FR2764840A1 - ASSEMBLY SYSTEM FOR COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURES REINFORCED BY FIBERS IN MODULAR CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

ASSEMBLY SYSTEM FOR COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURES REINFORCED BY FIBERS IN MODULAR CONSTRUCTION Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2764840A1
FR2764840A1 FR9808001A FR9808001A FR2764840A1 FR 2764840 A1 FR2764840 A1 FR 2764840A1 FR 9808001 A FR9808001 A FR 9808001A FR 9808001 A FR9808001 A FR 9808001A FR 2764840 A1 FR2764840 A1 FR 2764840A1
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France
Prior art keywords
connection
assembly system
pieces
fibers
assembly
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Granted
Application number
FR9808001A
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French (fr)
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FR2764840B1 (en
Inventor
Wilm Felix Unckenbold
Axel Herrmann
Arno Pabsch
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E04C2/365—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels by honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4342—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43421—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B29C66/494—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using an inflatable core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B29C66/496—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/725—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs
    • B29C66/7252—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs hollow-walled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2024/00—Articles with hollow walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/345—Corrugated sheets with triangular corrugations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

Système d'assemblage destiné à des structures en sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire et qui prévoit des pièces de raccord des structures, dans lequel les pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30) sont munies sur leurs côtés frontaux de lèvres de raccord (21, 22; 31, 32) et il est prévu des éléments d'assemblage (40) qui sont formés de telle sorte qu'ils s'adaptent ou peuvent s'adapter entre les lèvres de raccord (21, 22; 31, 32) de pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30) aboutées, et un assemblage par force des pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30) est formé, caractérisé en ce queles éléments d'assemblage (40, sont fabriqués séparément et sont fixés, notamment collés, dans les surfaces de raccord (26 et 36) pour produire un assemblage par force, et les éléments d'assemblage (40) comportent une enveloppe (41, 51) complètement englobante par rapport aux surfaces de raccord (26 et 36). Applications aux domaines des constructions aéronautiques, navales et ferroviaires.An assembly system intended for fiber-reinforced composite sandwich structures in modular construction and which provides for connecting parts of the structures, in which the connecting parts (10, 20, 30) are provided on their front sides with lips of connection (21, 22; 31, 32) and there are provided connecting elements (40) which are formed in such a way that they fit or can fit between the connection lips (21, 22; 31 , 32) of abutting connecting pieces (10, 20, 30), and a press fit of the connecting pieces (10, 20, 30) is formed, characterized in that the connecting elements (40, are manufactured separately and are fixed, in particular glued, in the mating surfaces (26 and 36) to produce an assembly by force, and the assembly elements (40) have a casing (41, 51) completely encompassing with respect to the mating surfaces (26 and 36) Applications to the fields of aeronautical, naval and railway construction.

Description

II

SYSTEME D'ASSEMBLAGE POUR DES STRUCTURES SANDWICHS  ASSEMBLY SYSTEM FOR SANDWICH STRUCTURES

COMPOSITES RENFORCEES PAR DES FIBRES EN CONSTRUCTION  COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY FIBERS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

MODULAIREMODULAR

L'invention concerne un système d'assemblage qui est destiné à des structures sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire et qui prévoit des pièces de raccord des structures. L'utilisation de structures composites renforcées par des fibres et de grandes surfaces prend de nos jours de plus en plus d'importance dans les domaines des constructions aéronautique, navale et ferroviaire. En raison de la grande solidité combinée au faible poids de la structure, on utilise souvent des structures sandwichs dont15 la fabrication pour de grandes surfaces pose toutefois fréquemment des problèmes techniques. On considère donc comme étant une solution idéale la construction modulaire de la structure globale à partir de demi-produits préfabriqués. Les demi-produits préfabriqués doivent donc être assemblés par une technique d'assemblage appropriée pour former des structures composites renforcées par des  The invention relates to an assembly system which is intended for fiber reinforced composite sandwich structures in modular construction and which provides structural connection pieces. The use of fiber-reinforced composite structures and large surfaces is becoming more and more important in the fields of aeronautics, naval and railway construction. Owing to the great solidity combined with the low weight of the structure, sandwich structures are often used, the manufacture of which for large areas, however, frequently poses technical problems. We therefore consider the modular construction of the overall structure from prefabricated semi-products to be an ideal solution. The prefabricated semi-finished products must therefore be assembled by an appropriate assembly technique to form composite structures reinforced by

fibres et de grandes surfaces.fibers and large areas.

On connaît une méthode consistant à munir d'un biseau les pièces de raccord conçues sous forme de demi-produits préfabriqués. Les deux pièces de raccord sont alors biseautées selon un angle de 1: 20 environ, c'est-à-dire  A method is known which consists in providing a bevel with the connecting pieces designed in the form of prefabricated semi-finished products. The two connecting pieces are then bevelled at an angle of approximately 1:20, i.e.

L = 20 H, o L est la longueur et H la hauteur du biseau.  L = 20 H, where L is the length and H the height of the bevel.

Ce biseau sur les pièces de raccord permet de former un assemblage adhérent par force. Cette technique a fait ses preuves dans le cas particulier des réparations. La surface de raccord plus longue d'un facteur 20 que l'épaisseur de la pièce implique une grande dépense technique de fabrication qui, outre les grandes exigences concernant la précision des contours, est aussi liée à un encombrement important. En raison de son coût élevé, cette technique  This bevel on the connecting pieces makes it possible to form an adherent assembly by force. This technique has proven itself in the specific case of repairs. The connection surface longer by a factor of 20 than the thickness of the part involves a large technical manufacturing cost which, in addition to the great requirements concerning the precision of the contours, is also linked to a large bulk. Due to its high cost, this technique

convient peu à la fabrication en série ou en grande série.  unsuitable for mass production or mass production.

Dans un autre contexte, Gerd Hintersdorf a déjà proposé dans "Geklebte Konstruktionen in Wabenbauweise", Fertigungstechnik und Betrieb, 12ème édition 1962, fascicule 8, pages 503 à 537, d'assembler deux panneaux dits en nids d'abeilles en enlevant les zones en nids d'abeilles voisines d'une surface frontale et en collant une barre en nids d'abeilles dans l'espace libre ainsi formé. Le document DE-GM 1 876 723 propose une construction analogue pour la fixation de panneaux sandwichs. Il s'agit aussi d'assembler frontalement deux panneaux sandwichs tout à fait plans et il est proposé d'insérer entre des extrémités en saillie des couches extérieures des panneaux sandwichs une pièce intercalaire en panneau sandwich correspondant en épaisseur et forme à leur espace intérieur. Le brevet DE 25 05 232 Al incite aussi à assembler frontalement de cette manière des panneaux de construction en coquille. Le brevet DE 94 18 409 U1 propose enfin de fabriquer un panneau de sol de tente dans lequel un noyau est introduit entre deux couches extérieures, au moins l'une des couches extérieures étant conçue sous forme de panneau métallique. Cette caractéristique est ici très  In another context, Gerd Hintersdorf has already proposed in "Geklebte Konstruktionen in Wabenbauweise", Fertigungstechnik und Betrieb, 12th edition 1962, booklet 8, pages 503 to 537, to assemble two so-called honeycomb panels by removing the zones in honeycombs close to a frontal surface and by sticking a honeycomb bar in the free space thus formed. Document DE-GM 1 876 723 proposes a similar construction for the fixing of sandwich panels. It is also a question of assembling two completely flat sandwich panels frontally and it is proposed to insert between the projecting ends of the outer layers of the sandwich panels a sandwich panel intermediate piece corresponding in thickness and shape to their interior space. Patent DE 25 05 232 A1 also encourages the front assembly of shell construction panels in this way. Patent DE 94 18 409 U1 finally proposes to manufacture a tent floor panel in which a core is introduced between two outer layers, at least one of the outer layers being designed as a metal panel. This characteristic is here very

importante pour le maintien des panneaux tout à fait plans.  important for keeping the panels completely flat.

Un raccord entre les éléments formant noyaux est prévu, les  A connection between the core elements is provided, the

profils de raccord étant liés aux couches extérieures.  connection profiles being linked to the outer layers.

Toutes ces formes de construction connues ne sont ni prévues ni adaptées à la fabrication de structures sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire, qui sont aussi soumises à de fortes contraintes telles qu'on les rencontre par exemple dans les domaines des constructions aéronautique, navale et ferroviaire. Toutes ces propositions proviennent globalement du domaine de la construction de bâtiments et ne sont pas conçues pour des charges variables telles qu'elles peuvent apparaître par exemple suite à des  All these known forms of construction are neither intended nor suitable for the manufacture of composite sandwich structures reinforced by fibers in modular construction, which are also subjected to high stresses such as are encountered for example in the fields of aeronautical construction, naval and railway. All these proposals come generally from the field of building construction and are not designed for variable loads such as they may appear for example following

influences exercées par des mouvements ou déplacements.  influences exerted by movements or displacements.

L'invention a donc pour objet de proposer un système d'assemblage par force qui est destiné à des structures sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire et qui met en oeuvre un haut degré d'automatisation pour de faibles coûts, des contraintes  The object of the invention is therefore to propose a force assembly system which is intended for composite sandwich structures reinforced by fibers in modular construction and which implements a high degree of automation for low costs, constraints.

élevées étant aussi satisfaites.being also satisfied.

Le problème est résolu selon l'invention par un système d'assemblage destiné à des structures sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire et qui prévoit des pièces de raccord des structures, selon lequel les pièces de raccord sont munies sur leurs côtés frontaux de lèvres de raccord et selon lequel il est prévu des éléments d'assemblage qui sont formés de telle sorte qu'ils s'adaptent ou peuvent s'adapter entre les lèvres de raccord de pièces de raccord aboutées et qu'un assemblage par force des pièces de raccord est formé, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'assemblage sont fabriqués séparément et sont fixés, notamment collés, dans les surfaces de raccord pour produire un assemblage par force, et les éléments d'assemblage comportent une enveloppe complètement englobante par rapport aux surfaces de raccord. On obtient ainsi un système d'assemblage, destiné à des structures sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire, qui met en oeuvre des assemblages par force déterminés et reproductibles. La surface extérieure des structures sandwichs assemblées des modules composites à fibres ou pièces de raccord est uniformément lisse et permet d'éviter des influences néfastes d'un flux passant sur le profil. Les surfaces de raccord des pièces de raccord permettent avantageusement un centrage automatique et donc un haut degré d'automatisation avec des outils de manipulation simples. Une fabrication en série ou35 en grande série peut donc avoir lieu avec le système  The problem is solved according to the invention by an assembly system intended for composite sandwich structures reinforced by fibers in modular construction and which provides structural connection parts, according to which the connection parts are provided on their front sides with connecting lips and according to which connecting elements are provided which are formed in such a way that they adapt or can adapt between the connecting lips of abutting connecting pieces and that a force assembly of the pieces of connection is formed, characterized in that the connection elements are produced separately and are fixed, in particular glued, in the connection surfaces to produce a connection by force, and the connection elements comprise a completely encompassing envelope relative to the connecting surfaces. An assembly system is thus obtained, intended for composite sandwich structures reinforced by fibers in modular construction, which implements assemblies by determined and reproducible force. The exterior surface of the assembled sandwich structures of the fiber composite modules or connecting pieces is uniformly smooth and makes it possible to avoid harmful influences of a flow passing over the profile. The connection surfaces of the connection pieces advantageously allow automatic centering and therefore a high degree of automation with simple handling tools. Mass production or mass production can therefore take place with the system

d'assemblage selon l'invention.assembly according to the invention.

Les éléments d'assemblage fixés, notamment collés à l'intérieur, entre les lèvres de raccord dans la zone des surfaces de raccord sont fabriqués séparément et sont entourés par une enveloppe de tous les côtés par rapport aux surfaces de raccord. L'enveloppe assure un assemblage absolument complet et donc une transmission des forces des éléments d'assemblage avec toutes les surfaces de raccord des deux structures sandwichs composites à fibres mises bout à bout. Toutes les propositions selon l'état de la technique assemblent aux couches extérieures seulement certaines zones partielles des éléments d'assemblage utilisés. Une enveloppe permet par contre un collage, ou une fixation équivalente, de tous  The fasteners fixed, in particular glued on the inside, between the connection lips in the area of the connection surfaces are produced separately and are surrounded by an envelope on all sides with respect to the connection surfaces. The envelope ensures an absolutely complete assembly and therefore a transmission of the forces of the assembly elements with all the connection surfaces of the two sandwich composite fiber structures placed end to end. All the proposals according to the state of the art assemble to the outer layers only certain partial areas of the assembly elements used. An envelope, on the other hand, allows a bonding, or equivalent fixing, of all

les côtés.the sides.

On a en principe un système d'assemblage, qui est destiné à des structures sandwichs composites à fibres en construction modulaire et qui prévoit des pièces de raccord, dans lequel les pièces de raccord sont munies sur leurs côtés frontaux de lèvres de raccord et dans lequel il est prévu des éléments d'assemblage qui sont formés de telle sorte qu'ils s'adaptent ou peuvent s'adapter entre les lèvres de raccord de pièces de raccord aboutées et qu'il se forme un assemblage par force des pièces de raccord. Il est prévu de préférence une lèvre de raccord supérieure et une lèvre de raccord inférieure. La lèvre de raccord supérieure est disposée de préférence dans le plan de la surface extérieure des pièces de raccord, tandis que la lèvre de raccord inférieure est disposée avec un certain angle par rapport à la face inférieure ou surface intérieure des pièces de raccord de manière à obtenir un centrage automatique des surfaces de raccord des pièces de  In principle, there is an assembly system, which is intended for fiber composite sandwich structures in modular construction and which provides connection pieces, in which the connection pieces are provided on their front sides with connection lips and in which connecting elements are provided which are formed in such a way that they adapt or can adapt between the connection lips of butted connection pieces and that an assembly by force of the connection pieces is formed. There is preferably provided an upper connecting lip and a lower connecting lip. The upper connecting lip is preferably arranged in the plane of the outer surface of the connecting pieces, while the lower connecting lip is arranged at an angle to the underside or inner surface of the connecting pieces so that obtain automatic centering of the connection surfaces of the parts

raccord aboutées.butted connection.

L'enveloppe entourant à chaque fois les éléments d'assemblage peut être prévue en particulier selon deux  The envelope surrounding each time the assembly elements can be provided in particular according to two

variantes.variants.

Une première variante des éléments d'assemblage est conçue de telle sorte qu'il est prévu une enveloppe extérieure mince et renforcée par des fibres et un noyau en mousse entouré par l'enveloppe extérieure renforcée par des fibres. L'enveloppe extérieure a de préférence une orientation de fibres convenant aux contraintes. Si elle doit être protégée contre les torsions, elle comporte de préférence un tissu à 45 en fibres de carbone. Par contre, si les fibres sont disposées les unes par rapport aux autres avec un angle de 90 comme des couches unidirectionnelles, des forces de traction ou de  A first variant of the assembly elements is designed such that a thin outer shell reinforced with fibers and a foam core surrounded by the outer shell reinforced with fibers is provided. The outer casing preferably has a fiber orientation suitable for the constraints. If it is to be protected against twisting, it preferably includes a 45 carbon fiber fabric. On the other hand, if the fibers are arranged with respect to each other at an angle of 90 as unidirectional layers, tensile or

compression peuvent être supportées.  compression can be supported.

Le noyau en mousse a de préférence une faible densité. Ainsi, conformément aux exigences, il est très léger.  The foam core preferably has a low density. Thus, in accordance with the requirements, it is very light.

L'enveloppe extérieure des éléments d'assemblage peut être15 fabriquée de préférence selon une technique de tissage de fibres, une fabrication en grande série de l'élément d'assemblage en tant que demi-produit étant alors possible et très avantageuse. L'élément d'assemblage peut aussi comporter de préférence des nappes de fibres cousues ou des fibres tricotées et cousues ayant une extensibilité modérée. Une telle extensibilité modérée correspond à des valeurs supérieures à la base de calcul actuelle de Skrit = 0,4 % pour des structures composites renforcées par des fibres utilisées en aéronautique. Un renforcement25 tridimensionnel par couture des nappes ou des tissus de fibres améliore nettement la tolérance aux dommages de la structure car il empêche la propagation des déchirures éventuelles. Par conséquent, l'extensibilité peut être  The outer envelope of the connecting elements can preferably be produced using a fiber weaving technique, mass production of the connecting element as a semi-finished product then being possible and very advantageous. The connecting element may also preferably comprise plies of sewn fibers or knitted and sewn fibers having moderate extensibility. Such moderate extensibility corresponds to values greater than the current calculation base of Skrit = 0.4% for composite structures reinforced by fibers used in aeronautics. A three-dimensional reinforcement by sewing the plies or the fabrics of fibers markedly improves the tolerance for damage to the structure because it prevents the propagation of possible tears. Therefore, extensibility can be

augmentée par exemple à des valeurs de Ekrit = 0,7 à 0,8 %.  increased for example to values of Ekrit = 0.7 to 0.8%.

Dans une autre variante, un élément d'assemblage correspondant est fabriqué de telle sorte qu'un tuyau en tissu flexible et imprégné au préalable de résine liquide est muni d'un fourreau intérieur. Un tel tuyau en tissu avec fourreau intérieur est inséré dans la surface de raccord entre les lèvres de raccord de deux pièces de raccord mises bout à bout. Une surpression est produite dans le fourreau intérieur. La surpression est produite de préférence en gonflant le fourreau intérieur avec un fluide chaud ou très chaud, notamment de l'air chaud ou de la vapeur très chaude. Le tuyau en tissu entourant le fourreau intérieur s'appuie ainsi au contour des surfaces de raccord des pièces de raccord mises bout à bout. De préférence, le fluide chaud destiné à gonfler le fourreau intérieur permet en même temps de régler de manière déterminée la température nécessaire au durcissement de la résine du tuyau en tissu. Ainsi, la résine des tuyaux en tissu assemble avantageusement, et colle notamment, les pièces de raccord dans la zone des surfaces de raccord entre les  In another variant, a corresponding assembly element is manufactured such that a flexible fabric pipe previously impregnated with liquid resin is provided with an inner sheath. Such a fabric pipe with an inner sheath is inserted into the connection surface between the connection lips of two connection pieces placed end to end. Overpressure is produced in the inner sleeve. The overpressure is preferably produced by inflating the inner sleeve with a hot or very hot fluid, in particular hot air or very hot steam. The fabric pipe surrounding the inner sleeve thus rests on the contour of the connection surfaces of the connection pieces placed end to end. Preferably, the hot fluid intended to inflate the inner sheath makes it possible at the same time to adjust in a determined manner the temperature necessary for the curing of the resin of the fabric pipe. Thus, the resin of the fabric pipes advantageously assembles, and in particular sticks, the connection pieces in the area of the connection surfaces between the

lèvres de raccord des pièces de raccord mises bout à bout.  connection lips of the connection pieces placed end to end.

Pour expliquer de manière plus détaillée l'invention, on décrit cidessous des exemples de réalisation d'un système d'assemblage pour des structures en sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels: la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce de raccord plate avec des lèvres de raccord selon l'invention, la figure 2 est une vue en coupe et en perspective de pièces de raccord selon la figure 1 assemblées avec des éléments d'assemblage selon l'invention, la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'une première forme de réalisation d'un élément d'assemblage selon l'invention, la figure 4 est une deuxième forme de réalisation d'un élément d'assemblage selon l'invention, et la figure 5 est une vue en coupe et en perspective d'une structure en sandwich courbe en construction modulaire avec des lèvres de raccord et des éléments d'assemblage  In order to explain the invention in more detail, below are described exemplary embodiments of an assembly system for composite sandwich structures reinforced by fibers in modular construction, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a flat connecting piece with connecting lips according to the invention, Figure 2 is a sectional and perspective view of connecting pieces according to Figure 1 assembled with connecting elements according to l invention, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of an assembly element according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a second embodiment of an assembly element according to the invention , and Figure 5 is a sectional and perspective view of a curved sandwich structure in modular construction with connecting lips and connecting elements

selon l'invention.according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre une vue en perspective d'une pièce de raccord 10 globalement plate avec des lèvres de raccord 11, 12. La pièce de raccord 10 est conçue comme une structure en sandwich. Sur son bord extérieur, de tous les côtés, les lèvres de raccord 11, 12 dépassent de la face supérieure 13 et de la face inférieure 14 de la pièce de raccord 10. La lèvre de raccord supérieure 11 est disposée dans le plan de la face supérieure 13 ou surface extérieure de la pièce de raccord 10. La lèvre de raccord inférieure 12 est disposée avec un certain angle par rapport à la face inférieure 14 ou surface intérieure de la pièce de raccord 10. La face inférieure de la lèvre de raccord supérieure 11, une paroi extérieure 15 de la pièce de raccord 10 et la face supérieure de la lèvre de raccord inférieure 12  Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a generally flat connection piece 10 with connection lips 11, 12. The connection piece 10 is designed as a sandwich structure. On its outer edge, on all sides, the connecting lips 11, 12 project from the upper face 13 and from the lower face 14 of the connecting piece 10. The upper connecting lip 11 is arranged in the plane of the face upper 13 or outer surface of the connecting piece 10. The lower connecting lip 12 is disposed at an angle relative to the lower face 14 or inner surface of the connecting piece 10. The lower face of the upper connecting lip 11, an outer wall 15 of the connecting piece 10 and the upper face of the lower connecting lip 12

forment ensemble une surface de raccord 16.  together form a connection surface 16.

La figure 2 montre une vue en coupe et en perspective de la pièce de raccord 10 représentée à la figure 1 avec des pièces de raccord 20, 30 adjointes des deux côtés. Les pièces de raccord 20, 30 comportent aussi chacune une lèvre de raccord supérieure 21, 31 et une lèvre de raccord inférieure 22, 32. Les lèvres de raccord supérieures 11, 21, 31 se touchent en un plan. Comme les lèvres de raccord supérieures se trouvent dans un plan, il en résulte sur les faces supérieures 13, 23, 33 des pièces de raccord une  Figure 2 shows a sectional and perspective view of the connecting piece 10 shown in Figure 1 with connecting pieces 20, 30 attached on both sides. The connecting pieces 20, 30 also each have an upper connecting lip 21, 31 and a lower connecting lip 22, 32. The upper connecting lips 11, 21, 31 touch in one plane. As the upper connecting lips lie in a plane, this results on the upper faces 13, 23, 33 of the connecting pieces

structure globale qui a une surface extérieure plane.  overall structure which has a flat outer surface.

Aucune influence ne peut donc s'exercer sur le contour extérieur des modules individuels assemblés sous forme de  No influence can therefore be exerted on the external contour of the individual modules assembled in the form of

pièces de raccord pour la construction sandwich.  connecting parts for sandwich construction.

Les deux pièces de raccord 20, 30 comportent aussi des lèvres de raccord inférieures 22, 32 disposées avec un certain angle par rapport à la face inférieure respective 24, 34 des pièces de raccord. Des éléments d'assemblage 40 sont insérés, fixés par coopération de formes et par force, dans les surfaces de raccord 16, 26 et 16, 36 formées par les pièces de raccord aboutées 10, 20 et 10, 30 avec des  The two connecting pieces 20, 30 also include lower connecting lips 22, 32 arranged at a certain angle relative to the respective lower face 24, 34 of the connecting pieces. Assembly elements 40 are inserted, fixed by cooperation of shapes and by force, in the connection surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36 formed by the butted connection pieces 10, 20 and 10, 30 with

parois extérieures 25, 35.outer walls 25, 35.

Les éléments d'assemblage 40 sont formés et fixés à l'intérieur des surfaces de raccord de telle sorte qu'ils permettent un assemblage par force des pièces de raccord 10, 20 et 10, 30. Comme il est prévu des lèvres de raccord inférieures disposées avec un certain angle par rapport à la face inférieure des pièces de raccord, il se produit un centrage automatique des éléments d'assemblage 40 dans les  The connecting elements 40 are formed and fixed inside the connection surfaces in such a way that they allow the connection pieces 10, 20 and 10, 30 to be assembled by force. As is provided for the lower connection lips arranged at a certain angle with respect to the underside of the connecting pieces, there is an automatic centering of the connecting elements 40 in the

surfaces de raccord respectives 16, 26 et 16, 36.  Respective connecting surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36.

De préférence, les éléments d'assemblage 40 sont collés à l'intérieur des surfaces de raccord 16, 26 et 16, 36. On décrit ci- dessous à l'aide de deux exemples représentés aux figures suivantes la structure des éléments  Preferably, the assembly elements 40 are glued inside the connection surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36. The structure of the elements is described below using two examples shown in the following figures.

d'assemblage fabriqués séparément.  assembly manufactured separately.

La figure 3 montre une vue en perspective d'une première forme de réalisation d'un élément d'assemblage 40 selon l'invention. L'élément d'assemblage 40 comporte une  Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an assembly element 40 according to the invention. The assembly element 40 includes a

enveloppe extérieure 41 mince et renforcée par des fibres.  outer shell 41 thin and reinforced with fibers.

L'enveloppe extérieure 41 entoure complètement un noyau en mousse 42 intérieur. Le noyau en mousse 42 a de préférence une faible densité. Le tissu de l'enveloppe extérieure 41 a de préférence une orientation de fibres convenant aux contraintes. Il est prévu par exemple une orientation de 45 d'un tissu de fibres de carbone. L'enveloppe extérieure 41 renforcée par des fibres peut être fabriquée par exemple selon la technique des fibres tissées. Une fabrication en grande série est ainsi possible. Une variante consiste aussi à mettre en oeuvre cette fabrication au moyen de nappes de fibres cousues ou de fibres tricotées et cousues ayant une extensibilité modérée. Dans tous les cas, l'enveloppe extérieure 41 renforcée par des fibres doit s'adapter à la forme du noyau  The outer casing 41 completely surrounds an inner foam core 42. The foam core 42 preferably has a low density. The fabric of the outer casing 41 preferably has a fiber orientation suitable for the constraints. For example, an orientation of 45 of a carbon fiber fabric is provided. The outer envelope 41 reinforced with fibers can be manufactured for example according to the woven fiber technique. Mass production is thus possible. A variant also consists in implementing this manufacture by means of sheets of sewn fibers or knitted and sewn fibers having moderate extensibility. In all cases, the outer envelope 41 reinforced by fibers must adapt to the shape of the core.

en mousse 42.foam 42.

Le noyau en mousse 42 est formé de telle sorte qu'il s'adapte de manière optimale dans les surfaces de raccord entre les pièces de raccord assemblées. Le noyau en mousse est donc en forme de barre et a une section sensiblement pentagonale. Trois côtés du pentagone sont disposés avec des angles de 90 les uns par rapport aux autres. Les deux côtés restants forment ensemble un angle obtus et ont environ la moitié de la longueur du côté opposé. Comme ces deux côtés inférieurs forment ensemble un angle obtus, ils reproduisent l'angle des deux lèvres de raccord inférieures l'une par rapport à l'autre et par rapport aux parois extérieures verticales 15, 25 et 15, 35 des pièces de  The foam core 42 is formed in such a way that it adapts optimally in the connection surfaces between the assembled connection pieces. The foam core is therefore in the form of a bar and has a substantially pentagonal section. Three sides of the pentagon are arranged with angles of 90 relative to each other. The two remaining sides together form an obtuse angle and are about half the length of the opposite side. As these two lower sides together form an obtuse angle, they reproduce the angle of the two lower connecting lips with respect to each other and with respect to the vertical outer walls 15, 25 and 15, 35 of the pieces of

raccord 10, 20 et 10, 30 selon la figure 2.  connection 10, 20 and 10, 30 according to Figure 2.

La figure 4 montre une deuxième forme de réalisation d'un élément d'assemblage 50 selon l'invention. La figure 4 montre en même temps l'élément d'assemblage 50 inséré à l'intérieur des pièces de raccord 10, 20 et 10, 30 selon la  Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of an assembly element 50 according to the invention. FIG. 4 shows at the same time the assembly element 50 inserted inside the connection pieces 10, 20 and 10, 30 according to the

figure 2.figure 2.

L'élément d'assemblage 50 comporte un tuyau en tissu 51 extérieur. Un fourreau intérieur 52 est prévu sur la face intérieure du tuyau en tissu 51. Le tuyau en tissu 51 est fabriqué sous forme de pièce flexible et imprégnée au préalable de résine liquide. Le tuyau en tissu avec fourreau intérieur a d'abord, lorsqu'il n'est pas inséré  The connecting element 50 comprises an outer fabric pipe 51. An inner sheath 52 is provided on the inner face of the fabric pipe 51. The fabric pipe 51 is produced in the form of a flexible part and impregnated beforehand with liquid resin. The fabric hose with inner sheath has first, when not inserted

dans les surfaces de raccord, une section ronde.  in the connection surfaces, a round section.

Pour l'assemblage par force des pièces de raccord 10, 20 et 10, 30, on insère le tuyau en tissu avec fourreau intérieur dans les surfaces de raccord 16, 26 et 16, 36. On  For the forced assembly of the connection pieces 10, 20 and 10, 30, the fabric pipe with inner sheath is inserted into the connection surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36.

produit ensuite une surpression dans le fourreau intérieur.  then produces an overpressure in the inner sleeve.

La surpression est produite de préférence par un fluide chaud ou très chaud. On insuffle par exemple de l'air chaud ou de la vapeur très chaude dans le fourreau intérieur et celui-ci est ainsi gonflé. Le tuyau en tissu 51 entourant le fourreau intérieur s'appuie donc au contour des surfaces de raccord 16, 26 et 16, 36 des pièces de raccord 10, 20 et , 30 mises bout à bout. En insufflant un fluide chaud ou très chaud, on produit la température nécessaire au durcissement de la résine du tuyau en tissu 51. En choisissant correctement le fluide de chauffage destiné à être insufflé et à gonfler le tuyau, on peut régler de manière déterminée une température voulue. La résine du tuyau en tissu est ainsi chauffée et assemble, c'est-à-dire colle, les pièces de raccord 10, 20 et 10, 30 dans la zone de leurs surfaces de raccord 16, 26 et 16, 36. La résine  The overpressure is preferably produced by a hot or very hot fluid. For example, hot air or very hot steam is blown into the inner sheath and the latter is thus inflated. The fabric pipe 51 surrounding the inner sleeve therefore rests on the contour of the connection surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36 of the connection pieces 10, 20 and, 30 placed end to end. By blowing in hot or very hot fluid, the temperature necessary for hardening the resin of the fabric pipe 51 is produced. By correctly choosing the heating fluid intended to be blown and to inflate the pipe, a temperature can be determined in a determined manner. wanted. The resin of the fabric pipe is thus heated and assembles, that is to say glue, the connecting pieces 10, 20 and 10, 30 in the region of their connecting surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36. The resin

contribue donc à la stabilité de l'élément d'assemblage 50.  therefore contributes to the stability of the assembly element 50.

Après le gonflage et après le durcissement de la résine, l'élément d'assemblage 50 a une forme qui correspond à l'espace creux entre les surfaces de raccord 16, 26 et 16, 36. Cette forme correspond aussi à la forme extérieure de l'élément d'assemblage 40 selon la figure précédente. La figure 5 montre une variante de la forme de réalisation de la pièce de raccord médiane sous forme de pièce de raccord 60 courbe. La pièce de raccord courbe 60 comporte également une lèvre de raccord supérieure 61 et une lèvre de raccord inférieure 62. Les lèvres de raccord supérieures 61 et 21 ou 61 et 31 mises bout à bout forment la surface extérieure plane de la structure globale. La lèvre de raccord inférieure 62 dépasse, avec un certain angle, de la face inférieure 64 de la pièce de raccord courbe 60. Des éléments d'assemblage 70 sont insérés dans les surfaces de raccord 66, 26 et 66, 36 ainsi formées. Ces éléments d'assemblage correspondent globalement à ceux des figures 3 ou 4. En raison des parois extérieures 65, prévues avec une légère inclinaison par rapport à la verticale, de la pièce de raccord courbe 60, les éléments d'assemblage 70 sont aussi munis d'une inclinaison correspondante de leurs parois adjacentes à ces parois extérieures 65. Le reste de la structure des éléments d'assemblage correspond aux éléments d'assemblage des figures 3 ou 4. Une variante consiste aussi évidemment à prévoir, à la place de la structure selon la figure 3, une structure des éléments d'assemblage selon la figure 4, à savoir un tuyau en tissu avec un fourreau intérieur. Une conception des éléments d'assemblage selon la figure 4 s'avère très avantageuse justement à cause des parois extérieures 65 inclinées et des autres angles ainsi formés  After inflation and after the resin has hardened, the connecting element 50 has a shape which corresponds to the hollow space between the connection surfaces 16, 26 and 16, 36. This shape also corresponds to the external shape of the assembly element 40 according to the previous figure. FIG. 5 shows a variant of the embodiment of the middle connecting piece in the form of a curved connecting piece 60. The curved connecting piece 60 also includes an upper connecting lip 61 and a lower connecting lip 62. The upper connecting lips 61 and 21 or 61 and 31 placed end to end form the flat outer surface of the overall structure. The lower connecting lip 62 protrudes, at a certain angle, from the lower face 64 of the curved connecting piece 60. Connecting elements 70 are inserted in the connecting surfaces 66, 26 and 66, 36 thus formed. These assembly elements generally correspond to those of FIGS. 3 or 4. Due to the external walls 65, provided with a slight inclination relative to the vertical, of the curved connecting piece 60, the assembly elements 70 are also provided a corresponding inclination of their walls adjacent to these outer walls 65. The rest of the structure of the assembly elements corresponds to the assembly elements of FIGS. 3 or 4. A variant also obviously consists in providing, instead of the structure according to Figure 3, a structure of the assembly elements according to Figure 4, namely a fabric pipe with an inner sheath. A design of the assembly elements according to FIG. 4 proves to be very advantageous precisely because of the inclined outer walls 65 and the other angles thus formed.

par les surfaces de raccord.by the connection surfaces.

En prévoyant les lèvres de raccord correspondantes sur les pièces de raccord sous forme de lèvres de raccord supérieures et inférieures, on peut donc assembler par collage les différents modules de pièces de raccord selon une structure en sandwich pour former des structures complètes. Dans le domaine des constructions légères à partir de matériaux composites renforcés par des fibres,  By providing the corresponding connection lips on the connection pieces in the form of upper and lower connection lips, the various connection piece modules can therefore be assembled by gluing in a sandwich structure to form complete structures. In the field of lightweight constructions from fiber-reinforced composite materials,

les éléments d'assemblage selon l'invention avec les lèvres de raccord supérieures et inférieures sur les différentes pièces de raccord sont des moyens auxiliaires très utiles15 pour la construction de structures en sandwichs légères.  the connecting elements according to the invention with the upper and lower connecting lips on the various connecting pieces are very useful auxiliary means15 for the construction of light sandwich structures.

De telles structures globales, composées de modules, en construction sandwich à partir de matériaux composites renforcés par des fibres, sont utilisées avec de nombreux avantages dans le domaine de l'aéronautique, de la  Such global structures, composed of modules, in sandwich construction from fiber-reinforced composite materials, are used with many advantages in the field of aeronautics,

construction ferroviaire et de la construction navale.  railway and shipbuilding.

Bien que l'invention ait été particulièrement montrée et décrite en se référant à un mode de réalisation préféré de celle-ci, il sera compris aisément par les personnes expérimentées dans cette technique que des modifications dans la forme et dans des détails peuvent être effectuées  Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that modifications in form and in detail can be made

sans sortir de l'esprit ni du domaine de l'invention.  without departing from the spirit or the field of the invention.

Liste des références pièce de raccord 11 lèvre de raccord supérieure 12 lèvre de raccord inférieure 13 face supérieure 14 face inférieure paroi extérieure 16 surface de raccord pièce de raccord 21 lèvre de raccord supérieure 22 lèvre de raccord inférieure 23 face supérieure 24 face inférieure paroi extérieure 26 surface de raccord pièce de raccord 31 lèvre de raccord supérieure 32 lèvre de raccord inférieure 33 face supérieure 34 face inférieure paroi extérieure 36 surface de raccord élément d'assemblage 41 enveloppe extérieure 42 noyau en mousse élément d'assemblage 51 tuyau en tissu 52 fourreau intérieur 60 pièce de raccord courbe 61 lèvre de raccord supérieure 62 lèvre de raccord inférieure 63 face supérieure 64 face inférieure paroi extérieure 66 surface de raccord élément d'assemblage  List of part numbers connection piece 11 upper connection lip 12 lower connection lip 13 upper face 14 lower face external wall 16 connection surface connection piece 21 upper connection lip 22 lower connection lip 23 upper face 24 lower face external wall 26 connecting surface connecting piece 31 upper connecting lip 32 lower connecting lip 33 upper face 34 lower face external wall 36 connecting surface connecting element 41 outer casing 42 foam core connecting element 51 fabric pipe 52 inner sheath 60 curved connection piece 61 upper connection lip 62 lower connection lip 63 upper face 64 lower face external wall 66 connection surface connection element

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Système d'assemblage destiné à des structures en sandwichs composites renforcées par des fibres en construction modulaire et qui prévoit des pièces de raccord des structures, dans lequel les pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60) sont munies sur leurs côtés frontaux de lèvres de raccord (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62) et dans lequel il est prévu des éléments d'assemblage (40, 50, 70) qui sont formés de telle sorte qu'ils s'adaptent ou peuvent s'adapter entre les lèvres de raccord (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62) de pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60) aboutées et un assemblage par force des pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60) est formé, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'assemblage (40, 50, 70) sont fabriqués séparément et sont fixés, notamment collés, dans les surfaces de raccord (16, 26 et 16, 36; 66, 26 et 66, 36) pour produire un assemblage par force, et les éléments d'assemblage (40, 50, 70) comportent une enveloppe (41, 51) complètement englobante par rapport aux  1. Joining system for composite sandwich structures reinforced by fibers in modular construction and which provides structural connection pieces, in which the connecting pieces (10, 20, 30, 60) are provided on their sides front of connecting lips (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62) and in which there are provided connecting elements (40, 50, 70) which are formed so that they '' adapt or can be adapted between the connection lips (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62) of connection pieces (10, 20, 30, 60) butted and a force assembly of the pieces connector (10, 20, 30, 60) is formed, characterized in that the connecting elements (40, 50, 70) are produced separately and are fixed, in particular glued, in the connection surfaces (16, 26 and 16, 36; 66, 26 and 66, 36) to produce a force connection, and the connection elements (40, 50, 70) have a completely encompassing envelope (41, 51) pa r compared to surfaces de raccord (16, 26 et 16, 36; 66, 26 et 66, 36).  connection surfaces (16, 26 and 16, 36; 66, 26 and 66, 36). 2. Système d'assemblage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que une lèvre de raccord supérieure (11, 21, 31, 61) se trouve dans le plan de la surface extérieure des pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60), et une lèvre de raccord inférieure (12, 22, 32, 62) est disposée avec un certain angle par rapport à la surface intérieure ou face inférieure (14, 24, 34, 64) des pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60) de manière à obtenir un centrage automatique des surfaces de raccord (16, 26, 36, 66) de pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60) mises bout à  2. An assembly system according to claim 1, characterized in that an upper connection lip (11, 21, 31, 61) lies in the plane of the outer surface of the connection pieces (10, 20, 30, 60 ), and a lower connecting lip (12, 22, 32, 62) is arranged at an angle relative to the inner surface or lower face (14, 24, 34, 64) of the connecting pieces (10, 20, 30, 60) so as to obtain automatic centering of the connection surfaces (16, 26, 36, 66) of connection pieces (10, 20, 30, 60) placed end to end bout.end. 3. Système d'assemblage selon l'une des  3. Assembly system according to one of revendications précédentes,previous claims, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'assemblage (40) comportent une enveloppe extérieure (41) mince et renforcée par des fibres et un noyau en mousse (42).  characterized in that the connecting elements (40) comprise a thin outer shell (41) reinforced by fibers and a foam core (42). 4. Système d'assemblage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe extérieure (41) a une orientation de fibres convenant aux contraintes et le noyau en mousse (42)4. An assembly system according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer envelope (41) has an orientation of fibers suitable for the constraints and the foam core (42) a une faible densité.has a low density. 5. Système d'assemblage selon l'une des  5. Assembly system according to one of revendications précédentes,previous claims, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe extérieure (41) des éléments d'assemblage (40) est fabriquée selon une technique de tissage de fibres.  characterized in that the outer casing (41) of the connecting elements (40) is produced using a fiber weaving technique. 6. Système d'assemblage selon l'une des6. Assembly system according to one of revendications 1 à 5,claims 1 to 5, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe extérieure (41) des éléments d'assemblage (40) est constituée de nappes de fibres cousues ou de fibres tricotées et cousues ayant une extensibilité  characterized in that the outer casing (41) of the connecting elements (40) consists of sheets of sewn fibers or knitted and sewn fibers having extensibility modérée, notamment de Ekrit = 0,7 à 0,8 %.  moderate, notably from Ekrit = 0.7 to 0.8%. 7. Système d'assemblage selon l'une des  7. Assembly system according to one of revendications 1 à 3,claims 1 to 3, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'assemblage (50) comportent des tuyaux en tissu (51), flexibles et imprégnés au préalable de  characterized in that the connecting elements (50) comprise fabric pipes (51), flexible and impregnated beforehand résine liquide, avec des fourreaux intérieurs (52).  liquid resin, with inner sleeves (52). 8. Système d'assemblage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les tuyaux en tissu (51) avec les fourreaux intérieurs (52) sont insérés dans les surfaces de raccord (16, 26, 36, 66) entre les lèvres de raccord (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62) et une surpression peut être produite ou est  8. An assembly system according to claim 7, characterized in that the fabric pipes (51) with the inner sleeves (52) are inserted in the connection surfaces (16, 26, 36, 66) between the connection lips. (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62) and an overpressure can be produced or is produite dans le fourreau intérieur (52).  produced in the inner sheath (52). 9. Système d'assemblage selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le tuyau en tissu (51) s'appuie au contour des surfaces de raccord (16, 26, 36, 66) lorsque le fourreau intérieur (52) est gonflé par un fluide chaud ou très chaud, notamment par de l'air chaud ou par de la vapeur  9. An assembly system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the fabric pipe (51) bears against the contour of the connection surfaces (16, 26, 36, 66) when the inner sleeve (52) is swollen with hot or very hot fluid, especially with hot air or steam très chaude.very hot. 10. Système d'assemblage selon l'une des  10. Assembly system according to one of revendications 7 à 9,claims 7 to 9, caractérisé en ce que, au moyen du fluide chaud ou très chaud destiné à gonfler le fourreau intérieur (52), les conditions particulières de température pour le durcissement de la résine des tuyaux en tissu (51) sont réglées de manière déterminée.  characterized in that, by means of the hot or very hot fluid intended to inflate the inner sheath (52), the particular temperature conditions for the curing of the resin of the fabric pipes (51) are determined in a determined manner. 11. Système d'assemblage selon l'une des11. Assembly system according to one of revendications 7 à 10,claims 7 to 10, caractérisé en ce que la résine des tuyaux en tissu (51) assemble, ou colle ensemble, les pièces de raccord (10, 20, 30, 60) dans la zone de leurs surfaces de raccord (16, 26, 36, 66) entre les lèvres de raccord (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62)  characterized in that the resin of the fabric pipes (51) joins, or sticks together, the connecting pieces (10, 20, 30, 60) in the region of their connecting surfaces (16, 26, 36, 66) between the connecting lips (11, 12; 21, 22; 31, 32; 61, 62)
FR9808001A 1997-06-24 1998-06-24 JOINING SYSTEM FOR COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURES REINFORCED BY FIBERS IN MODULAR CONSTRUCTION Expired - Fee Related FR2764840B1 (en)

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EP2444238A3 (en) * 2010-10-19 2017-11-08 The Boeing Company Method for joining sandwich truss core panels and composite structures produced therefrom

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EP2213445A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method for fabricating and curing composite structures
EP2444238A3 (en) * 2010-10-19 2017-11-08 The Boeing Company Method for joining sandwich truss core panels and composite structures produced therefrom

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IT1301795B1 (en) 2000-07-07
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DE19726799A1 (en) 1999-01-07
FR2764840B1 (en) 2001-03-09

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