ES2372194A1 - Method for producing lightweight reinforced concrete slabs having an exposed finish on the lower face thereof - Google Patents
Method for producing lightweight reinforced concrete slabs having an exposed finish on the lower face thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2372194A1 ES2372194A1 ES201000538A ES201000538A ES2372194A1 ES 2372194 A1 ES2372194 A1 ES 2372194A1 ES 201000538 A ES201000538 A ES 201000538A ES 201000538 A ES201000538 A ES 201000538A ES 2372194 A1 ES2372194 A1 ES 2372194A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mesh
- reinforced concrete
- lower face
- finish
- procedure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Procedimiento para la ejecución de forjados de hormigón armado aligerados, con acabado visto en su cara inferior.Procedure for the execution of floor slabs reinforced concrete lightened, with finish seen on its face lower.
La invención, tal como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un procedimiento para la ejecución in situ de forjados aligerados, con acabado visto en su cara inferior, aportando varias ventajas, que se describirán en detalle más adelante, que suponen una destacable mejora en el estado actual de la técnica.The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to a procedure for the in situ execution of lightened slabs, with a finish seen on its lower face, providing several advantages, which will be described in detail below, which entail a remarkable improvement in the current state of the art.
Más en particular, el objeto de la invención se centra en un mejorado procedimiento para ejecutar "in situ" una losa de hormigón armado con elementos aligerantes, de modo que permita el acabado visto en su cara inferior, evitando un elevado peso así como las excesivas cuantías de acero de este tipo de elementos estructurales.More in particular, the object of the invention focuses on an improved method for executing " in situ " a reinforced concrete slab with lightening elements, so as to allow the finish seen on its lower face, avoiding a heavy weight as well as excessive amounts of steel of this type of structural elements.
El campo de aplicación de la presente invención se enmarca dentro del sector técnico de la construcción, particularmente centrado en el ámbito de la ejecución de forjados de hormigón con acabado visto en su cara inferior.The field of application of the present invention It is part of the technical construction sector, particularly focused on the field of floor slabs Finished concrete seen on its underside.
Como es sabido, existe la tendencia en las estructuras de hormigón armado, ya sea por el ahorro económico de proyectar una capa de yeso y/o simplemente por cuestión estética, de diseñar forjados dejando visto el hormigón por su cara inferior.As is known, there is a tendency in reinforced concrete structures, either for the economic savings of project a plaster layer and / or simply for aesthetic reasons, of design slabs leaving concrete seen from its underside.
Esta tendencia obliga a realizar el forjado de manera que se pueda hormigonar completamente dicha cara inferior, es decir con un cierto grosor, al menos de unos cinco centímetros, para conseguir un acabado visto del hormigón en el que no se vea la existencia de elementos aligerantes que hayan sido apoyados sobre el encofrado y, además, que suponga una protección suficiente contra incendios, ya que dichos elementos aligerantes suelen estar realizados con materiales fácilmente inflamables.This trend forces the forging of so that the lower face can be concreted completely, it is say with a certain thickness, at least about five centimeters, to get a finished finish of the concrete in which the existence of lightening elements that have been supported by the formwork and, in addition, to provide sufficient protection against fires, since these lightening elements are usually made with easily flammable materials.
Para ello, las soluciones actualmente conocidas en el estado actual de la técnica son, o la realización in situ del forjado mediante losas macizas de hormigón armado, es decir, sin aligeramiento, o, si se desea conseguir un menor peso, emplear elementos prefabricados, como prelosas o placas alveolares, que permitan la incorporación de elementos aligerantes.For this, the solutions currently known in the current state of the art are, or the realization in situ of the slab by means of solid reinforced concrete slabs, that is, without lightening, or, if it is desired to achieve a lower weight, use prefabricated elements, as pre-slabs or alveolar plates, which allow the incorporation of lightening elements.
El objeto de la presente invención es, pues, presentar un procedimiento alternativo a los elementos prefabricados, que presentan el inconveniente de ser caros, y a las losas macizas de hormigón armado, ya que éstas, además de ser también caras, implican un mayor peso en la estructura.The object of the present invention is therefore present an alternative procedure to the elements prefabricated, which have the disadvantage of being expensive, and at solid reinforced concrete slabs, since these, in addition to being also expensive, imply a greater weight in the structure.
El procedimiento propuesto, pues, es un procedimiento que evita dichos inconvenientes y permite ejecutar in situ una losa de hormigón armado con el acabado visto en su cara inferior e incorporando elementos aligerantes, debiendo señalarse que, por parte del solicitante, se desconoce al existencia de ningún otro procedimiento o invención similar que presente semejantes características técnicas, estructurales y constitutivas.The proposed procedure, therefore, is a procedure that avoids these inconveniences and allows to execute in situ a slab of reinforced concrete with the finish seen on its underside and incorporating lightening elements, it should be noted that, on the part of the applicant, the existence of No other similar procedure or invention has similar technical, structural and constitutive characteristics.
Así, el procedimiento para la ejecución in situ de forjados aligerados, con acabado visto en su cara inferior, que la presente invención propone se configura como una destacable novedad dentro de su campo de aplicación, ya que, a tenor de su implementación y de forma taxativa, se alcanzan satisfactoriamente los objetivos anteriormente señalados como idóneos, estando sus detalles caracterizadores desarrollados a continuación y recogidos en las reivindicaciones finales que acompañan a la presente memoria descriptiva.Thus, the procedure for the on-site execution of lightened floor slabs, with a finish seen on its underside, which the present invention proposes is configured as a remarkable novelty within its field of application, since, in accordance with its implementation and shape However, the objectives previously indicated as suitable are satisfactorily achieved, their characterizing details being developed below and included in the final claims that accompany the present specification.
De manera concreta lo que la invención preconiza es un procedimiento para la ejecución in situ de forjados aligerados, con acabado visto en su cara inferior, cuyo resultado será una losa con elementos aligerantes pero que funciona como un elemento unidireccional, consiguiendo solventar la problemática de la sujeción de los elementos aligerantes, ya que, como se ha señalado en el párrafo anterior, éstos no pueden estar apoyados sobre el encofrado, pues deben permitir el hormigonado de, al menos, cinco centímetros en toda la cara inferior del forjado, y consiguiendo solventar, también, la problemática de protección contra el fuego.Specifically, what the invention advocates is a procedure for the on-site execution of lightened slabs, with a finish seen on its underside, whose result will be a slab with lightening elements but that functions as a unidirectional element, managing to solve the problem of clamping of the lightening elements, since, as indicated in the previous paragraph, they cannot be supported on the formwork, since they must allow the concreting of at least five centimeters on the entire underside of the floor, and being able to solve , also, the problem of protection against fire.
Para ello el procedimiento preconizado comprende los siguientes pasos:For this, the recommended procedure includes the following steps:
Primero. Se coloca sobre el encofrado, con los adecuados separadores, un mallazo inferior contra la retracción, el cual es similar al empleado en las capas de compresión de los forjados unidireccionales. Dicho mallazo dependerá del canto del forjado, siendo lo más habitual una malla de diámetro de 5 mm con separaciones 20X30. Por su parte los separadores serán del tipo que convenga dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada caso.First. It is placed on the formwork, with the suitable separators, a lower mesh against retraction, the which is similar to that used in the compression layers of unidirectional slabs. Said mesh will depend on the song of the forged, the most usual being a 5 mm diameter mesh with 20X30 separations. The separators will be of the type that agree depending on the circumstances of each case.
Segundo. Mediante celosías de barras de acero electrosoldadas, se plantean los distintos nervios que forman la sección del forjado: armadura inferior, estribos y armadura superior.Second. Through steel bar blinds electrowelded, the different nerves that form the slab section: lower reinforcement, stirrups and reinforcement higher.
Tercero. Entre dichos nervios, se colocan los elementos aligerantes, consistentes cuerpos de poliestireno expandido, o material similar, de configuración cilíndrica o similar, que van a permitir, por su forma inferiormente curvada, la existencia de una capa inferior de hormigón en todo el forjado.Third. Between these nerves, the lightening elements, consistent polystyrene bodies expanded, or similar material, cylindrical configuration or similar, that will allow, due to its inferiorly curved shape, the existence of a lower layer of concrete throughout the floor.
Cuarto. Se coloca otro mallazo en la cara superior y la armadura de negativos. Este mallazo impide que el elemento aligerante, debido a su escaso peso, suba hasta la superficie durante el proceso de hormigonado, permitiendo el correcto hormigonado de una capa de compresión en la cara superior del forjado.Fourth. Another mesh is placed on the face superior and negative armor. This mesh prevents the lightening element, due to its low weight, go up to the surface during the concreting process, allowing the correct concreting of a compression layer on the upper face of the floor.
Quinto. Se procede al hormigonado de todo el conjunto en una única fase.Fifth. The concreting of the entire set in a single phase.
Es importante destacar que el diámetro de los elementos aligerantes cilíndricos implica que el intereje de los nervios sea aproximadamente el canto de forjado y, por tanto, mucho menor que el de los forjados unidireccionales convencionales, con lo que, para las luces y cargas habituales, la armadura a momentos positivos será suficiente con la de las celosías.It is important to note that the diameter of the lightening cylindrical elements implies that the intereje of the nerves is approximately the forged edge and therefore much smaller than that of conventional unidirectional slabs, with that, for the usual lights and loads, the armor at times Positive will be enough with the lattice.
Además, conviene mencionar que el ancho de los nervios y el espesor de la capa de compresión superior, así como de la capa inferior, serán el necesario para proporcionar la adecuada resistencia y estabilidad ante el fuego que se requiera en cada proyecto. Respecto la capa inferior, es importante destacar que deberá tener, al menos, 5 cmm de grosor, necesarios tanto para ofrecer una adecuada resistencia al fuego como para conseguir un espesor mínimo para que la losa quede vista y no se marque el mallazo, ya que si el espesor fuera menor, probablemente se vería marcado en algún punto.In addition, it should be mentioned that the width of the nerves and the thickness of the upper compression layer as well as of the bottom layer, will be the one necessary to provide adequate fire resistance and stability required in each draft. Regarding the lower layer, it is important to note that must be at least 5 cm thick, necessary for both offer adequate fire resistance to achieve minimum thickness so that the slab is visible and the mark is not marked mesh, since if the thickness were smaller, it would probably look marked at some point.
Se constata pues que, ventajosamente, aunque el elemento estructural resultante presenta un peso propio y cuantías de acero algo superiores a las de un forjado unidireccional, dichos valores son muy inferiores a los de una losa maciza.It is therefore found that, advantageously, although the resulting structural element has its own weight and amounts steel somewhat higher than those of a unidirectional floor, said values are much lower than those of a solid slab.
Por otra parte, el precio resultante será también inferior al de una losa, así como también al de un elemento prefabricado.On the other hand, the resulting price will be also inferior to that of a slab, as well as that of an element prefabricated.
Y, además, si bien su precio será más caro que el de un forjado unidireccional, habría que sumar al precio de este último el del enlucido de yeso.And, in addition, although its price will be more expensive than that of a unidirectional floor, we should add the price of this Last plaster plaster.
El descrito procedimiento para la ejecución in situ de forjados aligerados, con acabado visto en su cara inferior, representa, pues, una innovación de características desconocidas hasta ahora para el fin a que se destina, razones que unidas a su utilidad práctica, la dotan de fundamento suficiente para obtener el privilegio de exclusividad que se solicita.The described procedure for the on-site execution of lightened slabs, with a finish seen on its lower face, thus represents an innovation of unknown characteristics until now for the purpose to which it is intended, reasons that together with its practical utility, endow it with sufficient basis to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, de un juego de planos, en los que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, is attached herein descriptive, as an integral part of it, of a game of planes, in which with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, represented the following:
La figura número 1.- Muestra una vista esquematizada en sección de un ejemplo de forjado realizado según el procedimiento objeto de la invención, apreciándose en ella cada una de las partes y elementos que comprende.Figure number 1.- Shows a view schematized in section of an example of floor slab made according to the procedure object of the invention, each one being appreciated therein of the parts and elements that it comprises.
A la vista de la descrita figura 1 y única, y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada en ella, se puede observar como el procedimiento preconizado para la ejecución in situ de un forjado (1) mediante losa de hormigón armado con elementos aligerantes y acabado visto en su cara inferior, comprende los siguientes pasos:In view of the described figure 1 and only, and according to the numbering adopted therein, it can be observed as the recommended procedure for the on-site execution of a slab (1) by means of reinforced concrete slab with lightening elements and seen finish In its lower face, it comprises the following steps:
Colocación sobre el encofrado (no representado), con los separadores (2) adecuados, de un mallazo inferior (3) contra la retracción.Placement on the formwork (not shown), with the appropriate separators (2), of a lower mesh (3) against retraction
Planteamiento de los nervios (4) que forman la sección del forjado (1) mediante la colocación de celosías de barras de acero electrosoldadas, conformando con ellas la armadura inferior (5) y estribos (6).Statement of the nerves (4) that form the slab section (1) by placing bar trusses Electro-welded steel, conforming with them the lower reinforcement (5) and stirrups (6).
Colocación, entre los citados nervios (4), de elementos aligerantes (7), los cuales están constituidos por cuerpos, de poliestireno expandido o material similar, de configuración cilíndrica, u otra similar que presente una superficie inferior curva, ya que, por su forma interiormente curvada, van a permitir la existencia de una capa inferior (8) de hormigón en todo el forjado.Placement, between said nerves (4), of lightening elements (7), which are constituted by bodies, of expanded polystyrene or similar material, of cylindrical configuration, or similar that presents a lower surface curved, because, by its shape internally curved, they will allow the existence of a lower layer (8) of concrete throughout the floor.
Colocación de un segundo mallazo o mallazo superior (9) sobre los elementos aligerantes (7), para impedir que suban durante el hormigonado, y colocación de la armadura de negativos o armadura superior (10), igualmente conformada mediante barras de acero electrosoldadas.Placement of a second mesh upper (9) on lightening elements (7), to prevent climb during concreting, and placing the armor of negatives or upper armor (10), also shaped by electro-welded steel bars.
Finalmente, hormigonado de todo el conjunto en una única fase.Finally, concreting the whole set in A single phase
Hay que señalar que, preferentemente, la citada capa inferior (8) de hormigón será de, al menos, 5 cm, para lo cual los anteriormente citados separadores sobre los que se coloca el mallazo inferior (3) deberán tener, al menos, dicha altura.It should be noted that, preferably, the aforementioned lower layer (8) of concrete will be at least 5 cm, for which the aforementioned separators on which the lower mesh (3) must have at least said height.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no se considera necesario hacer más extensa su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, haciendo constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental.Describe sufficiently the nature of the The present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, is not considers it necessary to extend its explanation so that any subject matter expert understands its scope and advantages that derive from it, stating that, within its essentiality, may be implemented in other forms of embodiment that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and which will also achieve the protection that collects as long as it does not alter, change or modify its principle fundamental.
Claims (3)
do.- Placement, between said ribs (4), of the lightening elements (7), which are constituted by bodies, of expanded polystyrene or similar material, whose configuration has a curved bottom surface, to allow the existence of a lower layer ( 8) concrete throughout the forge-
do.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201000538A ES2372194B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHTENED CONCRETE FORGED CONCRETE, FINISHED IN THE LOWER FACE. |
| PCT/ES2011/070292 WO2011135137A1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2011-04-25 | Method for producing lightweight reinforced concrete slabs having an exposed finish on the lower face thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201000538A ES2372194B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHTENED CONCRETE FORGED CONCRETE, FINISHED IN THE LOWER FACE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2372194A1 true ES2372194A1 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
| ES2372194B1 ES2372194B1 (en) | 2012-09-14 |
Family
ID=44860913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201000538A Expired - Fee Related ES2372194B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LIGHTENED CONCRETE FORGED CONCRETE, FINISHED IN THE LOWER FACE. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2372194B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011135137A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1245120A (en) * | 1959-06-29 | 1960-11-04 | Baustahlgewebe Gmbh | Filler body for the formation of cavities in concrete construction elements |
| US3213581A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1965-10-26 | Anselmo J Macchi | Concrete floor and ceiling slab construction |
| DE1222643B (en) * | 1962-01-11 | 1966-08-11 | Leopold Mueller | One or two-axis tensioned hollow concrete slab and recess body for this |
| ES8603972A1 (en) * | 1985-10-07 | 1986-01-01 | Moneo Valles Mariano | Procedure to realize in situ structures of forged alveolar planes (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP0552201A1 (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-07-28 | Jorgen Illner Breuning | Plane hollow reinforced concrete floor with two-dimensional structure. |
| ES2138521A1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2000-01-01 | Odriozola Miguel Maria Imaz | Improvements in the construction of flat structural members without girders |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT396274B (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1993-07-26 | Avi Alpenlaendische Vered | REINFORCEMENT BODY FOR A CEILING PANEL |
| FR2697858B1 (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1995-01-27 | Alain Guenee | Method for manufacturing a three-layer sandwich type construction panel and panel obtained by implementing this method. |
-
2010
- 2010-04-27 ES ES201000538A patent/ES2372194B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-04-25 WO PCT/ES2011/070292 patent/WO2011135137A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3213581A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1965-10-26 | Anselmo J Macchi | Concrete floor and ceiling slab construction |
| FR1245120A (en) * | 1959-06-29 | 1960-11-04 | Baustahlgewebe Gmbh | Filler body for the formation of cavities in concrete construction elements |
| DE1222643B (en) * | 1962-01-11 | 1966-08-11 | Leopold Mueller | One or two-axis tensioned hollow concrete slab and recess body for this |
| ES8603972A1 (en) * | 1985-10-07 | 1986-01-01 | Moneo Valles Mariano | Procedure to realize in situ structures of forged alveolar planes (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP0552201A1 (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-07-28 | Jorgen Illner Breuning | Plane hollow reinforced concrete floor with two-dimensional structure. |
| ES2138521A1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2000-01-01 | Odriozola Miguel Maria Imaz | Improvements in the construction of flat structural members without girders |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2372194B1 (en) | 2012-09-14 |
| WO2011135137A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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