ES2329207A1 - Flexible anchoring for the attachment of an elastic zunch to a wall of tapia. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Flexible anchoring for the attachment of an elastic zunch to a wall of tapia. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2329207A1 ES2329207A1 ES200700919A ES200700919A ES2329207A1 ES 2329207 A1 ES2329207 A1 ES 2329207A1 ES 200700919 A ES200700919 A ES 200700919A ES 200700919 A ES200700919 A ES 200700919A ES 2329207 A1 ES2329207 A1 ES 2329207A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- cable
- hoop
- elastic
- strap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000003495 Crateva tapia Nutrition 0.000 title description 4
- 244000102216 Crateva tapia Species 0.000 title description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011431 lime mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
- E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
- F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Anclaje flexible para el atado de un zuncho elástico a un muro de tapia.Flexible anchor for tying a zuncho elastic to a wall of wall.
La presente invención pertenece al campo de la construcción, en concreto al de la rehabilitación de edificios históricos.The present invention belongs to the field of construction, specifically that of building rehabilitation historical.
El objeto de la invención se centra en proveer los medios para acoplar un zuncho de material elástico a un muro de tapia, de manera que las deformaciones del zuncho no transmitan esfuerzos al muro.The object of the invention is focused on providing the means for attaching a stretch of elastic material to a wall of wall, so that the deformations of the zuncho do not transmit efforts to the wall.
En las restauraciones de edificios históricos afectadas por patologías provocadas por empujes de cubiertas sobre los muros u otros factores de índole diversa, se suelen atar dichos muros en su coronación por medio de zunchos de hormigón o de material metálico. Sin embargo, a los pocos años de realizar este zunchado, aparecen patologías nuevas y más graves, debido a que este tipo de zunchos introducen una excesiva rigidez en la cabeza de los muros compuestos por fábricas de piedras o mamposterías. Esta rigidez resulta muy perjudicial en caso de movimientos del propio edificio o sísmicos.In the restorations of historical buildings affected by pathologies caused by cover thrusts on the walls or other factors of a diverse nature, these are usually tied walls in its coronation by means of concrete or metallic material However, within a few years of doing this zunchado, new and more serious pathologies appear, because This type of slip introduces excessive head stiffness of the walls composed of stone factories or masonry. This rigidity is very harmful in case of movements of the Own building or seismic.
Este hecho se agrava cuando las construcciones son de tapia, es decir, de muros construidos con argamasa de tierra, componentes orgánicos y cal, compactados y apisonados entre dos encofrados de madera, denominados tapial. Este tipo de construcciones son especialmente frágiles, no sólo por su coeficiente de dilatación, sino además por su propia composición y forma de construir. Se trata de muros que no resisten los esfuerzos a flexión, y menos aún a tracción, por lo que es obvio que hay que evitar colocar elementos con materiales nuevos, rígidos y no orgánicos, que pueden producir un gran brazo mecánico en la fábrica de tapia, además de una indeseable transmisión de sales del hormigón o de óxidos del hierro a la antigua fábrica, ocasionando un deterioro mucho más rápido que el que ha venido sufriendo en el transcurso de los años.This fact is aggravated when the constructions they are of wall, that is, of walls built with mortar of earth, organic components and lime, compacted and rammed between two wooden formwork, called tapial. This type of constructions are especially fragile, not only because of their expansion coefficient, but also for its own composition and way of building These are walls that do not resist efforts to bending, and even less to traction, so it is obvious that you have to avoid placing elements with new materials, rigid and not organic, which can produce a large mechanical arm in the factory of tapia, in addition to an undesirable transmission of salts from concrete or iron oxides to the old factory, causing a deterioration much faster than the one that has been suffering in the Over the years.
Los muros de tapia suelen ser una técnica constructiva usual en edificios históricos, normalmente de época musulmana, como murallas, torres, castillos alcazabas, etc. Cuando hay que restaurarlos, consolidarlos o repararlos, es muy importante la conservación de su imagen exterior, según indican las normas internacionales de restauración, por lo que hay que evitar en lo posible elementos añadidos o expuestos que puedan distorsionar o modificar dicha imagen exterior.Walls of tapia are usually a technique usual construction in historic buildings, usually vintage Muslim, such as walls, towers, alcazabas castles, etc. When you have to restore, consolidate or repair them, it is very important the conservation of its exterior image, according to the norms international restaurants, so you have to avoid possible added or exposed elements that may distort or modify said exterior image.
Un zunchado poco agresivo para este tipo de muros de tapia puede ser realizado con elementos de madera laminada, un material que es orgánico y biodegradable con el tiempo, pero que a la vez posee una gran resistencia estructural y una gran flexibilidad. Los zunchos de madera laminada, para que trabajen de manera solidaria con la fábrica de tapia, deben ir anclados a la misma. El problema surge con los diferentes coeficientes de dilatación de los materiales: la piedra, los mampuestos y la tapia presentan una gran inercia térmica; por el contrario, la madera es mucho más sensible a las condiciones ambientales. Estos diferentes coeficientes de dilatación pueden ocasionar problemas graves, ya que un anclaje demasiado rígido del zuncho puede ocasionar empujes no deseados en los muros, pudiendo llegar a colapsarlos.A little aggressive zunchado for this type of wall walls can be made with wooden elements laminate, a material that is organic and biodegradable with the time, but at the same time it has a great structural resistance and great flexibility The laminated wood trunks, so that work in solidarity with the tapia factory, they must go anchored to it. The problem arises with the different coefficients of expansion of the materials: the stone, the mampuestos and the wall have a great thermal inertia; for him On the contrary, wood is much more sensitive to conditions environmental. These different expansion coefficients can cause serious problems, since an anchor too rigid of the zuncho can cause unwanted thrusts in the walls, being able to get to collapse them.
El problema técnico que se presenta es el de encontrar un medio de anclaje del zuncho de madera laminada al muro de tapia que evite que la dilatación de la madera que compone el zuncho pueda provocar su expansión y, en vez de atar, acabe empujando los muros, provocando el efecto contrario al que se desea.The technical problem that arises is that of find a means of anchoring the wall of laminated wood to the wall of wall that prevents the expansion of the wood that makes up the Zuncho can cause its expansion and, instead of tying, finish pushing the walls, causing the opposite effect to the one want.
Con la presente invención se resuelve el problema anteriormente descrito, mediante el uso de un anclaje flexible que vincula un zuncho a un muro y que evita que, cuando el zuncho de madera se dilate por efecto de la temperatura, humedad, etc., dicho zuncho empuje el muro.With the present invention the problem described above, by using an anchor flexible that links a zuncho to a wall and that prevents, when the wooden board is dilated by the effect of temperature, humidity, etc., said zuncho push the wall.
El anclaje flexible para atado de zunchos elásticos a muros de tapia de la invención comprende como elemento principal un cable. La instalación y el funcionamiento del anclaje, así como el resto de sus partes componentes, se explican a continuación:The flexible anchor for strapping wall elastic walls of the invention comprise as an element Main a cable. The installation and operation of the anchor, as well as the rest of its component parts, are explained to continuation:
Se practican taladros ciegos inclinados en un muro en el que se pretende colocar un zuncho elástico, tal que, pero sin limitamos a, de madera laminada. En cada uno de los taladros se introduce una barra roscada, preferentemente de acero inoxidable, unida a un cable, dotado para tal fin de unas bridas y sujeciones en sus extremos. Los taladros ciegos inclinados se rellenan, previamente a la introducción de las barras corrugadas, de un material fluido adecuado que, tras solidificar provoca el agarre de las barras al muro. Este material puede ser una lechada de mortero, preferentemente de mortero de cal.Blind drills are tilted in a wall on which it is intended to place an elastic strap, such that, but without limit to laminated wood. In each of the drills a threaded rod is introduced, preferably steel stainless, attached to a cable, endowed with flanges and fasteners at its ends. Blind inclined drills are fill, prior to the introduction of corrugated bars, of a suitable fluid material that, after solidification causes the grip From the bars to the wall. This material can be a grout of mortar, preferably lime mortar.
Entre el zuncho y el muro se dispone una plancha de material flexible, que puede ser poliestireno expandido, y se hace pasar el cable a través de un agujero practicado en la plancha. Sobre angulares o casquillos de montaje se apoya el zuncho, al que se le habrá practicado igualmente un taladro por el que se hará pasar el cable y la varilla roscada. El extremo libre del cable está unido, mediante bridas y sujeciones, a un espárrago que sobresale respecto al taladro del zuncho, de manera que dicho cable queda totalmente en el interior del zuncho, inicialmente sin tensar. La unión se materializa mediante una tuerca roscada al espárrago que presiona una junta de goma situada entre la tuerca y el zuncho. Se puede disponer, de manera adicional, una arandela entre la tuerca y la cuña de goma, con el fin de asegurar la unión.Between the zuncho and the wall an iron is arranged of flexible material, which can be expanded polystyrene, and it leads the cable through a hole in the griddle. On angular or mounting bushes the zuncho, which will have also been drilled by the that the cable and threaded rod will be passed. Free end of the cable is attached, by flanges and fasteners, to a stud that protrudes with respect to the drill of the zuncho, so that said cable is completely inside the zuncho, initially without tense. The union is materialized by a threaded nut to the stud that presses a rubber gasket located between the nut and the zuncho An additional washer can be provided between the nut and the rubber wedge, in order to ensure the Union.
La tuerca determina unos esfuerzos de tracción sobre el espárrago, que ocasionan el tensionado del cable arriostrando de esa manera al muro. El zuncho así fijado al muro con las varillas roscadas absorbe las cargas y posibles movimientos horizontales de los muros de fábrica.The nut determines tensile stresses on the stud, which cause the cable to tension bracing that way to the wall. The zuncho thus fixed to the wall with threaded rods absorbs loads and possible movements horizontal of the factory walls.
Los empujes perjudiciales de la dilatación expansiva del zuncho hacia el muro, debidos a los efectos combinados de la humedad y de la temperatura, son absorbidos por el espacio entre el zuncho y la pared, y en este caso el cable se destensa e impide que el zuncho empuje a las varillas introducidas en el muro, que lo sujetan y evitando así que dichos esfuerzos recaigan sobre el muro.The harmful thrusts of dilation expansive of the zuncho towards the wall, due to the effects combined with humidity and temperature, they are absorbed by the space between the wall and the wall, and in this case the cable is distends and prevents the zuncho from pushing the inserted rods on the wall, which hold it and thus avoiding such efforts fall on the wall.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to an example preferred practical implementation of it, is accompanied as integral part of that description, a set of drawings where with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:
Figura 1.- Muestra una vista en corte transversal del muro, en la que se aprecian los componentes del anclaje flexible para el anclado de zunchos elásticos a muros de tapia.Figure 1.- Shows a sectional view. cross section of the wall, in which the components of the flexible anchor for anchoring elastic straps to walls of wall.
En la figura 1 se aprecian los componentes y la disposición del anclaje elástico de la invención. El muro (1) al que se desea adosar el zuncho (8) de madera laminada presenta unos taladros inclinados ciegos (2) que se rellenan con mortero de cal (14) y en los que se introduce una barra roscada de acero inoxidable (3). Dicha barra roscada (3) está unida por medio de bridas y sujeciones (4) a un cable (6).Figure 1 shows the components and the arrangement of the elastic anchor of the invention. The wall (1) to that you want to attach the laminate (8) of laminated wood presents some blind inclined drills (2) that are filled with lime mortar (14) and in which a threaded steel bar is inserted stainless (3). Said threaded rod (3) is joined by means of flanges and fasteners (4) to a cable (6).
Dicho cable (6) se aloja en un taladro (7) realizado en el zuncho (8) y se une por su otro extremo, mediante bridas y sujeciones (4), a un espárrago (5). Dicho espárrago (5) sobresale del zuncho (8) y se encuentra unido al mismo mediante una tuerca (11), roscada en el espárrago (5), y una junta (10), situada entre el zuncho (8) y la tuerca (11). Adicionalmente se puede disponer una arandela (no representada) situada entre la tuerca (11) y la junta (10).Said cable (6) is housed in a hole (7) made in the zuncho (8) and joins at its other end, by flanges and fasteners (4), to a stud (5). Said stud (5) protrudes from the zuncho (8) and is attached to it by means of a nut (11), threaded into the stud (5), and a gasket (10), located between the strap (8) and the nut (11). Additionally you can arrange a washer (not shown) located between the nut (11) and the board (10).
El taladro (7) efectuado en el zuncho (8) se comunica con el taladro ciego inclinado (2) atravesando una plancha (9) de poliestireno expandido que se sitúa entre el zuncho (8) y el muro (1). Por medio de angulares o casquillos (12) y de tomillos (13) se puede apear y afianzar la sujeción del zuncho (8) al muro (1) durante su construcción.The drill (7) made in the strap (8) is communicates with the blind inclined drill (2) through an iron (9) of expanded polystyrene that is located between the strip (8) and the wall (1). By means of angles or bushings (12) and thyme (13) the attachment of the zuncho (8) to the wall can be attached and secured (1) during its construction.
Como se observa en la figura 1, el cable (6) se encuentra inicialmente destensado. Como consecuencia del movimiento de los muros (1), se produce un desplazamiento, en dirección de las flechas, del conjunto espárrago (5) -tuerca (11)- junta (10) que, por estar unido al cable (6), va a tirar del mismo. Puede llegar un momento en que los movimientos del muro (1) adquieran tal dimensión que el cable (6) llegue a tensarse. Pero, hasta entonces, las dilataciones del zuncho (8) se manifestarán en una elongación (sin tensión) del cable (6), y no en una carga añadida sobre el muro (1).As seen in figure 1, the cable (6) is It is initially relaxed. As a consequence of the movement of the walls (1), a displacement occurs, in the direction of the arrows, of the stud assembly (5) - nut (11) - seal (10) which, By being attached to the cable (6), you will pull it. Can arrive a moment in which the movements of the wall (1) acquire such dimension the cable (6) becomes tensioned. But, until then, the zuncho dilations (8) will manifest in an elongation (without tension) of the cable (6), and not at an added load on the wall (one).
Claims (5)
- --
- un espárrago roscado (5) vinculado al cable por medio de bridas y sujeciones (4);a threaded stud (5) linked to the cable by means of flanges and fasteners (4);
- --
- una junta (10), que es atravesada por el espárrago roscado (5), y que apoya en el zuncho (8);a gasket (10), which is pierced by the threaded stud (5), and which support in the zuncho (8);
- --
- una tuerca (11), roscada en el espárrago roscado (5), y que presiona la junta (10) contra el zuncho (8).a nut (11), threaded into the threaded stud (5), and pressing the gasket (10) against the strap (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200700919A ES2329207B1 (en) | 2007-04-09 | 2007-04-09 | FLEXIBLE ANCHORAGE FOR THE TIGHTENING OF AN ELASTIC ZUNCHO TO A COVER WALL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200700919A ES2329207B1 (en) | 2007-04-09 | 2007-04-09 | FLEXIBLE ANCHORAGE FOR THE TIGHTENING OF AN ELASTIC ZUNCHO TO A COVER WALL. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2329207A1 true ES2329207A1 (en) | 2009-11-23 |
| ES2329207B1 ES2329207B1 (en) | 2010-09-13 |
Family
ID=41264012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200700919A Expired - Fee Related ES2329207B1 (en) | 2007-04-09 | 2007-04-09 | FLEXIBLE ANCHORAGE FOR THE TIGHTENING OF AN ELASTIC ZUNCHO TO A COVER WALL. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2329207B1 (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB884473A (en) * | 1958-05-28 | 1961-12-13 | British Ropes Ltd | Improvements in or relating to tie-bolts |
| US3226933A (en) * | 1961-03-20 | 1966-01-04 | Spencer White And Prentis Inc | Sheeting wall system and method of constructing same |
| FR2329815A1 (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-05-27 | Balency Briard | Attachment of facing panels to building subframe - using tie rods at top anchored to plates cast into panels and frame |
| AU4287385A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-11-28 | Pryda (Aust) Pty Ltd | Cyclonic wall fixings |
| US4563852A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-01-14 | Irving Achtenberg | Method of reinforcing concrete block foundation walls |
| SU1283411A1 (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-15 | Криворожский горнорудный институт | Yieldable roof bolt |
| GB2290119A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1995-12-13 | Jennmar Corp | Flexible rock bolt |
| JP2003064766A (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-05 | Nippon Kaiser Kk | Precast concrete wall and its construction method |
-
2007
- 2007-04-09 ES ES200700919A patent/ES2329207B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB884473A (en) * | 1958-05-28 | 1961-12-13 | British Ropes Ltd | Improvements in or relating to tie-bolts |
| US3226933A (en) * | 1961-03-20 | 1966-01-04 | Spencer White And Prentis Inc | Sheeting wall system and method of constructing same |
| FR2329815A1 (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-05-27 | Balency Briard | Attachment of facing panels to building subframe - using tie rods at top anchored to plates cast into panels and frame |
| AU4287385A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-11-28 | Pryda (Aust) Pty Ltd | Cyclonic wall fixings |
| US4563852A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-01-14 | Irving Achtenberg | Method of reinforcing concrete block foundation walls |
| SU1283411A1 (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-15 | Криворожский горнорудный институт | Yieldable roof bolt |
| GB2290119A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1995-12-13 | Jennmar Corp | Flexible rock bolt |
| JP2003064766A (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-05 | Nippon Kaiser Kk | Precast concrete wall and its construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2329207B1 (en) | 2010-09-13 |
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