FR2520779A1 - Vented breeze block for building - has vertical air ducts close to one surface with odd number to compensate for offsetting - Google Patents

Vented breeze block for building - has vertical air ducts close to one surface with odd number to compensate for offsetting Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2520779A1
FR2520779A1 FR8201820A FR8201820A FR2520779A1 FR 2520779 A1 FR2520779 A1 FR 2520779A1 FR 8201820 A FR8201820 A FR 8201820A FR 8201820 A FR8201820 A FR 8201820A FR 2520779 A1 FR2520779 A1 FR 2520779A1
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France
Prior art keywords
air
skin
connections
block
offsetting
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FR8201820A
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French (fr)
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR8201820A priority Critical patent/FR2520779A1/en
Publication of FR2520779A1 publication Critical patent/FR2520779A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0023—Building characterised by incorporated canalisations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/392—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The block has ducts which form an air layer (3) between the main body of the block (1) and an outer block skin (4). The connections (5) between the skin and the body are sized and shaped for minimum area, compatible with rigidity and to give turbulence to upward air movement. The number of ducts is uneven, to give duct continuity with normal building course offsetting. The connections widen upwards, do not extend on one part of the block height, and resist shear forces due to weight and differential expansion.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un élément de construction du type parpaing, conçu particulièrement pour réaliser une ventilation naturelle, dans des conditions d'iso 'liement thermique et phonique améliorées. Conformément à la présente invention, un élément de construction notamment du type parpaing est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte des canaux internes au voisinage d'une des faces, ces canaux définissant une lame d'air entre d'une part le corps de l'élément et d'autre part une peau séparée du corps de l'élément par ladite lame d'air, les liaisons entre la peau et le corps de l'élément ayant des dimensions et des formes permettant avec une superficie minimum compatible avec la solidité, d'assurer un brassage de l'air dans son mouvement ascensionnel dans la lame d'air. The subject of the present invention is a building element of the concrete block type, designed in particular to provide natural ventilation, under improved thermal and sound insulation conditions. In accordance with the present invention, a construction element in particular of the concrete block type is remarkable in that it comprises internal channels in the vicinity of one of the faces, these channels defining an air gap between on the one hand the body of the element and on the other hand a skin separated from the body of the element by said air gap, the connections between the skin and the body of the element having dimensions and shapes allowing with a minimum surface compatible with the solidity , to ensure air mixing in its upward movement in the air space.

En particulier les liaisons devront résister aux efforts de cisaillement exercés par le poids et les phénomènes de dilatation différentielle de la peau. On pourra envisager pour ces liaisons des profils qui forment un freins au nouvement descensionnel au profit du sens ascensionnel. La peau du parpaing- avec la lame d'air sous-jacente constituent ainsi un capteur solaire. In particular, the connections must resist the shearing forces exerted by the weight and the phenomena of differential expansion of the skin. We can consider for these links profiles which form a brake on the new downward movement in favor of the upward direction. The skin of the concrete block - with the underlying air space thus constitutes a solar collector.

Les lames d'air ainsi définies sont en communication avec des installations appropriées de récupération ou d'utilisation, comme il est bien connu pour les murs comportant des lames d'air. The air spaces thus defined are in communication with appropriate recovery or use installations, as is well known for walls comprising air spaces.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaitront au cours de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard des dessins ci-joints et qui fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée. Other characteristics of the invention will appear during the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the attached drawings and which will make it clear how the invention can be implemented.

Les dessins montrent
fioure 1, une vue en perspective d'un parpaing selon l'invention , et
figure 2, une représentation d'une lame d'air selon une variante.The drawings show
fioure 1, a perspective view of a concrete block according to the invention, and
Figure 2, a representation of an air gap according to a variant.

Le parpaing 1 de la figure 1 comporte un corps 2 et au voisinage d'une de ses faces, destinée en principe à être la face extérieure du batiment à construire avec ce par paing, est formée une lame d'air 3. Cette lame d'air est délimitée par le corps 2, par la peau 4 qu'elle sépare du corps, et par des liaisons 5 assurant l'unité du parpaing. The concrete block 1 of FIG. 1 comprises a body 2 and in the vicinity of one of its faces, intended in principle to be the external face of the building to be constructed with this by paing, an air gap 3 is formed. This blade d air is delimited by the body 2, by the skin 4 which it separates from the body, and by connections 5 ensuring the unity of the concrete block.

Dans l'exemple représenté, ces liaisons définissent des ouvertures supérieures 6a, 6b, alors que vers le bas, toute la partie inférieure de la lame d'air est sans aucune division. Le bas des liaisons forme un diviseur de flux 5a. Comme dans la construction habituelle, les parpaings sont super, posés en quinconce, selon une caractéristique importante de la présente invention, le rythme des liaisons 5 est impair, de façon qu'avec le décalage normal de deux rangées horizontales de parpaings, c'est un diviseur de flux 5a qui va se trouver au dessus d'une ouverture 6. On comprend alors que le flux d'air circulant vers le haut subira des pertes de charge.In the example shown, these connections define upper openings 6a, 6b, while downwards, the entire lower part of the air space is without any division. The bottom of the links forms a flow divider 5a. As in the usual construction, the blocks are super, staggered, according to an important characteristic of the present invention, the rhythm of the links 5 is odd, so that with the normal offset of two horizontal rows of blocks, it is a flow divider 5a which will be located above an opening 6. It is then understood that the air flow circulating upwards will suffer pressure losses.

L'amplitude de ces pertes de charge n'est pas considérable, mais le rôle de ce ralentissement du courant d'air est important. The magnitude of these pressure drops is not considerable, but the role of this slowing of the air flow is important.

La figure 2 représente schématiquement une autre forme de liaison 10. Dans ce cas, c'est la partie supérieure 11 de la lame d'air qui est continue tranversalement. La superposition de deux rangées de parpaings procure le même effet de division, comme représenté schématiquement. Ainsi, à chaque rangée horizontale, les flux d'air sont divisés en deux et les deux parties divisées de deux flux adjacents se brassent ensemble (voir les fiches , figure 1). On obtient une bonne uniformisation de la température et une perte de charge suffisante pour que l'air puisse absorber les calories reçues par la peau, formant le parement de la construction. FIG. 2 schematically represents another form of connection 10. In this case, it is the upper part 11 of the air gap which is continuous transversely. The superposition of two rows of concrete blocks provides the same dividing effect, as shown schematically. Thus, in each horizontal row, the air flows are divided in two and the two divided parts of two adjacent flows mix together (see the sheets, Figure 1). Good temperature uniformity and a sufficient pressure drop are obtained so that the air can absorb the calories received by the skin, forming the facing of the construction.

Sans être limitatif, on pourra citer comme formes avantageuses pour les liaisons outre celles représentées, des losanges, hexaèdres, ellipses etc...,sans perdre de vue l'opé- ration de démoulage. La répartition impaire de ces liaisons interfaces confère un décalage d'un demi pas favorisant un bon brassage de l'air. En règle générale, les liaisons comporteront au moins une partie qui s'élargit vers le haut, pour favorisér l'effet de division des flux d'air, ainsi que l'ef- fet de réunion de deux demi flux provenant de deux flux dif férents. Without being limiting, we can cite as advantageous forms for the connections in addition to those shown, diamonds, hexahedra, ellipses, etc., without losing sight of the demolding operation. The odd distribution of these interface links gives an offset of half a step promoting good mixing of the air. As a general rule, the connections will comprise at least one part which widens upwards, to favor the effect of division of the air flows, as well as the effect of joining two half flows coming from two diffuse flows. famous.

L'épaisseur de la lame d'air est établie en fonction du volume d'air à transiter et de son débit. 2 cm peut être une bonne valeur. Des épaisseurs plus importantes seront choisies lorsque le débit d'air l'exigera, ce qui pourra être le cas dans des secteurs à forte isolation. Le parement lui même ou peau peut avoir une épaisseur de 2 cm. Cela dépend de la résistance recherchée, en fonction de la résistance du béton. Le parpaing selon l'invention pourra être fabriqué, plein ou creux - en béton de ciment avec agrégats de fines granulométries - en bétons cellulaires - en bétons de verre cellulaire, de ponce, de polystyrène... The thickness of the air gap is established as a function of the volume of air to be conveyed and its flow rate. 2 cm can be a good value. Larger thicknesses will be chosen when the air flow requires it, which may be the case in areas with high insulation. The facing itself or skin can have a thickness of 2 cm. It depends on the resistance sought, depending on the resistance of the concrete. The concrete block according to the invention can be made, full or hollow - in cement concrete with aggregates of fine particle size - in cellular concrete - in concrete of cellular glass, pumice, polystyrene ...

- en pierre reconstituée - en tous matériaux, aptes à assurer les fonctions d'un élé-
ment de structure ou de remplissage auquel est associé une
ta roi mince pour enfermer une lame d'air en mouvement.- in reconstituted stone - in all materials, capable of performing the functions of an
structure or filling ment to which a
your thin king to enclose a moving air gap.

Les dimensions des éléments selon l'invention sont standards : longueur 50 cm, hauteur 20 cm, épaisseur de 15 à 30 cm, mais bien entendu cela n'a aucun caractère limitatif. The dimensions of the elements according to the invention are standard: length 50 cm, height 20 cm, thickness from 15 to 30 cm, but of course this is not limiting.

Les éléments sont pourvus d'un ensemble de profils favorisant le positionnement et supprimant les risques de coulures de laitance ou de mortier dans la lame d'air. Ainsi, on a représenté deux nervures supérieures latérales 15, et 16, (figure 1) entre lesquelles sera disposé le mortier de liaison. I1 peut y avoir une autre nervure centrale pour les éléments plus épais. The elements are provided with a set of profiles favoring the positioning and eliminating the risks of drips of laitance or mortar in the air space. Thus, two lateral upper ribs 15 and 16 have been shown (FIG. 1) between which the bonding mortar will be placed. There may be another central rib for the thicker elements.

En dehors des éléments courants, on pourra prévoir des éléments d'angle, poteaux, linteaux, etc... Apart from the common elements, it will be possible to provide corner elements, posts, lintels, etc.

Sur chaque hauteur d'étage sera disposée en partie supérieure du mur, une rangée d'éléments présentant des passages transversaux afin que l'air préchauffé ou non de la lame d'air extérieur puisse transiter vers l'intérieur du local en hiver, ou que l'air intérieur puisse sortir à l'extérieur en été par exemple. On each floor height will be arranged in the upper part of the wall, a row of elements having transverse passages so that the preheated or unheated air from the outside air space can pass into the interior of the room in winter, or that indoor air can go outside in summer for example.

L'air neuf est pris, pour chaque étage en partie basse extérieure du mur par une ouverture pratiquée dans le parement; il passe en s'échauffant par l'énergie solaire et est ensuite
- soit mélangé avec l'air provenant de la lame intérieure échauffée lors de son élévation en parois par l'effet pariétodynamique et évacué vers la toiture où il participera à l'échange avec l'air de renouvellement en complément de l'air extrait et du préchauffage de 1'ECS (eau chaude sanitaire).Fresh air is taken in, for each floor in the lower exterior part of the wall, through an opening in the facing; it is heated by solar energy and is then
- either mixed with the air coming from the internal blade heated during its elevation in walls by the parietodynamic effect and evacuated towards the roof where it will take part in the exchange with the air of renewal in complement of the extracted air and DHW preheating (domestic hot water).

- soit injecté, après avoir subi l'effet pariétodynamique, vers la cellule intérieure. - or injected, after having undergone the parietodynamic effect, towards the interior cell.

Avec des parpaings qui ne coutent pas plus cher que les autres, et dont la mise en oeuvre est aussi simple, on obtient directement un mur à capteur solaire et à récupération des calories. With concrete blocks that cost no more than the others, and whose implementation is as simple, we obtain a wall with solar collector and heat recovery.

I1 va de soi que les modes de réalisation décrits ne sont que des exemples et qu'il serait possible des les modifier notamment par substitution d'équivalents techniques sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.  It goes without saying that the embodiments described are only examples and that it would be possible to modify them in particular by substitution of technical equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS :CLAIMS: 1.- Elément de construction, notamment du type parpaing, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des canaux internes au voisinage d'une des faces, ces canaux définissant une lame d'air (3) entre d'un part le corps de l'élément et d'autre part une peau (4) séparée du corps de l'élément par ladite lame d'air, les liaisons (5) entre la peau et le corps de l'élément ayant des dimensions et des formes permettant avec une superficie minimum compatible avec la solidité, d'assurer un brassage de l'air dans son mouvement ascensionnel dans la lame d'air (3). 1.- Construction element, in particular of the concrete block type, characterized in that it comprises internal channels in the vicinity of one of the faces, these channels defining an air space (3) between on the one hand the body of the element and on the other hand a skin (4) separated from the body of the element by said air gap, the connections (5) between the skin and the body of the element having dimensions and shapes allowing with a minimum surface compatible with the solidity, to ensure a mixing of the air in its upward movement in the air space (3). 2.- Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre des canaux formant la lame d'air (3) est impair. 2.- element according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of channels forming the air space (3) is odd. 3.- Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les liaisons (5) entre peau et corps présentent une forme s'élargissant vers le haut. 3.- Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections (5) between skin and body have a shape widening upwards. 4.- Elément selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les liaisons (5) ne s'étendent que sur une partie de la hauteur de l'élément.  4.- Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connections (5) extend only over a part of the height of the element.
FR8201820A 1982-02-04 1982-02-04 Vented breeze block for building - has vertical air ducts close to one surface with odd number to compensate for offsetting Withdrawn FR2520779A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8201820A FR2520779A1 (en) 1982-02-04 1982-02-04 Vented breeze block for building - has vertical air ducts close to one surface with odd number to compensate for offsetting

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8201820A FR2520779A1 (en) 1982-02-04 1982-02-04 Vented breeze block for building - has vertical air ducts close to one surface with odd number to compensate for offsetting

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4715163A (en) * 1985-02-20 1987-12-29 Lorenz Kesting Apparatus for mortaring large-format bricks into a wall
WO2007054986A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-18 Unirack Western Group S.A. Modular structural system for the building of functional spaces by assembling a plurality of structural self-supporting modules

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4715163A (en) * 1985-02-20 1987-12-29 Lorenz Kesting Apparatus for mortaring large-format bricks into a wall
WO2007054986A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-18 Unirack Western Group S.A. Modular structural system for the building of functional spaces by assembling a plurality of structural self-supporting modules

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