ES2244575T3 - Repuesto de un disco intervertebral para el nucleo de un disco intervertebral. - Google Patents

Repuesto de un disco intervertebral para el nucleo de un disco intervertebral.

Info

Publication number
ES2244575T3
ES2244575T3 ES01810416T ES01810416T ES2244575T3 ES 2244575 T3 ES2244575 T3 ES 2244575T3 ES 01810416 T ES01810416 T ES 01810416T ES 01810416 T ES01810416 T ES 01810416T ES 2244575 T3 ES2244575 T3 ES 2244575T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
spiral
hydrogel
intervertebral disc
replacement according
disc replacement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES01810416T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Armin Studer
Nicolas Scharer
Jean-Louis Husson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zimmer GmbH
Original Assignee
Zimmer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zimmer GmbH filed Critical Zimmer GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2244575T3 publication Critical patent/ES2244575T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/52Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
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    • A61F2002/30317The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis
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Abstract

Repuesto de disco intervertebral para el núcleo de un disco intervertebral, con una espiral plana (2) de material sintético que puede alargarse de forma oblonga con herramientas auxiliares y que, en estado sin fuerzas, se arrolla automáticamente en su forma de espiral caracterizado porque la espiral (2) presenta, a lo largo de su cuerpo arrollado (3, 4, 5), en su cara superior o inferior (18, 19) uno o varios cuerpos (9, 10, 11) de un hidrogel los cuales, mediante la absorción de agua, aumentan su volumen y sobresalen de la cara superior (18) o de la cara inferior (19) de la espiral (2).

Description

Repuesto de un disco intervertebral para el núcleo de un disco intervertebral.
La invención se refiere a un repuesto de disco intervertebral para el núcleo de un disco intervertebral, con una espiral plana de material sintético que puede alargarse de forma oblonga con herramientas auxiliares y que, en estado sin fuerzas, se arrolla automáticamente en su forma de espiral.
Al introducir la espiral que se enrolla por sí misma en una cavidad, la espiral llena completamente la sección transversal en dirección radial, a causa del avance adicional de espiras helicoidales. En la dirección de eje de la espiral, sin embargo, la altura permanece invariable y queda en dirección axial, tras la inserción, una holgura mínima necesaria para la inserción. Ejemplos de un repuesto de disco intervertebral de este tipo se ofrecen en los documentos US 386 77 28 y US 591 92 35.
La misión de la invención consiste es mejorar este estado. Esta misión es resuelta por medio de que la espiral presenta, a lo largo de su cuerpo arrollado, en su cara superior o inferior uno o varios cuerpos de un hidrogel los cuales, mediante la absorción de agua, aumentan su volumen y sobresalen de la cara superior o de la cara inferior de la espiral.
Una disposición así tiene la ventaja de que en dirección axial no sólo se produce un contacto, sino que en dirección axial se crea una presión. Si el o los cuerpos de hidrogel, tras el hinchazón de la cara superior o inferior de la espiral, ofrecen todavía además una estructura diferente de un plano, esto contribuye a anclar las diferentes espiras de la espiral. Visto a largo plazo existe un menor riesgo de que la espiral se deforme radialmente hacia fuera bajo una presión axial, por medio de que las espiras pueden desplazarse unas con respecto a otras de forma deslizan-
te.
De las reivindicaciones subordinadas 2 a 13 se deducen perfeccionamientos ventajosos de las invenciones. De este modo, la búsqueda de materiales sintéticos adecuados para una espiral que se arrolle por sí misma ha dado como resultado que un policarbonaturetano es muy apropiado para su fabricación, mientras que los hidrogeles de PVP (polivinilpirrolidona), PVA (polialcoholvinílico), PAN (poliacrilnitrilo), PAM (poliacriamida) o PHEMA (polihidroxietilmetracrilato).
Si los cuerpos de hidrogel se insertan como cuerpos aislados en escotaduras o boquetes de la espiral, por ejemplo en forma de espigas, su altura puede elegirse mayor que su diámetro para conseguir, fundamentalmente, un aumento mediante hinchazón en la dirección axial de la espiral. Otra ventaja se obtiene si estas espigas están posicionados, no sobre la línea central, sino más hacia la cara exterior de una espira. En cuanto la espiga genera una determinada tensión previa, cede la cara exterior con el menor grosor de pared y se produce una curvatura adicio-
nal.
Puede conseguirse otro efecto si los cuerpos de hidrogel, es decir por ejemplo las espigas, en la región del centro de la espiral sobresalen más que un borde de la espiral para generar una superficie envolvente convexa sobre las espigas. La ventaja de una superficie envolvente de este tipo estriba en que puede desplazarse menos con respecto a su contrasuperficie y que también transmite determinadas fuerzas de empuje.
Sin embargo, también puede discurrir un cuerpo de hidrogel a lo largo de la espiral sobre la cara superior y/o la cara inferior para generar, sobre un número determinado de espiras, un aumento de volumen en la dirección del eje de la espiral. Para esto existe una acanaladura a lo largo de la espiral, que puede estar destalonada para introducir una cinta de hidrogel ajustada. El cuerpo de hidrogel de tipo gusano introducido puede estar compuesto con ello de cuerpos aislados, que se mantienen unidos con respecto a la cara interior de la espira mediante una cinta que no se hincha, pero que hacen contacto entre ellos en dirección longitudinal. Un cuerpo de hidrogel de este tipo metido a presión en una acanaladura también apoyará la curvatura de la espiral con la hincha-
zón.
Un efecto similar se produce si sobre las espiral están enfilados cuerpos de hidrogel anulares, que hacen contacto mutuo en estado deshidratado a lo largo de la espiral sólo sobre la cara exterior de una espira y, en el caso de hinchazón, generan presión sobre la cara exterior para apoyar la curvatura de la
espiral.
Otra posibilidad estriba, en el caso de una cinta de hidrogel de tipo gusano, en cortar mechas sobre la cara interior y a continuación meter a presión o pegar la cinta en una acanaladura longitudinal de la espiral.
Otra posibilidad consiste en apilar piezas de hidrogel y espirales de material sintético en la dirección axial y convertirlas, mediante pegado o unión por fundición, en una estructura tipo sandwich, en donde también aquí cortes de mechas en las piezas de hidrogel helicoidales sobre la cara interior de la espiral facilitan una extensión de la espiral antes de su introducción en una cavidad y, con la hinchazón, apoyan una curvatura de la espiral.
A continuación se describe la invención con base en ejemplos de ejecución. Aquí muestran:
La fig. 1, esquemáticamente, la vista en planta sobre una espiral con una multitud de cuerpos de hidrogel que están insertados en la espiral en la dirección del eje de espiral;
La fig. 2, esquemáticamente, un corte a lo largo del eje de la espiral de la figura 1;
La fig. 3, esquemáticamente, una vista de una ejecución como en la figura 1;
La fig. 4, esquemáticamente, una vista análoga a la fig. 3 con cuerpos de hidrogel helicoidales, que están fijados sobre la cara superior y la cara inferior de la espiral;
La fig. 5, esquemáticamente, un corte a través de una espira helicoidal con una espiga de hidrogel, que está insertado en un boquete de la espiral;
La fig. 6, esquemáticamente, un corte a través de una espira helicoidal que está circundada, en la región del corte, por un cuerpo de hidrogel anular;
La fig. 7, esquemáticamente, un corte a través de una espira helicoidal con espigas de hidrogel insertadas en escotaduras sobre la cara superior y la cara inferior;
Las figs. 8, 9, 10, 12 y 13, esquemáticamente, un corte a través de una espira helicoidal con cuerpos de hidrogel helicoidales, que se introduce en acanaladuras destalonadas en la espiral;
Las figs. 11, 14 y 15, esquemáticamente, un corte a través de una espira helicoidal, en la que piezas de hidrogel helicoidales están unidas a una o dos espirales mediante un pegamento o mediante unión por fundición; y
La fig. 15, esquemáticamente, un corte a través de una espira helicoidal en forma de una estructura tipo sandwich de espirales de material sintético y espiras de hidrogel, que están unidas mutuamente mediante pegado o unión por fundición.
Con las figuras se muestra un repuesto de disco intervertebral para el núcleo de un disco intervertebral, que se compone de una espiral plana 2 de material sintético, la cual puede alargarse de forma oblonga con herramientas auxiliares y que, en estado sin fuerzas, se arrolla automáticamente en su forma de espiral. La espiral 2 está unida a lo largo de su cuerpo arrollado 3, 4, 5, sobre la cara superior o inferior 18, 19, a uno o varios cuerpos 9, 10, 11 de un hidrogel que, mediante la absorción de agua, aumentan su volumen y sobresalen de la cara superior 18 o cara inferior 19 de la espiral 2.
El ejemplo de ejecución de las figuras 1, 2, 3 muestra una espiral 2 de material sintético como la que se describe en el documento U.S.5,919,235, con una parte central 1 a la que se conectan algunas espiras helicoidales 3 gruesas en dirección radial, con una transición 4 en la que se reduce la anchura radial B de las espiras 5 y con un extremo 6 de las espiras, al que se ha aplicado una rigidización 7. la altura H y el diámetro D de la espiral arrollada 2 se corresponden con las dimensiones de un núcleo de disco intervertebral. Los marcadores metálicos 8 permiten un control de posición con transiluminación. En la parte central 1 y en las espiras helicoidales 3 con gran anchura radial B se han aplicado escotaduras 12 sobre la cara superior 18 y sobre la cara inferior 19. Las espigas pueden quedar enrasadas, en estado deshidratado, con la superficie de la espiral 2 sobre las caras superior e inferior 18, 19. Con la absorción de agua crecen las espigas, en donde el crecimiento hacia arriba o hacia abajo depende mucho, en comparación con el crecimiento radial de las espigas, de en qué medida la longitud de las espigas es mayor que su diámetro. Una espiral 2 implantada en la cavidad que tiene suficiente holgura sobre la cara superior y la inferior para arrollarse por sí misma, se enchaveta adicionalmente sobre su cara superior o inferior cuando las espigas de hidrogel insertadas se hinchan en presencia de
agua.
En la figura 7 la altura del cuerpo de hidrogel 11, repartido en la dirección longitudinal 20 en la espira helicoidal 3 en escotaduras 12, se corresponde aproximadamente a su diámetro. En la figura 5 se han repartido cuerpos de hidrogel 11 pasantes en dirección longitudinal 20, en boquetes 13 cuya altura se corresponde con un múltiplo de su diámetro. El espesor de pared 22 sobre la cara exterior de la espira helicodal 3 es menor que sobre la cara interior, para conseguir con la hinchazón del cuerpo de hidrogel 11 un mayor alargamiento en la pared lateral más estrecha y un apoyo a la curvatura.
En el ejemplo de ejecución de la figura 4 se han fijado en la región de las espiras helicoidales 3, sobre la cara superior 18 y sobre la cara inferior 19, cuerpos de hidrogel de tipo gusano, en acanaladuras de la espiral 2. Aparte de esto se han insertado en la parte central 1 cuerpos de hidrogel 11 separados, análogamente a la figura 3. A la región de las espiras helicoidales anchas 3 se conecta una transición 4 a espiras helicoidales 5 más estrechas, a cuyo extremo se ha fijado una rigidización 7 que facilita la introducción de la espiral en estado recto.
La fijación y la estructura de este cuerpo de hidrogel 9, 10 de tipo gusano depende en gran medida de su elasticidad, ya que la espiral enrollada con los cuerpos de hidrogel 9, 10 deben alargarse para insertarse en una cavidad. Un hidrogel 9 elástico en estado deshidratado puede cortarse como espiral y, como en la figura 13, meterse a presión en una escotadura 12 en forma de una acanaladura destalonada de la espiral de material sintético 3. En la figura 13 se ha indicado con líneas fantasmas la hinchazón y la modificación de forma del cuerpo de hidrogel 9 y de la espira helicoidal 3.
Las figuras 8, 10 y 12 muestran igualmente cuerpos de hidrogel 9, 10 como espiras pasantes, que se han introducido en escotaduras 12 en forma de acanaladuras destalonadas. La fijación puede realizarse mediante el propio entrante socavado o mediante pegado o unión por fundición.
En el caso de cuerpos de hidrogel que son menos elásticos, la estructura de tipo gusano se divide en elementos que están unidos a través de puentes estrechos y por tanto bastante dúctiles. De este modo la figura 9 muestra un cuerpo de hidrogel 9 introducido en una escotadura 12, el cual se compone de cuerpos aislados que están unidos a una cinta 23 sobre la cara interior de la espira helicoidal 3, pero que presentan una distancia entre ellos que permite, en estado deshidratado, un enrollamiento y un estiramiento de la espiral 2. Si la distancia de estos cuerpos aislados entre sí es mayor sobre la cara interior, en donde está la cinta, se produce al hincharse los cuerpos aislados el primer contacto mutuo sobre la cara exterior, lo que apoya igualmente la curvatura de la espiral 2.
Un efecto similar se consigue con una disposición según las figuras 11 y 16, en las que cuerpos de hidrogel 9, 10, 15 de tipo gusano están unidos a las espiras helicoidales 3 a través de un pegamento 17 o mediante unión por fundición, pero presentan en la cara interior de la espiral cortes 24 en forma de mecha y, sobre la cara exterior, están unidos entre sí a través de un puente flexible 25. Al alargar la espiral 2 las espiras helicoidales 3 pueden ceder en la región de los cortes 24, mientras que al hincharse los cuerpos de hidrogel 9, 10, 15 se apoya la curvatura a través de los puentes 25.
En la figura 15 se muestra una estructura tipo sandwich de espiras helicoidales 3 de material sintético, apiladas unas sobre otras y unidas entre sí, y de piezas de hidrogel 15 helicoidales. Las piezas de hidrogel 15 tienen igualmente cortes 24 en forma de mecha en la cara interior de la espiral y puentes 25 sobre la cara exterior de la espiral, para facilitar un alargamiento de la espiral y, al hincharse las piezas de hidrogel, la curvatura de la espiral. La unión de las diferentes capas se realiza mediante un pegamento 17 o mediante unión por fundición. La unión por fundición se realiza mediante calentamiento de una de las dos superficies antes de la compresión mediante radiación térmica o mediante aire caliente.
En la figura 14 se presenta una estructura tipo sandwich de forma análoga a la figura 15, en donde dos espiras helicoidales 3 acogen entre ellas una espiga de hidrogel 15 helicoidal.
En la figura 6 se muestra otro ejemplo, en el que están enfilados cuerpos anulares 14 de hidrogel - como perlas sobre un cordón - sobre una espira helicoidal 3. Los cuerpos de hidrogel anulares 14 poseen, sobre la cara exterior de la espiral, resaltes que sobresalen en dirección longitudinal 20, para distanciar los cuerpos de hidrogel, y sobre la cara superior escalones 21 que pueden fijarse en una contrasuperficie.

Claims (13)

1. Repuesto de disco intervertebral para el núcleo de un disco intervertebral, con una espiral plana (2) de material sintético que puede alargarse de forma oblonga con herramientas auxiliares y que, en estado sin fuerzas, se arrolla automáticamente en su forma de espiral caracterizado porque la espiral (2) presenta, a lo largo de su cuerpo arrollado (3, 4, 5), en su cara superior o inferior (18, 19) uno o varios cuerpos (9, 10, 11) de un hidrogel los cuales, mediante la absorción de agua, aumentan su volumen y sobresalen de la cara superior (18) o de la cara inferior (19) de la espiral (2).
2. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la espiral (2) se compone de un policarbonaturetano.
3. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque el o los cuerpos de hidrogel (9, 10, 11) se componen de PVP (polivinilpirrolidona), PVA (polialcoholvinílico), PAN (poliacrilnitrilo), PAM (poliacriamida) o PHEMA (polihidroxietilmetracrilato).
4. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque se han insertado varios cuerpos aislados (11) de hidrogel a lo largo de la espiral (2), sobre la cara superior (18) o sobre la cara inferior (19), en escotaduras (12) de la espiral (2).
5. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque se han insertado en boquetes (13) cuerpos aislados (11) de hidrogel a lo largo de la espiral.
6. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque sobre la cara superior o sobre la cara inferior se extiende un cuerpo de hidrogel (9, 10) a lo largo de la espiral (2) y está unido a la misma.
7. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque la espiral está circundada, en dirección longitudinal (20), por uno o varios cuerpos de hidrogel (14) anulares a lo largo de una longitud prefijada.
8. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque varias espirales (2) de material sintético y varias piezas de hidrogel (15) helicoidales están unidas en una estructura tipo sandwich (16).
9. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado porque espirales y piezas de hidrogel están unidas mediante un pegamento elástico (17).
10. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado porque espirales (2) y piezas de hidrogel (9, 10, 11) están unidas entre sí mediante unión por fundición.
11. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque espiras (3) de la espiral (2) presentan, sobre su cara superior o inferior (18, 19) en dirección longitudinal (20), un escalonamiento (21) en estado hinchado del cuerpo de hidrogel (9, 10, 11).
12. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según la reivindicación 4 ó 5, caracterizado porque los cuerpos aislados (11) están insertados en escotaduras (12) o boquetes (13), que presentan un espesor de pared (22) en la cara exterior menor que en la cara interior de la espiral (2), para reforzar el efecto de enrollamiento.
13. Repuesto de disco intervertebral según una de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el o los cuerpos de hidrogel (9, 10, 11) sobresalen más en el centro de la espiral, para formar una superficie envolvente convexa.
ES01810416T 2000-05-26 2001-04-27 Repuesto de un disco intervertebral para el nucleo de un disco intervertebral. Expired - Lifetime ES2244575T3 (es)

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JP2002028171A (ja) 2002-01-29

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