GB2027806A - Fuel injector - Google Patents
Fuel injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2027806A GB2027806A GB7928732A GB7928732A GB2027806A GB 2027806 A GB2027806 A GB 2027806A GB 7928732 A GB7928732 A GB 7928732A GB 7928732 A GB7928732 A GB 7928732A GB 2027806 A GB2027806 A GB 2027806A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle hole
- pintle
- diameter
- length
- fuel injector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
A needle valve (3) has a pintle (5) penetrating at least part of the length of a nozzle hole (1) when the needle valve (3) is closed, wherein the length (L) of the nozzle hole (1) is smaller than or equal to the diameter (D) of the nozzle hole (7). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fuel injector
This invention relates to a fuel injector for aircompression, direct-injection internal combustion engines, particularly but not exclusively for internal combustion engines in which the fuel is deposited on the combustion chamber wall, the fuel injector being formed as a pintle nozzle the pintle of which penetrates fully or partly into the nozzle hole when the needle valve of the injector is closed.
Injectors of this type are disclosed in German Patent Publication No. 1 026 572. These injectors provide improved atomization of the fuel at the lower speeds and/or loads of the engine and thereby faster and more uniform mixing of the fuel directly with the air for combustion. Only in the upper speed and/or loads is injection effected by a solid jet which, depending on the mixture formation method used, penetrates to a point close to the combustion chamber wall or is even applied to it in a greater or lesser proportion in order to achieve progressive combustion and thereby the reduction of excessive peak pressures.
It has been found in the case of such injectors that residues tend to deposit at the lower edge of the nozzle body and, in particular, in the lower part of the nozzle hole, these deposits forming at a pronounced rate during the initial hours of operation of the injector.
These deposits reduce the free cross-sectional area of the nozzle holw which generally results in a decrease of the amount of fuel injected which may be accompanied by an increase in the injection pressure. Since these deposits only seldom form symmetrically in the nozzle hole and around it, the fuel spray produced tends to be asymmetrical and deflected from its original direction which is liable to affect adversely mixture formation. Consequently, combustion at idling and at lower speeds and/or loads is also affected adversely because the predetermined pattern of fuel distribution in the combustion chamber and, consequently, preparation of the fuel for combustion, over the full range of operation is not constant over an extended period of operation.
The drawbacks referred to primarily result in a deterioration of smoke and fuel consumption figures and an increase in the concentration of obnoxious exhaust gas constituents, in particular unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Furthermore, susceptibility of blue smoke formation at no load and at lower loads increases because too much fuel tends to reach the relatively cold combustion chamber wall.
An object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector of the type initially described which avoids the drawbacks cited, i.e. prevents carbon deposits and the formation of residues in the lower parts of the nozzle hole.
The invention provides a fuel injector for an air-compression, direct-injection internal com
bustion engine, the injector comprising a needle valve having a pintle penetrating fully or
partly into a nozzle hole when the needle valve is closed, wherein the length of the nozzle hole is smaller than or, at the most equal to the diameter of the nozzle hole.
The original concept underlying the invention was to make the pintle the same length as the nozzle hole so as to cause the reciprocating pintle to keep the hole clean and protected against the hot gases. Moreover this configuration left no space where fuel particles were liable to deposit at the end of the injection cycle to come into contact with the hot gases thus eliminating the risk of carbon deposits altogether.
But then it was found that the length of the nozzle hole was not sufficient for some injection cycles in order to produce a sufficiently compact fuel jet. This meant that the basic concept of the invention had to be developed further and it was eventually discovered that the depth to which the pintle plunged into the nozzle hole need not absolutely equal the length of the nozzle hole in order to prevent carbon deposits. This has led to a study of the interrelationship between the length and the diameter of the nozzle hole culminating in the discovery of a certain ratio which must not be exceeded and which fully characterizes the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention if the diameter of the nozzle hole is between 0.8 and 1 mm and assuming L/DaE/D the ratios E/D and L/D30.2 and < 1, and with a ratio E/D = 0.2, the ratio L/D is between 0.2 and 0.75, and with a ratio of L/D between 0.75 and 1, the ratio E/D rises continuously from 0.2 to 0.25, where L denotes the length and D the diameter of the nozzle hole and E the depth to which the pintle penetrates into the nozzle hole.
If the design of the injector is within this delimited range, which, however, also taken into account the penetration depth of the pintle, then such favourable conditions are obtained that carbon deposits are not liable to occur in the nozzle hole either.
The invention will now be described with reference to two embodiments shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figures 1 and 2 each show in part-section the lower part of an injector according to the invention formed as a pingle nozzle;
Figure 3 is a graph showing the range within which the injector according to the invention is variable in order to prevent carbon deposits.
Figs. 1 and 2 show part of a nozzle body 2 formed with a nozzle hole 1 with a nozzle needle 3 contacting its valve seat 4 in the closed position. The nozzle needle 3 is axially extended to form a pintle 5 which is shown penetrating to different depths into the nozzle hole 1 in the two figures.
It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the penetration depth E of the pintle 5 in the nozzle hole 1 corresponds to the length L of the nozzle hole 1. The length L is smaller than the diameter D of the nozzle hole 1.
Fig. 2 shows the border-line case in which the length L is equal to the diameter D of the nozzle hole 1. While the penetration depth E of the pintle 5 is smaller, there will be no coke deposits forming either.
It should be noted that the design of the free end 6 of the pintle 5 need not be necessarily as shown in the illustration, but may have any other shape.
Fig. 3 shows a graph with the ratio of the penetration depth of the pintle 5 to the diameter of the nozzle hole 1 (E/D) plotted on the ordinate 7, and the ratio of the length of the nozzle hole 1 to the diameter (L/D) on the abscissa (8). The hatched area shows the range in which the injectors may be designed with a diameter of the nozzle hole between 0.8 and 1 mm without the danger of carbon deposits arising. It can be readily noted that the ratio L/D if it is not to exceed unity, which is indicated by the sloping boundary line 9. The ratios E/D and L/D are greater than or at least equal to 0.2 and smaller than or at the most equal to 1 as indicated by points 10, 11, respectively. It can be seen from line 1 2 that with a constant ratio of
E/D = 0.2, the ratio L/D is between 0.2 and 0.75, and, finally, the slightly sloping line 1 3 shows that, with a ratio of L/D between 0.75 and 1, the ratio E/D rises continuously from 0.2 to 0.25.
Claims (3)
1. A fuel injector for an air-compression, direct-injection internal combustion engine, the injector comprising a needle valve having a pintle penetrating fully or partly into a nozzle hole when the needle valve is closed, wherein the length of the nozzle hole is smaller than or, at the most equal to the diameter of the nozzle hole.
2. A fuel injector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the nozzle hole is between 0.8 and 1 mm, L/DaE/D, the ratios
E/D and L/D are 30.2 and 41, and when
E/D = 0.2, the ratio L/D is between 0.2 and 0.75, and when L/D is between 0.75 and 1, the ratio E/D rises continuously from 0.2 to 0.25, where L is the length and D the diameter of the nozzle hole, and E is the depth to which the pintle penetrates into the nozzle hole.
3. A fuel injector substantially as herein described with reference to any one of tha embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2836095A DE2836095C2 (en) | 1978-08-17 | 1978-08-17 | Fuel injection nozzle for air-compressing internal combustion engines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2027806A true GB2027806A (en) | 1980-02-27 |
| GB2027806B GB2027806B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
Family
ID=6047303
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7928732A Expired GB2027806B (en) | 1978-08-17 | 1979-08-17 | Fuel injector |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS5569755A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT365745B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH638275A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD145782A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2836095C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2433643A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2027806B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU179522B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN151738B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1122730B (en) |
| RO (1) | RO76428A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE443024B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU876068A3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140060481A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus of producing laminar flow through a fuel injection nozzle |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3118485C2 (en) * | 1981-05-09 | 1986-12-04 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injector for internal combustion engines |
| DE3735505A1 (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-04-28 | Elsbett L | Pintle nozzle |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL70310C (en) * | 1946-08-28 | |||
| US2647015A (en) * | 1951-03-17 | 1953-07-28 | American Locomotive Co | Fuel injector |
| GB725379A (en) * | 1952-06-17 | 1955-03-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Improvements in fuel injection nozzles for internal combustion engines |
| CH313644A (en) * | 1952-06-17 | 1956-04-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injector for internal combustion engines |
| DE1026572B (en) * | 1956-11-16 | 1958-03-20 | Friedmann & Maier Ag | Injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
| JPS5320606B2 (en) * | 1971-11-17 | 1978-06-28 |
-
1978
- 1978-08-17 DE DE2836095A patent/DE2836095C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-07-31 CH CH704679A patent/CH638275A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-08-08 IT IT24984/79A patent/IT1122730B/en active
- 1979-08-13 DD DD79214945A patent/DD145782A1/en unknown
- 1979-08-14 FR FR7920656A patent/FR2433643A1/en active Granted
- 1979-08-15 RO RO7998457A patent/RO76428A/en unknown
- 1979-08-15 SE SE7906838A patent/SE443024B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-08-16 HU HU79MA3192A patent/HU179522B/en unknown
- 1979-08-16 AT AT0555379A patent/AT365745B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-08-16 JP JP10363079A patent/JPS5569755A/en active Pending
- 1979-08-17 GB GB7928732A patent/GB2027806B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-17 SU SU792803644A patent/SU876068A3/en active
- 1979-08-20 IN IN862/CAL/79A patent/IN151738B/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-08-10 JP JP1988104976U patent/JPH01113159U/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140060481A1 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus of producing laminar flow through a fuel injection nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2433643B1 (en) | 1984-03-09 |
| JPH01113159U (en) | 1989-07-31 |
| JPS5569755A (en) | 1980-05-26 |
| IT7924984A0 (en) | 1979-08-08 |
| FR2433643A1 (en) | 1980-03-14 |
| AT365745B (en) | 1982-02-10 |
| RO76428A (en) | 1981-03-21 |
| SE443024B (en) | 1986-02-10 |
| ATA555379A (en) | 1981-06-15 |
| DE2836095A1 (en) | 1980-03-27 |
| SU876068A3 (en) | 1981-10-23 |
| SE7906838L (en) | 1980-02-18 |
| DD145782A1 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
| CH638275A5 (en) | 1983-09-15 |
| HU179522B (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| IN151738B (en) | 1983-07-16 |
| IT1122730B (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| GB2027806B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| DE2836095C2 (en) | 1986-04-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930817 |