FR2497407A2 - High specific energy battery - using oxychloride of sulphur as active cathode and also solvent for the electrolyte - Google Patents

High specific energy battery - using oxychloride of sulphur as active cathode and also solvent for the electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2497407A2
FR2497407A2 FR8027802A FR8027802A FR2497407A2 FR 2497407 A2 FR2497407 A2 FR 2497407A2 FR 8027802 A FR8027802 A FR 8027802A FR 8027802 A FR8027802 A FR 8027802A FR 2497407 A2 FR2497407 A2 FR 2497407A2
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France
Prior art keywords
solvent
electrolyte
pref
discharge
alkali metal
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Pending
Application number
FR8027802A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Paul Gabano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gipelec SA
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Gipelec SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Gipelec SA filed Critical Gipelec SA
Priority to FR8027802A priority Critical patent/FR2497407A2/en
Priority to US06/243,796 priority patent/US4371592A/en
Priority to EP81102093A priority patent/EP0037031A1/en
Priority to IL62497A priority patent/IL62497A0/en
Priority to ES500794A priority patent/ES500794A0/en
Priority to AU68848/81A priority patent/AU6884881A/en
Publication of FR2497407A2 publication Critical patent/FR2497407A2/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The anode active material is an alkali metal and the cathode active material is an oxychloride of sulphur which doubles as solvent for the electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a dissolved salt and a co-solvent, the voltage redn. of which is less w.r.t. the alkali metal than the voltage reduction of SO2. Pref. the vol. proportions of the co-solvent w.r.t. the contamination solvent co-solvent are 30-45% so as to obtain in the discharge curves a second perceptible discharge plateau at the level of the voltage redn. of the SO2. The alkali metal is pref. Li, the proportion of co-solvent is pref. 40%. The solvent is pref. thionyl, sulphuryl or phosphoryl chloride. The dissolved salt is pref. LiSbCl6 in soln. at 1.5 moles/l. The cell does not suffer from the problem of prior cells contg. POCl2, sulpholane and SO2 that high concns. are necessary, but allows a second plateau of discharge to exist.

Description

Pile de grande énergie spécifique dans. laquelle la matière active anodique est un métal alcalin
La présente addition concerne des piles de grande énergie spécifique du type décrit dans le brevet principal n0 80 07 077 du 28 mars 1980. De telles piles présentent en fin de décharge un palier secondaire qui permet de déceler la fin de la décharge sans que l'alimentation descende à un niveau inacceptable.
High specific energy stack in. which the anodic active ingredient is an alkali metal
The present addition relates to specific high energy batteries of the type described in the main patent No. 80 07 077 of March 28, 1980. Such batteries have a secondary bearing at the end of the discharge which makes it possible to detect the end of the discharge without the food drops to an unacceptable level.

Selon la revendication 1 du brevet principal ce palier secondaire est obtenu par addition d'un co-solvant dont les proportions par rapport à l'ensemble solvant-co-solvant sont comprises entre 30 et 45%. Ce co-solvant doit avoir une tension de réduction par rapport au métal alcalin constituant la matière active anodique de la pile, inférieure à la tension de réduction de l'anhydride sulfureux. According to claim 1 of the main patent, this secondary bearing is obtained by adding a co-solvent, the proportions of which relative to the solvent-co-solvent assembly are between 30 and 45%. This co-solvent must have a reduction voltage with respect to the alkali metal constituting the anodic active material of the cell, lower than the reduction voltage of sulfur dioxide.

Les co-solvants proposés dans le brevet principal, et, parmi eux, surtout le chlorure de phosphoryle donnent bien le résultat cherché. Néanmoins, l'addition de chlorure de phosphoryle au chlorure de thionyle ou de sulfuryle diminue la solubilité du soluté, par exemple de tétrachloroaluminate de lithium dont la concentration ne peut plus dépasser 0,9 mole/litre. Il en résulte une certaine augmentation de la résistance interne de la pile. The co-solvents proposed in the main patent, and, among them, especially phosphoryl chloride give the desired result. However, the addition of phosphoryl chloride to thionyl chloride or sulfuryl decreases the solubility of the solute, for example lithium tetrachloroaluminate, the concentration of which can no longer exceed 0.9 mol / liter. This results in a certain increase in the internal resistance of the battery.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier cet inconvénient. The object of the present invention is to overcome this drawback.

Elle a pour objet une pile de grande énergie spécifique, selon les revendications 1 à 5 de la demande de brevet principal, caractérisée par le fait que ledit co-solvant est du chlorure de benzoyle.It relates to a specific high energy battery, according to claims 1 to 5 of the main patent application, characterized in that said co-solvent is benzoyl chloride.

L'addition de chlorure de benzoyle, tout en faisant apparattre un second palier en fin de charge, permet de dissoudre des concentrations de tétrachloroaluminate de lithium allant jusqu'à 1,5 mole/litre. The addition of benzoyl chloride, while showing a second level at the end of the charge, makes it possible to dissolve concentrations of lithium tetrachloroaluminate of up to 1.5 mole / liter.

La tension de réduction du chlorure de benzoyle est 2,4 volts.The reduction voltage of benzoyl chloride is 2.4 volts.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de l'exemple ciaprès illustré par le dessin dans lequel : - la figure 1 représente une coupe partielle d'une pile selon l'invention, - la figure 2 représente une courbe de décharge (A) d'une pile selon le brevet principal et une courbe de décharge (B) d'une pile selon la présente addition. The invention will be better understood using the example below illustrated by the drawing in which: - Figure 1 shows a partial section of a battery according to the invention, - Figure 2 shows a discharge curve (A ) of a battery according to the main patent and a discharge curve (B) of a battery according to the present addition.

Sur la figure 1, une pile 1 selon l'invention a été représentée en coupe partielle. Elle comprend un godet 2 en une feuille complexe constituée par une feuille acier inoxydable et une feuille de nickel laminées ensemble, la feuille de nickel étant tournée vers l'intérieur. La fermeture du godet se d'un anneau 3 en acier inoxydable soudé en 4 au cord du godet et qui est électriquement isolé d'un cylindre 5 en sillage de ferro-niekel par zdn joint. étanche en verre 6.Ce cylindre 5 est fermé par un Goo 7 n alliage de ferro-niekel qui lui est soudé en 8. Un disque de polytetra- fluoréthylèrie 9 protège l'anneau 3 del'attaque chimique des composants de la pile
La pile est ainsi fermée hermétiquement Elle est terminée extérieurement par un capot 10 en acier inoxydable qui coiffe le cylindre 5 et est en contact avec un anneau 11 qui s'enfile à force sur le cylindre 5. L'anneau il est isolé de l'anneau 3 par un anneau 12 en polytétrafluoréthylène.
In Figure 1, a battery 1 according to the invention has been shown in partial section. It comprises a cup 2 made of a complex sheet constituted by a stainless steel sheet and a nickel sheet rolled together, the nickel sheet being turned inward. The closure of the bucket is a stainless steel ring 3 welded in 4 to the cord of the bucket and which is electrically isolated from a cylinder 5 in the wake of ferro-niekel by zdn joint. waterproof glass 6.This cylinder 5 is closed by a Goo 7 n ferro-niekel alloy which is welded to it in 8. A polytetrafluoroethylene disc 9 protects the ring 3 from chemical attack by the components of the cell
The stack is thus hermetically closed. It is terminated externally by a cover 10 made of stainless steel which covers the cylinder 5 and is in contact with a ring 11 which is forced onto the cylinder 5. The ring is isolated from the ring 3 by a ring 12 in polytetrafluoroethylene.

Le godet est enveloppé dans une gaine t3 en chlorure de polyvinyle et une couche de résine thermodurcissable 14 protège les bords du capot 10. The cup is wrapped in a sheath t3 made of polyvinyl chloride and a layer of thermosetting resin 14 protects the edges of the cover 10.

La cathode 15, ou plus exactement le collecteur cathodique, est un cylindre poreux constitué par un mélange de 85% de noir d'acétylène et de 15% de polytétrafluoréthylène au contact du godet 2. The cathode 15, or more precisely the cathode collector, is a porous cylinder made up of a mixture of 85% acetylene black and 15% polytetrafluoroethylene in contact with well 2.

L'anode 16 est constituée par une feuille de lithium enroulée sur le collecteur anodique 17. lui-meme constitué par une feuille d'acier inoxydable enroulée. Un ressort 18 en acier inoxydable tend à repousser l'anode vers le collecteur cathodique 15 dont elle est séparée par un séparateur 19. Un disque 20 de polytétrafluoréthylène isole l'anode du fond du godet 2. Le ressort 18 est soudé au cylindre 5, de sorte que le capot 10 constitue la borne négative de la pile dont le godet 2 constitue la borne positive par son fond non protégé par la gaine 13.The anode 16 is constituted by a lithium sheet wound on the anode collector 17. itself constituted by a wound stainless steel sheet. A stainless steel spring 18 tends to push the anode towards the cathode collector 15 from which it is separated by a separator 19. A polytetrafluoroethylene disc 20 isolates the anode from the bottom of the cup 2. The spring 18 is welded to the cylinder 5, so that the cover 10 constitutes the negative terminal of the stack, the cup 2 of which constitutes the positive terminal by its bottom not protected by the sheath 13.

Dans l'exemple qui est décrit les dimensions extérieures de la pile correspondent aux dimensions normalisées des piles R6 de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. Le collecteur cathodique a une hauteur de 40 mm et une épaisseur de 4 mm. L'anode de lithium a un poids de 0,492 g, ce qui correspond à une capacité de 1,9Ah.  In the example which is described, the external dimensions of the battery correspond to the standard dimensions of the R6 batteries of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The cathode collector has a height of 40 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. The lithium anode has a weight of 0.492 g, which corresponds to a capacity of 1.9 Ah.

Deux séries de piles ont été montées, la seule composante variable étant la composition de l'électrolyte. Two series of batteries were fitted, the only variable component being the composition of the electrolyte.

La série A correspond au type décrit dans le brevet principal : l'électrolyte est composé de 60% de chlorure de thionyle, 36% de chlorure de phosphoryle et 4% de tétrachloroaluminate de lithium (tous les pourcentages sont donnés en volume). La concentration du soluté correspond à peu près à 0,5 mole/litre. Series A corresponds to the type described in the main patent: the electrolyte is composed of 60% thionyl chloride, 36% phosphoryl chloride and 4% lithium tetrachloroaluminate (all the percentages are given by volume). The concentration of the solute corresponds to approximately 0.5 mole / liter.

Dans la série B selon la présente invention, l'électrolyte est composé de 58,7% de chlorure de thionyle, 33,3% de chlorure de benzoyle et 8% de tétrachloroaluminate de lithium (environ 1M).  In series B according to the present invention, the electrolyte is composed of 58.7% of thionyl chloride, 33.3% of benzoyl chloride and 8% of lithium tetrachloroaluminate (approximately 1M).

Ces deux séries de piles ont été déchargées sur une résistance de 1000 ohms à la température ambiante. These two series of batteries were discharged on a resistance of 1000 ohms at room temperature.

Les courbes de décharge A et B sont représentées sur la figure 2 où les tensions V ont été portées en volts en ordonnée et le temps T en jours en abscisse. La courbe en pointillé A représente la moyenne de la première série et la courbe en trait plein B la moyenne de la seconde série
Comme on le voit la courbe B présent#e un second palier en fin de décharge, à une tension légèrement supérieure à celle du second palier de la série A. Les rendements du premier palier (décharge de SOCL2) sont 85,7% pour la série A et 90% pour la série B, tandis que les seconds paliers ont des rendements respectivement de 54,6% et 47% calculés sur la quantité de S02 formée lors de la décharge.
The discharge curves A and B are shown in FIG. 2 where the voltages V have been plotted in volts on the ordinate and the time T in days on the abscissa. The dotted curve A represents the average of the first series and the solid line curve B represents the average of the second series
As we see the curve B present # e a second stage at the end of discharge, at a voltage slightly higher than that of the second stage of series A. The yields of the first stage (SOCL2 discharge) are 85.7% for the series A and 90% for series B, while the second stages have yields respectively of 54.6% and 47% calculated on the quantity of SO2 formed during the discharge.

On voit qu'avec le chlorure de benzoyle le palier se produit à une tension légèrement supérieure à 3 volts, ce qui peut être un avantage dans certaines applications où la tension, tout en marquant un décrochement ne doit pas s'abaisser trop. We see that with benzoyl chloride the bearing occurs at a voltage slightly higher than 3 volts, which can be an advantage in certain applications where the voltage, while marking a step should not be lowered too much.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple qui vient d'être décrit.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the example which has just been described.

Claims (2)

REVENDICATIONS 1/ Pile de grande énergie spécifique, selon les revendications 1 à 5 de la demande de brevet principal, dans laquelle la matière active anodique est un métal alcalin, et la matière active cathodique un oxychlorure de soufre qui sert en même temps de solvant d'électrolyte, ledit électrolyte contenant en outre un sel dissous et un co-solvant, caractérisée par le fait que ledit co-solvant est du chlorure de benzoyle.1 / High specific energy cell, according to claims 1 to 5 of the main patent application, in which the anodic active material is an alkali metal, and the cathodic active material a sulfur oxychloride which at the same time serves as a solvent for electrolyte, said electrolyte further containing a dissolved salt and a co-solvent, characterized in that said co-solvent is benzoyl chloride. 2/ Pile selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que le sel dissous est du tétrachloroaluminate de lithium à raison de 0,8 à 1,5 mole/litre. 2 / cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolved salt is lithium tetrachloroaluminate in an amount of 0.8 to 1.5 moles / liter.
FR8027802A 1980-03-28 1980-12-30 High specific energy battery - using oxychloride of sulphur as active cathode and also solvent for the electrolyte Pending FR2497407A2 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8027802A FR2497407A2 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 High specific energy battery - using oxychloride of sulphur as active cathode and also solvent for the electrolyte
US06/243,796 US4371592A (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-16 Primary cell of high energy density in which the anode active material is an alkali metal
EP81102093A EP0037031A1 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-20 High energy density cell with alkali-metal anode
IL62497A IL62497A0 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-26 Primary cell of high energy density in which the anode active material is an alkali metal
ES500794A ES500794A0 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-27 IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY BATTERIES
AU68848/81A AU6884881A (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-27 Alkali metal cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8027802A FR2497407A2 (en) 1980-12-30 1980-12-30 High specific energy battery - using oxychloride of sulphur as active cathode and also solvent for the electrolyte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2497407A2 true FR2497407A2 (en) 1982-07-02

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922174A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-11-25 Gte Laboratories Inc Electrochemical cell
US3923543A (en) * 1972-11-13 1975-12-02 Gte Laboratories Inc Electrochemical cell
FR2341952A1 (en) * 1976-02-18 1977-09-16 Union Carbide Corp ELECTRIC BATTERY WITH DIVIDED AND ELASTICALLY PUSHED BACK CATHODE
US4184007A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-01-15 Union Carbide Corporation Nonaqueous battery construction
FR2450506A1 (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-09-26 Union Carbide Corp NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923543A (en) * 1972-11-13 1975-12-02 Gte Laboratories Inc Electrochemical cell
US3922174A (en) * 1973-01-22 1975-11-25 Gte Laboratories Inc Electrochemical cell
FR2341952A1 (en) * 1976-02-18 1977-09-16 Union Carbide Corp ELECTRIC BATTERY WITH DIVIDED AND ELASTICALLY PUSHED BACK CATHODE
US4184007A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-01-15 Union Carbide Corporation Nonaqueous battery construction
FR2450506A1 (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-09-26 Union Carbide Corp NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EXBK/79 *

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