FI114820B - Method and apparatus for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
FI114820B
FI114820B FI990552A FI990552A FI114820B FI 114820 B FI114820 B FI 114820B FI 990552 A FI990552 A FI 990552A FI 990552 A FI990552 A FI 990552A FI 114820 B FI114820 B FI 114820B
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Finland
Prior art keywords
methane
container
condensed
decoction
nitrogen
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FI990552A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
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FI990552A (en
FI990552A0 (en
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Carl Joergen Rummelhoff
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Kvaerner Maritime As
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport

Description

114820114820

Menetelmä ja laite nesteytetyn maakaasun varastoimiseksi ja kuljettamiseksi Tämän keksinnön kohteena on menetelmä nesteytetyn maakaasun varastoimiseksi ja kuljettamiseksi, jota tämän jälkeen kutsutaan nimellä LNG ja 5 joka sisältää typpeä ja muita kaasuja, pääasiassa metaania, jota seuraavassa kutsutaan metaaniksi, säiliössä, jossa LNG kiehuu ja saatetaan kaasumaiseen tilaan, jota tämän jälkeen kutsutaan keittouutteeksi ja joka otetaan säiliöstä, tämän keittouutteen painetta lisätään ja paineeltaan lisätty keittouute jäähdytetään jäähdyttimessä, kondensoidaan ja palautetaan säiliöön.The present invention relates to a method for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas, hereinafter called LNG, and containing nitrogen and other gases, mainly methane, hereinafter called methane, in a tank where LNG is boiled and brought to a gaseous state. to a space, hereinafter referred to as the cooking extract, which is withdrawn from the container, the pressure of this cooking extract is increased and the pressurized boiling extract is cooled, condensed and returned to the container.

10 Keksinnön kohteena on myös laite tämän menetelmän toteuttami seksi.The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this method.

LNG:n (nesteytetyn maakaasun) varastointia ja siirtoa varten paineessa, joka suunnilleen vastaa ympäristöilmakehän painetta, osa tästä LNG:stä kiehuu pois ja tulee muutetuksi kaasuksi.For the storage and transport of LNG (liquefied natural gas) at a pressure approximately equal to the ambient atmospheric pressure, some of this LNG is boiled off and converted into a converted gas.

15 LNG:tä kuljettavissa laivoissa keittouutetta käytetään polttoaineena laivan kuljettamiseksi eteenpäin, koska taloudellisesti edullisempaa vaihtoehtoa ei vielä ole keksitty tällaista kuljetustapaa varten. Tämä johtaa kuitenkin sangen kalliiseen laivan kulkuun, koska kaasua käytetään höyryn tuottamiseen ja höyryturbiinien toimintaan, joiden tehokkuus on pienempi kuin esimer-20 kiksi dieselmoottoreilla laivan kulkua ajatellen.In ships carrying LNG, cooking extract is used as fuel to propel the ship, since a more economically advantageous alternative has not yet been invented for this mode of transport. However, this results in a very expensive vessel passage, since gas is used to produce steam and operate steam turbines, which are less efficient than, for example, 20 diesel engines for ship propulsion.

US-patenttijulkaisun 4 675 037 perusteella tunnetaan menetelmä, ·' . · joka sisältää johdantona olevat vaiheet ja jossa kaikki säiliöstä tuleva keitto- j uute kondensoidaan ja palautetaan säiliöön. Tämä menetelmä vaatii kuitenkin ! : hyvin paljon energiaa.U.S. Pat. No. 4,675,037 discloses a method, · '. · Including the introductory steps, whereby all of the soup extract from the container is condensed and returned to the container. However, this method requires! : very much energy.

: 25 Keksinnön kohteena on saada aikaan tyypiltään edellä mainittu me- . ' . netelmä ja laite nestemäisen maakaasun varastointi- ja kuljetuskustannusten vähentämiseksi.It is an object of the invention to provide the above-mentioned me-. '. a system and a device to reduce storage and transportation costs of LNG.

Keksinnön mukaisen menetelmän ja laitteen ominaispiirteet on esi-. tetty patenttivaatimuksissa.The features of the method and apparatus of the invention are pre-eminent. as claimed in the claims.

; ; 30 Keksintöä selostetaan seuraavassa yksityiskohtaisemmin oheiseen • ;·1 piirustukseen viitaten, jonka ainoa kuvio esittää putkikaaviota, joka näyttää kaavamaisesti LNG:n varastointia tai kuljetusta varten tarkoitetun järjestelmän :··· tai laitoksen suoritusmuodon keksinnön mukaisen laitteen avulla.; ; The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the only figure of which is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a system for storing or transporting LNG: ··· or an embodiment of a plant using a device according to the invention.

Kuten kuviossa on esitetty, järjestelmä käsittää LNG:tä 4 sisältävän // 35 säiliön, jonka pintaa on merkitty viitenumerolla 6. Tämän pinnan 6 yläpuolella ··' oleva säiliötila on yhteydessä putkijohdon 8 kautta ensimmäisen kompressori- 2 114820 laitteen 10, joka käsittää moottorin 14 käyttämän kompressorin 12, tulopään kanssa.As shown in the figure, the system comprises a // 35 tank containing LNG 4, the surface of which is designated by reference numeral 6. The tank space above this surface 6 is connected via pipeline 8 to a first compressor device 11 comprising engine 14. driven compressor 12 with inlet head.

Kompressorilaitteen 10 lähtöpää on yhteydessä putkijohdon 16 välityksellä ensimmäisen jäähdytyslaitteen eli lämmönvaihtimen 20 ensimmäisen 5 putkijohdon 18 tulopään 18 kanssa, tämän putkijohdon 18 lähtöpään ollessa yhteydessä neste/kaasuerottimen 22 tulopään kanssa.The outlet end of the compressor device 10 communicates via the conduit 16 with the inlet end 18 of the first conduit 18 of the first cooling device, i.e. the heat exchanger 20, the outlet end of this conduit 18 communicating with the inlet end of the liquid / gas separator 22.

Jäähdytin 20 sisältää toisen putkijohdon 24, jonka tulopäähän syötetään jäähdytettyä jäähdytysainetta sinänsä standardimallisesta jäähdytyslai-toksesta 26 putkijohdon 30 kautta, jonka lähtöpää palauttaa kuumennetun 10 jäähdytysaineen jäähdytyslaitokseen 26 putken 28 kautta.The condenser 20 includes a second conduit 24, at the inlet end of which is fed cooled refrigerant per se from a standard cooling plant 26 via conduit 30, the outlet end of which returns heated refrigerant 10 to condenser 26 via conduit 28.

Neste/kaasuerottimen 22 lähtöpää, josta erotettu neste voi virrata, on liitetty putkilinjan 32 kautta pumpun 34 tulopäähän. Erotettu kaasu voi virrata erottimesta 22 ympäröivään ilmakehään putkijohdon 36 kautta.The outlet end of the liquid / gas separator 22 from which the separated liquid can flow is connected via pipeline 32 to the inlet end of the pump 34. Separated gas can flow from separator 22 to the surrounding atmosphere via conduit 36.

Pumpun 34 lähtöpää on yhteydessä 15 - putkijohdon 37 välityksellä putkijohdon 16 kanssa sen johtopis- teessä 38, - putkijohdon 40 välityksellä LNG-pinnan alla olevan säiliötilan kanssa säiliössä 2 ja - putkilinjan 42 välityksellä LNG-pinnan päällä olevan tilan kanssa 20 säiliössä 2.The outlet end of the pump 34 communicates 15 - via pipeline 37 with pipeline 16 at its pipeline 38, - via pipeline 40 with a tank space beneath the LNG surface in tank 2, and - via pipeline 42 with a space 20 in tank 2.

Putkijohto 42 voi päättyä suutinlaitteeseen 44 säiliössä 2.The conduit 42 may terminate in the nozzle device 44 in the container 2.

Putkijohdot 40, 42 voivat olla varustettuja vastaavilla sulkuventtii-leiliä 46 ja 48.The conduits 40, 42 may be provided with corresponding shut-off valves 46 and 48.

: Johtopisteen 38 ja jäähdyttimen 20 ensimmäisen putkijohdon 18 5‘V 25 tulopään välissä voi putkijohtoon 16 olla liitettynä lämpötila-anturi 50, joka voi olla liitetty sähkökaapelin 52 välityksellä sähköisesti toimivaan sulkuventtiiliin ;;;* 54.A temperature sensor 50 may be connected between the conduit 38 and the inlet end 5'V 25 of the first conduit 18 of the radiator 20, which may be connected to an electric shut-off valve via electric cable 52 ;;; * 54.

’ Jäähdytyslaitos 26 on sinänsä tunnettua tyyppiä ja sisältää toisen ’.* * kompressorilaitteen 56, joka käsittää moottorin 60 käyttämän toisen kompres- 30 sorin 58. Tämän toisen kompressorin 56 myötävirtapuolelle on liitetty välijääh-dytin 62, jonka myötävirtapuolella on kolmas kompressori 64.The 'cooling plant 26 is of a type known per se and includes a second'. * * Compressor device 56 comprising a second compressor 58 driven by a motor 60. An intercooler 62 with a third compressor 64 is connected downstream of this second compressor 56.

Toisen kompressorin 58 tulopää on yhteydessä toisen jäähdyttimen , · ·., tai lämmönvaihtimen 68 kolmannen putkijohdon 66 lähtöpään kanssa putkilin- jän 70 välityksellä. Toisen kompressorilaitteen 58 lähtöpää on yhteydessä toi-35 sen lämmönvaihtimen 68 neljännen putkijohdon 72 tulopään kanssa putkilinjan • * * 73 välityksellä ja neljännen putkijohdon 72 lähtöpää on yhteydessä paisunta- 114820 3 turbiinin 74 tulopään kanssa, jonka lähtöpää on liitetty ensimmäisen lämmönvaihtimen 20 toisen putkijohdon 24 tulopäähän putkijohdon 30 välityksellä. Kolmatta kompressoria 64 käyttää paisuntaturbiini 74.The inlet end of the second compressor 58 communicates with the outlet end of the third conduit 66 of the second condenser, · ·., Or heat exchanger 68 via the conduit 70. The output end of the second compressor device 58 communicates with the inlet end of the fourth conduit 72 of the second heat exchanger 68 via the pipeline • * * 73 and the outlet end of the fourth conduit 72 communicates with the inlet end of the expansion 114820 3 turbine 74 via pipeline 30. The third compressor 64 is driven by an expansion turbine 74.

Laite toimii seuraavalla tavalla.The device works as follows.

5 Säiliössä 2 oleva keittouute virtaa putkijohdon 8 kautta ensimmäi seen kompressorilaitteeseen 10, jossa se puristetaan ja siten suuresti ylikuu-mennetaan. Tästä puristuslaitteesta 10 keittouute virtaa ensimmäisen lämmönvaihtimen 20 ensimmäisen putkijohdon 18 kautta ja se jäähdytetään lämpötilaan, joka on metaanin kondensaatiolämpötilan ja typen kondensaatioläm-10 pötilan välillä. Nesteen ja kaasun seos virtaa siten erottimeen 22, jossa nestemäinen metaani erotetaan typpikaasusta, joka virtaa ulos ilmakehään putki-johdon 36 välityksellä.The cooking extract in the tank 2 flows through the conduit 8 to the first compressor device 10 where it is compressed and thus greatly overheated. From this press apparatus 10, the cooking extract flows through the first conduit 18 of the first heat exchanger 20 and is cooled to a temperature between the condensation temperature of methane and the condensation temperature of nitrogen. The liquid-gas mixture thus flows to the separator 22, where the liquid methane is separated from the nitrogen gas which flows out into the atmosphere via a conduit 36.

Jos sulkuventtiili 46 on avoinna, nestemäisen metaanin ensimmäinen osa palautetaan putkijohdon 40 kautta säiliöön 2 LNG-pintatason alapuo-15 lelle. Sulkuventtiilin 48 ollessa avoinna nestemäisen metaanin toinen osa palautetaan putkijohdon 42 kautta säiliöön 2 ja ruiskutetaan keittouutteeseen, so. LNG-pinnan 6 päälle, suutinlaitteen 44 välityksellä jäähdyttäen siten keitto-uutteen sillä seurauksella, että sen osa voidaan kondensoida säiliössä tai ainakin keittouute vähenee.If the shut-off valve 46 is open, the first portion of liquid methane is returned through the conduit 40 to the container 2 below the LNG surface level 15. With the shut-off valve 48 open, the second portion of the liquid methane is returned through the conduit 42 to the container 2 and injected into the cooking extract, i. On top of the LNG surface 6, through the nozzle device 44, thereby cooling the cooking extract with the result that its portion can be condensed in the container or at least the cooking extract is reduced.

20 Kun LNG:tä kuljetetaan täysissä säiliöissä laivoissa, sulkuventtiili 48 on normaalisti suljettuna ja sulkuventtiili 46 avoinna. Kuitenkin sulkuventtiilien 46, 48 ja 54 mikä tahansa asentoyhdistelmä on mahdollinen.When LNG is transported in full tanks on ships, shut-off valve 48 is normally closed and shut-off valve 46 is open. However, any combination of shut-off valves 46, 48 and 54 is possible.

; Jos keittouutteen lämpötila putkessa 16 ensimmäisen puristuslait- ·’ teen 10 ja ensimmäisen lämmönvaihtimen 20 välillä ylittää tietyn kynnysarvon, 25 lähetetään signaali lämpötila-anturista 50 sulkuventtiiliin 54 sen avaamiseksi.; If the temperature of the cooking extract in the tube 16 between the first pressing device 10 and the first heat exchanger 20 exceeds a certain threshold, a signal is sent from the temperature sensor 50 to the shut-off valve 54 to open it.

Tämä voi tapahtua esimerkiksi jos säiliössä ei ole paljoa LNG:tä ja siten siellä on hyvin vähän keittouutetta. Tässä tapauksessa ensimmäisen kompressori-laitteen toiminta ei ole parasta mahdollista sillä seurauksella, että sen tehok-: kuus vähenee ja puristetun keittouutteen lämpötila on suhteellisen korkea.This can happen, for example, if there is not a lot of LNG in the tank and so there is very little cooking extract. In this case, the operation of the first compressor device is not best possible with the result that its efficiency is reduced and the temperature of the pressed cooking extract is relatively high.

30 Tässä tapauksessa nestemäisen metaanin kolmas osa syötetään putkijohtoon ;:· 16 johtopisteen 38 kautta antaen siten ensimmäiseen lämmönvaihtimeen 20 *: viilaavan keittouutteen lämpötilan vähentyä siihen määrään asti, että tämä lämmönvaihdin voi siten kyetä saamaan aikaan keittouutteen jäljellä olevan jäähdytyksen sitä varten vaadittuun lämpötilaan.30 In this case, the third portion of the liquid methane is fed to the pipeline; · 16 through 38, thus allowing the first heat exchanger 20 * to reduce the temperature of the filing extract so that this heat exchanger may be able to provide the remaining cooling of the extract.

35 Metaanin kolmatta osaa palautettaessa ensimmäiseen lämmön vaihtimeen 20 syötetyn keittouutteen lämpötilan vähenemiseen liittyvä tulos 4 114820 voidaan myös saavuttaa siinä määrin, että lämmönvaihtimen komponentit voidaan tehdä halvalla alumiinista normaalilla tavalla.35 When returning the third portion of methane, the result of the reduction in temperature of the cooking extract supplied to the first heat exchanger 20 can also be achieved to the extent that the components of the heat exchanger can be made of cheap aluminum in the normal manner.

Keittouutteen täydellisen kondensaation yhteydessä voidaan saavuttaa noin 20 %:n suuruinen energian talteenottotehokkuus. Keittouutteen tul-5 lessa vain osittain kondensoiduksi, so. vain metaanin kondensoituessa ja typen vapautuessa kaasumaisessa tilassa ilmakehään tai ilmaan keksinnön mukaisella tavalla, tällainen noin 38 %:n suuruinen tehokkuus voidaan saavuttaa.With the complete condensation of the cooking extract, an energy recovery efficiency of about 20% can be achieved. When the cooking extract becomes only partially condensed, i. only when methane condenses and the nitrogen is released in a gaseous state into the atmosphere or air according to the invention, such an efficiency of about 38% can be achieved.

Alaan perehtynyt henkilö ymmärtää, että jos ensimmäinen lämmön-vaihdin ja erotin on sovitettu ylemmälle tasolle kuin säiliö, nesteytetty metaani 10 pääsee virtaamaan takaisin säiliöön painovoiman vaikutuksesta. Toisaalta tarvitaan pumppu nesteytetyn metaanin palauttamiseksi paluupisteeseen, joka sijaitsee ensimmäisen jäähdyttimen 20 tulopään edessä.One skilled in the art will recognize that if the first heat exchanger and separator are arranged at a higher level than the tank, the liquefied methane 10 may flow back into the tank by gravity. On the other hand, a pump is needed to return the liquefied methane to a return point located in front of the inlet end of the first condenser 20.

Alaan perehtynyt henkilö ymmärtää, että kompressorilaitteet keksinnön mukaisessa laitteessa voivat sisältää enemmän kompressoreja, jotka on 15 liitetty keskenään sarjaan ja joiden väliin voidaan asettaa välijäähdyttimet. On myös selvää, että keksinnön mukainen laite voi sisältää muita sinänsä tunnettuja standardimallisten putkijärjestelyjen mukaisia komponentteja, kuten sulkuventtiilejä, kuristusventtiilejä jne., jotka voidaan liittää edellä mainittujen laitekomponenttien väliin laitteen saamiseksi toimimaan edellä mainitulla ta-20 valla.One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the compressor devices in the device of the invention may include more compressors that are interconnected in series and that intercoolers may be inserted between them. It is also to be understood that the device of the invention may include other components according to standard tube designs known per se, such as shut-off valves, throttle valves, etc., which may be coupled between the above device components to make the device operate in the above manner.

Claims (8)

1. Förfarande för lagring och transport av flytande naturgas, härefter kallad LNG, innehallande kväve och andra gaser, huvudsakligen metan, häref- 5 ter kallat metan, i en behallare, i vilken LNG kokar och bringas i ett gasformigt tillständ, härefter kallat dekokt och som tas ur behällaren, denna dekokts tryck ökas och dekokten med det ökade trycket kyls i en kylare, kondenseras och returneras till behällaren, kännetecknat avatt 10. dekokten kyls till en temperatur som är mellan kondensationstem- peraturen för komprimerat metan och kväve, - kondenserat metan separeras frän icke-kondenserat gasformigt kväve, - kondenserat metan returneras till behällaren (2) och 15. kväve som inte kondenserats frigörs till atmosfären.A process for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas, hereinafter called LNG, containing nitrogen and other gases, mainly methane, hereinafter called methane, in a container in which LNG boils and is brought into a gaseous state, hereinafter referred to as taken out of the container, the pressure of this decoction is increased and the decoction with the increased pressure is cooled in a cooler, condensed and returned to the container, characterized by decreased 10. the decoction is cooled to a temperature which is between the condensation temperature of compressed methane and nitrogen, - condensed methane. is separated from non-condensed gaseous nitrogen, - condensed methane is returned to the container (2) and 15. nitrogen which is not condensed is released into the atmosphere. 2. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, k ä n n e t e c k n a t av att en del av det kondenserade metanet överförs till dekokten, vars tryck ökats men som inte ännu kylts i kylaren (20).2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the condensed methane is transferred to the decoction, the pressure of which is increased but not yet cooled in the cooler (20). 3. Anordning för utförande av förfarandet enligt patentkrav 1, varvid 20 detta förfarande är avsett för lagring och transport av flytande naturgas, härefter kallad LNG, innehällande kväve och andra gaser, huvudsakligen metan, härefter kallat metan, i en behällare, i vilken LNG kokar och bringas i ett gas- ; ‘ j formigt tillständ, härefter kallat dekokt och som tas frän behällaren, vilken an- > : . ordning omfattar en första kompressoranordning (10) för komprimering av de- • ' 25 kokten frän behällaren (2), och en kondensationsanordning med en kylare ‘ (20), vars inlopp är kopplat tili ett utlopp av den första kompressoranordningen (10), och som är anordnad för kylning av den komprimerade dekokten, ’; ‘’ k ä n n e t e c k n a d av att kylaren (20) är anordnad att kylä den komprimerade dekokten tili en 30 temperatur mellan kondensationstemperaturen för komprimerat metan och ,.! * ’ kväve, och att anordningen innefattar - en separator som är anordnad att separera gasformigt kväve frän , · ·. kondenserat metan, - ett första rörarrangemang (40, 42, 44, 46, 48) för att returnera 35 kondenserat metan tili behällaren (2) och ; ' ** - ett andra rörarrangemang (36) för att frigöra icke-kondenserat kvä- » · 8 114820 ve till atmosfären.Apparatus for carrying out the process according to claim 1, wherein this process is intended for storage and transport of liquid natural gas, hereinafter called LNG, containing nitrogen and other gases, mainly methane, hereinafter called methane, in a container in which LNG boils. and brought into a gas; Formal condition, hereinafter referred to as decoction, and taken from the container, which uses. arrangement comprises a first compressor device (10) for compressing the boiler from the container (2), and a condensing device with a cooler '(20), the inlet of which is connected to an outlet of the first compressor device (10), and provided for cooling the compressed decoction; It is known that the cooler (20) is arranged to cool the compressed decoction to a temperature between the condensation temperature of compressed methane and. Nitrogen, and the device comprises - a separator arranged to separate gaseous nitrogen from. condensed methane, - a first tube arrangement (40, 42, 44, 46, 48) for returning condensed methane to the container (2) and; - a second pipe arrangement (36) for releasing non-condensed nitrogen into the atmosphere. 4. Anordning enligt patentkrav 3, kännetecknad avatt den omfattar en pump (34) för att pumpa kondenserat metan frän separatorn (22) till det första rörarrangemanget.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a pump (34) for pumping condensed methane from the separator (22) to the first pipe arrangement. 5. Anordning enligt patentkrav 3, kännetecknad av att den omfattar en pump (34) för att pumpa kondenserat metan frän separatorn (22) till ett tredje rörarrangemang (37, 54) för att överföra kondenserat metan frän en införingspunkt (38) pa uppströmssidan av kylarens (20) inlopp.Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a pump (34) for pumping condensed methane from the separator (22) to a third pipe arrangement (37, 54) for transferring condensed methane from an insertion point (38) on the upstream side of the the inlet of the radiator (20). 6. Anordning enligt patentkrav 5, kännetecknad av att det 10 tredje rörarrangemanget omfattar en temperaturavkännare (50), som är anord- nad mellan införingspunkten (38) och kylaren (20), en rörledning (37) som för-enar pumpen med införingspunkten, och en första stoppventil (54) som är an-ordnad i rörledningen (37) och som temperaturavkännaren (50) övervakar.Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the third pipe arrangement comprises a temperature sensor (50) arranged between the insertion point (38) and the cooler (20), a pipe (37) which joins the pump with the insertion point. and a first stop valve (54) arranged in the conduit (37) and monitored by the temperature sensor (50). 7. Anordning enligt nägot av patentkraven 3-6, kännetecknad 15 av att det första rörarrangemanget omfattar en första rörledning (42), som slu- tar i en i behällaren befintlig dysanordning (44) som är anordnad i behällarens övre del (2).Device according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that the first pipe arrangement comprises a first pipe (42) which closes in a nozzle device (44) which is present in the container (2) arranged in the upper part (2) of the container. 8. Anordning enligt nägot av patentkraven 3-7, kännetecknad av att det första rörarrangemanget omfattar en andra rörledning (40), som slu- 20 tar i behällaren (2) vid dess botten. » > I '1 » I IDevice according to any of claims 3-7, characterized in that the first pipe arrangement comprises a second pipe (40) which closes in the container (2) at its bottom. »> I '1» I I
FI990552A 1997-03-21 1999-03-12 Method and apparatus for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas FI114820B (en)

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NO971364 1997-03-21
NO971364A NO305525B1 (en) 1997-03-21 1997-03-21 Method and apparatus for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas
NO9800088 1998-03-19
PCT/NO1998/000088 WO1998043029A1 (en) 1997-03-21 1998-03-19 Method and device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas

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KR100356764B1 (en) 2002-10-18
JP2000503108A (en) 2000-03-14
FI990552A0 (en) 1999-03-12
KR19990046828A (en) 1999-07-05
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AU6752298A (en) 1998-10-20
AU715939B2 (en) 2000-02-10

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