FR3010731B1 - Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion - Google Patents

Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion

Info

Publication number
FR3010731B1
FR3010731B1 FR1358885A FR1358885A FR3010731B1 FR 3010731 B1 FR3010731 B1 FR 3010731B1 FR 1358885 A FR1358885 A FR 1358885A FR 1358885 A FR1358885 A FR 1358885A FR 3010731 B1 FR3010731 B1 FR 3010731B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
emissions
reducing
combustion engine
exhaust gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR1358885A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR3010731A1 (fr
Inventor
Sebastian Guinehut
Pigeon Alice Devinat
Christophe Baverel
Christophe Viault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Original Assignee
Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS filed Critical Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
Priority to FR1358885A priority Critical patent/FR3010731B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2014/069562 priority patent/WO2015036580A1/fr
Priority to CN201480051127.4A priority patent/CN105556081A/zh
Priority to US15/021,966 priority patent/US10233810B2/en
Priority to DE112014004231.5T priority patent/DE112014004231T5/de
Publication of FR3010731A1 publication Critical patent/FR3010731A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR3010731B1 publication Critical patent/FR3010731B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431Processes characterised by a specific device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/12Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with streamlined valve member around which the fluid flows when the valve is opened
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655Lift valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/021Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/06Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1406Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1473Overflow or return means for the substances, e.g. conduits or valves for the return path
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402Exhaust gas composition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
FR1358885A 2013-09-16 2013-09-16 Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion Expired - Fee Related FR3010731B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1358885A FR3010731B1 (fr) 2013-09-16 2013-09-16 Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion
PCT/EP2014/069562 WO2015036580A1 (fr) 2013-09-16 2014-09-12 Dispositif de réduction des émissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion
CN201480051127.4A CN105556081A (zh) 2013-09-16 2014-09-12 用于还原内燃机的排气中的一氧化氮和二氧化氮排放物的设备
US15/021,966 US10233810B2 (en) 2013-09-16 2014-09-12 Device to reduce nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions in the exhaust fumes of a combustion engine
DE112014004231.5T DE112014004231T5 (de) 2013-09-16 2014-09-12 Vorrichtung zur Reduktion der Stickstoffmonoxid- und Stickstoffdioxidemissionen in den Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1358885A FR3010731B1 (fr) 2013-09-16 2013-09-16 Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR3010731A1 FR3010731A1 (fr) 2015-03-20
FR3010731B1 true FR3010731B1 (fr) 2016-08-26

Family

ID=49667392

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR1358885A Expired - Fee Related FR3010731B1 (fr) 2013-09-16 2013-09-16 Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10233810B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN105556081A (fr)
DE (1) DE112014004231T5 (fr)
FR (1) FR3010731B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015036580A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11208934B2 (en) 2019-02-25 2021-12-28 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for mixing exhaust gas and reductant
CN118009093B (zh) * 2024-04-07 2024-06-11 江苏金晟元特种阀门股份有限公司 一种氯气专用气动波纹管调节阀

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10052377A1 (de) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-02 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Sicheres Entnehmen von gasförmigem Ammoniak aus Gasflaschen zur Reduzierung von NOx im Abgasstrom von Verbrennungsmaschinen
US7497076B2 (en) * 2002-05-07 2009-03-03 Extengine Transport Systems Emission control system
EP2107932A2 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2009-10-14 Amminex A/S Procédé et dispositif pour le stockage et l'utilisation en toute sécurité de matériaux volatils de stockage de l'ammoniac
DE102006061370A1 (de) 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Amminex A/S Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ammoniakspeicherung und -zufuhr unter Verwendung von in-situ-Wiedersättigung einer Zufuhreinheit
CN201339566Y (zh) * 2009-01-19 2009-11-04 张健 用于空压机的多电源输入自动压力维持***
DE102009060287A1 (de) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-30 Volkswagen AG, 38440 Lüftungsanlage für ein mit einem SCR-Katalysatorsystem ausgestattetes Fahrzeug sowie Fahrzeug mit einer solchen
DE102009060285A1 (de) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-30 Volkswagen AG, 38440 Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines NH3-Beladungsstandes eines Speichers eines SCR-Katalysatorsystems, SCR-Katalysatorsystem und Fahrzeug
JP2011236105A (ja) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-24 Toyota Industries Corp アンモニア放出装置、アンモニア放出方法及び排気ガス浄化装置
CN102745040B (zh) * 2012-07-16 2014-07-16 苏州博阳制冷设备有限公司 一种直流电驱动的冷冻冷藏汽车
CN103089382A (zh) * 2013-01-30 2013-05-08 吉林省众鑫汽车装备有限公司 一种尿素罐
US8997467B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-04-07 Caterpillar Inc. System and method for post-shutdown temperature management and purge
US9340202B2 (en) * 2014-03-10 2016-05-17 Cummins Inc. Engine start/stop function management and control architecture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3010731A1 (fr) 2015-03-20
CN105556081A (zh) 2016-05-04
WO2015036580A1 (fr) 2015-03-19
US10233810B2 (en) 2019-03-19
US20160298513A1 (en) 2016-10-13
DE112014004231T5 (de) 2016-06-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR3010137B1 (fr) Dispositif de purification de gaz d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne
FR3024885B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de reduction des emissions d'oxydes d'azote et d'ammoniac dans un systeme de post-traitement des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur thermique pendant les alternances de charge
DK2711067T4 (da) Kombineret rensesystem og fremgangsmåde til reduktion af sox og nox i udstødningsgasser fra en forbrændingsmotor
ZA201306716B (en) Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in the exhaust gas from internal combustion engine
EP2730762A4 (fr) Dispositif d'alimentation en réducteur et appareil d'épuration de gaz d'échappement destinés à un moteur à combustion interne
BR102014024155B8 (pt) Dispositivo de tratamento de gás de exaustão e motor de combustão interna
EP2444609A4 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de traitement des gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne
EP2952729A4 (fr) Dispositif de contrôle de recirculation des gaz d'échappement et procédé de contrôle de recirculation de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne
EP2915969A4 (fr) Dispositif d'épuration des gaz d'échappement et procédé d'épuration des gaz d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne
FR2992353B1 (fr) Ensemble forme d'un cone d'echappement et d'un carter d'echappement dans un moteur a turbine a gaz
HK1195110A1 (zh) 用於調節在內燃機的排氣中的 濃度的方法
FR2981983B1 (fr) Dispositif de depollution des gaz d'echappement pour un moteur a combustion interne.
FI20145161L (fi) Polttomoottorikone, pakokaasun takaisinkierrätyslaite ja menetelmä pakokaasun takaisinkierrättämiseksi
FR3012520B1 (fr) Ligne d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne
FR3010731B1 (fr) Dispositif de reduction des emissions de monoxydes d'azote et de dioxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion
EP2815802A4 (fr) Dispositif d'élimination des nox de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur diesel
PL2881571T3 (pl) Urządzenie do regulacji strumienia gazu dolotowego i/lub spalin recyrkulowanych do cylindra silnika spalinowego i odpowiadający mu moduł dolotowy
GB201307867D0 (en) Method of operating a lean NOx trap in an internal combustion engine
EP2960455A4 (fr) Dispositif d'épuration de gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne
FR2965854B1 (fr) Dispositif de reduction des emissions d'oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne
FR2975433B1 (fr) Dispositif de traitement des oxydes d'azote s'evacuant dans une ligne d'echappement d'un moteur thermique
FR3042219B1 (fr) Dispositif de post-traitement des gaz d’echappement d’un moteur a combustion
FR3021695B1 (fr) Dispositif de post-traitement des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion
FR3005737B1 (fr) Dispositif de controle de l'opacite et des oxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'echappement
EP2957736A4 (fr) Dispositif d'épuration de gaz d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 3

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 5

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 6

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 7

ST Notification of lapse

Effective date: 20210506