FR2755406A1 - HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE - Google Patents

HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2755406A1
FR2755406A1 FR9614033A FR9614033A FR2755406A1 FR 2755406 A1 FR2755406 A1 FR 2755406A1 FR 9614033 A FR9614033 A FR 9614033A FR 9614033 A FR9614033 A FR 9614033A FR 2755406 A1 FR2755406 A1 FR 2755406A1
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Prior art keywords
electric motor
heat engine
vehicle
alternator
vehicle according
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Granted
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FR9614033A
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French (fr)
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FR2755406B1 (en
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ESPERA
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ESPERA
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Priority to FR9614033A priority Critical patent/FR2755406B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1997/006198 priority patent/WO1998019878A1/en
Priority to ARP970105208A priority patent/AR010283A1/en
Publication of FR2755406A1 publication Critical patent/FR2755406A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/352—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches manually operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a more economical hybrid motor vehicle, of simple and rational use, lighter and more readily satisfying the requirements of drivers and those of manufacturers and particularly motorists, while better complying with current regulations concerning pollution abatement. This hybrid motor vehicle comprises in particular an electric motor (10), a thermal engine (11), means for supplying the thermal engine, at least one accumulator battery (19) for supplying the electric motor and accessories including in particular a starter, an alternator, a water pump, a power steering system, a power braking device, an air conditioner, said electric motor (10) being arranged for the triple function of electrically driving the vehicle, electrically starting the thermal engine (11) and as alternator for recharging of the accumulator battery (19). The invention is characterised in that all said accessories are driven by the electric motor (10) and the thermal engine (11) is coupled with the electric motor (10) by a clutch device arranged to be controlled according to road conditions. The invention is applicable to the motorcar industry.

Description

VéHICULE AUTOMOBILE HYBRIDE
La présente invention concerne un véhicule automobile hybride comportant un moteur thermique, un moteur électrique, des moyens pour alimenter le moteur thermique, au moins une batterie pour alimenter le moteur électrique et des accessoires comprenant notamment un démarreur, un alternateur, et des éléments entraînés ou pourvus de moyens d'entraîaement comme une pompe à eau, un système d'assistance de la direction, un système d'assistance au freinage, une climatisation ou similaires.HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE
The present invention relates to a hybrid motor vehicle comprising a heat engine, an electric motor, means for supplying the heat engine, at least one battery for supplying the electric motor and accessories comprising in particular a starter, an alternator, and driven elements or provided with drive means such as a water pump, a steering assist system, a brake assist system, air conditioning or the like.

Des véhicules de ce type sont dores et déjà commercialisés par certaines marques sous la dénomination de voitures hybrides, conçues pour offrir simultanément les avantages de l'entrainement par un moteur thermique et ceux d'un entraînement par un moteur électrique. Ils comportent à cet effet d'une part un bloc moteur thermique équipé de tous ses accessoires classiques, notamment d'un démarreur et d'un alternateur et d'autre part un moteur électrique associé à une commande électronique et à un groupe de batteries d'accumulateurs. Ces deux entités sont destinées à travailler alternativement d'une manière autonome. Plus exactement, le moteur électrique est destiné à assurer l'entraînement du véhicule dans les zones urbaines et le moteur thermique est destiné à assumer cette fonction hors de ces zones. De ce fait, le bloc moteur thermique d'une part et le moteur électrique avec son environnement d'autre part sont des entités juxtaposées comprenant chacune tous les composants nécessaires à leur fonctionnement. En particulier, le bloc moteur thermique comporte un alternateur et un démarreur.Vehicles of this type are already marketed by certain brands under the name of hybrid cars, designed to simultaneously offer the advantages of drive by an internal combustion engine and those of drive by an electric motor. To this end, they comprise on the one hand a heat engine block equipped with all of its conventional accessories, in particular a starter and an alternator and on the other hand an electric motor associated with an electronic control and with a group of batteries d 'Accumulators. These two entities are intended to work alternately independently. More precisely, the electric motor is intended to drive the vehicle in urban areas and the heat engine is intended to assume this function outside these areas. Therefore, the engine block on the one hand and the electric motor with its environment on the other hand are juxtaposed entities each comprising all the components necessary for their operation. In particular, the engine block includes an alternator and a starter.

ll en résulte que ces véhicules hybrides sont complexes, lourds, coûteux à l'utilisation et à l'entretien. Le poids élevé généré par la présence de batteries d'alimentation du moteur électrique diminue considérablement les performances propres du véhicule et son autonomie. En conséquence, les voitures hybrides connues à ce jour ne présentent qu'un seul avantage lié aux problèmes de pollution, qui est partiellement détruit par des inconvénients liés au poids entraînant une augmentation de la consommation non négligeable.  As a result, these hybrid vehicles are complex, heavy, costly to use and maintain. The high weight generated by the presence of batteries supplying the electric motor considerably reduces the vehicle's own performance and range. Consequently, the hybrid cars known to date have only one advantage linked to the pollution problems, which is partially destroyed by disadvantages linked to the weight resulting in a non-negligible increase in consumption.

La présente invention propose un véhicule hybride plus économique, d'utilisation simple et rationnelle, plus léger et répondant mieux à la fois aux exigences des conducteurs et à celles des constructeurs et notamment des motoristes, tout en respectant mieux les réglementations en vigueur en matière de lutte contre la pollution.The present invention provides a more economical hybrid vehicle, simple and rational to use, lighter and better meeting both the requirements of drivers and those of manufacturers and in particular engine manufacturers, while better respecting the regulations in force. pollution control.

Elle propose à cet effet de réaliser un véhicule hybride tel que défini en préambule, qui utilise les deux sources d'énergie pour alimenter respectivement le moteur thermique et le moteur électrique, mais qui s'appuie sur un environnement au moins partiellement commun pour les deux moyens d'actionnement.To this end, it proposes to produce a hybrid vehicle as defined in the preamble, which uses the two energy sources to supply the heat engine and the electric motor respectively, but which relies on an environment at least partially common for both. actuation means.

Ce but est atteint par le véhicule selon l'invention caractérisé en ce que ledit moteur électrique est agencé pour avoir la triple fonction de moteur d'entraînement électrique du véhicule, de démarreur électrique du moteur thermique et d'alternateur de recharge de la batterie d'accumulateurs et en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens de commande sélectifs du moteur thermique et du moteur électrique.This object is achieved by the vehicle according to the invention characterized in that said electric motor is designed to have the triple function of electric motor for driving the vehicle, electric starter for the heat engine and alternator for recharging the battery d accumulators and in that it further comprises means for selective control of the heat engine and of the electric motor.

On sait qu'un démarreur est un moteur électrique conçu pour lancer le moteur thermique et que l'alternateur n'est en fait qu'un moteur électrique fonctionnant à l'envers .It is known that a starter is an electric motor designed to start the thermal engine and that the alternator is in fact only an electric motor operating in reverse.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les moyens de commande sélectifs comportent un boîtier électronique de gestion agencé pour actionner automatiquement le moteur thermique et/ou le moteur électrique en fonction des conditions routières.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the selective control means comprise an electronic management unit arranged to automatically actuate the heat engine and / or the electric motor according to road conditions.

Ces moyens de commande sélectifs peuvent être au moins partiellement manuels.These selective control means can be at least partially manual.

Le moteur électrique peut avoir une puissance comprise entre 10 et 40 chevaux et de préférence entre 20 et 25 chevaux.The electric motor can have a power between 10 and 40 horsepower and preferably between 20 and 25 horsepower.

Dans la forme de réalisation préférée, le moteur thermique et le moteur électrique sont disposés dans le même habitacle. In the preferred embodiment, the heat engine and the electric motor are arranged in the same passenger compartment.

Le véhicule selon l'invention comporte au moins une batterie d'accumulateurs agencée pour alimenter le moteur électrique et les accessoires électriques du véhicule, cette batterie d'accumulateurs étant de préférence du type cadmium-nickel.The vehicle according to the invention comprises at least one storage battery arranged to supply the electric motor and the electrical accessories of the vehicle, this storage battery preferably being of the cadmium-nickel type.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise en référence à la description d'une forme de réalisation préférée et aux dessins annexés dans lesquels: - la figure 1 représente schématiquement un véhicule automobile hybride selon 1' art antérieur, et en particulier ses moyens moteurs, et - la figure 2 représente schématiquement un véhicule automobile hybride selon l'invention, et en particulier ses moyens moteurs.The present invention will be better understood with reference to the description of a preferred embodiment and to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 schematically shows a hybrid motor vehicle according to the prior art, and in particular its drive means, and - FIG. 2 schematically represents a hybrid motor vehicle according to the invention, and in particular its motor means.

En référence à la figure 12 le véhicule représenté comporte tout d'abord un moteur thermique 10 associé à une boîte de vitesses 11, un arbre de transmission 12 qui est couplé par un différentiel 13 à planétaires à deux axes 14 et 15 de roues arrières motrices 16 et 17. Le moteur thermique 10 est associé à un alternateur 1 8a et un démarreur 18b. Un réservoir de carburant (non représenté) est bien entendu prévu pour alimenter le moteur thermique. n comporte ensuite un moteur électrique 19 qui est également couplé au différentiel 13. Ce moteur électrique 19 est alimenté par une série de batteries d'accumulateurs 20 auxquelles il est raccordé par des câbles 21 et 22 appropriés. Les accumulateurs 20 sont également raccordés électriquement à l'alternateur 18a. Dans l'exemple représenté les roues avant 23 et 24 sont uniquement directrices et non motrices. Toutefois, cette forme de réalisation n'est pas limitative et les roues avant pourraient avoir les deux fonctions.With reference to FIG. 12, the vehicle shown first comprises a heat engine 10 associated with a gearbox 11, a transmission shaft 12 which is coupled by a differential with planetary two-axis 14 and 15 of rear driving wheels 16 and 17. The heat engine 10 is associated with an alternator 1 8a and a starter 18b. A fuel tank (not shown) is of course provided to supply the heat engine. n then comprises an electric motor 19 which is also coupled to the differential 13. This electric motor 19 is powered by a series of accumulator batteries 20 to which it is connected by suitable cables 21 and 22. The accumulators 20 are also electrically connected to the alternator 18a. In the example shown, the front wheels 23 and 24 are only steered and not driven. However, this embodiment is not limiting and the front wheels could have both functions.

On constate que l'alimentation du moteur électrique requiert la présence d'un nombre important de batteries d'accumulateurs qui sont lourdes et encombrantes. Le moteur thermique 10 est associé à un environnement classique comprenant notamment l'alternateur 18a et le démarreur 18b. Le moteur électrique 19 comporte son environnement spécifique qui comprend le lot de batteries d'accumulateurs 20 et un boîtier de commande électronique 25. ll est vrai qu'en cas de panne de l'un des moteurs, l'autre peut prendre le relais sans que celui en panne ne soit sollicité.It can be seen that the supply of the electric motor requires the presence of a large number of accumulator batteries which are heavy and bulky. The heat engine 10 is associated with a conventional environment comprising in particular the alternator 18a and the starter 18b. The electric motor 19 has its specific environment which includes the batch of storage batteries 20 and an electronic control unit 25. It is true that in the event of one of the motors failing, the other can take over without that the broken down one is not solicited.

Toutefois l'ensemble est lourd, encombrant, coûteux, peu économique à l'usage et finalement relativement polluant lorsque le moteur thermique est utilisé, parce qu'en raison du supplément de poids engendré par la présence des batteries, la consommation en carburant est forcément plus élevée.However, the assembly is heavy, bulky, expensive, uneconomical in use and ultimately relatively polluting when the heat engine is used, because due to the additional weight generated by the presence of the batteries, the fuel consumption is necessarily higher.

En référence à la figure 2, le véhicule représenté comporte également un moteur thermique 30 associé à une boîte de vitesses 31, un arbre de transmission 32 qui est couplé par un différentiel 33 à planétaires à deux axes 34 et 35 de roues arrières motrices 36 et 37.Referring to Figure 2, the vehicle shown also includes a heat engine 30 associated with a gearbox 31, a transmission shaft 32 which is coupled by a differential 33 planetary two axes 34 and 35 of rear driving wheels 36 and 37.

Par ailleurs, le véhicule comporte un moteur électrique 40 qui assume une triple fonction. Sa fonction première consiste à assurer un entraînement des roues arrières motrices 36, 37. A cet effet il est alimenté par au moins une batterie d'accumulateurs 41, qui est de préférence une batterie au cadmium-nickel ou similaire pour assurer une capacité suffisante pour cette fonction. Sa fonction seconde est de servir de démarreur pour lancer le moteur thermique 30. Comme il est dimensionné pour assurer l'entraînement complet du véhicule, cette fonction ne présente pas de difficultés particulières pour ce moteur. Sa fonction tierce consiste à servir d'alternateur pour assurer la recharge de la batterie d'accumulateurs 41. Cette fonction est remplie lorsque le moteur thermique 30 est en marche et que le moteur électrique 40 est mécaniquement couplé audit moteur thermique. Pour gérer cet ensemble, le véhicule dispose d'un boîtier électronique de gestion 42 dont le rôle sera expliqué par la suite.Furthermore, the vehicle includes an electric motor 40 which performs a triple function. Its primary function is to drive the rear driving wheels 36, 37. To this end it is powered by at least one storage battery 41, which is preferably a cadmium-nickel battery or the like to ensure sufficient capacity for this function. Its secondary function is to serve as a starter to start the internal combustion engine 30. As it is sized to ensure the complete drive of the vehicle, this function does not present any particular difficulties for this engine. Its third function is to serve as an alternator for recharging the storage battery 41. This function is fulfilled when the heat engine 30 is running and the electric motor 40 is mechanically coupled to said heat engine. To manage this assembly, the vehicle has an electronic management unit 42 whose role will be explained later.

Comme précédemment un réservoir de carburant (non représenté ) est associé au moteur thermique 30. Les roues avant 38 et 39 directrices, qui peuvent, le cas échéant, également être motrices, sont montées de façon conventionnelle à l'avant du véhicule.As before, a fuel tank (not shown) is associated with the heat engine 30. The front wheels 38 and 39 which, if necessary, can also be driven, are mounted in a conventional manner at the front of the vehicle.

On constate que dans cette réalisation la présence d'une seule ou de deux batteries de relativement faible capacité est requise. L'environnement classique du moteur thermique 30 est supprimé d'un point de vue constructif, la fonction du démarreur et celle de l'alternateur étant assumées par le moteur électrique 40. Par conséquent l'ensemble est beaucoup moins lourd et moins encombrant. D'autres avantages découlant de l'invention apparaîtront à la description d'un mode de fonctionnement préféré du véhicule tel que décrit en référence à la figure 2.It is noted that in this embodiment the presence of a single or two relatively small capacity batteries is required. The conventional environment of the heat engine 30 is eliminated from a constructive point of view, the function of the starter and that of the alternator being assumed by the electric motor 40. Consequently, the assembly is much lighter and less bulky. Other advantages deriving from the invention will become apparent from the description of a preferred operating mode of the vehicle as described with reference to FIG. 2.

Au cours d'une première phase de fonctionnement, lorsque le conducteur veut lancer son moteur en vue de déplacer son véhicule à petite vitesse, à très bas régime, soit à environ deux mille tours par minute, le besoin en puissance est de l'ordre de cinq à six chevaux pour entraîner les accessoires tels que par exemple la pompe à eau, la servodirection, les servofreins, la climatisation. Le boîtier électronique de gestion 42 met en marche le moteur électrique 40. Ceci s'effectue de façon automatique dès que le conducteur tourne la clé de contact. Le moteur thermique 30 est à l'arrêt.During a first phase of operation, when the driver wants to start his engine in order to move his vehicle at low speed, at very low speed, that is to say around two thousand revolutions per minute, the power requirement is of the order from five to six horses to drive accessories such as for example the water pump, power steering, power boosters, air conditioning. The electronic management unit 42 starts the electric motor 40. This is done automatically as soon as the driver turns the ignition key. The heat engine 30 is stopped.

Au cours d'une deuxième phase, le véhicule est déplacé hors d'un garage ou sort d'une place de parc, avec comme unique moyen moteur, la traction électrique 40 dont la puissance disponible qui peut atteindre une vingtaine de chevaux, dans la réalisation prévue, est suffisante pour remplir ces fonctions. Le moteur thermique 30 est toujours à l'arrêt.During a second phase, the vehicle is moved out of a garage or leaves a parking space, with electric motor 40 as the only motor means, the available power of which can reach around twenty horses, in the planned completion, is sufficient to fulfill these functions. The heat engine 30 is still stopped.

Au cours d'une troisième phase, par une simple accélération réalisée par le conducteur en appuyant sur la pédale correspondante du véhicule, le moteur électrique 40 est sollicité pour assumer sa fonction de démarreur du moteur thermique 30. Le moteur électrique 40 peut rester enclenché pour entraîner les accessoires, ce qui libère toute la puissance du moteur thermique 30 pour l'entraînement du véhicule.During a third phase, by a simple acceleration carried out by the driver by depressing the corresponding pedal of the vehicle, the electric motor 40 is called upon to assume its function of starter of the heat engine 30. The electric motor 40 can remain engaged for drive the accessories, which releases all the power of the heat engine 30 for driving the vehicle.

Au cours d'une quatrième phase, lorsque le véhicule a atteint sa vitesse de croisière, le moteur électrique 40 est déclenché et devient alternateur. La puissance du moteur thermique 30 seul est suffisante pour entraîner le véhicule et les accessoires. En outre il reste suffisamment de puissance inutilisée pour assurer la recharge des batteries. C'est à cet effet que le moteur électrique devient alternateur. n est alors entraîné par le moteur thermique 30. During a fourth phase, when the vehicle has reached cruising speed, the electric motor 40 is triggered and becomes an alternator. The power of the heat engine 30 alone is sufficient to drive the vehicle and the accessories. In addition, there is enough unused power to recharge the batteries. It is for this purpose that the electric motor becomes an alternator. n is then driven by the heat engine 30.

Au cours d'une cinquième phase, par exemple pour un dépassement, le conducteur a besoin momentanément d'un surplus de puissance. Une simple accélération commandée par un appui plus marqué sur la pédale d'accélération, (couramment appelé kick-down ) réenclenche le moteur électrique 40 pour fournir la puissance totale disponible sur le véhicule, à savoir celle du moteur thermique 30 et celle du moteur électrique 40.During a fifth phase, for example for overtaking, the driver temporarily needs extra power. A simple acceleration controlled by a more marked depressing of the accelerator pedal, (commonly called kick-down) resets the electric motor 40 to provide the total power available on the vehicle, namely that of the heat engine 30 and that of the electric motor. 40.

Dans cette réalisation, toutes les commandes sont automatiques et pilotées par le boîtier électronique 42. Le conducteur n'intervient pratiquement que par la commande de l'accélérateur. Selon une variante, tout ou partie des commandes peut être effectuée manuellement. En particulier, lorsque le véhicule est amené à circuler dans une zone dite piétonne, par exemple au centre d'une ville, le conducteur dispose d'une commande manuelle pour passer en tout électrique .In this embodiment, all of the controls are automatic and controlled by the electronic unit 42. The driver practically intervenes only by controlling the accelerator. According to a variant, all or part of the orders can be carried out manually. In particular, when the vehicle is brought to circulate in a so-called pedestrian zone, for example in the center of a city, the driver has a manual control to switch to all electric.

Ce véhicule cumule tous les avantages des systèmes hybrides imaginés à ce jour sans en avoir les inconvénients. Le moteur électrique associé au moteur thermique peut également prêter son assistance au moteur thermique lorsque celui-ci tourne à très bas régime et a tendance à caler quand les mélanges carburant-comburant sont très pauvres. Or ceci est une contrainte imposée par les mesures antipollution. L'effet secondaire enregistré est l'obtention d'une flamme très chaude dans le moteur, ce qui est mauvais pour les organes du moteur. L'appui du moteur électrique permet au moteur thermique de travailler à très bas régime avec des mélanges très pauvres sans risque de caler.This vehicle combines all the advantages of the hybrid systems imagined to date without having the disadvantages. The electric motor associated with the heat engine can also assist the heat engine when the latter is running at very low speed and tends to stall when the fuel-oxidizer mixtures are very poor. This is a constraint imposed by anti-pollution measures. The side effect recorded is the obtaining of a very hot flame in the engine, which is bad for the organs of the engine. The support of the electric motor allows the heat engine to work at very low speed with very poor mixtures without risk of stalling.

L'invention remplit tous ses objectifs, à savoir combiner les avantages du véhicule à moteur thermique dans les zones extra-urbaines où la pollution qu'il engendre n'est pas critique et du véhicule à moteur électrique pour les zones urbaines et celles où les conditions de circulation ne nécessitent pas le recours au moteur thermique. The invention fulfills all of its objectives, namely combining the advantages of the combustion engine vehicle in extra-urban areas where the pollution it generates is not critical and of the electric motor vehicle for urban areas and those where traffic conditions do not require the use of an internal combustion engine.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Véhicule automobile hybride comportant un moteur thermique, un moteur électrique, des moyens pour alimenter le moteur thermique, au moins une batterie d'accumulateurs pour alimenter le moteur électrique, des éléments liés au moteur thermique et comprenant notamment un démarreur, un alternateur, et des éléments entraînés ou pourvus de moyens d'entrainement comme par exemple une pompe à eau, un système d'assistance de la direction, un système d'assistance au freinage, une climatisation ou similaires, caractérisé en ce que ledit moteur électrique (40) est agencé pour avoir la triple fonction de moteur d'entraînement électrique du véhicule, de démarreur électrique du moteur thermique (30) et d'alternateur de recharge de la batterie d'accumulateurs et en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens de commande sélectifs (42) du moteur thermique et du moteur électrique (40).1. Hybrid motor vehicle comprising a heat engine, an electric motor, means for supplying the heat engine, at least one storage battery for supplying the electric motor, elements linked to the heat engine and comprising in particular a starter, an alternator, and elements driven or provided with drive means such as for example a water pump, a steering assistance system, a braking assistance system, air conditioning or the like, characterized in that said electric motor (40 ) is arranged to have the triple function of an electric drive motor for the vehicle, an electric starter for the heat engine (30) and an alternator for recharging the storage battery and in that it further comprises means for selective control (42) of the heat engine and of the electric motor (40). 2. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de commande sélectifs comportent un boîtier électronique de gestion (42) agencé pour actionner automatiquement le moteur thermique (30) et/ou le moteur électrique (40) en fonction des conditions routières.2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said selective control means comprise an electronic management unit (42) arranged to automatically actuate the heat engine (30) and / or the electric motor (40) according to road conditions . 3. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de commande sélectifs (42) sont au moins partiellement manuels.3. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said selective control means (42) are at least partially manual. 4. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moteur électrique (40) a une puissance comprise entre 10 et 40 chevaux et de préférence entre 20 et 25 chevaux.4. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor (40) has a power between 10 and 40 horses and preferably between 20 and 25 horses. 5. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moteur thermique (30) et le moteur électrique (40) sont disposés dans le même habitacle.5. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat engine (30) and the electric motor (40) are arranged in the same passenger compartment. 6. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une batterie d'accumulateur agencée pour alimenter le moteur électrique (40) et les accessoires électriques du véhicule. 6. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one storage battery arranged to supply the electric motor (40) and the electrical accessories of the vehicle. 7. Véhicule selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la batterie d'accumulateurs est du type cadmium-nickel. 7. Vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that the storage battery is of the cadmium-nickel type.
FR9614033A 1996-11-07 1996-11-07 HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE Expired - Fee Related FR2755406B1 (en)

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FR9614033A FR2755406B1 (en) 1996-11-07 1996-11-07 HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE
PCT/EP1997/006198 WO1998019878A1 (en) 1996-11-07 1997-11-07 Hybrid motor vehicle
ARP970105208A AR010283A1 (en) 1996-11-07 1997-11-10 HYBRID AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE

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WO1998019878A1 (en) 1998-05-14
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