, while giving a reduction in the noxious emissions of waste gases, do not function regularly in all operating conditions. In order to avoid this disadvantage, the invention provides an internal combustion engine of the type specified above, characterised in that the said engine further includes a spark plug located in the said main combustion chamber. The invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawing, provided purely by way of non-limitative example, which illustrates in section a detail of an engine according to the present invention. The engine according to the present invention includes an engine block 1 formed with at least one cylinder 2 in which there is slidably mounted a piston 3. A piston pin 4 serves to articulate the piston 3 to one end of a connecting rod 5. The engine further includes a cylinder head 6 which is mounted on the engine block 1 with the interposition of a gasket 6 and has a surface 6a facing the cylinder 1. The surface 6a is provided in correspondence with this cylinder 1 with a cavity 6b which, together with the upper surface of the head of the piston 3, defines a main combustion chamber 8. The wall of the cavity 6b has, in its turn, a cavity 9 in which a substantially cylindrical body 10 is force fitted. The body 10 has an internal cavity 11 which defines a pre-combustion chamber 1 2. The pre-combustion chamber 1 2 communicates with the main combustion chamber 8 through an aperture 1 3 formed in the end of the cylindrical body 10 which faces into the main combustion chamber 8. The engine further includes a first spark plug 1 4 screwed into a seat 1 5 and having its working end projecting into the cavity 11, adjacent the end of the body 10 which is opposite the aperture 1 3. Naturally, the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 can be formed directly during casting the cylinder head 6 of the engine. The engine further includes a second spark plug 1 6 located in correspondence with the main combustion chamber 8. The plug 1 6 is screwed into a seat 1 7 formed in the cylinder head 6 and has its active end projecting into the cavity 6b at a point diametrically opposite the aperture 1 3 which communicates the precombustion chamber 1 2 with the main combustion chamber 8. The engine described above is able to function with lean air/petrol mixtures, that is mixtures with values of the air/petrol ratio greater than the maximum values acceptable in normal internal combustion spark ignition engines. During the compression phase, the air supplied into the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 becomes very turbulent enabling the ignition of the lean mixture within this chamber. This turbulence is aided by the fact that the air arrives in the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 by passing through the aperture 1 3 having a restricted section. After the ignition of the mixture within the pre-combustion chamber 12, the difference in pressure between the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 and the main combustion chamber 8 causes a strong highenergy jet of flame to be emitted from the pre-combustion chamber 1 2 into the main combustion chamber 8, bringing about at the same time an increase in the turbulence of the mixture contained in the main combustion chamber 8.In the main combustion chamber ignition is initiated at various points in the zone of the cavity 6b subjected to the said jet of flame strikes. The ignition induced by the spark plug 1 6 subsequently aids the burning and shortens the time necessary for combustion, such that combustion has finished before the piston 3 has moved away from its top dead centre position. At the same time, a reduction in the quantity of un-burnt fuel in the waste gases discharged from the engine is achieved. Naturally, various modifications can be made to the form and construction of the described internal combustion engine, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention. CLAIMS
1. A spark-ignition internal combustion engine including, for each cylinder of the engine, a main combustion chamber, a precombustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, a spark plug located in the pre-combustion chamber, and a spark plug located in the main combustion chamber.
2. A spark-ignition internal combustion engine, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB8028233A 1979-09-06 1980-09-02 Spark-ignition internal combustion engine adapted to operate with lean mixtures Withdrawn GB2058910A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT68773/79A IT1165702B (en) 1979-09-06 1979-09-06 EIGHT CYCLE ENDOTHERMAL MOTOR WITH IGNITION COMMANDED ABLE TO OPERATE MIXED EXTRAMAGRA

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2058910A true GB2058910A (en) 1981-04-15

Family

ID=11310542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8028233A Withdrawn GB2058910A (en) 1979-09-06 1980-09-02 Spark-ignition internal combustion engine adapted to operate with lean mixtures

Country Status (5)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5696115A (en)
DE (1) DE8023753U1 (en)
FR (1) FR2465074B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2058910A (en)
IT (1) IT1165702B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0226941A2 (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-07-01 Isuzu Motors Limited Combustion chamber for internal combustion engines
CN108590871A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-09-28 重庆隆鑫发动机有限公司 The cylinder head and aero-engine of heavy fuel burning engine
CN108757203A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-11-06 重庆隆鑫发动机有限公司 The dual ignition plug cylinder head assembly and aero-engine of heavy fuel burning engine
EP3453856A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-13 FCA Italy S.p.A. Gasoline internal combustion engine, with a combustion pre-chamber and two spark plugs

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022207299A1 (en) 2022-07-18 2024-01-18 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB773700A (en) * 1900-01-01
FR758784A (en) * 1932-04-30 1934-01-23 Improvements to internal combustion engines
IT12706A (en) * 1969-02-11
JPS5625947B2 (en) * 1973-05-16 1981-06-16
US4287862A (en) * 1977-10-03 1981-09-08 Nippon Soken, Inc. Otto-cycle internal combustion engine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0226941A2 (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-07-01 Isuzu Motors Limited Combustion chamber for internal combustion engines
EP0226941A3 (en) * 1985-12-10 1988-03-30 Isuzu Motors Limited Combustion chamber for internal combustion engines
EP3453856A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-13 FCA Italy S.p.A. Gasoline internal combustion engine, with a combustion pre-chamber and two spark plugs
US10612454B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2020-04-07 Maserati S.P.A. Gasoline internal combustion engine, with a combustion pre-chamber and two spark plugs
CN108590871A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-09-28 重庆隆鑫发动机有限公司 The cylinder head and aero-engine of heavy fuel burning engine
CN108757203A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-11-06 重庆隆鑫发动机有限公司 The dual ignition plug cylinder head assembly and aero-engine of heavy fuel burning engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1165702B (en) 1987-04-22
IT7968773A0 (en) 1979-09-06
DE8023753U1 (en) 1981-08-20
FR2465074A1 (en) 1981-03-20
JPS5696115A (en) 1981-08-04
FR2465074B1 (en) 1986-04-04

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)