FR2818939A1 - Electric current generator to power electric vehicle has osmotic wall that separates two compartments in reaction chamber to which liquid reagents are delivered, with spent reagents collected in recovery tank - Google Patents

Electric current generator to power electric vehicle has osmotic wall that separates two compartments in reaction chamber to which liquid reagents are delivered, with spent reagents collected in recovery tank Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2818939A1
FR2818939A1 FR0100020A FR0100020A FR2818939A1 FR 2818939 A1 FR2818939 A1 FR 2818939A1 FR 0100020 A FR0100020 A FR 0100020A FR 0100020 A FR0100020 A FR 0100020A FR 2818939 A1 FR2818939 A1 FR 2818939A1
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compartments
electric current
reagents
generator
partition
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FR0100020A
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French (fr)
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Julien Yann Diperi
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The electric current generator (1) uses chemical reactions to produce electric current. An osmotic wall (2) separates two compartments in the reaction chamber and liquid reagents are delivered to each compartment from storage tanks (7,8). Spent reagents are collected in a recovery tank (17). A flushing agent cleans the reaction chambers when empty.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1> <Desc / Clms Page number 1>

On cherche actuellement à remplacer les moteurs thermiques des véhicules automobiles par des moteurs non polluant comme le moteur électrique. A cet égard, on utilise des batteries d'accumulateurs comme source d'énergie. Ces batteries présentent des inconvénients majeurs rédhibitoires : le poids, l'autonomie, le temps de recharge. Il n'est pas possible, pour des raisons techniques et économiques, de remplacer facilement une batterie déchargée par une batterie chargée. On reste donc résolument orienté vers la recharge électrique qui demande beaucoup de temps et immobilise en conséquence le véhicule.  We are currently seeking to replace the internal combustion engines of motor vehicles with non-polluting engines such as the electric motor. In this regard, storage batteries are used as an energy source. These batteries have major drawbacks: weight, autonomy, recharge time. It is not possible, for technical and economic reasons, to easily replace a discharged battery with a charged battery. We therefore remain resolutely oriented towards electric charging which requires a lot of time and immobilizes the vehicle accordingly.

La présente invention propose une solution convenable à ce problème. Il s'agit d'utiliser à la place de l'accumulateur, un ensemble d'éléments comprenant des piles électriques non rechargeables dont on pourrait remplacer commodément les seuls éléments actifs.  The present invention provides a suitable solution to this problem. This involves using, instead of the accumulator, a set of elements comprising non-rechargeable electric batteries of which the only active elements could be conveniently replaced.

La figure 1 représente succinctement un générateur électrique comportant une pile selon l'invention.  FIG. 1 briefly shows an electric generator comprising a battery according to the invention.

La figure 2 propose une association de générateurs en vue de leur utilisation finale.  Figure 2 suggests a combination of generators for their final use.

Le générateur électrique est constitué de plusieurs cellules comme celle représentée par la figure 1 comportant une enceinte (1) séparée en deux compartiments (3-4), par une cloison osmotique (2). Chaque compartiment possède une électrode neutre (5-6) ne participant pas aux réactions chimiques. Ces compartiments sont alimentés par deux réservoirs (7-8) via des pompes (9-10). Les réservoirs sont remplis de solutions liquides différentes. Quand le générateur doit débiter du courant électrique, (et seulement dans ce cas) les pompes remplissent les deux compartiments à travers les clapets (11-12-13-14). D'un côté il y a par exemple, un électrolyte (acide, base), de l'autre une solution de sels alcalins ou dissolution métallique. Il s'établit une réaction chimique de type osmotique classique avec production de courant. Quand cette réaction baisse d'intensité et que la f. e. m. de la pile atteint une limite inférieure déterminée, les compartiments se vident à travers les clapets (13-14-15-16) dans un bac de récupération (17) comportant un ou deux compartiments selon les configurations.  The electric generator is made up of several cells like the one shown in FIG. 1 comprising an enclosure (1) separated into two compartments (3-4), by an osmotic partition (2). Each compartment has a neutral electrode (5-6) which does not participate in chemical reactions. These compartments are supplied by two tanks (7-8) via pumps (9-10). The tanks are filled with different liquid solutions. When the generator must deliver electric current, (and only in this case) the pumps fill the two compartments through the valves (11-12-13-14). On the one hand there is, for example, an electrolyte (acid, base), on the other a solution of alkaline salts or metallic dissolution. A classic osmotic type chemical reaction is established with production of current. When this reaction decreases in intensity and the f. e. m. of the stack reaches a determined lower limit, the compartments empty through the valves (13-14-15-16) in a recovery tank (17) comprising one or two compartments depending on the configurations.

La cloison (2) présente une grande surface en regard du volume des compartiments (7) et (8) qui est minimalisé, et qui a donc la plus faible épaisseur possible. On augmente ainsi la puissance par unité de volume au bénéfice du rendement global, et on s'affranchit des problèmes liés à la polarisation des électrodes. Quand la vidange est terminée, les clapets (20-13-18) et (21-14-19) s'ouvrent et laissent passer une lessive appropriée provenant d'un réservoir, pour éliminer les résidus restant dans les compartiments. Cette lessive retourne au dit réservoir via un filtre qui retient les impuretés. Si on utilise comme électrolyte une solution colloïdale ou s'il se produit par suite des réactions chimiques un précipité insoluble, afin d'éviter l'obstruction des pores The partition (2) has a large surface opposite the volume of the compartments (7) and (8) which is minimized, and which therefore has the smallest possible thickness. This increases the power per unit volume for the benefit of overall efficiency, and overcomes the problems associated with the polarization of the electrodes. When the emptying is finished, the valves (20-13-18) and (21-14-19) open and let through an appropriate detergent coming from a tank, to remove the residues remaining in the compartments. This detergent returns to the said reservoir via a filter which retains the impurities. If a colloidal solution is used as the electrolyte or if an insoluble precipitate occurs as a result of chemical reactions, in order to avoid clogging of the pores

<Desc/Clms Page number 2><Desc / Clms Page number 2>

de la cloison, on procédera comme suit : Dans un premier temps, les clapets (20-14- 19) ou (21-13-18) s'ouvrent ; la lessive mise sous pression s'écoule au travers de la cloison en dégageant ses pores, ensuite, on fera écouler normalement cette lessive dans les deux compartiments. La cloison aura une porosité adaptée à cette situation.  from the partition, proceed as follows: Firstly, the valves (20-14-19) or (21-13-18) open; the detergent put under pressure flows through the partition, freeing its pores, then, this detergent will be run normally in the two compartments. The partition will have a porosity adapted to this situation.

Si le générateur est toujours sollicité, les pompes s'activent de nouveau, la pile se remplit et continue à fournir du courant. Le fonctionnement est donc intermittent. D'autres clapets auxiliaires permettent une circulation d'air dans les compartiments pour en faciliter le remplissage et la vidange. La partie du dispositif comprenant les réservoirs, le bac récupérateur, les clapets et les pompes sont communs à plusieurs piles.  If the generator is still used, the pumps are activated again, the battery fills and continues to supply current. Operation is therefore intermittent. Other auxiliary valves allow air circulation in the compartments to facilitate filling and emptying. The part of the device comprising the tanks, the recovery tank, the valves and the pumps are common to several batteries.

Le choix des solutions liquides est assez large. On peut utiliser des composés chimiques dont la réaction s'entretint même en circuit électrique externe ouvert, ce qui n'est pas acceptable avec une pile classique. Ces composés ne sont pas inflammables comme les carburants pétroliers, et ne nécessitent pas des moyens draconiens de transport ou de stockage comme pour l'hydrogène liquide.  The choice of liquid solutions is quite wide. Chemical compounds can be used, the reaction of which is maintained even in an open external electrical circuit, which is not acceptable with a conventional battery. These compounds are not flammable like petroleum fuels, and do not require drastic means of transport or storage like for liquid hydrogen.

Il n'y a pas de production d'électricité pendant la vidange, le nettoyage, et le remplissage de la pile, ce qui peut provoquer des à-coups. Pour y pallier, on peut adopter la solution préconisée en figure 2, où pour alimenter finalement le moteur (22), on utilise parallèlement à un générateur (24), une batterie d'accumulateurs de faible capacité (23), et éventuellement un deuxième générateur (25). Dans ce cas, le fonctionnement de ce dernier sera déphasé par rapport à son semblable, de sorte que quand les piles de l'un se vident ou se remplissent, l'autre fournit du courant, et vice versa. Comme pour les accumulateurs, il faudra associer plusieurs cellules unitaires pour obtenir la f. e. m. nécessaire pour activer le moteur.  There is no production of electricity during draining, cleaning, and filling the battery, which can cause jolts. To overcome this, we can adopt the solution recommended in Figure 2, where to finally power the engine (22), we use in parallel to a generator (24), a low-capacity storage battery (23), and possibly a second generator (25). In this case, the operation of the latter will be out of phase with that of its counterpart, so that when the batteries of one empty or fill up, the other supplies current, and vice versa. As for accumulators, it will be necessary to associate several unit cells to obtain the f. e. m. necessary to activate the engine.

Un véhicule équipé de ce type de générateurs aurait plus d'autonomie, et serait moins lourd que s'il était doté d'accumulateurs. Le remplissage des réservoirs pouvant se faire simultanément avec la vidange du bac récupérateur, le temps nécessaire à ces opérations ne serait guère plus long que celui exigé pour le remplissage d'un véhicule à moteur thermique. A vehicle equipped with this type of generator would have more autonomy, and would be lighter than if it were equipped with accumulators. Since the filling of the tanks can be done simultaneously with the emptying of the recovery tank, the time necessary for these operations would not be much longer than that required for filling a vehicle with an internal combustion engine.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Générateur électrique embarqué pour véhicules automobiles constitué de plusieurs cellules comportant une enceinte (1), comprenant deux compartiments (3)- (4), séparés par une cloison osmotique (2), et des électrodes (5)- (6) caractérisé :  1) On-board electric generator for motor vehicles consisting of several cells comprising an enclosure (1), comprising two compartments (3) - (4), separated by an osmotic partition (2), and electrodes (5) - (6) characterized : En ce que les compartiments (3) et (4) sont respectivement alimentés par intermittence par les réservoirs (7) et (8), en sorte que, quand deux solutions chimiques déterminées différentes remplissent les compartiments, une réaction chimique s'établit avec production de courant électrique, les électrodes ne participant pas aux réactions chimiques. In that the compartments (3) and (4) are supplied intermittently by the reservoirs (7) and (8) respectively, so that, when two different determined chemical solutions fill the compartments, a chemical reaction is established with production of electric current, the electrodes not participating in chemical reactions.
Figure img00030002
Figure img00030002
 - Par le fait que lorsque la réaction chimique des piles devient trop faible et ne produit plus suffisamment de courant électrique, celles-ci se vident, et leurs contenus se déversent dans un bac récupérateur (17).  - By the fact that when the chemical reaction of the batteries becomes too weak and no longer produces enough electric current, they empty, and their contents are discharged into a collecting tank (17). En ce que le rapport entre la surface de la cloison (2) et le volume des liquides contenus dans les compartiments (3) et (4) soit le plus grand possible. In that the ratio between the surface of the partition (2) and the volume of the liquids contained in the compartments (3) and (4) is as large as possible. En ce qu'une fois terminée la vidange des solutions chimiques dans le bac (17), les compartiments (3) et (4) sont nettoyés par le passage d'une"lessive".  In that once the emptying of the chemical solutions in the tank (17) is complete, the compartments (3) and (4) are cleaned by the passage of a "detergent". 2) Générateur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la"lessive" pénètre avec une certaine pression dans un compartiment, traverse la cloison osmotique, et ressort de la pile par l'autre compartiment. 2) Electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the "detergent" penetrates with a certain pressure in a compartment, passes through the osmotic partition, and leaves the battery through the other compartment. 3) Véhicule caractérisé par un générateur réalisé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, associé à une batterie d'accumulateurs de faible capacité, et éventuellement à un deuxième générateur semblable au premier, tels que quand un des générateurs ne produit pas de courant électrique, l'autre en produit et vice versa.3) Vehicle characterized by a generator produced according to one of claims 1 and 2, associated with a low capacity storage battery, and possibly with a second generator similar to the first, such as when one of the generators does not produce current electric, the other in product and vice versa.
FR0100020A 2001-01-03 2001-01-03 Electric current generator to power electric vehicle has osmotic wall that separates two compartments in reaction chamber to which liquid reagents are delivered, with spent reagents collected in recovery tank Withdrawn FR2818939A1 (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578503A (en) * 1967-08-11 1971-05-11 Israel State Devices for the electrochemical generation of electrical current
JPS5596569A (en) * 1979-01-17 1980-07-22 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Liquid circulating secondary battery equipment
US4304823A (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-12-08 Lemelson Jerome H Electrical energy storage system
JPH04101358A (en) * 1990-08-20 1992-04-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Double fluid cell
US5304430A (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-04-19 Hughes Aircraft Company Acid-base concentration cell for electric power generation
US5373910A (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-12-20 Nixon; Dale B. Method of operation for an electric vehicle having multiple replacement batteries
WO1998016402A1 (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-04-23 Pintz Gyoergy Electric vehicle
FR2761816A1 (en) * 1997-04-03 1998-10-09 Charles Leopold Penalba Accumulator with external active material reservoirs

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578503A (en) * 1967-08-11 1971-05-11 Israel State Devices for the electrochemical generation of electrical current
JPS5596569A (en) * 1979-01-17 1980-07-22 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Liquid circulating secondary battery equipment
US4304823A (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-12-08 Lemelson Jerome H Electrical energy storage system
JPH04101358A (en) * 1990-08-20 1992-04-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Double fluid cell
US5304430A (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-04-19 Hughes Aircraft Company Acid-base concentration cell for electric power generation
US5373910A (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-12-20 Nixon; Dale B. Method of operation for an electric vehicle having multiple replacement batteries
WO1998016402A1 (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-04-23 Pintz Gyoergy Electric vehicle
FR2761816A1 (en) * 1997-04-03 1998-10-09 Charles Leopold Penalba Accumulator with external active material reservoirs

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 145 (E - 029) 14 October 1980 (1980-10-14) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 336 (E - 1237) 21 July 1992 (1992-07-21) *

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