ES2315210B1 - INTEGRAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE. - Google Patents
INTEGRAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2315210B1 ES2315210B1 ES200802511A ES200802511A ES2315210B1 ES 2315210 B1 ES2315210 B1 ES 2315210B1 ES 200802511 A ES200802511 A ES 200802511A ES 200802511 A ES200802511 A ES 200802511A ES 2315210 B1 ES2315210 B1 ES 2315210B1
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- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- jácenas
- prefabricated
- plates
- construction system
- lintels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
- E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
- E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B1/215—Connections specially adapted therefor comprising metallic plates or parts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
Sistema integral de construcción de la estructura de viviendas y similares.Integral system of construction of the housing structure and the like.
Sobre una losa de cimentación (1) y a través de placas de anclaje embutidas en la misma se establecen pilares prefabricados (3) dotados de cortas ménsulas laterales (4), para apoyo y fijación de dinteles o jácenas (5), también prefabricadas, que arriostran la estructura y que constituyen, con un perfil en "L", los elementos de apoyo para placas auto-portantes (7), también prefabricadas, que se complementan con un zuncho perimetral (9) de atado y con un mallazo de reparto (11), sobre los que finalmente se vierte el hormigón constitutivo de capa de compresión, para repetir este proceso en sucesivos forjados, en el caso de que estos existan. El sistema constructivo elimina la clásica necesidad de puntales de sustentación para los forjados, acortando la duración de la obra, mejorando la seguridad y acortando también drásticamente el tiempo de realización de la misma.On a foundation slab (1) and through anchor plates embedded in it are established pillars prefabricated (3) equipped with short lateral brackets (4), for support and fixing lintels or jácenas (5), also prefabricated, that bracing the structure and that constitute, with a profile in "L", the support elements for plates self-supporting (7), also prefabricated, which complement with a perimeter strap (9) of tied and with a mesh of distribution (11), on which the concrete is finally poured constituent of compression layer, to repeat this process in successive forged, in the event that they exist. The system constructive eliminates the classic need for struts of lift for the slabs, shortening the duration of the work, improving security and also drastically shortening the time of realization of it.
Description
Sistema integral de construcción de la estructura de viviendas y similares.Integral system of construction of the housing structure and the like.
La presente invención se refiere a un nuevo sistema constructivo especialmente concebido para la ejecución de viviendas unifamiliares, que no obstante puede hacerse extensivo a cualquier otro tipo de vivienda o edificio, preferentemente de una o dos plantas.The present invention relates to a new construction system specially designed for the execution of single-family homes, which however can be extended to any other type of housing or building, preferably of a or two floors.
El objeto de la invención es conseguir la eliminación de los clásicos puntales, así como los encofrados tradicionales, necesarios en cualquier sistema de construcción clásica para sustentación de los encofrados correspondientes a los forjados, con la consecuente simplificación de la obra y acortamiento del tiempo de ejecución de la misma.The object of the invention is to achieve the elimination of the classic props, as well as the formwork traditional, necessary in any construction system classical formwork support corresponding to the forged, with the consequent simplification of the work and shortening the execution time of it.
Con esporádicas excepciones en las que se utilizan elementos modulares y prefabricados, en la inmensa mayoría de los casos se sigue manteniendo el sistema constructivo convencional, en el que para la obtención de los forjados del edificio se utilizan encofrados planos que deben ser sustentados por una gran cantidad de puntales durante el proceso de fraguado del hormigón.With sporadic exceptions in which they use modular and prefabricated elements, in the vast majority of the cases the construction system is still maintained conventional, in which to obtain the floor slabs building flat formworks are used that must be supported by a large number of struts during the setting process of concrete.
Especialmente la implantación de dichos puntales y encofrados, y también la posterior retirada de los mismos, supone por un lado un considerable consumo de tiempo y mano de obra, a lo que hay que añadir además el tiempo de fraguado del hormigón durante el que la obra permanece "muerta".Especially the implementation of said struts and formwork, and also the subsequent withdrawal thereof, supposes on the one hand a considerable consumption of time and labor, at that the concrete setting time must also be added during which the work remains "dead".
El sistema constructivo que la invención propone resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta, acortando drásticamente el tiempo de ejecución de la estructura del edificio, reducción que puede cifrarse en el orden del 40%.The constructive system that the invention proposes solves the problem fully satisfactorily previously exposed, drastically shortening the time of execution of the building structure, reduction that can be encrypted in the order of 40%.
Paralelamente dicho sistema aporta una serie de ventajas tales como una mayor calidad y durabilidad de la estructura, hace que la construcción resulte más sencilla, con un notable abaratamiento de costos como anteriormente se ha dicho, y además en unas condiciones de trabajo para los operarios de mayor seguridad.In parallel, this system provides a series of advantages such as higher quality and durability of the structure, makes construction easier, with a notable cost reduction as previously stated, and also in working conditions for older workers security.
Para ello y de forma más concreta el sistema que se preconiza parte de la clásica losa de cimentación sobre la que se establece los pilares necesarios y adecuadamente distribuidos, con la particularidad de que dichos pilares cuentan, a nivel de los puntos sobre los que han de ubicarse los forjados, salientes laterales o ménsulas cortas, destinados al apoyo de las jácenas, pilares que podrán ser indistintamente de hormigón o de acero, en cualquier caso prefabricados y previstos en correspondencia con dichas ménsulas de placas de anclaje embutidas.To do this and more specifically the system that part of the classic foundation slab on which the necessary and properly distributed pillars are established, with the particularity that these pillars have, at the level of points on which the slabs are to be located, outgoing lateral or short brackets, intended for the support of the jácenas, pillars that may be indistinctly of concrete or steel, in any prefabricated and planned cases in correspondence with said anchorage plate brackets embedded.
Los pilares se relacionan entre sí a través de las citadas jácenas, igualmente prefabricadas y con un perfil en "L", y seguidamente, apoyando sobre las mismas, se establecen placas auto-portantes igualmente prefabricadas.The pillars relate to each other through the aforementioned jácenas, also prefabricated and with a profile in "L", and then, supporting them, they establish self-supporting plates equally prefabricated.
Estas placas autoportantes actúan como encofrado para el posterior vertido del hormigón constitutivo de la capa de compresión, con aportación a la misma de los zunchos de atado y borde, así como de un mallazo de reparto y de la correspondiente armadura de negativos.These self-supporting plates act as formwork for the subsequent pouring of the concrete constituting the layer of compression, with the contribution to it of the tied ties and edge, as well as a cast net and the corresponding negative armor
Tras el vertido del hormigón y en el caso de que el edificio sea de dos plantas se repite el proceso descrito para conseguir el forjado de cubiertaAfter the pouring of concrete and in the event that the building is of two floors the process described is repeated for get deck slab
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of that description, a set of drawings where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:
La figura 1.- Muestra, según una representación esquemática en perspectiva, la losa de cimentación con la que se inicia el sistema constructivo objeto de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo de realización práctica para una vivienda unifamiliar de ochenta metros cuadrados en dos plantas.Figure 1.- Shows, according to a representation schematic in perspective, the foundation slab with which starts the construction system object of the invention, according with an example of practical realization for a house single family of eighty square meters on two floors.
La figura 2.- Muestra la misma losa de la figura anterior tras la implantación sobre la misma de los pilares.Figure 2.- Shows the same slab of the figure anterior after implantation on it of the pillars.
La figura 3.- Muestra un detalle en alzado lateral de uno de dichos pilares.Figure 3.- Shows an elevation detail side of one of said pillars.
La figura 4.- Muestra la siguiente fase constructiva a la de acoplamiento a los pilares de los dinteles o jácenas correspondientes a la primera planta.Figure 4.- Shows the next phase constructive to the coupling to the pillars of the lintels or jácenas corresponding to the first floor.
La figura 5.- Muestra, según una representación similar a las de las figuras anteriores, la disposición de las placas auto-portantes correspondientes también a dicha primera planta.Figure 5.- Shows, according to a representation similar to those of the previous figures, the arrangement of self-supporting plates also corresponding to said first floor.
La figura 6.- Muestra la siguiente fase operativa del sistema en la que al forjado de la primera planta se han incorporado los zunchos de atado.Figure 6.- Shows the next phase operating system in which the floor of the first floor is They have incorporated the tied ties.
La figura 7.- Muestra el conjunto de la figura anterior tras la incorporación al forjado del mallazo de reparto.Figure 7.- Shows the assembly of the figure previous after incorporation to the slab of the mesh of distribution.
La figura 8.- Muestra el mismo conjunto de la figura anterior tras el hormigonado de la capa de compresión.Figure 8.- Shows the same set of the previous figure after concreting the compression layer.
La figura 9.- Muestra el inicio de la fase inicial de construcción del segundo forjado, idéntica a la de la figura 4, y a partir de la cual se repite el mismo proceso.Figure 9.- Shows the beginning of the phase initial construction of the second floor, identical to that of the Figure 4, and from which the same process is repeated.
Tal como anteriormente se ha dicho, en la figura
1, se ha representado la losa de cimentación de la vivienda
unifamiliar a construir, losa que se obtiene mediante vertido de
hormigón en una excavación previa del terreno y tras la extensión
de la clásica capa de zahorra y hormigón de limpieza, losa (1) con
un espesor comprendido entre 40 y
50 cm, en la que quedan
embutidas placas de anclaje (2) en correspondencia con los puntos en
los que estén previstos o proyectados los pilares (3) que se anclan
a dichas placas (2).As previously stated, in figure 1, the foundation slab of the single-family house to be built has been represented, slab that is obtained by pouring concrete in a previous excavation of the land and after the extension of the classic layer of zahorra and cleaning concrete, slab (1) with a thickness between 40 and
50 cm, in which anchor plates (2) are embedded in correspondence with the points where the pillars (3) that are anchored to said plates (2) are provided or projected.
Los pilares constituyen elementos prefabricados, indistintamente de hormigón o de acero, provistos de pequeños salientes laterales o ménsulas (4) situadas a nivel de los forjados y destinadas al apoyo de las jácenas o dinteles (5).The pillars constitute prefabricated elements, indistinctly of concrete or steel, provided with small lateral projections or brackets (4) located at floor level and intended to support the jácenas or lintels (5).
Las citadas ménsulas (4) están provistas de placas de anclaje embutidas (6), tal como muestra la figura 3, de perfil en "L", para apoyo y fijación de las jácenas o dinteles (5), también prefabricados y destinados a soldarse a los pilares, arriostrando la estructura.The cited brackets (4) are provided with embedded anchor plates (6), as shown in Figure 3, of "L" profile, for support and fixation of the jácenas or lintels (5), also prefabricated and intended to be welded to the pillars, Bracing the structure.
Los dinteles (5) poseen una longitud menor que la distancia libre entre pilares, para facilitar su puesta en obra. En el hueco entre jácena y pilar se coloca un molde "universal" en forma de "L", fijado a las mismas, de tal forma que sirva de cierre al hormigón, posteriormente vertido "in situ", que formará la capa de compresión sin necesidad de encofrado, como se verá más adelante.The lintels (5) have a length less than the free distance between pillars, to facilitate their implementation. In the gap between jacena and pillar a "universal" mold in the form of "L" is placed, fixed to them, so that it serves as a closure to the concrete, then poured " in situ ", which will form the compression layer without need formwork, as will be seen later.
Una vez fijadas las jácenas (5) se procede a la ejecución del forjado mediante el empleo de placas auto-portantes (7), también prefabricadas, que se extienden entre jácenas paralelas y próximas, dejando con la rama vertical de estas últimas un espacio libre (8), en cada extremo, para ejecución "in situ" del zuncho de atado (9) que afecta a todo el perímetro del forjado, tal como muestra la figura 6.Once the jácenas (5) are fixed, the slab is executed by using self-supporting plates (7), also prefabricated, that extend between parallel and nearby jácenas, leaving a free space with the vertical branch of the latter. (8), at each end, for " in situ " execution of the tie-down strap (9) that affects the entire perimeter of the floor, as shown in Figure 6.
En este caso específico de dos plantas, sobre el primer forjado se establecerá un hueco de escalera (10) en correspondencia con el cual se coloca un encofrado de chapas metálicas abrochadas entre sí para facilitar el desencofrado, fijadas con sargentos.In this specific case of two plants, on the first forged a stairwell (10) will be established in correspondence with which a sheet formwork is placed metal fastened together to facilitate the removal of formwork, set with sergeants.
Seguidamente y tal como muestra la figura 7 se coloca el clásico mallazo de reparto (11) y la armadura de negativos correspondiente, para proceder finalmente y tal como muestra la figura 8, a la aportación del hormigón (12), que lógicamente deja libre el hueco (10) de la escalera y en el que quedarán empotradas las instalaciones que sean necesarias.Then, as shown in Figure 7, place the classic cast net (11) and the armor of corresponding negatives, to proceed finally and such as shows figure 8, to the contribution of concrete (12), which logically it leaves free the hollow (10) of the stairs and in which the necessary facilities will be embedded.
A continuación y tal como muestra la figura 9, se procede a repetir la misma secuencia operativa para el forjado de cubierta, comenzando como en el caso anterior con la colocación de los dinteles (5'), habiéndose omitido deliberadamente la representación gráfica de las fases operativas correspondientes a este forjado de cubierta, por considerarse innecesarias ante la absoluta identidad fijada que existe entre el proceso constructivo del forjado de cubierta y el forjado de la primera planta.Next and as shown in Figure 9, the same operating sequence is repeated for the slab of cover, starting as in the previous case with the placement of the lintels (5 '), having deliberately omitted the graphic representation of the operational phases corresponding to this roof slab, because it is considered unnecessary before the absolute fixed identity that exists between the construction process of the roof slab and the slab of the first floor.
Como se deduce de lo anteriormente expuesto, el proceso constructivo se lleva a cabo en ausencia de los clásicos puntales para sustentación de los forjados durante el fraguado del hormigón, lo que supone que para una vivienda unifamiliar como la del ejemplo de realización práctica de los dibujos, mientras que con los sistemas convencionales de construcción la obtención de la estructura ocupa un tiempo aproximado de siete semanas, dicho tiempo se reduce a cuatro con el sistema de la invención y ello, como anteriormente se ha dicho, con una mayor calidad en la estructura, con una mayor seguridad para los operarios y con una notable reducción de plazo y costes.As follows from the above, the construction process is carried out in the absence of the classics props for supporting the slabs during the setting of the concrete, which means that for a single-family home like the of the practical embodiment example of the drawings, while with conventional construction systems obtaining the structure takes approximately seven weeks, said time is reduced to four with the system of the invention and that, as previously stated, with a higher quality in the structure, with greater safety for operators and with a notable reduction of term and costs.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200802511A ES2315210B1 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2008-08-28 | INTEGRAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200802511A ES2315210B1 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2008-08-28 | INTEGRAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2315210A1 ES2315210A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 |
| ES2315210B1 true ES2315210B1 (en) | 2010-03-16 |
Family
ID=40410174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200802511A Expired - Fee Related ES2315210B1 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2008-08-28 | INTEGRAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF HOUSING AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2315210B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB118058A (en) * | ||||
| GB560006A (en) * | 1942-09-11 | 1944-03-15 | Ernest Schaufelberg | Improvements in and relating to pre-fabricated structural elements and to buildings made therefrom |
| US3495371A (en) * | 1969-06-11 | 1970-02-17 | Neal B Mitchell Jr | Prefabricated concrete structure |
| FR2282514A1 (en) * | 1974-08-21 | 1976-03-19 | Foulquier Set | Structural framework using prefabricated elements - has male and female couplings cast in for ease of erection |
| FR2295181A1 (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-07-16 | Const Ind | Construction with prefabricated sections - uses corbelled columns enabling completion of several stories simultaneously |
| US4616459A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1986-10-14 | Calvin Shubow | Building construction using hollow core wall |
| US4583336A (en) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-04-22 | The Austin Company | Joint of preformed concrete elements |
-
2008
- 2008-08-28 ES ES200802511A patent/ES2315210B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2315210A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 |
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