FR2741994A1 - Cut=out device for electrically powered road vehicle - Google Patents

Cut=out device for electrically powered road vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2741994A1
FR2741994A1 FR9514167A FR9514167A FR2741994A1 FR 2741994 A1 FR2741994 A1 FR 2741994A1 FR 9514167 A FR9514167 A FR 9514167A FR 9514167 A FR9514167 A FR 9514167A FR 2741994 A1 FR2741994 A1 FR 2741994A1
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France
Prior art keywords
circuit
rod
barrel
traction
vehicle
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Granted
Application number
FR9514167A
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French (fr)
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FR2741994B1 (en
Inventor
Claude Lehongre
Gilbert Malledant
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Renault SAS
Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
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Renault SAS
Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
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Priority to FR9514167A priority Critical patent/FR2741994B1/en
Publication of FR2741994A1 publication Critical patent/FR2741994A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2741994B1 publication Critical patent/FR2741994B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff

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Abstract

The cut-out device (1) for the drive circuit (2) of an electric vehicle co-operates with a device detecting a shock to the vehicle in order to initiate the cut-out. The vehicle is provided with a safety device, for example and inflatable cushion, which is released by a release current produced in the event of a shock to the vehicle. The mechanism includes a pyrotechnic device (17) fired by the release current (Id) in order to ensure the opening of the circuit providing traction for the vehicle. The mechanism consists of a plunger core (7) sliding inside a coil (6) mounted in a cylindrical tube (5) between two ends (5a,5b). The plunger core is terminal by a first shaft (8) which passes through the end face (5a) to carry an insulating ring (9) around which a mobile contact (10) is carried. This faces two fixed contacts (12) forming part of the traction circuit.

Description

ORGANE DE COUPURE ELECTRIOUE A SECURITE
PYROTECHNIOUE
L'invention concerne un organe de coupure électrique du type contacteur ou disjoncteur commandé électriquement. Cet organe est utilisé, sur les véhicules électriques, pour assurer la coupure électrique entre la batterie de traction et le reste du véhicule. Cette coupure doit pouvoir se faire dans tous les cas, y compris lorsqu'un courant est établi.SAFETY ELECTRIC SWITCHING UNIT
PYROTECHNIOUE
The invention relates to an electric cut-off device of the electrically controlled contactor or circuit breaker type. This member is used, on electric vehicles, to ensure the electrical cut-off between the traction battery and the rest of the vehicle. This cut-off must be possible in all cases, including when a current is established.

En cas d'accident du véhicule, le choc peut occasionner un court-circuit et faire monter ainsi le courant dans le circuit à plusieurs milliers d'ampères.In the event of a vehicle accident, the impact can cause a short circuit and thus cause the current in the circuit to rise to several thousand amps.

Dans ce cas, le contact mobile de l'organe de coupure peut se souder sur ses bornes et rester collé. L'organe de coupure est alors incapable d'ouvrir le circuit et il peut en résulter une électrocution ou un incendie.In this case, the movable contact of the breaking member can be welded to its terminals and remain glued. The switchgear is then unable to open the circuit and this could result in electric shock or fire.

L'invention vise à résoudre ces inconvénients. A cet effet, I'invention concerne un organe de coupure du circuit de traction d'un véhicule électrique, ledit véhicule étant muni d'au moins un dispositif de sécurité, par exemple un coussin gonflable, déclenché par un courant de déclenchement produit en cas de choc par un dispositif de déclenchement, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif pyrotechnique déclenché par le courant de déclenchement pour procurer l'ouverture du circuit de traction, en cas de choc.The invention aims to solve these drawbacks. To this end, the invention relates to a cut-off member of the traction circuit of an electric vehicle, said vehicle being provided with at least one safety device, for example an airbag, triggered by a tripping current produced in the event shock by a triggering device, characterized in that it comprises a pyrotechnic device triggered by the triggering current to provide the opening of the traction circuit, in the event of an impact.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, I'ouverture du circuit de traction provoquée par le dispositif pyrotechnique est réalisée par l'intermédiaire de l'organe mobile dudit organe de coupure, qui assure, lors du fonctionnement normal, I'ouverture et la fermeture du circuit de traction.According to another characteristic of the invention, the opening of the traction circuit caused by the pyrotechnic device is carried out by means of the movable member of said breaking member, which ensures, during normal operation, the opening and closing of the traction circuit.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'organe mobile est constitué par un noyau plongeur coulissant à l'intérieur d'une bobine montée sur un fût cylindrique, entre les deux extrémités dudit fût, ledit noyau plongeur se prolongeant d'un côté par une première tige qui traverse la première extrémité dudit fût et se termine par une bague isolante autour de laquelle est monté un contact mobile en regard de deux bornes du circuit de traction, un ressort de rappel étant monté autour de la première tige entre le noyau plongeur et la première extrémité du fût.According to another characteristic of the invention, the movable member is constituted by a plunger core sliding inside a coil mounted on a cylindrical barrel, between the two ends of said barrel, said plunger core extending on one side by a first rod which crosses the first end of said barrel and ends with an insulating ring around which is mounted a movable contact opposite two terminals of the traction circuit, a return spring being mounted around the first rod between the core plunger and the first end of the barrel.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif pyrotechnique comprend: - une seconde tige qui prolonge le noyau plongeur du côté opposé à ladite
première tige, et qui, après avoir traversé la seconde extrémité du fût,
pénètre dans un cylindre ouvert, par son extrémité fermée accolée à
ladite la seconde extrémité, - un piston, fixé à l'extrémité libre de la seconde tige et ajusté dans le
cylindre de manière à y coulisser solidairement avec ladite seconde tige, - une charge pyrotechnique disposée dans le cylindre entre son extrémité
fermée et le piston et commandée par un allumeur, ledit allumeur étant
déclenché par le courant de déclenchement.According to another characteristic of the invention, the pyrotechnic device comprises: - a second rod which extends the plunger core on the side opposite to said
first stem, and which, after crossing the second end of the barrel,
enters an open cylinder, by its closed end attached to
said the second end, - a piston, fixed to the free end of the second rod and adjusted in the
cylinder so as to slide therein integrally with said second rod, - a pyrotechnic charge placed in the cylinder between its end
closed and the piston and controlled by an igniter, said igniter being
triggered by the trigger current.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, un relais est interposé sur le circuit d'alimentation de la bobine, I'ouverture dudit relais étant commandée par le courant de déclenchement.According to another characteristic of the invention, a relay is interposed on the coil supply circuit, the opening of said relay being controlled by the tripping current.

La sécurité pyrotechnique de l'organe de coupure permet de forcer l'ouverture du circuit en cas de choc, assurant ainsi une sécurité totale contre l'incendie ou l'électrocution dus à un court-circuit.The pyrotechnic safety of the cut-off device makes it possible to force the opening of the circuit in the event of an impact, thus ensuring total safety against fire or electrocution due to a short circuit.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description d'un exemple de dispositif selon l'invention, en référence aux dessins dans lesquels: - la figure 1 est une vue schématique représentant l'implantation de
l'organe de coupure selon l'invention sur le circuit de traction d'un
véhicule électrique, - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe représentant l'organe de coupure selon l'invention. Other characteristics and advantages will appear on reading the description of an example of a device according to the invention, with reference to the drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the installation of
the breaking device according to the invention on the traction circuit of a
electric vehicle, - Figure 2 is a sectional view showing the switching device according to the invention.

L'organe de coupure I est disposé sur le circuit électrique de traction 2 reliant la batterie de traction 3 au groupe motopropulseur 4 comme il est schématisé sur la figure 1.The cut-off device I is placed on the electric traction circuit 2 connecting the traction battery 3 to the power train 4 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.

D'une manière connue en soi, L'organe de coupure 1 représenté sur la figure 2 comprend un vérin électromagnétique constitué d'un fût 5 cylindrique à l'intérieur duquel est montée une bobine 6. Un noyau plongeur 7 coulisse à l'intérieur de la bobine 6 entre les deux extrémités 5a,Sb du fût 5, ledit noyau plongeur 7 étant prolongé d'un côté par une première tige 8 qui traverse la première extrémité Sa du fût 5 et se termine par une bague isolante 9 autour de laquelle est montée un contact mobile 10. Un ressort 11 de rappel est monté autour de la première tige 8 entre le noyau plongeur 7 et la première extrémité 5a du fût 5.Lorsque la bobine 6 est parcourue par un courant de commande Ic, il se crée au sein de ladite bobine 6 un champ magnétique qui déplace le noyau plongeur 7 contre la force de rappel du ressort 11 jusqu'à amener le contact mobile 10 au contact de deux bornes 12 du circuit de traction 2, reliant ainsi la batterie de traction 3 au groupe motopropulseur 4. Le circuit 2, ainsi fermé, laisse passer le courant de traction It issue de la batterie 3.In a manner known per se, the cut-off member 1 shown in FIG. 2 comprises an electromagnetic cylinder consisting of a cylindrical barrel 5 inside which is mounted a coil 6. A plunger core 7 slides inside of the coil 6 between the two ends 5a, Sb of the barrel 5, said plunger core 7 being extended on one side by a first rod 8 which passes through the first end Sa of the barrel 5 and ends in an insulating ring 9 around which is mounted a movable contact 10. A return spring 11 is mounted around the first rod 8 between the plunger core 7 and the first end 5a of the barrel 5. When the coil 6 is traversed by a control current Ic, it is created within said coil 6 a magnetic field which moves the plunger core 7 against the return force of the spring 11 until the movable contact 10 comes into contact with two terminals 12 of the traction circuit 2, thus connecting the traction battery 3 to the group power train 4. The circuit 2, thus closed, allows the traction current It from the battery 3 to pass.

Lorsque l'on interrompt le courant de commande Ic à l'intérieur de la bobine 6, le noyau plongeur 7, et donc la première tige 8 sont rappelés à l'intérieur du fût 5 par la force de rappel du ressort 11 jusqu'à ce que ledit noyau plongeur 7 vienne en butée contre la seconde extrémité 5b dudit fût 5. Il s'ensuit que le contact mobile 10 est détaché des bornes 12 du circuit 2 qui se trouve ainsi ouvert, interrompant la circulation du courant de traction It. Mais, en cas de court circuit dans le circuit 2 fermé, ce dernier risque d'être parcouru par une intensité très élevée qui fera fondre le contact mobile 10 et le soudera sur les bornes 12, interdisant ainsi toute manoeuvre d'ouverture ultérieure dudit circuit 2 avec les risques que l'on a évoqués plus haut.When the control current Ic is interrupted inside the coil 6, the plunger core 7, and therefore the first rod 8 are returned to the inside of the barrel 5 by the return force of the spring 11 up to that said plunger core 7 abuts against the second end 5b of said barrel 5. It follows that the movable contact 10 is detached from the terminals 12 of the circuit 2 which is thus opened, interrupting the circulation of the traction current It. However, in the event of a short circuit in the closed circuit 2, the latter risks being traversed by a very high intensity which will melt the movable contact 10 and weld it on the terminals 12, thus prohibiting any subsequent opening operation of said circuit. 2 with the risks that we mentioned above.

De manière à pallier ce défaut, le noyau plongeur 3 se prolonge, du côté opposé à la première tige 8 par une seconde tige 13 opposée à la première et qui, après avoir traversé la seconde extrémité 5b du fût 5, pénètre dans un cylindre ouvert 14, par son extrémité fermée 14a accolée à ladite seconde extrémité Sb. A l'extrémité libre de la seconde tige 13 est fixé un piston 15 ajusté dans le cylindre 14 de manière à y coulisser solidairement avec ladite seconde tige 13. Une charge pyrotechnique 16 est disposée dans le cylindre 14 entre son extrémité fermée 14a et le piston 15 et est commandée par un allumeur 17.Ledit allumeur 17 est relié électriquement, par un circuit de déclenchement 18 à un dispositif de déclenchement 19 du type de ceux utilisés pour actionner par exemple un coussin gonflable et décrit par exemple dans le document W09500369. Un tel dispositif de déclenchement 19 comprend un circuit reliant en série des détonateurs du système de protection, une alimentation de déclenchement commune au circuit connecté en série, et un système de détection des collisions détectant toute collision potentielle afin de faire passer le courant électrique du dispositif d'alimentation qui joue alors le rôle de courant de déclenchement Id de tous les détonateurs du circuit connecté en série. Ce dispositif de déclenchement 19 existant déjà sur le véhicule, il suffira de connecter au circuit de déclenchement 18 l'allumeur 17.Ainsi, en cas de choc, L'allumeur 17 sera parcouru par le courant de déclenchement Id en provenance du dispositif de déclenchement 19 et il provoquera l'explosion de la charge pyrotechnique 16. Cette explosion entraînera la seconde tige 13 par l'intermédiaire du piston 15 jusqu'à ce que le noyau plongeur 7 vienne en butée contre la seconde extrémité Sb du fût 5. La force de l'explosion sera déterminée de manière à décoller le contact mobile 10 des électrodes 12, même si un court circuit au sein du circuit de traction 2 a provoqué au préalable le soudage dudit contact mobile 10 sur lesdites électrodes 12.In order to overcome this defect, the plunger core 3 extends, on the side opposite to the first rod 8 by a second rod 13 opposite the first and which, after having crossed the second end 5b of the barrel 5, enters an open cylinder 14, by its closed end 14a contiguous to said second end Sb. At the free end of the second rod 13 is fixed a piston 15 fitted in the cylinder 14 so as to slide therein integrally with said second rod 13. A pyrotechnic charge 16 is placed in the cylinder 14 between its closed end 14a and the piston 15 and is controlled by an igniter 17. Said igniter 17 is electrically connected, by a trigger circuit 18 to a trigger device 19 of the type used to actuate for example an airbag and described for example in the document WO9500369. Such a triggering device 19 comprises a circuit connecting in series detonators of the protection system, a triggering power supply common to the circuit connected in series, and a collision detection system detecting any potential collision in order to pass the electrical current from the device. supply which then plays the role of tripping current Id of all the detonators of the circuit connected in series. This trigger device 19 already existing on the vehicle, it will suffice to connect to the trigger circuit 18 the igniter 17. Thus, in the event of an impact, The igniter 17 will be traversed by the trigger current Id coming from the trigger device 19 and it will cause the explosion of the pyrotechnic charge 16. This explosion will cause the second rod 13 via the piston 15 until the plunger core 7 abuts against the second end Sb of the barrel 5. The force of the explosion will be determined so as to detach the movable contact 10 from the electrodes 12, even if a short circuit within the traction circuit 2 has previously caused the welding of said movable contact 10 on said electrodes 12.

Dans la plupart des cas, les déformations entraînées par l'explosion de la charge pyrotechnique 16 suffisent à empêcher tout retour de la première tige 8 risquant de refermer le circuit de traction 2 par déplacement du contact mobile 10 contre les électrodes 12. Néanmoins, si la bobine 6 continue à être alimentée en courant de commande Ic, il est possible que le champ magnétique produit par ladite bobine 6 provoque de nouveau la fermeture du circuit de traction 2 et rétablisse ainsi le courant de traction It. De manière à pallier cette éventualité, une variante avantageuse de l'invention prévoit d'utiliser le courant de déclenchement Id pour actionner un relais 20 interposé sur le circuit d'alimentation de la bobine 6, ouvrant ainsi ledit circuit d'alimentation et prévenant toute nouvelle fermeture du circuit de traction 2, contre la force de rappel du ressort 11.In most cases, the deformations caused by the explosion of the pyrotechnic charge 16 are sufficient to prevent any return of the first rod 8, which risks closing the traction circuit 2 by displacement of the movable contact 10 against the electrodes 12. However, if the coil 6 continues to be supplied with control current Ic, it is possible that the magnetic field produced by said coil 6 again causes the closure of the traction circuit 2 and thus restores the traction current It. In order to overcome this possibility, an advantageous variant of the invention provides for using the trip current Id to actuate a relay 20 interposed on the supply circuit of the coil 6, thus opening said supply circuit and preventing any new closure of the traction circuit 2, against the return force of the spring 11.

Bien entendu, I'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et illustré qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple. Tout organe de coupure du circuit électrique de traction du véhicule muni d'un dispositif supplémentaire de coupure de sécurité actionné par une charge pyrotechnique elle-même commandée par le circuit de détection de choc couplé aux systèmes de sécurité habituels tels que les coussins gonflables, ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention. Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only by way of example. Any cut-off device in the vehicle's electric traction circuit fitted with an additional safety cut-out device actuated by a pyrotechnic charge, itself controlled by the shock detection circuit, coupled with conventional safety systems such as airbags, would not go beyond the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Organe de coupure (1) du circuit de traction (2) d'un véhicule1) Cut-off device (1) of the traction circuit (2) of a vehicle électrique, ledit véhicule étant muni d'au moins un dispositif de electric, said vehicle being provided with at least one sécurité, par exemple un coussin gonflable, déclenché par un courant de safety, for example an airbag, triggered by a current of déclenchement (Id) produit en cas de choc par un dispositif de trigger (Id) produced in the event of an impact by a déclenchement (19), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif trigger (19), characterized in that it comprises a device pyrotechnique (13,14,15,16,17) déclenché par le courant de pyrotechnic (13,14,15,16,17) triggered by the current déclenchement (Id) pour procurer l'ouverture du circuit de traction (2), release (Id) to provide the opening of the traction circuit (2), en cas de choc. in the event of an impact. 2) Organe de coupure (1) selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que2) Cutting member (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that l'ouverture du circuit de traction (2) provoquée par le dispositif the opening of the traction circuit (2) caused by the device pyrotechnique (13,14,15,16,17) est réalisée par l'intermédiaire de pyrotechnic (13,14,15,16,17) is carried out through l'organe mobile (7) dudit organe de coupure (1), qui assure, lors du the movable member (7) of said cutting member (1), which ensures, during fonctionnement normal, I'ouverture et la fermeture du circuit de normal operation, opening and closing of the traction (2). traction (2). 3) Organe de coupure (1) selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en3) Cutting member (1) according to the preceding claim characterized in ce que l'organe mobile est constitué par un noyau plongeur (7)  that the movable member is constituted by a plunger core (7) coulissant à l'intérieur d'une bobine (6) montée sur un fût(5) sliding inside a coil (6) mounted on a barrel (5) cylindrique, entre les deux extrémités (Sa,Sb) dudit fût (5), ledit noyau cylindrical, between the two ends (Sa, Sb) of said barrel (5), said core plongeur (7) se prolongeant d'un côté par une première tige (8) qui plunger (7) extending on one side by a first rod (8) which traverse la première extrémité (5a) dudit fût (5) et se termine par une crosses the first end (5a) of said barrel (5) and ends in a bague isolante (9) autour de laquelle est monté un contact mobile (10) insulating ring (9) around which a movable contact (10) is mounted en regard de deux bornes (12) du circuit de traction (2), un ressort (11) opposite two terminals (12) of the traction circuit (2), a spring (11) de rappel étant monté autour de la première tige (8) entre le noyau of return being mounted around the first rod (8) between the core plongeur (7) et la première extrémité (5a) du fût (5). plunger (7) and the first end (5a) of the barrel (5). 4) Organe de coupure (1) selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en4) Cutting member (1) according to the preceding claim characterized in ce que le dispositif pyrotechnique comprend  what the pyrotechnic device includes - une seconde tige (13) qui prolonge le noyau plongeur (7) du côté - a second rod (13) which extends the plunger core (7) from the side opposé à ladite première tige (8), et qui, après avoir traversé la opposite to said first rod (8), and which, after having crossed the seconde extrémité (5b) du fût (5), pénètre dans un cylindre  second end (5b) of the barrel (5), enters a cylinder ouvert (14), par son extrémité fermée (14a) accolée à ladite la open (14), by its closed end (14a) attached to said la seconde extrémité (5b),  second end (5b), - un piston (15), fixé à l'extrémité libre de la seconde tige (13) et - a piston (15), fixed to the free end of the second rod (13) and ajusté dans le cylindre (14) de manière à y coulisser solidairement adjusted in the cylinder (14) so as to slide integrally therein avec ladite seconde tige (13), with said second rod (13), - une charge pyrotechnique (16) disposée dans le cylindre (14) entre - a pyrotechnic charge (16) disposed in the cylinder (14) between son extrémité fermée (14a) et le piston (15) et commandée par un its closed end (14a) and the piston (15) and controlled by a allumeur (17), ledit allumeur (17) étant déclenché par le courant de igniter (17), said igniter (17) being triggered by the current of déclenchement (Id). trigger (Id). commandée par le courant de déclenchement (Id).  controlled by the tripping current (Id). d'alimentation de la bobine, I'ouverture dudit relais (20) étant supply of the coil, the opening of said relay (20) being caractérisé en ce qu'un relais (20) est interposé sur le circuit characterized in that a relay (20) is interposed on the circuit 5) Organe de coupure (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4 5) Cutting member (1) according to any one of claims 3 or 4
FR9514167A 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 PYROTECHNIC SECURITY ELECTRICAL SHUT-OFF Expired - Fee Related FR2741994B1 (en)

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WO2020187688A1 (en) * 2019-03-18 2020-09-24 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Switching device for fast disconnection of short-circuit currents
US11050241B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-06-29 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Active current injection through a fuse for an electric mobile application
US11052784B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-07-06 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Power distribution unit and fuse management for an electric mobile application
US11108225B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2021-08-31 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited System, method, and apparatus for power distribution in an electric mobile application using a combined breaker and relay
US11368031B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2022-06-21 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Power distribution and circuit protection for a mobile application having a high efficiency inverter
US11443910B2 (en) 2019-09-27 2022-09-13 Gigavac, Llc Contact levitation triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features
US11670937B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2023-06-06 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Coolant connector having a chamfered lip and fir tree axially aligned with at least one o-ring

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