FR2883076A1 - Reflecting telescope for e.g. planetary observation, has convertible system allowing reception of planetary image by Cassegrain type convex hyperbolic secondary mirror, and collection of stellate image by Newton type plane secondary mirror - Google Patents

Reflecting telescope for e.g. planetary observation, has convertible system allowing reception of planetary image by Cassegrain type convex hyperbolic secondary mirror, and collection of stellate image by Newton type plane secondary mirror Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2883076A1
FR2883076A1 FR0502455A FR0502455A FR2883076A1 FR 2883076 A1 FR2883076 A1 FR 2883076A1 FR 0502455 A FR0502455 A FR 0502455A FR 0502455 A FR0502455 A FR 0502455A FR 2883076 A1 FR2883076 A1 FR 2883076A1
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mirror
image
planetary
astronomical telescope
secondary mirror
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FR0502455A
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French (fr)
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FR2883076B1 (en
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Antoine Sarayotis
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G02B23/06—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors having a focussing action, e.g. parabolic mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/061—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/1822—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors comprising means for aligning the optical axis
    • G02B7/1824—Manual alignment
    • G02B7/1825—Manual alignment made by screws, e.g. for laser mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)

Abstract

The telescope has a Cassegrain type concave parabolic primary mirror (1). A convertible system has a Cassegrain type convex hyperbolic secondary mirror (2) and a Newton type plane secondary mirror (3) placed at 45 degrees. The system allows a planetary image to be received and reflected by the mirror (2) to the mirror (1) in a Cassegrain mode, and a stellate image to be collected by the mirror (3) from the mirror (1) in a Newton mode. The planetary image is focused in an eyepiece (F) at the rear outlet of the telescope. The stellate image is focused in the eyepiece on the side of the telescope.

Description

La présente invention concerne un télescope astronomique.The present invention relates to an astronomical telescope.

La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un système optique tel que mis en oeuvre dans un télescope astronomique dit de Cassegrain de l'art antérieur. Le système optique est arrangé de telle sorte que le flux lumineux (L) provenant d'un objet à l'infini, transmis dans une direction venant de la gauche de la figure 1, se trouve collecté par un miroir parabolique (1), dit miroir primaire. Le faisceau ainsi réfléchi se projette alors sur un miroir hyperbolique convexe (2), dit miroir secondaire. Le faisceau collecté par le miroir secondaire (2) forme une image qui converge vers le foyer (F). Le miroir primaire (1) étant percé en son centre, le foyer du miroir hyperbolique (2) se trouve être en retrait par rapport au tube portant le miroir primaire (1). Ce foyer (F) est appelé foyer de Cassegrain.  Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an optical system as implemented in an astronomical telescope said Cassegrain of the prior art. The optical system is arranged so that the luminous flux (L) from an object at infinity, transmitted in a direction from the left of Figure 1, is collected by a parabolic mirror (1), said primary mirror. The beam thus reflected then projects onto a convex hyperbolic mirror (2), called a secondary mirror. The beam collected by the secondary mirror (2) forms an image that converges towards the focus (F). As the primary mirror (1) is bored at its center, the focus of the hyperbolic mirror (2) is set back from the tube carrying the primary mirror (1). This hearth (F) is called the home of Cassegrain.

Il est connu que le télescope de Cassegrain peut être utilisé comme un réflecteur présentant une longue focale. [1 est surtout utilisé pour l'observation planétaire ou d'étoiles doubles.  It is known that the Cassegrain telescope can be used as a reflector with a long focal length. [1 is mostly used for planetary observation or double stars.

La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un système optique tel que mis en oeuvre dans un télescope astronomique dit de Newton de l'art antérieur. Le système optique est arrangé de telle sorte que le flux lumineux (L) provenant d'un objet à l'infini, transmis dans une direction venant de la gauche de la figure 2, se trouve collecté par un miroir parabolique (1), dit miroir primaire. Le faisceau ainsi réfléchi se projette alors sur un miroir secondaire plan (3) positionné à 45 , Le faisceau collecté par le miroir (3) forme une image qui converge en direction du foyer (F) sur le côté du télescope. Ce foyer est appelé foyer de Newton.  FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an optical system as implemented in an astronomical telescope known as Newton of the prior art. The optical system is arranged so that the luminous flux (L) from an object at infinity, transmitted in a direction from the left of Figure 2, is collected by a parabolic mirror (1), said primary mirror. The beam thus reflected then projects on a secondary plane mirror (3) positioned at 45. The beam collected by the mirror (3) forms an image that converges towards the focus (F) on the side of the telescope. This home is called Newton's home.

Il est connu que le télescope de Newton peut être utilisé comme un réflecteur présentant une courte focale, mais possédant une image très lumineuse. Il est surtout utilisé pour l'observation stellaire, du ciel profond.  It is known that Newton's telescope can be used as a reflector having a short focal length, but having a very bright image. It is mostly used for stellar observation, deep sky.

L'objectif de la présente invention est de proposer un télescope astronomique simple dans sa conception et facile dans son utilisation, réalisé avec deux miroirs secondaires, dont l'un hyperbolique convexe de type Cassegrain et l'autre plan positionné à 45 de type Newton. L'agencement des miroirs dans la partie secondaire permet d'obtenir deux configurations différentes intégrées dans un seul et même système convertible, ce système est fixé au centre du tube du télescope, entre les lames de l'araignée, il offre ainsi par sa conception, un télescope transformable.  The object of the present invention is to provide an astronomical telescope simple in its design and easy to use, made with two secondary mirrors, one hyperbolic convex Cassegrain type and the other plane positioned at 45 Newton type. The arrangement of the mirrors in the abutment makes it possible to obtain two different configurations integrated in one and the same convertible system, this system is fixed at the center of the telescope tube, between the blades of the spider, it thus offers by its design , a transformable telescope.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un télescope astronomique comprenant, clans l'ordre, de l'entrée du faisceau lumineux (L) à sa sortie (F) : - un miroir réflecteur primaire parabolique concave (1), de type Cassegrain. un système pivotant fixé au centre de l'araignée, supportant: - un miroir secondaire hyperbolique convexe (2), de type Cassegrain. - et un miroir secondaire plan positionné à 45 (3), type Newton.  To this end, the invention relates to an astronomical telescope comprising, in order, from the input of the light beam (L) at its output (F): a concave parabolic primary reflector mirror (1) of the Cassegrain type. a pivoting system fixed to the center of the spider, supporting: a convex hyperbolic secondary mirror (2), of the Cassegrain type. - and a secondary mirror plane positioned at 45 (3), Newton type.

Selon l'invention le système pivotant comprend un premier miroir secondaire hyperbolique convexe, de type Cassegrain avec les possibilités de centrage et réglage en profondeur, puis un deuxième miroir secondaire plan positionné à 45 , de type Newton, avec les possibilités de centrage et réglage en rotation. Les deux miroirs possédant des caractéristiques différentes, sont montés diamétralement opposés, dans un système pivotant d'un demi-tour au centre de l'araignée, le système permet l'immobilisation de chacun des deux miroirs en position axiale du faisceau lumineux. Cette combinaison particulière permet l'utilisation de l'une ou l'autre configuration pour l'observation astronomique.  According to the invention, the pivoting system comprises a first convex hyperbolic secondary mirror of Cassegrain type with the possibilities of centering and depth adjustment, then a second secondary plane mirror positioned at 45, of Newton type, with the possibilities of centering and adjustment in rotation. The two mirrors having different characteristics, are mounted diametrically opposed, in a pivoting system of a half turn in the center of the spider, the system allows the immobilization of each of the two mirrors in the axial position of the light beam. This particular combination allows the use of either configuration for astronomical observation.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détails en référence aux dessins (1 à 6) annexés dans lesquels: - la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un télescope de type Cassegrain de l'art antérieur décrit plus haut; la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un télescope de type Newton de l'art antérieur décrit plus haut; - la figure 3 est une représentation de la vue de dessus en coupe d'un télescope combiné selon l'invention, positionné en configuration de type Cassegrain; - la figure 4 est une représentation de la vue de dessus en coupe d'un télescope combiné selon l'invention, positionné en configuration de type Newton; - la figure 5 est la représentation de deux vues en coupe d'un système préféré selon l'invention. Le dessin de gauche est une projection en vue de dessus du dessin de droite en coupe suivant AA. Le dessin de droite est une projection en vue de gauche du dessin de gauche en coupe suivant BB.  The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (1 to 6), in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a Cassegrain type telescope of the prior art described above; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a Newton-type telescope of the prior art described above; FIG. 3 is a representation of the sectional top view of a combined telescope according to the invention, positioned in Cassegrain type configuration; FIG. 4 is a representation of the sectional top view of a combined telescope according to the invention, positioned in a Newton-type configuration; - Figure 5 is the representation of two sectional views of a preferred system according to the invention. The drawing on the left is a projection in plan view of the right drawing in section along AA. The drawing on the right is a projection in left view of the left drawing in section along BB.

Le système convertible est centré dans le tube du télescope, sa position est maintenue entre les lames de l'araignée (18), elle permet à l'entrée du flux lumineux venant de la gauche de la figure 3 et 4, et provenant d'un objet céleste placé à l'infini de se propager suivant le flux optique (L), il passe alors autour du système convertible avant d'être projeté sur le miroir sphérique concave (1). dit miroir primaire, son diamètre est percé en son centre.  The convertible system is centered in the tube of the telescope, its position is maintained between the blades of the spider (18), it allows the entry of the luminous flux coming from the left of the figure 3 and 4, and coming from a celestial object placed at infinity to propagate along the optical flow (L), it then passes around the convertible system before being projected onto the concave spherical mirror (1). said primary mirror, its diameter is pierced at its center.

Sur la figure 3, la représentation de l'objet céleste à observer étant planétaire, le système optique se trouve alors positionné en mode dit de Cassegrain.  In FIG. 3, the representation of the celestial object to be observed being planetary, the optical system is then positioned in so-called Cassegrain mode.

Le système convertible est maintenu à l'arrêt par le serrage manuel du bouton moleté (13), ce freinage évite les vibrations pendant l'observation et garantit le maintien axial de l'ensemble. Le flux lumineux de l'image (L), collecté par le miroir primaire (1), est renvoyé sur le miroir sphérique convexe (2) du système convertible. L'image planétaire reçue sur le miroir convexe (2), a la possibilité d'être orientée dans l'axe du foyer par le réglage des vis du barillet (8), agissant sur le porte-miroir (4) muni de son pare-lumière (6). L'image ainsi réfléchie par le miroir (2) converge vers le trou central du miroir primaire (1) avant d'être focalisée dans l'oculaire (F) à la sortie arrière du télescope.  The convertible system is kept at a standstill by the manual tightening of the knurled knob (13), this braking prevents vibrations during the observation and ensures the axial maintenance of the assembly. The luminous flux of the image (L), collected by the primary mirror (1), is returned to the convex spherical mirror (2) of the convertible system. The planetary image received on the convex mirror (2) has the possibility of being oriented in the axis of the focus by adjusting the screws of the barrel (8), acting on the mirror holder (4) provided with its mirror -light (6). The image thus reflected by the mirror (2) converges towards the central hole of the primary mirror (1) before being focused in the eyepiece (F) at the rear exit of the telescope.

Sur la figure 4, la représentation de l'objet céleste à observer étant stellaire, la configuration du télescope se trouver modifiée. Le positionnement du système optique en mode dit de Newton, s'effectue par le changement du miroir secondaire hyperbolique convexe (2), le système pivote autour d'un axe pour amener le miroir secondaire plan (3) en position d'observation.  In FIG. 4, the representation of the celestial object to be observed being stellar, the configuration of the telescope will be modified. The positioning of the optical system in Newton's so-called mode is effected by changing the convex hyperbolic secondary mirror (2), the system pivots about an axis to bring the secondary plane mirror (3) to the observation position.

Le desserrage le bouton moleté (13) libère le système convertible, une brève impulsion manuelle, dans un sens ou dans l'autre, entraîne la rotation du palier central (10), ce palier permet à l'ensemble du système d'effectuer une rotation de 180 sur deux roulements à billes (14 fig.5) autour de l'axe (15 fig.5), cet axe est fixé entre deux brides (17 fig.5) soutenues au centre du tube du télescope par l'araignée (18), cette araignée est constituée de deux lames cintrées, assurant la liaison entre le système convertible et le tulbe du télescope. Deux poussoirs à ressort (11 et 12), vissés sur le palier (10), produisent l'immobilisation instantanée du système en agissant sur la bague d'arrêt (16), cette bague possède deux logements coniques pouvant contenir la bille des poussoirs en position d'observation. Le miroir plan (3), se trouve positionné face au miroir primaire (1), le système est alors freiné par le serrage du bouton moleté (13). En agissant sur le réglage des vis du barillet (9), le porte-miroir (5), a la possibilité d'orienter l'image ainsi réfléchie, dans l'axe optique des miroirs. La position de cette configuration, permet au miroir plan (3) de collecter l'image stellaire du miroir primaire (1), pour être focalisée dans l'oculaire (F) sur le côté du tube de télescope. -4,-  Loosening the knurled knob (13) releases the convertible system, a short manual pulse in one direction or the other causes the central bearing (10) to rotate, this bearing allows the entire system to perform a rotation of 180 on two ball bearings (14 fig.5) around the axis (15 fig.5), this axis is fixed between two flanges (17 fig.5) supported in the center of the telescope tube by the spider (18), this spider consists of two curved blades, providing the link between the convertible system and the tulbe of the telescope. Two spring plungers (11 and 12), screwed on the bearing (10), produce the instant immobilization of the system by acting on the stop ring (16), this ring has two conical housings that can contain the ball of the pushers. observation position. The plane mirror (3) is positioned facing the primary mirror (1), the system is then braked by the tightening of the knurled knob (13). By acting on the adjustment of the screws of the barrel (9), the mirror holder (5) has the possibility of orienting the image thus reflected, in the optical axis of the mirrors. The position of this configuration allows the plane mirror (3) to collect the stellar image of the primary mirror (1), to be focused in the eyepiece (F) on the side of the telescope tube. -4 -

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS 1.Télescope astronomique comprenant, dans l'ordre, de l'entrée du faisceau lumineux à sa sortie, un miroir réflecteur parabolique concave (1) figures 3 et 4, et un système convertible combiné figure:5, caractérisé en ce que ledit système comprend un miroir hyperbolique convexe (2), et un miroir plan à 45 (3).  1.An astronomical telescope comprising, in the order of the entry of the light beam at its exit, a concave parabolic reflector mirror (1) FIGS. 3 and 4, and a combined convertible system FIG. 5, characterized in that said system comprises a convex hyperbolic mirror (2), and a plane mirror 45 (3). 2.Télescope astronomique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le miroir convexe (2), possède un porte-miroir (4), muni d'un filetage permettant l'assemblage du pare-lumière (6), et le maintien du miroir (2), un perçage et lamage en son centre permet le logement d'un ressort et le passage d'une vis de serrage.  2. astronomical telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that the convex mirror (2) has a mirror holder (4), provided with a thread allowing the assembly of the light shield (6), and the maintenance of the mirror (2), a bore and countersink at its center allows the housing of a spring and the passage of a clamping screw. 3.Télescope astronomique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2 caractérisé en ce que le porte-miroir (4) possède un barillet (8) comportant trois vis de réglage, agissant directement sur le porte-miroir (4) et permettant d'orienter le miroir (2). Le barillet (8) est fixé par deux vis sur le palier central (10).  3. astronomical telescope according to any one of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that the mirror holder (4) has a cylinder (8) having three adjusting screws, acting directly on the mirror holder (4) and allowing orient the mirror (2). The barrel (8) is fixed by two screws on the central bearing (10). 4.Télescope astronomique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 3, caractérisé en ce que le miroir plan (3), possède un porte-miroir (5) percé en son centre pour le passage d'une vis de maintien et d'un ressort serré par un écrou.  4.An astronomical telescope according to any one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the plane mirror (3) has a mirror holder (5) pierced at its center for the passage of a holding screw and a spring tightened by a nut. 5.Télescope astronomique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le porte-miroir (5) possède un barillet (9) comportant trois vis de réglage, agissant directement sur le porte-miroir (5) et permettant d'orienter le miroir (3), ce barillet (9) est fixé par une vis sur le palier central (10).  5. astronomical telescope according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the mirror holder (5) has a cylinder (9) having three adjusting screws, acting directly on the mirror holder (5) and allowing orienting the mirror (3), this barrel (9) is fixed by a screw on the central bearing (10). 6.Télescope astronomique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que le système possède un palier central (10) sur lequel sont fixés les deux barillets (8 et 9), il est constitué aussi des éléments suivants: - deux poussoirs à ressort (11 et 12) munis d'une bille, sont vissés sur le palier central (10), leur poussée est réglable.  6. astronomical telescope according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the system has a central bearing (10) on which are fixed the two barrels (8 and 9), it is also constituted by the following elements: - two spring loaded pushers (11 and 12) are screwed onto the central bearing (10), their thrust is adjustable. - un bouton moleté (13), possédant un filetage est vissé sur le palier central.  a knurled knob (13) having a thread is screwed onto the central bearing. - une bague d'arrêt (16), comportant deux logements à cranter, est tenue serrée entre deux roulements (14) pouvant être orientée autour de l'axe(15).  - A stop ring (16), comprising two slots to be locked, is held tight between two bearings (14) can be oriented about the axis (15). - deux roulements à billes (14) avec leur bague extérieure ajustée sur le palier central (10) et leur bague intérieure maintenue sur l'axe (15).  - Two ball bearings (14) with their outer ring fitted on the central bearing (10) and their inner ring held on the shaft (15). - un axe central (15) monté entre les brides (17) serré par deux écrous.  - A central axis (15) mounted between the flanges (17) clamped by two nuts. 7.Télescope astronomique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce que le système possède deux brides (17) enveloppant les lames de l'araignée (18) serrées sur l'axe (15).  7. astronomical telescope according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the system has two flanges (17) enveloping the blades of the spider (18) clamped on the axis (15). 8.Télescope astronomique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 35 caractérisé en ce que le système possède une araignée (18), constituée de deux lames de feuillard, cintrées et tendues autour des brides (17), ces lames forment quatre branches dont chaque extrémité est fixée sur le tube.  8.An astronomical telescope according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the system has a spider (18) consisting of two strips of strip, bent and stretched around the flanges (17), these blades form four branches each end of which is attached to the tube.
FR0502455A 2005-03-14 2005-03-14 CONVERTIBLE ASTRONOMIC TELESCOPE Expired - Fee Related FR2883076B1 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2923303A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2009-05-08 Antoine Sarayotis ASTRONOMIC TELESCOPE WITH ROTATING CLOSURE BLADE
CN106908961A (en) * 2017-04-24 2017-06-30 上海航天控制技术研究所 Optical module adjustment method and instrument based on infrared imaging
WO2017180704A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Opto-mechanical part for parabolic mirror fine rotation and on-axis linear positioning
US10048205B2 (en) 2016-04-14 2018-08-14 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Characterizing petroleum product contamination using fluorescence signal
LU102315B1 (en) 2020-12-16 2022-06-21 Svlux Sarl Convertible Telescope

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3840284A (en) * 1972-02-25 1974-10-08 A Rand Portable telescope
JPH1039233A (en) * 1996-07-24 1998-02-13 Goto Kogaku Kenkyusho:Kk Telescope commonly used for cassegrainian and newtonian systems

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