FR2884589A1 - Supple roof insulating material has under-surface reflective layer connected to inner mattress by joining zones with holes filled with permeable fibers - Google Patents
Supple roof insulating material has under-surface reflective layer connected to inner mattress by joining zones with holes filled with permeable fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2884589A1 FR2884589A1 FR0503794A FR0503794A FR2884589A1 FR 2884589 A1 FR2884589 A1 FR 2884589A1 FR 0503794 A FR0503794 A FR 0503794A FR 0503794 A FR0503794 A FR 0503794A FR 2884589 A1 FR2884589 A1 FR 2884589A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- holes
- interlayer
- facing
- insulation according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4234—Metal fibres
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- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
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- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
- E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
- E04D13/1618—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for fixing the insulating material between the roof covering and the upper surface of the roof purlins or rafters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/026—Mattresses, mats, blankets or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/029—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
-
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- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
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- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/406—Bright, glossy, shiny surface
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
l'amélioration des performances thermiques sous réserve de demeurerthermal performance improvement provided that it remains
relativement immobile, est mis en mouvement en raison de la multitude de trous pratiqués dans le parement intérieur, notamment par une opération d'aiguilletage. relatively immobile, is set in motion because of the multitude of holes made in the inner facing, including a needling operation.
L'invention a pour but, surtout, d'améliorer significativement la contribution de la lame d'air incluse dans le matelas de fibres intercalaire dans la performance d'isolation de cet isolant mince, tout en simplifiant l'assemblage du parement intérieur et du matelas. L'invention vise également à faciliter la mise en place de l'isolant sur un support incliné, en sous-toiture. The purpose of the invention is, above all, to significantly improve the contribution of the air knife included in the interlayer fiber mat in the insulation performance of this thin insulation, while simplifying the assembly of the inner facing and the mattress. The invention also aims to facilitate the placement of the insulation on an inclined support, under-roofing.
ro Selon l'invention, l'isolant thermique souple, mince et réfléchissant, sous forme de feuille ou de nappe, comprenant au moins trois éléments constitués par un parement extérieur réfléchissant respirant, un matelas intercalaire de fibres ouvert au passage de la vapeur d'eau, et un parement intérieur réfléchissant respirant non étanche à l'eau, est caractérisé en ce que le parement intérieur réfléchissant est assujetti au matelas intercalaire par des zones de liaison qui comportent, dans le parement, des trous traversés par des groupes de fibres du matelas intercalaire faisant saillie à l'extérieur, et qui forment une sorte de duvet. Ce faisant, les fibres entraînées au travers de la perforation constituent une source de perte de charge au déplacement de l'air de l'une des faces du parement intérieur vers l'autre, tout en ne s'opposant pas à la diffusion de la vapeur d'eau. According to the invention, the flexible thermal insulation, thin and reflective, in the form of sheet or sheet, comprising at least three elements constituted by a reflective outer coating breathable, an interlayer of fibers open to the passage of steam water, and a non-watertight breathable reflective interior facing, is characterized in that the reflective inner facing is secured to the interlayer by connecting areas which comprise, in the facing, holes traversed by groups of fibers of the interleaved mattress protruding outside, and which form a kind of down. In doing so, the fibers entrained through the perforation constitute a source of pressure drop when the air moves from one of the faces of the inner facing towards the other, while not preventing the diffusion of the water vapour.
Les zones de liaison occupent entre 10 % et 80% de la surface de l'isolant mince réfléchissant. Le parement intérieur se trouve attaché mécaniquement au matelas par les fibres traversant les trous et serrées dans ces derniers. Les pénétrations de l'air en provenance d'une lame d'air située sous l'isolant mince dans le matelas sont freinées, notamment en raison de la proportion de fibres traversant les trous. The bonding areas occupy between 10% and 80% of the surface of the thin reflective insulation. The inner facing is mechanically attached to the mattress by the fibers passing through the holes and tightened in the latter. The penetrations of air from an air space under the thin insulation in the mattress are slowed down, especially because of the proportion of fibers passing through the holes.
Le parement intérieur est percé de trous répartis sur la majeure partie de sa surface. Les zones de liaison comprennent la totalité des trous. Les zones de liaison peuvent se répartir en zones fortement densifiées en fibres dépassant et en zones faiblement densifiées en de telles fibres. The inner facing is pierced with holes distributed over most of its surface. The bonding areas comprise all the holes. The connecting zones can be divided into densely densified zones into exceeding fibers and into weakly densified zones into such fibers.
Le parement intérieur peut être percé de trous par aiguilletage créant des zones de liaison obtenues à l'aide d'aiguilles à ergots propres à entraîner des fibres du matelas intercalaire. The inner face may be pierced by needling holes creating connection areas obtained using pin needles adapted to cause fibers interlayer mattress.
Les fibres du matelas intercalaire peuvent être hydrophobes, ou hydrophiles pour favoriser le passage de la vapeur d'eau. The fibers of the interlayer mat may be hydrophobic, or hydrophilic to promote the passage of water vapor.
Sur la face extérieure du parement intérieur une multitude de fibres apparaissent qui forment un duvet superficiel. Ce duvet superficiel est utile car les fibres dépassant peuvent s'accrocher aux bois de charpente sur lesquels cet isolant mince est déroulé, évitant ainsi le glissement, surtout si la pente est importante. On the outer face of the inner facing a multitude of fibers appear which form a superficial down. This superficial down is useful because the protruding fibers can cling to the lumber on which this thin insulation is unwound, thus avoiding slippage, especially if the slope is important.
Toutefois le duvet superficiel de fibres dépassant le parement intérieur réfléchissant peut altérer les propriétés d'émissivité. Pour réduire cet effet non souhaitable, les fibres du matelas intercalaire sont avantageusement métallisées, par exemple constituées de composés (compounds) de polymère métallisé ou d'un polymère choisi parmi les matériaux ayant une très forte brillance (état de surface extrêmement plan) ou d'un polymère formulé de façon o à être très réflectif par essence même. However, the superficial down of fibers protruding from the reflective interior facing can alter the emissivity properties. To reduce this undesirable effect, the fibers of the interlayer are advantageously metallized, for example composed of compounds (compounds) of metallized polymer or of a polymer chosen from materials having a very high gloss (extremely flat surface condition) or a polymer formulated so as to be very reflective in essence.
Les fibres du matelas intercalaire peuvent être creuses pour améliorer les propriétés d'isolation thermique. The fibers of the interlayer mat can be hollow to improve the thermal insulation properties.
De préférence, l'isolant thermique se présente sous forme d'un lé avec matelas intercalaire dont les bords longitudinaux sont situés en retrait des bords longitudinaux des parements extérieur et intérieur, lesquels sont réunis par collage ou soudage, et une bande longitudinale dépourvue de trous est prévue le long des bords longitudinaux, la largeur de cette bande étant au moins égale à la largeur de recouvrement de lés successifs, pour éviter des remontées capillaires par des trous. Preferably, the thermal insulation is in the form of a web with interlayer whose longitudinal edges are set back from the longitudinal edges of the outer and inner faces, which are joined by gluing or welding, and a longitudinal strip without holes is provided along the longitudinal edges, the width of this band being at least equal to the width of overlapping successive les, to avoid capillary rise by holes.
L'invention est également relative à un procédé de fabrication d'un isolant thermique, tel que défini précédemment, selon lequel on effectue en premier l'assemblage du parement intérieur au matelas intercalaire de fibres, puis on met en place, notamment par collage, le parement extérieur sur le matelas, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage du parement intérieur au matelas intercalaire est réalisé par aiguilletage avec des aiguilles comportant en partie inférieure des crochets en forme d'ergots qui, lors de leur passage dans le matelas intercalaire, entraînent les fibres au delà de la face du parement intérieur opposée au sens de percement. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a thermal insulation, as defined above, according to which the assembly of the inner facing is carried out firstly with the interlayer of fibers, and then it is put in place, in particular by gluing, the outer face on the mattress, this method being characterized in that the assembly of the inner facing to the interlayer mat is made by needling with needles comprising in the lower part hooks shaped pins which, when they pass through the mattress interlayer, drive the fibers beyond the face of the inner facing opposite to the direction of piercing.
Le procédé d'assemblage peut être prévu de telle sorte que soient 30 créées des zones de liaison fortement densifiées comportant un nombre élevé de fibres dépassant, et des zones de liaison faiblement densifiées comportant très peu de fibres dépassant. The assembly method may be provided such that highly densified bonding areas having a high number of protruding fibers are formed, and weakly densified bonding regions having very few exceeding fibers.
Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées sont obtenues en choisissant des aiguilles comportant un nombre important d' ergots, les zones faiblement densifiées sont obtenues en choisissant des aiguilles, avec un nombre d' ergots plus faible. The highly densified bonding zones are obtained by choosing needles comprising a large number of pins, the weakly densified zones are obtained by choosing needles, with a smaller number of pins.
Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées peuvent être établies de façon linéaire, ou de façon localisée concentrée, de forme circulaire ou carrée ou autre dont l'aspect est similaire à celui obtenu par une soudure par points Ces zones de liaison fortement densifiées peuvent être obtenues par une concentration localisée d'aiguilles comportant un nombre important d'ergots, fixées sur une planche à aiguilles qui leur sert de support. Ces aiguilles comportant un nombre important d'ergots peuvent former des lignes continues parallèles réparties selon un espacement convenu ou des zones localisées très concentrées de forme circulaire, carrée ou toute autre forme, ou o une combinaison des deux. Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées créent localement une réduction de l'épaisseur du matelas formant des dépressions localisées induisant un effet molleton. Cette réduction d'épaisseur localisée peut atteindre jusqu'à 70% de l'épaisseur totale. Highly densified bonding areas can be linearly, or centrally concentrated, circular or square, or the like, the appearance of which is similar to that achieved by spot welding. These highly densified bonding areas can be obtained by a localized concentration of needles comprising a large number of pins, fixed on a needle board which serves as a support. These needles having a large number of pins can form parallel continuous lines distributed according to an agreed spacing or highly concentrated localized areas of circular, square or any other shape, or o a combination of both. The highly densified bonding zones locally create a reduction in the thickness of the mattress forming localized depressions inducing a fleece effect. This localized thickness reduction can reach up to 70% of the total thickness.
Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées servent à assujettir le parement inférieur au matelas intermédiaire en vue de lui conférer les propriétés mécaniques de résistance en traction perpendiculaire des parements de l'isolant mince; les zones de liaison faiblement densifiées ont surtout pour but de répartir les points de passage de la vapeur d'eau et, en raison du faible nombre de fibres dépassant, de limiter la densité du duvet dépassant et augmenter la réduction de la valeur d' émissivité du parement inférieur de l'isolant Les films plastiques armés utilisés pour la fabrication du parement intérieur de l'isolant sont généralement composés de matières plastiques courantes telles du polyester, du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, ou tout autre polymère ayant des propriétés analogues. The densely bonded bonding areas serve to secure the lower facing to the intermediate batt to impart the mechanical tensile strength perpendicular to the facings of the thin insulation; the weakly densified zones of connection are mainly intended to distribute the points of passage of the water vapor and, because of the small number of fibers exceeding, to limit the density of the down exceeding and to increase the reduction of the value of emissivity Insulating Lower Siding The reinforced plastic films used in the manufacture of the inner cladding of the insulation are generally composed of common plastics such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, or any other polymer having similar properties.
Le parement réfléchissant intérieur de l'isolant peut être constitué d'une feuille métallique réfléchissante associée par collage à un film plastique, notamment multicouche, tel que défini précédemment, mais ne comportant pas de film métallisé. Avant percement des trous, ce parement intérieur constitue une barrière étanche à la vapeur d'eau et à l'eau. The inner reflective facing of the insulation may consist of a reflective metal sheet associated by bonding to a plastic film, in particular a multilayer, as defined above, but not comprising a metallized film. Before piercing holes, this inner facing is a waterproof barrier to water vapor and water.
Le matelas de fibres intercalaire peut être constitué: - de fibres synthétiques ayant reçu un traitement hydrophobe, notamment liées entre elles par tout moyen approprié pour former un réseau tri-dimensionnel, ou de fibres hydrophiles, facilitant le passage de la vapeur d'eau, - ou de fibres synthétiques métallisées ou ayant une très forte brillance, -ou de fibres naturelles telles que de la laine de verre ou de roche ou des fibres d'origines végétales ou animales. The interleaved fiber mat may consist of: synthetic fibers having a hydrophobic treatment, in particular bound together by any appropriate means to form a three-dimensional network, or hydrophilic fibers, facilitating the passage of water vapor, - or metallized synthetic fibers or having a very high gloss, or natural fibers such as glass wool or rock or fibers of vegetable or animal origins.
Le matelas intercalaire peut avoir une épaisseur comprise entre 5mm et 20mm, , la masse surfacique étant comprise entre 100 et 1000 g/m2, L'isolant thermique souple, mince et réfléchissant possède un coefficient de conductivité thermique À égal ou inférieur à 0,04 W/m.K (watt par mètre.degré Kelvin). The interlayer mat may have a thickness of between 5 mm and 20 mm, the weight per unit area being between 100 and 1000 g / m2. The flexible, thin and reflective thermal insulation has a coefficient of thermal conductivity equal to or less than 0.04. W / mK (watt per meter.degree Kelvin).
Les trous créés par le passage des aiguilles, répartis sur toute la surface de la feuille de matière étanche utilisée pour réaliser le parement to intérieur, ont un diamètre compris entre 0,01 mm et 1 mm, dépendant du type d'aiguilles utilisé ; les aiguilles comportant un faible nombre d'ergots ayant le plus petit diamètre, le nombre de trous variant de ce fait entre 20 000 à 150 000 trous par mètre carré selon la répartition choisie pour la densification des zones de liaison. Le parement intérieur possède, du fait de ces percements, une valeur de perméance au moins égale ou supérieure à celle du parement extérieur. The holes created by the passage of the needles, distributed over the entire surface of the sheet of waterproof material used to make the facing inside, have a diameter of between 0.01 mm and 1 mm, depending on the type of needle used; the needles having a small number of lugs having the smallest diameter, the number of holes thus varying between 20,000 to 150,000 holes per square meter depending on the distribution chosen for the densification of the bonding areas. The inner facing has, due to these openings, a permeance value at least equal to or greater than that of the outer facing.
Quel que soit le mode de fabrication, l'isolant mince peut comporter une bande adhésive incorporée en surface, positionnée dans la zone de recouvrement des lés, sur l'un des bords longitudinaux, et protégée par une pellicule, notamment en papier ou film, pelable qui sera enlevée lors de l'installation des lés d'isolant. Whatever the method of manufacture, the thin insulation may comprise an adhesive tape incorporated at the surface, positioned in the overlap area of the strips, on one of the longitudinal edges, and protected by a film, in particular paper or film, peelable that will be removed when installing insulation strips.
L'invention consiste, mises à part les dispositions exposées ci-dessus, en un certain nombre d'autres dispositions dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après à propos d'exemples de réalisation particuliers décrits avec référence aux dessins annexés, mais qui ne sont nullement limitatifs. Sur ces dessins: Fig.1 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale partielle d'une toiture avec une nappe d'isolant mince réfléchissant selon l'invention. The invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, in a certain number of other arrangements which will be more explicitly discussed hereinafter with regard to particular embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but which do not are in no way limiting. In these drawings: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view in partial vertical section of a roof with a sheet of thin reflective insulation according to the invention.
Fig.2 est une coupe verticale à plus grande échelle d'une portion 30 d'isolant thermique réfléchissant selon l'invention, Fig.3 est une coupe verticale à plus grande échelle d'une portion de matelas intercalaire assemblé au parement intérieur de l'isolant selon l'invention. 2 is a vertical section on a larger scale of a portion 30 of reflective thermal insulation according to the invention, FIG. 3 is a vertical section on a larger scale of a portion of interlayer mat assembled on the inner facing of the insulator according to the invention.
Fig.4 est une vue partielle en élévation, à grande échelle, de deux 35 aiguille à ergots d'un type différent. Fig. 4 is a partial elevational view, on a large scale, of two needle pins of a different type.
Fig.5 est une vue schématique de dessous d'un parement intérieur percé selon un arrangement linéaire des trous. Fig.5 is a schematic bottom view of an inner facing pierced in a linear arrangement of the holes.
Fig.6 est une vue schématique de dessous d'un parement intérieur percé selon un arrangement de trous groupés en carrés ou en cercles. Fig.6 is a schematic bottom view of an inner facing pierced in an arrangement of holes grouped into squares or circles.
Fig.7 est un schéma en élévation verticale illustrant un recouvrement de lés d'isolant. Fig. 7 is a vertical elevation diagram illustrating an overlap of insulating strips.
Fig.8 est une coupe verticale partielle, à plus grande échelle, des bords longitudinaux d'un lé d'isolant. FIG. 8 is a partial vertical section, on a larger scale, of the longitudinal edges of an insulation strip.
Fig.9 est une vue schématique de dessous par rapport à Fig.8, et Fig.10 est une section transversale d'aiguille à ergots. Fig.9 is a schematic view from below with respect to Fig.8, and Fig.10 is a cross section of pin needle.
En se reportant à Fig.1 on peut voir une toiture T comportant des chevrons C en pente sur lesquels sont tendus des lés 1 d'un isolant thermique I souple mince et réfléchissant et respirant, se présentant sous forme de feuille. Les lés se recouvrent par exemple sur leurs bords parallèles à la direction de mise en place, orthogonale à la ligne de plus grande pente de la toiture. En variante, les lés peuvent être orientés avec leur grande dimension parallèle à la ligne de plus grande pente et les bords qui se recouvrent sont alors parallèles à cette ligne. Referring to Fig.1 there can be seen a roof T with sloping rafters C on which are stretched strips 1 of a thin thermal insulation and reflective and breathable, in the form of sheet. The strips overlap for example on their edges parallel to the direction of implementation, orthogonal to the line of greatest slope of the roof. Alternatively, the strips can be oriented with their large dimension parallel to the line of greater slope and the overlapping edges are then parallel to this line.
Des contre-lattes d, disposées au-dessus de l'isolant I le long des chevrons C, servent à la fixation par clouage de l'isolant I sur les chevrons. Des liteaux j, orthogonaux à la ligne de plus grande pente, sont fixés parallèlement les uns aux autres sur les contre-lattes d et permettent l'accrochage des éléments de toiture 2, par exemple des tuiles ou des ardoises. Counter battens d, placed above the insulator I along the rafters C, are used for nailing the insulator I to the rafters. Strips j, orthogonal to the line of greater slope, are fixed parallel to each other on the counter-slats d and allow the attachment of the roof elements 2, for example tiles or slates.
Une lame A d'air de ventilation est ainsi formée entre la face supérieure de l'isolant I et la toiture. La hauteur h (Fig.1) de cette lame d'air A correspond à la hauteur de la contre-latte d. La lame d'air A débouche en partie basse au-dessus de la gouttière G et en partie haute communique avec l'atmosphère extérieure. A blade A ventilation air is thus formed between the upper face of the insulator I and the roof. The height h (FIG. 1) of this air gap A corresponds to the height of the counter-batt d. The air gap A opens in the lower part above the gutter G and in the upper part communicates with the outside atmosphere.
Une couche d'isolant thermique 3, par exemple une couche de laine de verre, est fixée au-dessous de l'isolant I, à distance, de telle sorte que soit aménagée une autre lame d'air non ventilée B sous la face inférieure de l'écran I. Quelque soit le mode de fabrication, l'isolant mince peut comporter une bande adhésive 4 (Fig.2) incorporée en surface, positionnée dans la zone de recouvrement des lés, sur l'un des bords longitudinaux, et protégée par une pellicule 5, notamment en papier ou film, pelable qui sera enlevée lors de l'installation des lés d'isolant. A layer of thermal insulation 3, for example a layer of glass wool, is fixed below the insulator I, at a distance, so that another non-ventilated air space B is provided below the underside. of the screen I. Regardless of the method of manufacture, the thin insulation may comprise an adhesive strip 4 (FIG. 2) incorporated on the surface, positioned in the overlapping zone of the strips, on one of the longitudinal edges, and protected by a film 5, in particular paper or film, peelable which will be removed during the installation of insulation strips.
L'isolant I (Fig.2) comprend trois éléments constitués par un parement extérieur Il et un parement intérieur 13 réfléchissants respirant, séparés par un matelas intercalaire de fibres 12, ouvert au passage de la vapeur d'eau. The insulator I (FIG. 2) comprises three elements consisting of an outer skin 11 and a breathable reflective inner lining, separated by an interlayer of fibers 12, open to the passage of water vapor.
L'isolant mince I est continu en faîtage et, à ses extrémités latérales, est replié verticalement contre la couche 3 d'isolation, sans espace susceptible de former une lame entre les deux parties verticales. La lame d'air B est inerte, puisque fermée en partie haute et en partie basse. Elle contribue à l'isolation thermique. Thin insulation I is continuous ridge and, at its lateral ends, is folded vertically against the layer 3 of insulation, without space capable of forming a blade between the two vertical parts. The air knife B is inert, since it is closed at the top and at the bottom. It contributes to thermal insulation.
La vapeur d'eau provenant de l'intérieur du bâtiment peut traverser l'isolant I perméable à la vapeur, de sorte qu'il n'y a pas de condensation nuisible sous forme de gouttelettes d'eau retombant sur l'isolation 3. Water vapor from the interior of the building can pass through the vapor permeable insulator I, so that there is no harmful condensation in the form of droplets of water falling on the insulation 3.
Le parement extérieur 11 de l'isolant thermique peut être constitué io d'au moins une feuille L étanche à l'eau avec une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau importante caractérisée par une valeur de perméance comprise entre 1.10-8 et 1.10-9 kg/m2.s.Pa soit une hauteur d'air équivalente définie par la valeur Sd exprimée en mètre comprise entre 1.10"2 m et 20. 10"2 m. The outer face 11 of the thermal insulation may consist of at least one waterproof sheet L with a high water vapor permeability characterized by a permeance value of between 1.10-8 and 1.10-9. kg / m2.s.Pa is an equivalent air height defined by the value Sd expressed in meters between 1.10 "2 m and 20. 10" 2 m.
La feuille L dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 100 pm et 300 pm et la masse surfacique entre 50 g/m2 et 120 g/m2, peut être obtenue à partir de fibres de matière synthétique à base de polyéthylène, ou toute autre matière synthétique présentant des propriétés analogues. The sheet L, the thickness of which is between 100 μm and 300 μm, and the basis weight between 50 g / m 2 and 120 g / m 2, can be obtained from polyethylene-based synthetic fibers, or any other synthetic material. having similar properties.
Selon l'invention, le parement intérieur réfléchissant 13 est assujetti au matelas intercalaire 12 par des zones de liaison fortement densifiées 6 (Fig.2, 3), 6a (Fig.6) 6b (Fig.6) et des zones faiblement densifiées 7. Les zones de liaison comportent dans le parement des trous 8 traversés par des groupes plus ou moins denses de fibres 9 du matelas 12 faisant saillie à l'extérieur. Les fibres 9 dépassant sont serrées par la bordure du trou traversé. II en résulte une liaison mécanique entre le parement 13 et le matelas 12 et un frein à la pénétration de l'air à l'intérieur du matelas Les zones faiblement densifiées 7 sont réparties sur la majeure partie de la surface du parement 13. Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées 6, 6a, 6b occupent entre 10% et 20% de la surface de l'isolant mince réfléchissant, L'assemblage du matelas intercalaire est avantageusement réalisé par aiguilletage avec des aiguilles 10 ou 10a (Fig.4) comportant en partie inférieure une pluralité de crochets en forme d'ergots 11, orientés vers le bas. Les aiguilles 10a comportent un nombre d'ergots 11 supérieur à celui des aiguilles 10, répartis sur la longueur, afin d'entraîner davantage de fibres. Les aiguilles 10a sont utilisées pour les zones fortement densifiées, les aiguilles 10 pour les zones faiblement densifiées Le matelas 12 est placé sur le parement intérieur 13 et les aiguilles 10 ou 10a, fixées sur une planche non représentée, sont enfoncées de haut en bas à travers le matelas 12 et le parement 13 pour créer les trous 8. Lors de leur passage dans le matelas intercalaire 12, les aiguilles 10, 10a entraînent les fibres 9 au delà de la face du parement intérieur 12 opposée au sens de percement. Lors de leur remontée verticale, les aiguilles n'entraînent pas les fibres 9 en raison de l'orientation des ergots 11. According to the invention, the reflective interior facing 13 is secured to the interlayer 12 by densely densified bonding areas 6 (Fig.2, 3), 6a (Fig.6) 6b (Fig.6) and weakly densified areas 7 The bonding zones comprise, in the facing, holes 8 traversed by more or less dense groups of fibers 9 of the mattress 12 projecting outwards. The fibers 9 protruding are clamped by the edge of the through hole. This results in a mechanical connection between the facing 13 and the mattress 12 and a brake on the penetration of the air inside the mattress. The weakly densified zones 7 are distributed over most of the surface of the facing 13. highly densified bonding lines 6, 6a, 6b occupy between 10% and 20% of the surface of the thin reflective insulation, The assembly of the interlayer is advantageously made by needling with needles 10 or 10a (FIG. lower part a plurality of hooks in the form of lugs 11, facing downwards. The needles 10a have a number of lugs 11 greater than that of the needles 10, distributed along the length, to cause more fibers. The needles 10a are used for densely densified areas, the needles 10 for weakly densified areas The mattress 12 is placed on the inner facing 13 and the needles 10 or 10a, fixed on a board not shown, are pressed from top to bottom to through the mattress 12 and the facing 13 to create the holes 8. During their passage through the interlayer 12, the needles 10, 10a cause the fibers 9 beyond the face of the inner facing 12 opposite to the direction of drilling. During their vertical ascent, the needles do not carry the fibers 9 because of the orientation of the lugs 11.
Le mécanisme d'une aiguilleteuse (non représentée) entraîne la planche à aiguilles selon un mouvement alternatif de haut en bas puis de bas en haut; lorsque la planche est en position haute un mouvement latéral fait avancer le parement réfléchissant et le matelas pour une nouvelle opération. The mechanism of a needling machine (not shown) causes the needle board to reciprocate from top to bottom and from bottom to top; when the board is in the up position a lateral movement advances the reflective facing and the mattress for a new operation.
D'autres aiguilleteuses sont équipées de mécanismes d'aiguilletage o et d'avancement séparés qui ne nécessitent pas de synchronisation. De cette façon et selon la vitesse d'avancement choisie le nombre de coups d'aiguilles et par conséquent le nombre de trous varient. Other needling machines are equipped with separate needling and advancement mechanisms which do not require synchronization. In this way and according to the speed of advance chosen the number of needle strokes and therefore the number of holes vary.
Les dimensions de la planche à aiguilles sont telles que sa longueur corresponde à la largeur du parement réfléchissant 13 et du matelas intercalaire 12; la largeur de la planche peut correspondre au pas du mouvement latéral lorsque celui-ci est synchronisé avec l'avancement de la bande à aiguilleter. The dimensions of the needle board are such that its length corresponds to the width of the reflective facing 13 and the interlayer 12; the width of the board may correspond to the pitch of the lateral movement when it is synchronized with the advancement of the band to needling.
Dans un premier mode opérationnel, les aiguilles choisies comportant un faible nombre de crochets sont réparties uniformément sur toute la surface de la planche à aiguilles sans création de zones densifiées. In a first operational mode, the selected needles having a small number of hooks are distributed uniformly over the entire surface of the needle board without creating densified areas.
Selon un second mode opérationnel, les aiguilles utilisées sont telles que soient créés des zones de liaison 6 fortement densifiées comportant un nombre important de fibres 9 dépassant et des zones de liaison 7 plus faiblement densifiées obtenues avec des aiguilles comportant un plus faible nombre de crochets. According to a second operational mode, the needles used are such that highly densified connecting zones 6 are created comprising a large number of fibers 9 protruding and 7 more weakly densified connecting zones obtained with needles having a smaller number of hooks.
Selon un troisième mode opérationnel les aiguilles utilisées sont choisies de telle sorte que soient créés des zones de liaison fortement densifiées ou faiblement densifiées et des zones sans liaison obtenues avec des aiguilles lisses sans ergots. Ce cas réduit l'inertie de la lame d'air du matelas. According to a third operational mode the needles used are chosen so that highly densified or weakly densified bonding zones are created and non-bonded zones obtained with smooth needles without pins. This case reduces the inertia of the air gap of the mattress.
Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées peuvent être obtenues par une concentration localisée d'aiguilles comportant un nombre important de crochets qui, selon leur disposition sur la planche à aiguilles, peuvent former par exemple des lignes continues parallèles (voir Fig.5) ou des zones localisées très concentrées de forme circulaire 6a (Fig.6), carrée 6b (Fig.6) ou toute autre forme dont l'aspect est similaire à celui obtenu par une soudure par points. The highly densified bonding zones can be obtained by a localized concentration of needles comprising a large number of hooks which, according to their arrangement on the needle board, can form, for example, parallel continuous lines (see FIG. localized highly concentrated circular shape 6a (Fig.6), square 6b (Fig.6) or any other shape whose appearance is similar to that obtained by a spot weld.
Ces zones de liaison localisées peuvent avoir un diamètre d'environ 10 à 20 mm et être réparties en quinconce ou uniformément sur toute la surface. These localized bonding areas may have a diameter of about 10 to 20 mm and be distributed staggered or evenly over the entire surface.
Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées peuvent également être une combinaison des deux modes décrits ci-dessus c'est à dire comporter des zones linéaires avec intercalées des zones localisées; cette combinaison permet de mieux répartir les liaisons pour répondre aux sollicitations mécaniques de l'isolant lors de sa mise en oeuvre sur la charpente. The highly densified bonding zones may also be a combination of the two modes described above, that is to say comprise linear zones interspersed with localized zones; this combination makes it possible to better distribute the connections in order to respond to the mechanical stresses of the insulation when it is used on the framework.
Le procédé d'assemblage fait apparaître sur la face extérieure du o parement intérieur une multitude de fibres 9 dépassant qui forment un duvet superficiel recouvrant le parement 13. Ce duvet superficiel, dont l'épaisseur peut être comprise entre l mm et 2mm est utile car les fibres 9 dépassant peuvent s'accrocher aux bois de charpente sur lesquels l'isolant mince est déroulé, évitant ainsi le glissement, surtout si la pente de la couverture est importante, et facilitant la mise en place. The assembly process shows on the outer face of the inner facing a multitude of fibers 9 protruding which form a surface down covering the facing 13. This superficial down, whose thickness can be between 1 mm and 2 mm is useful because the protruding fibers 9 can cling to the lumber on which the thin insulation is unwound, thus avoiding sliding, especially if the slope of the cover is important, and facilitating the establishment.
Les fibres 9 du matelas intercalaire peuvent être hydrophobes,ou hydrophiles pour favoriser le passage de la vapeur d'eau. The fibers 9 of the interlayer mat may be hydrophobic, or hydrophilic to promote the passage of water vapor.
Les fibres du matelas intercalaire sont avantageusement métallisées, par exemple constituées de composés (compounds) de polymère métallisé, pour éviter d'altérer les propriétés d'émissivité du parement intérieur. The fibers of the interlayer are advantageously metallized, for example consisting of compounds (compounds) of metallized polymer, to avoid altering the emissivity properties of the inner facing.
Avantageusement les fibres utilisées pour le matelas 12 sont synthétiques et réalisées à partir d'un polymère contenant de fines particules métalliques réfléchissantes, comme par exemple de l'aluminium, de telle sorte que lors de l'extrusion de ce compound spécialement formulé les parois de ces fibres sont réfléchissantes. Leur pouvoir réfléchissant est d'au moins 90% de préférence 98% de l'énergie incidente, pour des températures comprises entre 20 C et 80 C, se situant essentiellement dans le domaine des longueurs d'onde infra-rouge; l'émissivité hémisphérique moyenne C de telles fibres est généralement de 0,1 mais de préférence inférieure à 0,02 mesurée dans la bande de longueurs d'onde comprise entre 3 pm et 25 pm pour une température comprise entre 20 C et 60 C. Advantageously, the fibers used for the mattress 12 are synthetic and made from a polymer containing fine reflective metal particles, such as for example aluminum, so that during the extrusion of this specially formulated compound the walls of these fibers are reflective. Their reflectivity is at least 90% preferably 98% of the incident energy, for temperatures between 20 C and 80 C, lying essentially in the field of infrared wavelengths; the average hemispherical emissivity C of such fibers is generally 0.1, but preferably less than 0.02, measured in the wavelength band between 3 μm and 25 μm for a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 60 ° C.
Les fibres du matelas intercalaire peuvent être creuses pour améliorer les propriétés d'isolation thermique. The fibers of the interlayer mat can be hollow to improve the thermal insulation properties.
De préférence, dans un lé 1 d'isolant thermique (voir Fig.8 et 9), les bords longitudinaux 12a, 12b du matelas intercalaire 12 sont situés en retrait, notamment d'environ 10 à 20mm, des bords longitudinaux des parements extérieur et intérieur, lesquels sont réunis par collage ou soudage suivant des lignes 13a, 13b. Une bande longitudinale 14a, 14b dépourvue de trous est prévue le long des bords longitudinaux. La largeur W de cette bande est au moins égale à la largeur Q (Fig.7) de recouvrement de lés successifs pour éviter des remontées capillaires à travers des trous 8. Preferably, in a web 1 of thermal insulation (see FIGS. 8 and 9), the longitudinal edges 12a, 12b of the interlayer mat 12 are set back, in particular about 10 to 20mm, from the longitudinal edges of the outer faces and inside, which are joined by gluing or welding along lines 13a, 13b. A longitudinal strip 14a, 14b devoid of holes is provided along the longitudinal edges. The width W of this strip is at least equal to the width Q (FIG. 7) of overlapping successive strips to prevent capillary rise through holes 8.
Le parement réfléchissant 13 peut être constitué par une feuille 5 métallique réfléchissante qui, une fois percée d'une multitude de trous, permet le passage de la vapeur d'eau. The reflective facing 13 may be constituted by a reflective metal sheet which, once pierced with a multitude of holes, allows the passage of water vapor.
Les zones de liaison fortement densifiées 6,6a,6b créent localement une réduction de l'épaisseur du matelas formant des dépressions localisées 15 (Fig.2 et 3) induisant un effet molleton. Cette réduction d'épaisseur localisée o peut atteindre jusqu'à 70% de l'épaisseur totale du matelas 12. Après mise en place, notamment par collage, du parement extérieur 11 sur le matelas 12, les dépressions 15 forment des chambres essentiellement fermées, contribuant à l'isolation thermique. The highly densified bonding zones 6, 6a, 6b locally create a reduction in the thickness of the mattress forming localized depressions (FIGS. 2 and 3) inducing a fleece effect. This reduction in localized thickness o may reach up to 70% of the total thickness of the mattress 12. After placing, in particular by bonding, the outer facing 11 on the mattress 12, the depressions 15 form essentially closed chambers, contributing to thermal insulation.
Lors de la fabrication de l'isolant mince réfléchissant respirant le parement supérieur de l'isolant recouvre toute la surface de la couche intermédiaire. Ce parement est assujetti à la couche intermédiaire par collage ou soudure ou tout autre moyen équivalent selon une ligne continue qui ferme les bords longitudinaux de l'isolant. During the manufacture of the thin reflective breathable insulation the upper facing of the insulation covers the entire surface of the intermediate layer. This facing is subject to the intermediate layer by gluing or welding or any other equivalent means in a continuous line that closes the longitudinal edges of the insulation.
Le parement fixé latéralement est donc tendu sur la surface de la couche intermédiaire ménageant, dans les zones de liaison au droit des dépressions localisées 15, des volumes d'air inertes situés en regard de la face intérieure à très faible émissivité du parement extérieur contribuant à améliorer à ces endroits l'isolation thermique de ces lames d'air. The laterally fixed facing is therefore stretched over the surface of the intermediate layer leaving, in the zones of connection to the right of the localized depressions 15, inert air volumes located opposite the inner face of very low emissivity of the outer facing contributing to to improve in these places the thermal insulation of these blades of air.
Selon le mode de fabrication préférentiel, l'aiguilletage du parement intérieur de l'isolant sur la couche isolante intermédiaire est interrompu sur une largeur correspondant à la largeur du recouvrement longitudinal des lés de cet isolant mince réfléchissant respirant; pratiquement cela conduit à une largeur de 100 mm. Cette disposition évite les remontées capillaires dans la zone de recouvrement des lés. According to the preferred method of manufacture, the needling of the inner facing of the insulation on the intermediate insulating layer is interrupted over a width corresponding to the width of the longitudinal overlap of the strips of this thin reflective breathable insulator; practically this leads to a width of 100 mm. This arrangement avoids the capillary rise in the overlapping area les.
L'isolant I peut être utilisé en complément d'une isolation thermique en place conservée, en étant installé par l'extérieur, sans créer une condensation nuisible. Dans cette configuration, l'isolant assure également les fonctions d'un écran souple de sous-toiture à Haute Perméabilité à la Vapeur d'eau (écran H.P.V) Les films plastiques armés utilisés pour la fabrication du parement intérieur de l'isolant sont généralement composés de matières plastiques courantes telles du polyester, du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, ou tout autre polymère ayant des propriétés analogues. Insulation I can be used in addition to a thermal insulation in place preserved, being installed from the outside, without creating harmful condensation. In this configuration, the insulation also performs the functions of a flexible underlays screen with high water vapor permeability (HPV screen). The reinforced plastic films used for the manufacture of the interior facing of the insulation are generally compounds of common plastics such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, or any other polymer having similar properties.
Le parement réfléchissant intérieur 13 peut être constitué d'une feuille métallique réfléchissante associée par collage à un film plastique, notamment multicouche tel que défini précédemment, mais ne comportant pas de film métallisé. Ce film, étanche par lui-même, devient perméable après percement des trous 8. The inner reflective facing 13 may consist of a reflective metal sheet associated by bonding to a plastic film, in particular multilayer as defined above, but not comprising a metallized film. This film, waterproof by itself, becomes permeable after drilling holes 8.
Le matelas de fibres intercalaire 12 peut être constitué: - de fibres synthétiques ayant reçu un traitement hydrophobe liées entre elles par tout moyen approprié pour former un réseau tri-dimensionnel, - ou de fibres hydrophiles facilitant le passage de la vapeur d'eau, to - ou de fibres synthétiques métallisées ou ayant une très forte brillance, - ou de fibres naturelles telles que de la laine de verre ou de roche ou des fibres d'origines végétales ou animales. The interlayer fiber mat 12 may consist of: synthetic fibers having a hydrophobic treatment bonded together by any appropriate means to form a three-dimensional network, or hydrophilic fibers facilitating the passage of water vapor, - or metallized synthetic fibers or having a very high gloss, - or natural fibers such as glass wool or rock or fibers of vegetable or animal origins.
Avec des fibres hydrophobes, lors de condensation superficielle éventuelle de vapeur d'eau en provenance du volume intérieur du bâtiment, les fines gouttelettes d'eau sont piégées par les fibres de ce matelas superficiel évitant qu'elles ne retombent à l'intérieur. With hydrophobic fibers, during the eventual superficial condensation of water vapor from the interior volume of the building, the fine droplets of water are trapped by the fibers of this superficial mattress preventing them from falling back inside.
Avec des fibres hydrophiles, lors de condensation passagère superficielle, les fines gouttelettes d'eau sont piégées par les fibres dépassant qui les entraînent à l'intérieur de la couche intermédiaire puis sont évacuées par le parement extérieur respirant Avec des fibres métallisées, on évite d'altérer les propriétés d'émissivité du parement intérieur. With hydrophilic fibers, during superficial transient condensation, the fine water droplets are trapped by the protruding fibers which carry them inside the intermediate layer and then are evacuated by the breathable outer skin With metallized fibers, it is avoided alter the emissivity properties of the inner facing.
Les fibres synthétiques utilisées pour la couche isolante 25 intermédiaire peuvent être creuses de façon a accroître leur propriétés d'isolation thermique. The synthetic fibers used for the intermediate insulating layer may be hollowed so as to increase their thermal insulating properties.
Avantageusement, ce matelas intercalaire a une épaisseur comprise entre 5 mm et 20 mm, la masse surfacique étant comprise entre 100 et 1000 g/m2, L'isolant thermique souple, mince et réfléchissant, possède un coefficient de conductivité thermique À égal ou inférieur à 0,04 W/m.K (watt par mètre.degré Kelvin). Advantageously, this intermediate mat has a thickness of between 5 mm and 20 mm, the density per unit being between 100 and 1000 g / m 2, the flexible thermal insulation, thin and reflective, has a coefficient of thermal conductivity equal to or less than 0.04 W / mK (watt per meter.degree Kelvin).
Les trous 8 créés par le passage des aiguilles, répartis sur toute la surface de la feuille de matière étanche utilisée pour réaliser le parement intérieur, ont un diamètre compris entre 0,1 mm et 1 mm; leur nombre est compris entre 20 000 à 150 000 trous par mètre carré. Le parement intérieur possède, du fait de ces percements, une valeur de perméance au moins égale ou supérieure à celle du parement extérieur. The holes 8 created by the passage of the needles, distributed over the entire surface of the sheet of waterproof material used to make the inner facing, have a diameter of between 0.1 mm and 1 mm; their number is between 20,000 to 150,000 holes per square meter. The inner facing has, due to these openings, a permeance value at least equal to or greater than that of the outer facing.
Avantageusement, les parements extérieurs I1, 13 ont une émissivité hémisphérique moyenne spectrales généralement de 0,4 mais de préférence inférieure à 0,25, mesurée dans la bande de longueurs d'onde comprise entre 3pm et 14pm pour une température comprise entre 20 C et 60 C. La réflectivité moyenne est au minimum de 60% mais de préférence supérieure à 75% de l'énergie totale reçue. Advantageously, the outer cladding I1, 13 have a spectral average hemispheric emissivity generally of 0.4 but preferably less than 0.25, measured in the wavelength band between 3pm and 14pm for a temperature between 20 C and C. The average reflectivity is at least 60% but preferably greater than 75% of the total energy received.
Le parement 13 a une émissivité hémisphérique moyenne spectrale e généralement de 0,02 mesurée dans la bande de longueurs d'onde comprise entre 3pm et 14pm pour une température comprise entre 20 C et 60 C. La o réflectivité moyenne est au minimum de 98% de l'énergie totale reçue. The facing 13 has a spectral mean hemispheric emissivity e generally of 0.02 measured in the wavelength band between 3pm and 14pm for a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 60 ° C. The average reflectivity is at least 98%. the total energy received.
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FR0503794A FR2884589B1 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2005-04-15 | REFLECTIVE THIN INSULATION FOR UNDERROOF, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE INSULATION |
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EP1756379A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2007-02-28 | Icopal Sas | Thin reflective insulation for roof underlay |
FR2911354A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-18 | Sud Iso Production Soc Respons | Chassis element for insulation panel, has base plate and edge releasing central housing that receives insulating complex panel, where each edge generates air blade and base plate has rectangular U-shaped cut for forming junction tab |
FR2912203A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-08 | France Systemes | Multilayer composite insulation, useful e.g. in buildings, comprises perforated flexible film and flexible non-woven mat with fibers passing through the perforations |
FR2922989A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-05-01 | Electricite De France | THERMOINSULATING MATERIAL BASED ON ORGANIC FIBERS AND AN INFRARED RADIATION BREAKING POWDER, AND ITS USE IN THERMAL INSULATION. |
CN105946321A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2016-09-21 | 株式会社钟化 | Heat insulating sheet and heat insulating material |
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EP1756379A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2007-02-28 | Icopal Sas | Thin reflective insulation for roof underlay |
FR2911354A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-18 | Sud Iso Production Soc Respons | Chassis element for insulation panel, has base plate and edge releasing central housing that receives insulating complex panel, where each edge generates air blade and base plate has rectangular U-shaped cut for forming junction tab |
FR2912203A1 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-08 | France Systemes | Multilayer composite insulation, useful e.g. in buildings, comprises perforated flexible film and flexible non-woven mat with fibers passing through the perforations |
FR2922989A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-05-01 | Electricite De France | THERMOINSULATING MATERIAL BASED ON ORGANIC FIBERS AND AN INFRARED RADIATION BREAKING POWDER, AND ITS USE IN THERMAL INSULATION. |
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CN105946321A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2016-09-21 | 株式会社钟化 | Heat insulating sheet and heat insulating material |
EP2944858A4 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-02-15 | Kaneka Corporation | Heat insulating sheet, heat insulating material, heat insulating sheet manufacturing method, and heat insulating material manufacturing method |
US10099446B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2018-10-16 | Kaneka Corporation | Heat insulating sheet, heat insulating material, method of manufacturing heat insulating sheet, and method of manufacturing heat insulating material |
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