FR2392661A1 - METAL PROSTHESIS WITH A COATING ON ITS SURFACE OF PLATINUM, RUTHENIUM OR IRIDIUM OR AN ALLOY OF ONE OF THESE METALS - Google Patents

METAL PROSTHESIS WITH A COATING ON ITS SURFACE OF PLATINUM, RUTHENIUM OR IRIDIUM OR AN ALLOY OF ONE OF THESE METALS

Info

Publication number
FR2392661A1
FR2392661A1 FR7816505A FR7816505A FR2392661A1 FR 2392661 A1 FR2392661 A1 FR 2392661A1 FR 7816505 A FR7816505 A FR 7816505A FR 7816505 A FR7816505 A FR 7816505A FR 2392661 A1 FR2392661 A1 FR 2392661A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
iridium
ruthenium
platinum
metals
alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7816505A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2392661B1 (en
Inventor
John Harold Frederick Notton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson Matthey PLC
Original Assignee
Johnson Matthey PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Matthey PLC filed Critical Johnson Matthey PLC
Publication of FR2392661A1 publication Critical patent/FR2392661A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2392661B1 publication Critical patent/FR2392661B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/047—Other specific metals or alloys not covered by A61L27/042 - A61L27/045 or A61L27/06
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/306—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/303 - A61L27/32
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30107—Properties of materials and coating materials using materials or accessories for preventing galvanic or electrolytic corrosion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30667—Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30673—Lubricating means, e.g. synovial pocket
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2002/30934—Special articulating surfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0009—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using materials or accessories for preventing galvanic or electrolytic corrosion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00395—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of metals or of alloys
    • A61F2310/00419—Other metals
    • A61F2310/00562—Coating made of platinum or Pt-based alloys

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une prothèse métallique et un procédé de fabrication de celle-ci. La prothèse comporte sur au moins une partie de sa surface une couche ou dépot de platine, de ruthénium ou d'iridium ou un alliage contenant au moins un de ces métaux et facultativement du palladium, du rhodium, de l'or et/ou un métal de base. L'invention est utilisable pour la fabrication de prothèses d'articulation et de plaques de réparation.The present invention relates to a metal prosthesis and a method of manufacturing the same. The prosthesis comprises on at least part of its surface a layer or deposit of platinum, ruthenium or iridium or an alloy containing at least one of these metals and optionally palladium, rhodium, gold and / or a base metal. The invention can be used for the manufacture of joint prostheses and repair plates.

FR7816505A 1977-06-02 1978-06-02 METAL PROSTHESIS WITH A COATING ON ITS SURFACE OF PLATINUM, RUTHENIUM OR IRIDIUM OR AN ALLOY OF ONE OF THESE METALS Granted FR2392661A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB23448/77A GB1602375A (en) 1977-06-02 1977-06-02 Coating of metals

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2392661A1 true FR2392661A1 (en) 1978-12-29
FR2392661B1 FR2392661B1 (en) 1985-04-26

Family

ID=10195800

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7816505A Granted FR2392661A1 (en) 1977-06-02 1978-06-02 METAL PROSTHESIS WITH A COATING ON ITS SURFACE OF PLATINUM, RUTHENIUM OR IRIDIUM OR AN ALLOY OF ONE OF THESE METALS

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US4263681A (en)
JP (1) JPS5439996A (en)
BE (1) BE867719A (en)
CA (1) CA1115653A (en)
CH (1) CH640130A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2824063A1 (en)
DK (1) DK241378A (en)
FI (1) FI781749A (en)
FR (1) FR2392661A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1602375A (en)
IE (1) IE46913B1 (en)
IS (1) IS1126B6 (en)
IT (1) IT1108503B (en)
LU (1) LU79754A1 (en)
NL (1) NL7805838A (en)
NO (1) NO143049C (en)
SE (1) SE7806424L (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002107A1 (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-10-16 H Anderl Material for prosthesis
WO1983003350A1 (en) * 1982-03-26 1983-10-13 BRÖMER, Heinz Auditory ossicles prosthesis and method for the fabrication thereof
NL1011779C2 (en) * 1999-04-13 2000-10-16 Elephant Dental Bv Biomedical device or implant.

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4687487A (en) * 1978-07-21 1987-08-18 Association Suisse Pour La Recherches Horlogere Joint implant
US4476590A (en) * 1980-03-27 1984-10-16 National Research Development Corporation Antimicrobial surgical implants
US4535486A (en) * 1981-05-18 1985-08-20 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Low friction bearing surfaces and structures particularly for artificial prosthetic joints
DE3342562C2 (en) * 1983-11-25 1985-10-03 Berchem & Schaberg Gmbh, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Process for the production of a bone implant
US4822369A (en) * 1986-06-10 1989-04-18 Gerard Oueveau Bone joint prosthesis
IN167706B (en) * 1986-08-21 1990-12-08 Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst For M
US5980974A (en) * 1996-01-19 1999-11-09 Implant Sciences Corporation Coated orthopaedic implant components
US5674293A (en) * 1996-01-19 1997-10-07 Implant Sciences Corp. Coated orthopaedic implant components
US5855950A (en) * 1996-12-30 1999-01-05 Implant Sciences Corporation Method for growing an alumina surface on orthopaedic implant components
DE19731021A1 (en) 1997-07-18 1999-01-21 Meyer Joerg In vivo degradable metallic implant
KR100348022B1 (en) * 1998-06-16 2002-08-07 다나까 기낀조꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 Method for Producing Sputtering Target Material
US6428579B1 (en) * 1998-07-01 2002-08-06 Brown University Research Foundation Implantable prosthetic devices coated with bioactive molecules
US6547824B1 (en) 1998-08-25 2003-04-15 Peter E. Price Extended life prosthetic joints through thermal management
GB2341803B (en) * 1998-09-24 2000-10-25 Corin Medical Ltd A knee prosthesis
DE19944970C1 (en) * 1999-09-14 2001-04-12 Bam Bundesanstalt Matforschung Production of titanium (alloy) implant or substrate, e.g. for cell cultivation ex vivo, with biocompatible surface layer involved treatment with calcium salt melt
DE19945049A1 (en) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-22 Meyer Joerg Medicinal implant formed from alloy of tungsten, rhenium, osmium or molydenum having pH dependent corrosion rate, useful e.g. for controlled drug release
DE10157315C1 (en) * 2001-11-23 2003-08-14 Alcove Surfaces Gmbh Hip replacement joint comprises ball and socket, surface of ball being etched to roughen it by forming microstructure of grooves
GB0208642D0 (en) * 2002-04-16 2002-05-22 Accentus Plc Metal implants
DE10243132B4 (en) * 2002-09-17 2006-09-14 Biocer Entwicklungs Gmbh Anti-infective, biocompatible titanium oxide coatings for implants and methods of making them
GB0405680D0 (en) * 2004-03-13 2004-04-21 Accentus Plc Metal implants
US20060064910A1 (en) * 2004-09-25 2006-03-30 Shane Shankle Advertising methods
WO2007043149A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-19 Homs Engineering Inc. Implant for bone conjugation and method of producing the same
JP5268894B2 (en) * 2006-06-12 2013-08-21 アクセンタス ピーエルシー Metal implant
AU2008206819B2 (en) * 2007-01-15 2013-07-11 Accentus Medical Limited Metal implants
AU2008306596B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2013-04-04 Accentus Plc Method of manufacturing metal with biocidal properties
DE102011000474A1 (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-09 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Endoprosthesis used for correction of hip joint, has joint surface forming region which is arranged at base portion made from titanium or titanium alloy
WO2013052404A1 (en) * 2011-10-05 2013-04-11 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Multiple bearing humeral prosthesis
DE102012014160A1 (en) * 2012-07-18 2014-05-15 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Method for manufacturing endoprosthesis, particularly hip-, knee- or shoulder endoprosthesis, involves providing base body made from titanium or titanium alloy and joint surface forming area which is arranged at base body
CN113599580A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-11-05 西南交通大学 Anti-adhesion pancreatic fistula-preventing high-frequency electrotome operation electrode and preparation process thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2929766A (en) * 1958-06-13 1960-03-22 Melpar Inc Plating of iridium
US3547789A (en) * 1968-05-07 1970-12-15 Us Interior Electrodeposition of thick coatings of palladium
DE2313678A1 (en) * 1973-03-20 1974-10-03 Becker Heinrich Composite prosthesis esp. for hip joints - comprising metal core with porous coating

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH170872A (en) * 1932-06-04 1934-07-31 Ziegs Paul Metal body that can be used in particular for dental purposes.
DE1943801C3 (en) * 1968-07-10 1975-11-20 Institut Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Straumann Ag, Waldenburg (Schweiz) Implant made of titanium or a titanium-based alloy for surgical bone treatment
US3605123A (en) * 1969-04-29 1971-09-20 Melpar Inc Bone implant
FR2184159A5 (en) * 1972-05-09 1973-12-21 Teinturier Pierre Artificial hip joint - incorporating a ball and socket movement with anti-friction surfaces
US3826241A (en) * 1972-10-16 1974-07-30 Investors In Ventures Inc Implanting method
JPS5214095A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-02-02 Sumitomo Chemical Co Implant in bone

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2929766A (en) * 1958-06-13 1960-03-22 Melpar Inc Plating of iridium
US3547789A (en) * 1968-05-07 1970-12-15 Us Interior Electrodeposition of thick coatings of palladium
DE2313678A1 (en) * 1973-03-20 1974-10-03 Becker Heinrich Composite prosthesis esp. for hip joints - comprising metal core with porous coating

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EXBK/76 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002107A1 (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-10-16 H Anderl Material for prosthesis
WO1983003350A1 (en) * 1982-03-26 1983-10-13 BRÖMER, Heinz Auditory ossicles prosthesis and method for the fabrication thereof
NL1011779C2 (en) * 1999-04-13 2000-10-16 Elephant Dental Bv Biomedical device or implant.
WO2000061203A1 (en) * 1999-04-13 2000-10-19 Elephant Dental B.V. Biomedical aid or implant
US7087077B1 (en) 1999-04-13 2006-08-08 Elephant Dental Bv Biomedical aid or implant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7805838A (en) 1978-12-05
NO143049B (en) 1980-09-01
IE46913B1 (en) 1983-11-02
LU79754A1 (en) 1978-11-28
GB1602375A (en) 1981-11-11
CH640130A5 (en) 1983-12-30
JPS5439996A (en) 1979-03-28
NO781893L (en) 1978-12-05
DK241378A (en) 1978-12-03
NO143049C (en) 1980-12-10
DE2824063A1 (en) 1978-12-14
US4263681A (en) 1981-04-28
IS1126B6 (en) 1983-09-01
FR2392661B1 (en) 1985-04-26
IS2443A7 (en) 1978-12-03
IT7868231A0 (en) 1978-05-30
BE867719A (en) 1978-10-02
DE2824063C2 (en) 1987-08-06
FI781749A (en) 1978-12-03
JPS6143065B2 (en) 1986-09-25
IT1108503B (en) 1985-12-09
CA1115653A (en) 1982-01-05
SE7806424L (en) 1978-12-03
IE781086L (en) 1978-12-02

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