ES2677446A1 - APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN VACUUM, WITHOUT USE OF EXTERNAL PUMPS, OR DRYING PRODUCTS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN VACUUM, WITHOUT USE OF EXTERNAL PUMPS, OR DRYING PRODUCTS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2677446A1 ES2677446A1 ES201700096A ES201700096A ES2677446A1 ES 2677446 A1 ES2677446 A1 ES 2677446A1 ES 201700096 A ES201700096 A ES 201700096A ES 201700096 A ES201700096 A ES 201700096A ES 2677446 A1 ES2677446 A1 ES 2677446A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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APARATO Y METODO DE DESHIDRATACION Y DESTILACION DOMESTICA EN VACIO, SIN USODE BOMBAS EXTERNAS, Nl PRODUCTOS SECANTES.APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN EMPTY, WITHOUT USING EXTERNAL PUMPS, Nl DRYING PRODUCTS.
Haciendo el vacio mediante la ampliation de la/s camara/s de vacio, usando para ello tornillos de potencia u otros medios de fuerza, por ejemplo hidraulicos, palancas etc.Making the vacuum by expanding the vacuum chamber (s), using power screws or other means of force, for example hydraulic, levers, etc.
SECTOR DE LA TECNICATECHNICAL SECTOR
F26B secado general 5/04 por evaporacion o sublimacion de la humedad bajo presion reducida F15 1/06 actuando sobre la capa limite.F26B general drying 5/04 by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure F15 1/06 acting on the boundary layer.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Desde tiempos ancestrales los seres humanos han aprovechado las variaciones de presion y temperatura, en el secado de productos para su conservation, el chuno de los incas, los jamones en la sierra, o el pescado secado en corrientes de aire frio de los esquimales, son buenos ejemplos de ello. En 1869 la patente US 90545 describe un aparato que se sirve de las ventajas del vacio para acelerar e! proceso de secado de la malta, en 1898 la pat. US 626579 detalla otro sistema de secado de tabaco en barriles, haciendo en estos un vacio parcial, en 1900 el artilugio pormenorizado en el documento US 698534 secador al vacio de productos previamente congelados, probablemente sublimase en algunos momentos del proceso, dependiendo del nivel de vacio aplicado (liofilizando). Hasta la decada de los sesenta donde queda fijado que la liofilizacion es el secado por sublimacion, son numerosas las patentes de secadores que se aproximan, US1415623 en 1922 dos camaras frio calor, US1756992 de 1930 un secador de pasta, US888257 aparato para secar al vacio, US2411152 metodo para la congelacion y secado de liquidos y semisolidos, US2765236 de 1956 secador sin congelar antes, US2858795A en 1934 aparato secador por evaporacion o sublimacion en vacio, US2994132 de 1957 aparato secador congelado, US3270433 de 1963 liofilizador, US3262212 de 1963 aparato y proceso para el secado por congelacion, US 3352024 en 1967 proceso de liofilizacion, US 4033048 en 1977 liofilizador con microondas y aspersion. W02015101681 de 2015 un liofilizador para laboratorio.Since ancient times, humans have taken advantage of variations in pressure and temperature, in the drying of products for conservation, the chuno of the Incas, hams in the mountains, or fish dried in cold air currents of the Eskimos, are Good examples of that. In 1869 US 90545 describes an apparatus that uses the advantages of vacuum to accelerate e! malt drying process, in 1898 the pat. US 626579 details another system of drying tobacco in barrels, making in these a partial vacuum, in 1900 the gadget detailed in document US 698534 vacuum dryer of previously frozen products, probably sublimated at some moments of the process, depending on the level of vacuum applied (lyophilizing). Until the decade of the sixties where it is fixed that lyophilization is sublimation drying, there are numerous patents of dryers that are approaching, US1415623 in 1922 two chambers cold heat, US1756992 of 1930 a paste dryer, US888257 vacuum drying apparatus , US2411152 method for freezing and drying liquids and semi-solids, US2765236 of 1956 dryer without freezing before, US2858795A in 1934 vacuum drying or sublimation drying apparatus, US2994132 of 1957 frozen drying apparatus, US3270433 of 1963 lyophilizer, US3262212 of 1963 freeze-drying process, US 3352024 in 1967 freeze-drying process, US 4033048 in 1977 freeze-dryer with microwave and spray. W02015101681 of 2015 a laboratory freeze dryer.
Por otra parte en 1911 la patente US1123113 expone un aparato recuperador (aplicando vacio) del alcohol usado como disolvente de la goma laca que se usa en el proceso de fabrication de sombreros, numerosas patentes del mundo del refinado petrolifero, aprovechan el vacio, sirva como ejemplo la patente WO2014154923 A1. Todas estas maquinas funcionan con presiones por debajo de la atmosferica. ParaOn the other hand in 1911 the US1123113 patent exposes a recovery apparatus (applying vacuum) of the alcohol used as a solvent for shellac that is used in the process of manufacturing hats, numerous patents in the world of oil refining, take advantage of the vacuum, serve as example WO2014154923 A1. All these machines work with pressures below atmospheric. For
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generar e! vacio son multiples las formas de hacerlo, dependiendo del uso al que va destinado dicho vacio, ventosas de palanca, o de tornillo como la US2609611, del ano1950. US522848 en 1894 un generador de vacio, bombas de vacio de diferentes tipos (de piston, de membrana, rotativas de paleta, de canal lateral, termobombas, turbomoleculares, etc) US1093313 de piston 1912. Jeringuillas US5788463 de 1998, pistolas generadoras de vacio por palanca US501138 del 1971, US5478216 del 1995, US4565506 de 1986, US2049872 A de 1934, generadores de vacio para tarros US 2669176 DE 1951, US1635815 de 1927, US22406771 de 1946, etc.generate e! There are multiple ways to do it, depending on the use to which this vacuum is intended, lever suction cups, or screw cups like US2609611, from the year 1950. US522848 in 1894 a vacuum generator, vacuum pumps of different types (piston, diaphragm, vane rotary, side channel, thermopumps, turbomolecular, etc.) US1093313 piston 1912. Syringes US5788463 of 1998, vacuum generating guns by lever US501138 of 1971, US5478216 of 1995, US4565506 of 1986, US2049872 A of 1934, vacuum generators for jars US 2669176 DE 1951, US1635815 of 1927, US22406771 of 1946, etc.
Cocina al vacio, secador de azucares US956508 en 1909, US2753158A en 1953 coccion en vacio como US20140305947A, US5767487 maquina de cocinar a presion subatmosferica, este vacio tambien puede ser usado como aislante US1009549 en 1911 homo cocina electrica, que consiste en un homo cuyas paredes tienen una camara a la que se le ha hecho e! vacio , igual que US5643485, US20090133688, en los anos 70 aparece la cocina “sous vide", consistente en cocinar los alimentos a baja temperatura, por periodos de tiempo largos y a presion reducida, consiguiendo un punto mas exacto de coccion y conservando mejor las propiedades de los alimentos, que al aplicar altas temperaturas US20080066624A1, US7012229A1,Vacuum cooker, US956508 sugar dryer in 1909, US2753158A in 1953 vacuum cooking such as US20140305947A, US5767487 subatmospheric pressure cooking machine, this vacuum can also be used as an insulator US1009549 in 1911 homo electric cooker, consisting of a homo whose walls They have a camera that has been made e! empty, like US5643485, US20090133688, in the 70s the “sous vide” kitchen appears, consisting of cooking food at low temperature, for long periods of time and at reduced pressure, achieving a more exact cooking point and preserving the properties better of food, which when applying high temperatures US20080066624A1, US7012229A1,
WO2015056284A1, para este tipo de cocina son necesarias bolsas de plastico como US3912823 del 73, o de aluminio como DE2516048A1, con sus maquinas selladoras al vacio con la desventaja de plastificar los alimentos, con el consiguiente riesgo de contaminacion por productos quimicos de la fabricacion de las bolsas, en el intercambio de temperatura, entre el interior de la bolsa y el agua caliente, el modelo de utilidad W02005094641A1, soluciona este problema haciendo el vacio al recipiente, como los liofilizadores, mediante el uso de una bomba de vacio externa.WO2015056284A1, plastic bags such as US3912823 of 73, or aluminum such as DE2516048A1 are necessary for this type of kitchen, with their vacuum sealing machines with the disadvantage of plasticizing food, with the consequent risk of contamination by chemical products of the manufacture of The bags, in the exchange of temperature, between the inside of the bag and the hot water, the utility model W02005094641A1, solves this problem by emptying the container, such as freeze-dryers, by using an external vacuum pump.
EXPLICACION DE LA INVENCIONEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
El objetivo de la presente invencion es crear un aparato que acerque la liofilizacion y la destilacion, a un mayor numero de localizaciones, reduciendo, tanto el coste de los artilugios, como la energia que consumen en los procesos que realizan, usando los aparatos disponibles para otros usos, recuperando la energia que desperdician.The objective of the present invention is to create an apparatus that brings lyophilization and distillation closer to a greater number of locations, reducing both the cost of the gadgets and the energy they consume in the processes they perform, using the devices available for other uses, recovering the energy they waste.
Uno de los apartados que mas encarecen estos aparatos son las bombas de vacio (son caras, hay que saber usarlas, tienen un mantenimiento y consumen energia), la presente invencion elimina este coste, creando el vacio por la ampliation de la/s camara/s, mediante el uso de tornillos de potencia (1), medios hidraulicos u otrosOne of the sections that most expensive these devices are the vacuum pumps (they are expensive, you have to know how to use them, they have a maintenance and consume energy), the present invention eliminates this cost, creating the vacuum by the extension of the camera / s s, through the use of power screws (1), hydraulic means or others
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medios de fuerza, disenados para veneer !a presion atmosferica (1kg/cm2 ), mas la fuerza necesaria para mantener la hermeticidad de las partes moviles de la misma, pudiendo este mismo mecanismo ser usado tambien como bomba de presion dandole al aparato nuevos usos, como por ejemplo la regulation de la presion entre 0 y varios bares, en los procesos de congelation, para variar, tanto la forma, como el tamano de los cristales.force means, designed to venerate at atmospheric pressure (1kg / cm2), plus the force necessary to maintain the tightness of the moving parts thereof, this same mechanism can also be used as a pressure pump giving the device new uses, as for example the regulation of the pressure between 0 and several bars, in the processes of congelation, to vary, both the shape, and the size of the crystals.
Otro consumo de estos aparatos, es la aplicacion de calor, pudiendo este ser economizado, usando el calor desprendido por las lamparas de iluminacion, disenando nuestro aparato como un portalamparas de incandescentes o alogenas, incluso led Otra necesidad del aparato descrito, es el frio, tanto para la zona que actua como condensador, como en los procesos de congelacion del material a sublimar (secar), para ello esta invention puede ser acoplada a las puertas de los refrigeradores ya existentes en nuestras casas, usando circuitos refrigerantes o integrandolo en las puertas de los refrigeradores de nueva construccion, pudiendo ademas, ser usados independientemente de los mismos, en otra ubicacion, por medio de un deposito envolvente de las zonas que deban ser refrigeradas, que contenga liquido refrigerado o gas refrigerante,Another consumption of these devices is the application of heat, and this can be saved, using the heat given off by the lighting lamps, designing our device as an incandescent or allogenous lamp holder, even LED Another need for the described device, is cold, both for the area that acts as a condenser, as in the freezing processes of the material to be sublimed (dried), for this purpose this invention can be coupled to the doors of the refrigerators already existing in our homes, using refrigerant circuits or integrating it into the doors of the new-built refrigerators, and may also be used independently of them, in another location, by means of an enveloping tank of the areas to be refrigerated, containing refrigerated liquid or refrigerant gas,
El funcionamiento del aparato, una vez en uso, es simple, tenemos una zona fria, a la que le hemos hecho el vacio y a la vez creamos un espacio en el que hay un deposito de retention de liquidos, aislado termicamente, para retener y mantener frio el producto de la condensation, con el proposito de que este, no vuelva a evaporarse.The operation of the device, once in use, is simple, we have a cold area, to which we have made the vacuum and at the same time we create a space in which there is a liquid retention tank, thermally insulated, to retain and maintain cold the product of condensation, with the purpose that it does not evaporate again.
Por otra parte tenemos una zona donde se encuentra el producto a deshidratar comunicada con la anterior (por lo tanto tambien al vacio) donde aplicaremos el calor excedente de la iluminacion u otros medios de aumento de la temperatura, incluso energia solar por medio de reflectores o directamente, creando un vapor que ocupara todo el espacio libre, incluyendo el de la zona de condensacion y que al contacto con las paredes frias de esta licua (condensa), depositandose en el recipiente dispuesto para tal efecto, pudiendo este, estar en el exterior del dispositivo tambien.On the other hand we have an area where the product to be dehydrated is communicated with the previous one (therefore also in a vacuum) where we will apply the excess heat of the lighting or other means of temperature increase, including solar energy by means of reflectors or directly, creating a vapor that will occupy all the free space, including that of the condensation zone and that on contact with the cold walls of this liqueur (condensate), depositing in the container arranged for this purpose, this being able to be outside of the device too.
Para acelerar este proceso, teniendo en cuenta que la cantidad de vapor de un gramo de agua es de aprox.1700cc (un litro = 1700 litres de vapor) podemos colocar en la zona de condensacion un ventilador, para mover y mejorar el contacto del vapor, con las superficies del condensador.To accelerate this process, taking into account that the amount of steam in a gram of water is approx. 1700cc (one liter = 1700 liters of steam) we can place a fan in the condensation zone, to move and improve the steam contact , with the condenser surfaces.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para una mejor comprension de la construccion y el funcionamiento de la presenteFor a better understanding of the construction and operation of this
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invention se adjuntan una serie de dibujos ilustrativos, no limitativos, basados en secciones verticales del dispositivo en diferentes momentos, del proceso que realiza: Figura 1,- Muestra un code vertical del dispositivo cerrado, cargado con el producto a tratar, antes de la expansion que producira el vacio y donde, se numeran las partes . Figura 2.- Muestra un corte vertical del dispositivo una vez expandido, donde se aprecia e! recorrido de las corrientes de vapor.The invention includes a series of illustrative, non-limiting drawings, based on vertical sections of the device at different times, of the process performed: Figure 1, - Shows a vertical code of the closed device, loaded with the product to be treated, before expansion which will produce the vacuum and where, the parts are numbered. Figure 2.- Shows a vertical cut of the device once expanded, where e! Vapor stream travel.
REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIONPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Partiendo de un recipiente de forma creciente (1), preferiblemente de un material transparente y resistente a los cambios de presion y temperatura, por ejemplo duran, pirex, o similar al que le acoplaremos una fuente de calor preferiblemente emisora de luz, leds con disipador (2), disipador que puede ser parte de las bandejas o bandeja helicoidal del interior y que sirven para contener el producto a deshidratar (6) o estar en contacto con el exterior de dicho recipiente, que a su vez se encuentra en el interior de un espacio hermetico delimitado por un material tambien transparente (3) y provisto de una valvula de vacio (4), para realizar un vacio parcial (5) que sirva como aislante de la temperatura exterior, unido al recipiente principal por una pieza(7), o siendo parte de ella. en la cual se aloja una junta (8) de material elastico para conseguir mantener hermeticas las dos partes del dispositivo, mediante los medios de sujecion que dispongamos, en las figuras se representa un cierre roscado (9), a su vez tambien dispondremos los mecanismos de separation de las bandejas(10) que pueden ser mediante muelles, extensiones con tubos como se muestra en las figuras u otros, Alojado en el interior, encima de las bandejas dispondremos un deposito de retention de liquidos producto de la deshidratacion (11) con un vacio aislante en su interior (12) calculado para el uso al que lo destinemos y que tambien puede estar adosado en el exterior provisto de medios de vacio propios.Starting from a container of increasing form (1), preferably of a transparent material and resistant to changes in pressure and temperature, for example dura, pyrex, or similar to which we will attach a source of heat preferably emitting light, LEDs with heatsink (2), a heatsink that can be part of the trays or helical tray inside and that serve to contain the product to be dehydrated (6) or be in contact with the outside of said container, which in turn is inside a hermetic space delimited by a material also transparent (3) and provided with a vacuum valve (4), to realize a partial vacuum (5) that serves as an insulator of the external temperature, connected to the main container by a piece (7) , or being part of it. in which a gasket (8) of elastic material is housed to keep the two parts of the device tight, by means of the fastening means that we have, in the figures a threaded closure (9) is represented, in turn we will also arrange the mechanisms of separation of the trays (10) that can be by means of springs, extensions with tubes as shown in the figures or others, housed inside, above the trays we will have a liquid retention tank product of dehydration (11) with an insulating vacuum inside (12) calculated for the use to which we are destined and which can also be attached outside provided with its own vacuum means.
Por otra parte un cuerpo principal provisto de los medios de sujecion (9) para unirse al recipiente anteriormente descrito, pudiendo tener una segunda junta elastica (15) y envuelto en un contenedor (16) para retener liquido refrigerante (17), anclado al cual se encuentra un elemento de sujecion (18) de la tuerca ACME (19) accionada por la Nave carraca (20) que mueven el tornillo de potencia (21) sujeto al conjunto que hace de pared movil (14) en el que se alojan diversos dispositivos, juntas elasticas que actuan como segmentos (22) y que disponen de un (23) sistema de ajuste de presion, un serpentin de refrigeration (24) un ventilador (25) movido por un motor integrado (26) ademas de una valvula multiusos, entrada salida, aire-liquido (27)On the other hand, a main body provided with the fastening means (9) for joining the previously described container, having a second elastic seal (15) and wrapped in a container (16) to retain coolant (17), anchored to which there is a fastening element (18) of the ACME nut (19) operated by the Ratchet Ship (20) that move the power screw (21) attached to the assembly that acts as a movable wall (14) in which various devices, elastic seals acting as segments (22) and having a (23) pressure adjustment system, a cooling coil (24) a fan (25) moved by an integrated motor (26) in addition to a multi-purpose valve , outlet, air-liquid outlet (27)
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ES201700096A ES2677446B1 (en) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN VACUUM, WITHOUT THE USE OF EXTERNAL PUMPS, OR DRYING PRODUCTS |
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ES201700096A ES2677446B1 (en) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN VACUUM, WITHOUT THE USE OF EXTERNAL PUMPS, OR DRYING PRODUCTS |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1171929A (en) * | 1966-12-20 | 1969-11-26 | Hills Bros Coffee | Improvements in or relating to Freeze-Drying methods and apparatus |
US4912359A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-03-27 | Labconco Corporation | Stoppering tray vacuum freeze dryer |
WO2006013360A1 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-09 | Micropharm Limited | Freeze-drying apparatus |
US20100101106A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Lyophilizing tray employing reagent cartridge, lyophilizing system employing the same, and method of preparing lyophilized reagent |
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2017
- 2017-02-01 ES ES201700096A patent/ES2677446B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1171929A (en) * | 1966-12-20 | 1969-11-26 | Hills Bros Coffee | Improvements in or relating to Freeze-Drying methods and apparatus |
US4912359A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-03-27 | Labconco Corporation | Stoppering tray vacuum freeze dryer |
WO2006013360A1 (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-09 | Micropharm Limited | Freeze-drying apparatus |
US20100101106A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Lyophilizing tray employing reagent cartridge, lyophilizing system employing the same, and method of preparing lyophilized reagent |
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