ES2342519A1 - Elimination of the emissions of co2 to the atmosphere, coming from the lacombustion of the fossil energies to fight the climatic change. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Elimination of the emissions of co2 to the atmosphere, coming from the lacombustion of the fossil energies to fight the climatic change. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2342519A1 ES2342519A1 ES200800089A ES200800089A ES2342519A1 ES 2342519 A1 ES2342519 A1 ES 2342519A1 ES 200800089 A ES200800089 A ES 200800089A ES 200800089 A ES200800089 A ES 200800089A ES 2342519 A1 ES2342519 A1 ES 2342519A1
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- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017917 NH4 Cl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- HDFXRQJQZBPDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O HDFXRQJQZBPDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/18—Preparation by the ammonia-soda process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Eliminación de las emisiones de CO_{2} a la atmósfera, procedentes de la combustión de las energías fósiles para combatir el cambio climático.Elimination of CO2 emissions at atmosphere, coming from the combustion of fossil energies to Fight climate change.
La gran preocupación que implican las emisiones de CO_{2} a la atmósfera y la entrada en vigor de protocolos, como el de Kyoto, así como medidas gubernamentales en la materia encaminadas a penalizar a aquellas empresas que más CO_{2} emitan a la atmósfera, justifica de por sí la iniciativa de cualquier invención que sea capaz de fijar el CO_{2} producido industrialmente.The major concern of emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere and the entry into force of protocols, such as that of Kyoto, as well as government measures in the matter aimed at penalizing those companies that emit more CO_ {2} to the atmosphere, justifies the initiative of any invention that is capable of fixing the CO2 produced industrially.
En este sentido, España ha tratado de cumplir los acuerdos del protocolo de Kyoto, buscando un equilibrio con miras a no disminuir el incremento de los indicadores económicos. Sin embargo dados los elevados índices de emisiones de CO_{2} que presenta nuestro país en los últimos años, la situación tendrá que cambiar, por lo que se tendrá que buscar alternativas a la producción industrial actual y buscar métodos para conseguir fijar el dióxido de carbono producido.In this sense, Spain has tried to comply the Kyoto protocol agreements, seeking a balance with You are looking to not reduce the increase in economic indicators. However, given the high rates of CO2 emissions that presents our country in recent years, the situation will have to change, so you will have to look for alternatives to the current industrial production and look for methods to get fixed the carbon dioxide produced.
Es dentro de esta realidad, donde se encuadra la presente invención, que mediante un proceso de reacciones químicas, consigue la fijación de las emisiones de CO_{2} que se emiten a la atmósfera, producidos principalmente por centrales termoeléctricas y en general las emisiones de CO_{2} producidas por cualquier proceso industrial, de manera que los actuales sistemas de producción energética y otras actividades industriales no se vean afectados.It is within this reality, where the present invention, that through a process of chemical reactions, it achieves the fixation of the CO2 emissions that are emitted to the atmosphere, mainly produced by thermoelectric plants and in general the CO2 emissions produced by any industrial process, so that the current systems of energy production and other industrial activities are not seen affected.
El objetivo de la invención es eliminar el CO_{2} procedente de la emisión de humos de cualquier proceso de combustión de energías fósiles, partiendo de un proceso de reacción química realizado con el cloruro sódico -NaCl- contenido en el agua del mar y amoniaco NH_{3}. El proceso para la eliminación del CO_{2}, que como hemos indicado es el objeto de esta invención, se realiza mediante la utilización del cloruro sódico -NaCl- contenido en el agua del mar y amoniaco -NH_{3}-, y se obtienen al final del mismo como subproductos, bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- y ácido clorhídrico -HCl-, reutilizándose el amoniaco -NH_{3}- presente en la reacción. Así pues, la importancia medioambiental, económica y social de la invención está fuera de toda duda. Se contribuye a eliminar las emisiones de CO_{2} a la atmósfera atenuando los efectos del cambio climático.The object of the invention is to eliminate the CO_ {2} from the emission of smoke from any process of combustion of fossil energies, starting from a reaction process Chemistry carried out with sodium chloride -NaCl- contained in water from the sea and ammonia NH 3. The process for the elimination of CO 2, which as we have indicated is the object of this invention, is performed by using sodium chloride -NaCl- content in seawater and ammonia -NH3 -, and are obtained at the end of same as by-products, sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - and acid hydrochloric -HCl-, reusing ammonia -NH3 - present in the reaction. Thus, the environmental, economic and Social invention is beyond doubt. It contributes to eliminate CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by attenuating effects of climate change.
A continuación realizamos una descripción sucinta del proceso para la fijación de las emisiones de CO_{2}. Partimos de una salida de humos de cualquier proceso tradicional de combustión, los cuales los hacemos pasar a través de un filtro de bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- y de un proceso de enfriamiento.Next we make a description succinct of the process for the fixation of CO2 emissions. We start from a smoke outlet of any traditional process of combustion, which we pass through a filter sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - and a process of cooling.
Dispondremos de un depósito de agua marina, de un deposito de amoniaco -NH_{3}- y de un depósito de absorción.We will have a marine water tank, of an ammonia deposit -NH3 - and a deposit of absorption.
Mediante el depósito de absorción procedemos a absorber el amoniaco NH_{3} y el agua de mar, creando una corriente acuosa la cual insertamos en un reactor por la parte superior de la torre. Por otro lado los humos que en su mayor parte están compuestos por CO_{2}, ya que previamente los hemos filtrado y enfriado, los insertamos en el reactor por la parte inferior, para que vayan ascendiendo por la torre del reactor y se produzca la reacción, la cual es instantánea, en su contacto con la solución acuosa de agua de mar mezclada con amoniaco -NH_{3}-.Through the absorption tank we proceed to absorb NH3 {3} ammonia and seawater, creating a aqueous stream which we insert into a reactor on the part Tower top. On the other hand the fumes that for the most part they are composed of CO2, since we have previously filtered them and cooled, we insert them in the reactor from the bottom, to that go up the reactor tower and the reaction, which is instantaneous, in its contact with the solution aqueous seawater mixed with ammonia -NH3 -.
Con dicha reacción conseguimos que precipite el bicarbonato de sodio -NaHCO_{3}-, el cual lo obtendremos en forma de polvo en la parte inferior del reactor. A continuación y de forma simultanea, hacemos pasar la disolución acuosa de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl-, por un filtro de banda, para que no arrastre restos de bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}-.With this reaction we can precipitate the sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO_ {3} -, which we will obtain in form of dust at the bottom of the reactor. Then and in a way Simultaneously, we pass the aqueous solution of ammonium chloride -NH_ {Cl}, by a band filter, so that it does not drag traces of sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 -.
La disolución de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- la hacemos pasar por una instalación de osmosis inversa para concentrar el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- y que sea más fácil obtener después el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- cristalizado. El proceso de la osmosis nos producirá agua desalada, la cual la enviaremos a un deposito de agua y posteriormente lo verteremos al mar.The ammonium chloride solution -NH 4 Cl- we pass it through a reverse osmosis installation to concentrate the ammonium chloride -NH4 Cl- and make it easier then obtain the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- crystallized. He osmosis process will produce desalinated water, which the we will send to a water tank and then we will pour it to sea.
La disolución acuosa de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- concentrado la hacemos pasar por una cámara de nebulización, para evaporar el agua por evaporación. El vapor de agua condensado, lo recogemos y llevamos al mismo deposito del agua procedente de la osmosis inversa y que posteriormente es vertida al mar.The aqueous solution of ammonium chloride -NH_ {4} Cl- concentrated we pass it through a chamber of fogging, to evaporate water by evaporation. Steam condensed water, we collect it and take it to the same water tank from reverse osmosis and which is subsequently discharged into sea.
El cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- sólido obtenido por nebulización, lo llevamos a un reactor de descomposición térmica. En él, el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- que tenemos en forma cristalizada de un polvo fino blanco, se descompone por calor en ácido clorhídrico -HCl- gas y amoniaco -NH_{3}- gas. El ácido clorhídrico -HCl- al ser más denso que el aire, lo recogeremos por la parte inferior del reactor de descomposición térmica, el cual mediante presión puede ser envasado en contenedores de acero inoxidable. El amoniaco -NH_{3}- como es menos denso que el aire lo recogemos en la parte superior del reactor de descomposición térmica y lo canalizamos hasta el depósito de amoniaco -NH_{3}- situado al inicio del proceso, para poder volver a ser utilizado.Ammonium Chloride -NH4Cl- solid obtained by fogging, we take it to a reactor of thermal decomposition In it, ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- which we have crystallized form of a fine white powder, it decomposes by heat in hydrochloric acid -HCl- gas and ammonia -NH3 - gas. Hydrochloric acid -HCl- being denser than air, what we will pick up from the bottom of the decomposition reactor thermal, which by pressure can be packaged in containers stainless steel. Ammonia -NH 3 - as it is less dense than we collect the air at the top of the reactor thermal decomposition and we channel it to the deposit of ammonia -NH_ {3} - located at the beginning of the process, in order to return To be used.
La Figura núm. 1 y única, trata de representar gráficamente el proceso utilizado para la eliminación de los humos con alto contenido en CO_{2}, mediante la fijación de los mismos evitando así su emisión a la atmósfera. Donde (1) representa una salida de humos convencional y cuyas emisiones de CO_{2} van a ser tratadas con el procedimiento que presenta esta invención. El (2) es un depósito de agua de mar. El (3) es un depósito de amoniaco -NH_{3}-. El (4) representa el depósito de absorción. El (5) es el depósito de humos portadores de CO_{2}, enfriados a su paso por las distintas fases del proceso. El (6) es el reactor donde se produce la reacción al ser mezclados, el agua de mar procedente del depósito (2), el amoniaco -NH_{3}-, procedente del depósito (3) y los humos con CO_{2} enfriados, procedentes del depósito (5). El reactor dispone en su parte inferior de una salida para la evacuación del bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- producido en la reacción del proceso, y el cual podrá ser tratado para otros usos industriales. El (7) es la figura que representa la instalación de osmosis inversa para concentrar la disolución acuosa de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- resultante después de realizar el proceso dentro del reactor (6). El (8) representa la instalación de cristalización por nebulización lateral, donde se solidifica el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl-. El (9) es el reactor de descomposición térmica. En él, el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- es tratado y descompuesto en dos productos, ambos en forma gaseosa debido a la temperatura empleada. Uno es el amoniaco -NH_{3}-, el cual vuelve al circuito hasta el almacenaje en su depósito (3) y el otro producto es el ácido clorhídrico -HCl- el cual podrá ser objeto de envasado para su comercialización. El (10) es un condensador que recoge el vapor tras su paso por las fases de cristalización por nebulización (8) y por el reactor de descomposición térmica (9). Y por último (11) representa el depósito de agua desalada procedente del proceso de osmosis inversa (7) y del agua producida en la condensación del condensador (10) y cuyo destino final es su vertido al mar.Figure no. 1 and unique, try to represent graphically the process used for smoke removal with a high content of CO2, by fixing them thus avoiding its emission to the atmosphere. Where (1) represents a conventional smoke outlet and whose CO2 emissions are going to be treated with the procedure presented by this invention. The (2) is A reservoir of seawater. The (3) is an ammonia deposit -NH_ {3} -. The (4) represents the absorption tank. The (5) is the CO2 flue tank, cooled as it passes through The different phases of the process. The (6) is the reactor where produces the reaction when mixed, seawater from the deposit (2), ammonia -NH3 -, from deposit (3) and the fumes with CO2 cooled, coming from the tank (5). He reactor has in its lower part an outlet for the evacuation of sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - produced in the reaction of the process, and which may be treated for other uses Industrial The (7) is the figure that represents the installation of reverse osmosis to concentrate the aqueous chloride solution of ammonium -NH4Cl- resulting after performing the process within of the reactor (6). The (8) represents the crystallization facility by lateral fogging, where ammonium chloride solidifies -NH_ {Cl}. The (9) is the thermal decomposition reactor. At, the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- is treated and broken down in two products, both in gaseous form due to the temperature used. One is ammonia -NH_ {3} -, which returns to the circuit until storage in your warehouse (3) and the other product is acid hydrochloric -HCl- which may be subject to packaging for commercialization. The (10) is a condenser that collects the steam after its passage through the crystallization phases by fogging (8) and by the thermal decomposition reactor (9). And finally (11) represents the desalinated water tank from the process of reverse osmosis (7) and water produced in the condensation of condenser (10) and whose final destination is its discharge to the sea.
A continuación describimos el proceso y la forma de realización de la invención.Next we describe the process and the form of realization of the invention.
El agua marina contenida en el depósito (2) es junto con el amoniaco -NH_{3}- contenido en el depósito (3), absorbidos por el depósito de absorción (4) y conducidos ambos elementos hasta el reactor (6) donde son introducidos por la parte superior de la torre. Simultáneamente burbujeamos CO_{2} enfriado procedente del depósito (5) hasta el reactor (6) y lo introducimos por la parte inferior de la torre. Por carbonatación se nos transformarán los sulfatos en carbonatos precipitando estos y una vez han precipitado todos los carbonatos procedentes de los sulfatos, al contacto con el amoniaco -NH_{3}-, el proceso procede ha precipitar el bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}-. Esta reacción es espontánea así que conforme se vaya incorporando la disolución acuosa se irá produciendo en tiempo real, precipitando el bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- y quedándonos en disolución la sal de amonio -NH_{4}Cl-. El bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- nos precipitara en forma de polvo blanco muy fino y el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- se nos quedará en la disolución acuosa.The seawater contained in the tank (2) is together with the ammonia -NH_ {3} - contained in the tank (3), absorbed by the absorption tank (4) and conducted both elements to the reactor (6) where they are introduced by the part Tower top. Simultaneously we bubble cooled CO 2 from the tank (5) to the reactor (6) and we introduce it by the bottom of the tower. By carbonation we are they will transform sulfates into carbonates by precipitating these and a once all the carbonates from the sulfates, upon contact with ammonia -NH3 -, the process proceeds The sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - has precipitated. This reaction is spontaneously so as the solution is incorporated water will be produced in real time, precipitating the sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - and the salt remaining in solution of ammonium -NH4 Cl-. Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - nos will precipitate in the form of very fine white powder and ammonium chloride -NH4 Cl- will remain in the aqueous solution.
El bicarbonato sódico -NaHCO_{3}- en forma sólida de polvo blanco, lo evacuaremos del reactor (6) por su parte inferior donde dispone de una boca de salida.Sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3 - in form solid white powder, we will evacuate it from the reactor (6) lower where it has an outlet.
El volumen de la disolución acuosa de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- resultante después de realizar el proceso dentro del reactor (6), procedemos a concentrarlo por el proceso de la osmosis inversa (7) y así poder realizar la cristalización por nebulización (8) del cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- con más facilidad.The volume of the aqueous chloride solution of ammonium -NH4Cl- resulting after performing the process within of the reactor (6), we proceed to concentrate it by the process of reverse osmosis (7) and thus be able to perform crystallization by nebulization (8) of ammonium chloride -NH4 Cl- with more ease.
El agua desalada de mar obtenida durante el proceso de la osmosis inversa (7) es trasladada hasta el depósito de agua desalada (11) donde posteriormente será nuevamente devuelta al mar.Desalinated seawater obtained during the Reverse osmosis process (7) is transferred to the deposit of desalinated water (11) where it will later be returned to the sea.
La disolución acuosa de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- procedente del proceso de la osmosis inversa (7) procedemos a su cristalización mediante nebulización (8). El proceso en si consiste en la cristalización por nebulización de la disolución de cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- en un material sólido, atomizándolo en forma de gotas minúsculas en un medio de secado en caliente. El agua se evapora prácticamente de manera instantánea, permitiendo que los iones disueltos, en este caso el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- se deposite en forma sólida. En esta fase del proceso el nebulizador es alimentado y calentado térmicamente por los humos compuestos básicamente por CO_{2}, procedentes de la salida de humos (1).The aqueous solution of ammonium chloride -NH_ {Cl} - from the reverse osmosis process (7) we proceed to crystallization through nebulization (8). The process in itself it consists of the crystallization by nebulization of the solution of ammonium chloride -NH 4 Cl- in a solid material, atomizing it in the form of tiny drops in a drying medium in hot. Water evaporates virtually instantaneously, allowing dissolved ions, in this case the chloride of ammonium -NH4Cl- is deposited in solid form. In this phase of process the nebulizer is powered and thermally heated by the fumes composed basically of CO2, coming from the smoke outlet (1).
Los gases calientes entran al nebulizador (8) calentando el equipo hasta alcanzar la temperatura de trabajo mediante un intercambiador de calor. Alcanzada dicha condición se inicia la inyección del concentrado del cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl-, procedente de la planta de osmosis inversa (7), a la tobera lateral de aspersión dividiendo en finas gotas el concentrado. Estas pequeñas gotas se ponen en contacto con los gases calientes produciéndose la evaporación y por tanto la separación del agua de la parte sólida del cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- contenida en el líquido.Hot gases enter the nebulizer (8) heating the equipment until the working temperature is reached by a heat exchanger. Once this condition has been reached initiates the injection of the ammonium chloride concentrate -NH_ {Cl}, from the reverse osmosis plant (7), to the lateral spray nozzle dividing the drops concentrated. These small drops come in contact with the gases hot producing evaporation and therefore the separation of water of the solid part of the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- contained in the liquid
Posteriormente transferimos el cloruro de amonio NH_{4}Cl- en su estado sólido a un reactor de descomposición térmica (9) que lleva acoplado un intercambiador de calor en el cual alcanzaremos la temperatura necesaria, alimentado y calentado térmicamente, por los humos con alto contenido en CO_{2} procedentes de la salida de humos (1), para que mediante descomposición térmica se de la siguiente reacción: cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl-, más calor, se descompone en amoniaco -NH_{3}- y en ácido clorhídrico -HCl-, ambos en estado gaseoso.Later we transfer the ammonium chloride NH4Cl- in its solid state to a decomposition reactor thermal (9) that carries a heat exchanger in which we will reach the necessary temperature, fed and heated thermally, by fumes with high CO2 content coming from the smoke outlet (1), so that by Thermal decomposition is the following reaction: chloride ammonium -NH 4 Cl-, more heat, decomposes into ammonia -NH 3 - and in hydrochloric acid -HCl-, both in a gaseous state.
Este proceso es debido a que las sales amónicas son térmicamente inestables, y al aplicarles calor se descomponen y el cloruro de amonio -NH_{4}Cl- se irá disociando en amoniaco -NH_{3}- y en ácido clorhídrico -HCl-.This process is because the ammonium salts they are thermally unstable, and when applied heat they decompose and the ammonium chloride -NH4Cl- will dissociate into ammonia -NH 3 - and in hydrochloric acid -HCl-.
El proceso de separación se produce por la diferencia de densidades de los dos gases, pues la densidad relativa de vapor para el ácido clorhídrico -HCl- es de 1.27 g/l y para el amoniaco -NH_{3}- de 0.590 g/l, por tanto el amoniaco -NH_{3}- ascenderá rápidamente por el reactor de descomposición térmica (9) hasta la parte superior y lo conduciremos hasta el depósito (3) para su utilización de nuevo en el circuito. Mediante el control de un pHmetro donde nos indicará el valor del pH, conforme vaya ascendiendo el amoniaco -NH_{3}- y vaya pasando por él, tendremos los valores básicos de pH. Cuando lleguen a la neutralidad se cierra esta salida y se abre una válvula de drenaje para que salga el ácido clorhídrico -HCl- por la parte inferior del reactor, ya que al ser más denso que el aire se quedará en la parte inferior del reactor.The separation process is produced by the difference of densities of the two gases, since the relative density of steam for hydrochloric acid -HCl- is 1.27 g / l and for ammonia -NH 3 - of 0.590 g / l, therefore the ammonia -NH 3 - will rise quickly through the thermal decomposition reactor (9) to the top and we will drive it to the tank (3) to its use again in the circuit. By controlling a pH meter where you will indicate the pH value, as you go ascending the ammonia -NH_ {3} - and go through it, we will have the basic pH values. When they reach neutrality it closes this outlet and a drain valve opens for the acid to escape hydrochloric -HCl- by the bottom of the reactor, since being denser than the air will stay at the bottom of the reactor.
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ES2604302A1 (en) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-06 | Fundación Investigación E Innovación Para El Desarrollo Social | Process of elimination of fumes with high co2 content for conversion to bicarbonate using rejection brines (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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GB131870A (en) * | ||||
US1570299A (en) * | 1922-05-01 | 1926-01-19 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Ammonia soda process |
ES2222249T3 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2005-02-01 | Paul Rongved | PROCEDURE FOR THE DESALATION OF SEA WATER. |
WO2007094691A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Enpro As | Method for handling saline water and carbon dioxide |
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GB131870A (en) * | ||||
US1570299A (en) * | 1922-05-01 | 1926-01-19 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Ammonia soda process |
ES2222249T3 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2005-02-01 | Paul Rongved | PROCEDURE FOR THE DESALATION OF SEA WATER. |
WO2007094691A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Enpro As | Method for handling saline water and carbon dioxide |
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EL-YAKUBU, B. y AIDID A. "{}Chemical conversions of salt concentrates from desalination plants"{}. Desalination 139 (2001) 287-295. * |
EL-YAKUBU, B. y AIDID A. "Chemical conversions of salt concentrates from desalination plants". Desalination 139 (2001) 287-295. * |
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