GB2036881A - Wind Turbine Driven Generator Plant - Google Patents

Wind Turbine Driven Generator Plant Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2036881A
GB2036881A GB7848765A GB7848765A GB2036881A GB 2036881 A GB2036881 A GB 2036881A GB 7848765 A GB7848765 A GB 7848765A GB 7848765 A GB7848765 A GB 7848765A GB 2036881 A GB2036881 A GB 2036881A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
speed
wind
rotor
generator
generators
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Application number
GB7848765A
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to GB7848765A priority Critical patent/GB2036881A/en
Publication of GB2036881A publication Critical patent/GB2036881A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G21/00—Supporting or protective framework or housings for endless load-carriers or traction elements of belt or chain conveyors
    • B65G21/20—Means incorporated in, or attached to, framework or housings for guiding load-carriers, traction elements or loads supported on moving surfaces
    • B65G21/2045—Mechanical means for guiding or retaining the load on the load-carrying surface
    • B65G21/2063—Mechanical means for guiding or retaining the load on the load-carrying surface comprising elements not movable in the direction of load-transport
    • B65G21/209—Mechanical means for guiding or retaining the load on the load-carrying surface comprising elements not movable in the direction of load-transport for augmenting or creating a pression force between the load and the load-carrying surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/1016—Purpose of the control system in variable speed operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The plant uses one, two or more standard generators (and or change pole or pole amplitude modulation machines) all linked to a common driving shaft and offering a range of different synchronous speeds such that the wind turbine rotor is always allowed to work at or near its optimum efficiency. Switching from one speed to another either on a single generator or between two generators is initiated by a wind speed sensing unit. Slip couplings, aero and mechanical brakes may be used to aid the switching process. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Stepped Speed Generator Scheme For Wind Driven Turbine Background A wind turbine only works at its best efficiency at a single tip speed ratio, that is blade tip speed divided by the free flow wind velocity (Vo) see Fig.
1. But the wind rotor is expected to work over a wide range of wind speeds and therefore to maintain high efficiency the rotor's angular velocity must be linearly related to Vo. This creates a difficulty for any standard wind turbine driven electrical generator from which constant voltage and frequency is required. To date, all the published electrical engineering solutions to obtain constant voltage and frequency from variable speed wind turbines have involved the use of commutator machines or solid state power processing. The extra cost of these proposals has very often grossly exceeded the improved return arising from the higher efficiency. The majority of grid feeding turbines built to date have, therefore, had fixed rotor speeds (save for small speed increments arising from the slip on induction generators) and the inevitable inefficiencies have been accepted.
An associated probiem arises because the power in the wind is a function of the cube of the Vo so that the power available increases eightfold for any doubling of the windspeed. In practice, this means that once a certain wind speed has been chosen as the rated output from the generator (Vr), then the range of windspeeds over which generation can be expected is from .7 Vr to 1.3 Vr approx. The lower limit is set by poor part load efficiencies of the generator and the upper limit by fears for the safety of the rotor.
The result of these two difficulties is that a fixed speed, grid feeding turbine at a site with a typical U.K. wind frequency distribution only supplies approx. 52% of its annual practical potential and only works for some 48% of the time. These percentages will vary a little according to the wind speed adopted for Vr.
Proposed Scheme Both problems are resolved by the use of one, two or more generators designed to work at different rotational speeds and linked to the rotor via a common driving shaft. Switching between speeds and generators will be initiated by an anemometer which assesses the mean wind speed every 20-30 minutes, though other periods are possible. General arrangements are shown on Fig. 2. Couplings are indicated and these may or may not be included. They would allow the rotor to start up without the attendant drag of the generators and subsequently to allow GEN I to work without the drag of Gen II and vice versa. These clutch couplings will allow a degree of slip to reduce transient shocks to the gearbox and rotor when switching is initiated.
Example The following example relates to a grid feeding turbine on a site where the annual mean wind speed is 6 m/s and the wind frequency distribution is typical of the U.K. During low windspeeds (Vo) of between 5.5 and 7.5 m/s Gen I with an angular velocity of n allows the rotor to work at or very close to its optimum efficiency.
When the anemometer assesses the 20 to 30 minute mean windspeed to have risen to between 7.5 and 9.5 m/s it initiates pole switching or pole amplitude modulation to allow the generator to work at a speed of 1.33 n. The generator may briefly act as a motor while it runs up to this new speed or it may be disconnected while the rotor freely accelerates to its new optimum working speed. This mode of optimised rotor speed/wind speed continues until the anemometer assesses a mean Vo of above 9.5 m/s. At that time Gen I is switched off, the rotor speed is allowed to freely increase to 1.5 n when Gen II is switched in. This mode continues in a rising Vo until shutdown is initiated at 1 6-1 8 m/s.The reverse sequence of switching occurs in a falling Vo when the higher speed generator is switched off and the lower speed generator (if asynchronous type) is switched in thereby pulling the rotor speed down to the new level. Alternatively an aero and/or mechanical and/or electrical brake may be used for the same purpose. At sites with very high annual mean wind speeds of say 9-14 m/s it will be necessary to use 3 or 4 generators. This is shown in Fig. 3.
Results By using this scheme the output per annum of the wind turbine rises to 90% of the practical maximum and the set operates for over 64% of the year.
Claims
One, two, three or more generators linked to a single wind driven rotor via a gearbox, if required, shafting and such slip clutches as may be required where a wind sensor assesses the ambient wind speed and initiates switching on a single generator (pole changing or pole amplitude modulation) or from one generator to another generator or from one or more generators to one or more generators in such a manner that the resultant synchronous speed of the generator(s) or synchronous speed plus slip speed is such that the wind rotor is allowed to rotate at or near its optimum speed for the prevailing ambient wind speed.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (3)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Stepped Speed Generator Scheme For Wind Driven Turbine Background A wind turbine only works at its best efficiency at a single tip speed ratio, that is blade tip speed divided by the free flow wind velocity (Vo) see Fig.
1.3 Vr approx. The lower limit is set by poor part load efficiencies of the generator and the upper limit by fears for the safety of the rotor.
The result of these two difficulties is that a fixed speed, grid feeding turbine at a site with a typical U.K. wind frequency distribution only supplies approx. 52% of its annual practical potential and only works for some 48% of the time. These percentages will vary a little according to the wind speed adopted for Vr.
Proposed Scheme Both problems are resolved by the use of one, two or more generators designed to work at different rotational speeds and linked to the rotor via a common driving shaft. Switching between speeds and generators will be initiated by an anemometer which assesses the mean wind speed every 20-30 minutes, though other periods are possible. General arrangements are shown on Fig.
2. Couplings are indicated and these may or may not be included. They would allow the rotor to start up without the attendant drag of the generators and subsequently to allow GEN I to work without the drag of Gen II and vice versa. These clutch couplings will allow a degree of slip to reduce transient shocks to the gearbox and rotor when switching is initiated.
Example The following example relates to a grid feeding turbine on a site where the annual mean wind speed is 6 m/s and the wind frequency distribution is typical of the U.K. During low windspeeds (Vo) of between 5.5 and 7.5 m/s Gen I with an angular velocity of n allows the rotor to work at or very close to its optimum efficiency.
When the anemometer assesses the 20 to 30 minute mean windspeed to have risen to between 7.5 and 9.5 m/s it initiates pole switching or pole amplitude modulation to allow the generator to work at a speed of 1.33 n. The generator may briefly act as a motor while it runs up to this new speed or it may be disconnected while the rotor freely accelerates to its new optimum working speed. This mode of optimised rotor speed/wind speed continues until the anemometer assesses a mean Vo of above 9.5 m/s. At that time Gen I is switched off, the rotor speed is allowed to freely increase to 1.5 n when Gen II is switched in. This mode continues in a rising Vo until shutdown is initiated at 1 6-1 8 m/s.The reverse sequence of switching occurs in a falling Vo when the higher speed generator is switched off and the lower speed generator (if asynchronous type) is switched in thereby pulling the rotor speed down to the new level. Alternatively an aero and/or mechanical and/or electrical brake may be used for the same purpose. At sites with very high annual mean wind speeds of say 9-14 m/s it will be necessary to use 3 or 4 generators. This is shown in Fig.
3.
Results By using this scheme the output per annum of the wind turbine rises to 90% of the practical maximum and the set operates for over 64% of the year.
Claims
One, two, three or more generators linked to a single wind driven rotor via a gearbox, if required, shafting and such slip clutches as may be required where a wind sensor assesses the ambient wind speed and initiates switching on a single generator (pole changing or pole amplitude modulation) or from one generator to another generator or from one or more generators to one or more generators in such a manner that the resultant synchronous speed of the generator(s) or synchronous speed plus slip speed is such that the wind rotor is allowed to rotate at or near its optimum speed for the prevailing ambient wind speed.
1. But the wind rotor is expected to work over a wide range of wind speeds and therefore to maintain high efficiency the rotor's angular velocity must be linearly related to Vo. This creates a difficulty for any standard wind turbine driven electrical generator from which constant voltage and frequency is required. To date, all the published electrical engineering solutions to obtain constant voltage and frequency from variable speed wind turbines have involved the use of commutator machines or solid state power processing. The extra cost of these proposals has very often grossly exceeded the improved return arising from the higher efficiency. The majority of grid feeding turbines built to date have, therefore, had fixed rotor speeds (save for small speed increments arising from the slip on induction generators) and the inevitable inefficiencies have been accepted.
An associated probiem arises because the power in the wind is a function of the cube of the Vo so that the power available increases eightfold for any doubling of the windspeed. In practice, this means that once a certain wind speed has been chosen as the rated output from the generator (Vr), then the range of windspeeds over which generation can be expected is from .7 Vr to
GB7848765A 1978-12-15 1978-12-15 Wind Turbine Driven Generator Plant Withdrawn GB2036881A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7848765A GB2036881A (en) 1978-12-15 1978-12-15 Wind Turbine Driven Generator Plant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7848765A GB2036881A (en) 1978-12-15 1978-12-15 Wind Turbine Driven Generator Plant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2036881A true GB2036881A (en) 1980-07-02

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ID=10501766

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7848765A Withdrawn GB2036881A (en) 1978-12-15 1978-12-15 Wind Turbine Driven Generator Plant

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3232965A1 (en) * 1982-09-04 1984-03-15 Walter 5300 Bonn Schönball Method for controlling wind power plants
ES2140301A2 (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-02-16 Torres Martinez M Wind-powered generator
EP1363019A2 (en) * 2002-05-18 2003-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multistage wind turbine with coupling system
WO2004107462A1 (en) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-09 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Method, apparatus and system for controlling an electric machine
DE102004004350B3 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-09-01 Nordex Energy Gmbh Method for reducing the speed of a drive train in a wind turbine and wind turbine with at least two rated speeds
WO2006042401A1 (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Whalepower Corporation Turbine and compressor employing tubercle leading edge rotor design
US7095129B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-08-22 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for rotor load control in wind turbines
AT507396A3 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-12-15 Gerald Dipl Ing Hehenberger ENERGY EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THIS
CN102606402A (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-25 刘凤德 All-weather wind power generator
WO2012162847A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 Hans Wepfer Wind turbine installation
ITMI20112323A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Wilic Sarl WIND POWER PLANT FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
FR3011043A1 (en) * 2013-09-26 2015-03-27 Hassan Zineddin WIND GENERATOR BLOCK
EP2911260A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for feeding wind power generated electric energy into an electricity network
EP2911286A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for feeding wind power generated electric energy into an electricity network
CN108757340A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-11-06 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 A kind of high speed shaft of aerogenerator real-time status of the operation monitoring method and system
CN113357091A (en) * 2021-07-06 2021-09-07 三一重能股份有限公司 Wind driven generator and wind driven generator control method

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3232965A1 (en) * 1982-09-04 1984-03-15 Walter 5300 Bonn Schönball Method for controlling wind power plants
ES2140301A2 (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-02-16 Torres Martinez M Wind-powered generator
EP1363019A3 (en) * 2002-05-18 2010-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multistage wind turbine with coupling system
EP1363019A2 (en) * 2002-05-18 2003-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multistage wind turbine with coupling system
WO2004107462A1 (en) * 2003-06-03 2004-12-09 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Method, apparatus and system for controlling an electric machine
US6873071B2 (en) 2003-06-03 2005-03-29 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Method, apparatus and system for controlling an electric machine
DE102004004350B3 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-09-01 Nordex Energy Gmbh Method for reducing the speed of a drive train in a wind turbine and wind turbine with at least two rated speeds
US7095129B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-08-22 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for rotor load control in wind turbines
CN101107441B (en) * 2004-10-18 2013-11-20 惠尔电力公司 Turbine and compressor employing tubercle leading edge rotor design
US8535008B2 (en) 2004-10-18 2013-09-17 Whale-Power Corporation Turbine and compressor employing tubercle leading edge rotor design
WO2006042401A1 (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Whalepower Corporation Turbine and compressor employing tubercle leading edge rotor design
AT507396A3 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-12-15 Gerald Dipl Ing Hehenberger ENERGY EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THIS
CN102606402A (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-25 刘凤德 All-weather wind power generator
WO2012162847A1 (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 Hans Wepfer Wind turbine installation
ITMI20112323A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Wilic Sarl WIND POWER PLANT FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
WO2013093855A3 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-09-12 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind power turbine for generating electric energy
US9217414B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2015-12-22 Windfin B.V. Wind power turbine for generating electric energy
FR3011043A1 (en) * 2013-09-26 2015-03-27 Hassan Zineddin WIND GENERATOR BLOCK
EP2911260A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for feeding wind power generated electric energy into an electricity network
EP2911286A1 (en) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for feeding wind power generated electric energy into an electricity network
CN108757340A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-11-06 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 A kind of high speed shaft of aerogenerator real-time status of the operation monitoring method and system
CN113357091A (en) * 2021-07-06 2021-09-07 三一重能股份有限公司 Wind driven generator and wind driven generator control method

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