FR2886940B1 - Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides et procede pour les fabriquer - Google Patents
Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides et procede pour les fabriquerInfo
- Publication number
- FR2886940B1 FR2886940B1 FR0604993A FR0604993A FR2886940B1 FR 2886940 B1 FR2886940 B1 FR 2886940B1 FR 0604993 A FR0604993 A FR 0604993A FR 0604993 A FR0604993 A FR 0604993A FR 2886940 B1 FR2886940 B1 FR 2886940B1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- alignment layer
- liquid crystal
- main chain
- display device
- crystal display
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011907 photodimerization Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/065—After-treatment
- B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/16—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds
- C08J7/18—Chemical modification with polymerisable compounds using wave energy or particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133784—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by rubbing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/025—Polyamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/027—Polyimide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020050051034A KR101212135B1 (ko) | 2005-06-14 | 2005-06-14 | 액정표시소자 및 그 제조방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2886940A1 FR2886940A1 (fr) | 2006-12-15 |
FR2886940B1 true FR2886940B1 (fr) | 2011-10-14 |
Family
ID=36745628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR0604993A Active FR2886940B1 (fr) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-06-06 | Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides et procede pour les fabriquer |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20060280881A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4564470B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101212135B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100541297C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102006027226B4 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2886940B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2427197B (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI358583B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5454754B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2014-03-26 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 |
JP2009086265A (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Lg Display Co Ltd | 配向膜の製造方法および液晶パネルの製造方法 |
KR100882586B1 (ko) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-02-13 | 제일모직주식회사 | 액정 광배향제, 이를 포함하는 액정 광배향막, 및 이를포함하는 액정 표시 장치 |
KR101450877B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-20 | 2014-10-14 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정표시장치 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR101481703B1 (ko) * | 2008-03-24 | 2015-01-12 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 광배향재, 이를 이용해 제조된 배향막을 갖는 표시 기판 및 그 표시 기판의 제조 방법 |
JP5434490B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-01 | 2014-03-05 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
KR101288558B1 (ko) | 2008-12-12 | 2013-07-22 | 제일모직주식회사 | 액정 광배향제 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 액정 광배향막 |
KR101127585B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-23 | 2012-03-22 | 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 | 평판 디스플레이 장치 |
US8946366B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-02-03 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Cyclic olefin compound, photoreactive polymer, and alignment layer comprising the same |
US9150678B2 (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2015-10-06 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Photoreactive polymer and alignment layer comprising the same |
KR101544562B1 (ko) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-08-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광반응기를 갖는 고리형 올레핀 화합물 및 광반응성 중합체 |
TWI554555B (zh) * | 2011-06-28 | 2016-10-21 | Nissan Chemical Ind Ltd | A liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display device |
JP6057895B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-28 | 2017-01-11 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向膜の製造方法、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
JP6274407B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2018-02-07 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 横電界駆動用液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
WO2013146460A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | 新日本理化株式会社 | Résine de polyimide à transparence élevée |
KR20140140225A (ko) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-09 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 점착제 조성물 |
KR20140146522A (ko) | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-26 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 및 이를 제조하는 방법 |
KR101732687B1 (ko) | 2013-12-27 | 2017-05-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 염료형 편광체 형성용 조성물 및 염료형 편광체 |
CN108181764A (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2018-06-19 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | 光分解型配向膜的制作方法、液晶显示面板和显示装置 |
TWI550025B (zh) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-09-21 | 奇美實業股份有限公司 | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜以及液晶顯示元件 |
KR20160047029A (ko) | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-02 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 배향막 및 이를 포함하는 액정 표시 장치 |
CN105647548B (zh) * | 2016-02-23 | 2018-10-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 配向剂、配向膜的制作方法、显示面板及显示装置 |
KR102591368B1 (ko) | 2018-03-16 | 2023-10-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 올리고머, 올리고머를 포함하는 조성물, 조성물로부터 제조되는 성형품, 성형품의 제조 방법, 및 성형품을 포함하는 표시 장치 |
CN108957893B (zh) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-07-06 | 上海先幻新材料科技有限公司 | 一种防窥膜及其制备方法 |
CN109467700B (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 江苏亚宝绝缘材料股份有限公司 | 一种严格等摩尔单体结合补偿加料的树脂合成方法及聚酰胺酸树脂 |
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JPS6332521A (ja) * | 1986-07-26 | 1988-02-12 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子 |
JPH02124534A (ja) * | 1988-11-02 | 1990-05-11 | Nitto Denko Corp | 液晶表示素子およびその製造方法 |
JPH0377920A (ja) * | 1989-08-21 | 1991-04-03 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
DE4002082A1 (de) * | 1990-01-25 | 1991-08-01 | Hoechst Ag | Verwendung von polyetherketonen als orientierungsschichten |
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JPH0659264A (ja) * | 1992-08-05 | 1994-03-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜 |
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DE59408097D1 (de) * | 1993-02-17 | 1999-05-20 | Rolic Ag | Orientierungsschicht für Flüssigkristalle |
KR970000356B1 (ko) * | 1993-09-18 | 1997-01-08 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 액정표시소자(lcd)용 광 폴리머 배향막 형성방법 |
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JPH1073824A (ja) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-03-17 | Hoechst Ind Kk | 液晶配向膜の製造方法及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
KR19980057660A (ko) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-09-25 | 손욱 | 광배향성 조성물, 이로부터 형성된 배향막과 이배향막을 구비한 액정표시소자 |
JP4126731B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-13 | 2008-07-30 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤 |
KR100261653B1 (ko) * | 1998-01-15 | 2000-07-15 | 권문구 | 광반응 촉진제를 포함하는 고분자 배향막 |
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-
2005
- 2005-06-14 KR KR1020050051034A patent/KR101212135B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2006
- 2006-05-31 CN CNB2006100837168A patent/CN100541297C/zh active Active
- 2006-06-06 FR FR0604993A patent/FR2886940B1/fr active Active
- 2006-06-09 GB GB0611468A patent/GB2427197B/en active Active
- 2006-06-12 TW TW095120794A patent/TWI358583B/zh active
- 2006-06-12 DE DE102006027226.9A patent/DE102006027226B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-13 US US11/451,481 patent/US20060280881A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-13 JP JP2006163489A patent/JP4564470B2/ja active Active
-
2013
- 2013-04-17 US US13/865,013 patent/US20130286338A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200643575A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
JP2006350347A (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
CN1881047A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
US20060280881A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
FR2886940A1 (fr) | 2006-12-15 |
CN100541297C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
GB0611468D0 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
KR20060130386A (ko) | 2006-12-19 |
GB2427197A (en) | 2006-12-20 |
GB2427197B (en) | 2009-12-02 |
US20130286338A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
DE102006027226B4 (de) | 2021-06-24 |
DE102006027226A1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
JP4564470B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
KR101212135B1 (ko) | 2012-12-14 |
TWI358583B (en) | 2012-02-21 |
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