ES2109132A1 - Biela de acero forjado. - Google Patents

Biela de acero forjado.

Info

Publication number
ES2109132A1
ES2109132A1 ES9400677A ES9400677A ES2109132A1 ES 2109132 A1 ES2109132 A1 ES 2109132A1 ES 9400677 A ES9400677 A ES 9400677A ES 9400677 A ES9400677 A ES 9400677A ES 2109132 A1 ES2109132 A1 ES 2109132A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
forged
steel connecting
eye
intentional
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
ES9400677A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
ES2109132B1 (es
Inventor
Horst Wittenstein
Hendrik Muntinga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hammerwek Schulte & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Hammerwek Schulte & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19934311108 external-priority patent/DE4311108C1/de
Application filed by Hammerwek Schulte & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Hammerwek Schulte & Co KG GmbH
Publication of ES2109132A1 publication Critical patent/ES2109132A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2109132B1 publication Critical patent/ES2109132B1/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
    • F16C9/045Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof the bearing cap of the connecting rod being split by fracturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/76Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
    • B21K1/766Connecting rods
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23DPLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D31/00Shearing machines or shearing devices covered by none or more than one of the groups B23D15/00 - B23D29/00; Combinations of shearing machines
    • B23D31/002Breaking machines, i.e. pre-cutting and subsequent breaking
    • B23D31/003Breaking machines, i.e. pre-cutting and subsequent breaking for rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/023Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/02General use or purpose, i.e. no use, purpose, special adaptation or modification indicated or a wide variety of uses mentioned
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/10Methods
    • Y10T225/12With preliminary weakening
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/371Movable breaking tool
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49288Connecting rod making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/4979Breaking through weakened portion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49792Dividing through modified portion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49794Dividing on common outline
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49796Coacting pieces

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

BIELA DE ACERO FORJADO. PARA CREAR UNA BIELA DE ACERO FORJADO CON UN BUJE DE CIGUEÑAL DOTADO DE UN AGUJERO GRANDE, UNA CAÑA ESTRECHA QUE PARTE DE ESTE Y UN BUJE DE BALON DE PISTON EN EL OTRO EXTREMO DE LA CAÑA, ESTANDO FORMADO EN AL MENOS UNA ZONA DEL BAJE DEL CIGUEÑAL ORIENTADA EN DIRECCION TRANSVERSAL A LA EXTENSION LONGITUDINAL DE LA CAÑA Y CENTRADA CON RESPECTO AL AGUJERO DEL BUJE DEL CIGUEÑAL UN PUNTO DE ROTURA NOMINAL EN EL QUE SE PUEDE ROMPER EL BUJE DEL CIGUEÑAL DESCOMPONIENDOSE EN UNA TAPA DE BIELA Y UN VASTAGO DE BIELA, EN CUYA BIELA PUEDA TENER LUGAR LA FRACTURACION DE MANERA EN SI CONOCIDA, PERO LA CUAL PUEDA FABRICARSE A UN PRECIO MAS BARATO JUNTO CON EL AHORRO DE OPERACIONES ADICIONALES, SE PROPONE QUE EL PUNTO DE ROTURA NOMINAL ESTE FORMADO POR UNA GRIETA DE FISURACION MOLDEADA (6) QUE ESTE PRACTICADA AL MENOS EN UN LADO DEL BAJE (2) DEL CIGUEÑAL.
ES9400677A 1993-04-05 1994-03-29 Biela de acero forjado. Expired - Fee Related ES2109132B1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934311108 DE4311108C1 (de) 1993-04-05 1993-04-05 Aus Stahl geschmiedetes Pleuel
DE19934322832 DE4322832C2 (de) 1993-04-05 1993-07-08 Aus Stahl geschmiedetes Pleuel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2109132A1 true ES2109132A1 (es) 1998-01-01
ES2109132B1 ES2109132B1 (es) 1998-08-01

Family

ID=25924671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES9400677A Expired - Fee Related ES2109132B1 (es) 1993-04-05 1994-03-29 Biela de acero forjado.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5507093A (es)
DE (1) DE4322832C2 (es)
ES (1) ES2109132B1 (es)
FR (1) FR2703738B1 (es)
GB (1) GB2276931B (es)
IT (1) IT1273403B (es)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4442062A1 (de) * 1994-11-25 1996-05-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zum Bruchtrennen eines Bauteiles in einer Durchbrechung benachbarten Querschnitten, insbesondere geteilte Lageranordnungen, vorzugsweise Pleuel von Hubkolbenmaschinen
DE19547338A1 (de) * 1995-01-09 1996-10-31 Fischer Georg Fahrzeugtech Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Pleuels
DE19531365C2 (de) * 1995-08-25 1998-11-05 Knorr Bremse Systeme Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Pleuelstange, insbesondere für Kompressoren
DE19547388A1 (de) * 1995-12-19 1997-06-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Herstellverfahren für ein Guß-Maschinenteil mit einer durch Bruchtrennen mehrteilig gestalteten Lageranordnung
FR2746683B1 (fr) * 1996-03-29 1998-04-30 Ascoforge Safe Procede de fabrication d'une ebauche de bielle forgee
DE69813920T3 (de) * 1997-02-04 2006-08-03 Daido Tokushuko K.K., Nagoya Hochfester nicht-thermischer Frischstahl für Warmschmieden
DE19731625A1 (de) 1997-03-04 1998-09-10 Volkswagen Ag Lagerwerkstoff in einem Pleuelauge
EP0991868A1 (en) * 1997-04-17 2000-04-12 The Timken Company Rotary air bearing and process for manufacturing the same
EP0993382B1 (de) * 1998-05-07 2002-12-18 ZF Lemförder Metallwaren AG Achsaufhängung für starrachsen in fahrzeugen
DE19829147A1 (de) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Volkswagen Ag Bauteil und Verfahren zum Trennen eines Bauteiles
US6055884A (en) * 1998-11-03 2000-05-02 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Automobile connecting rod
US6217222B1 (en) 1998-11-18 2001-04-17 Skf Usa Inc. Notching construction and method
DE19854462A1 (de) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-15 Daimler Chrysler Ag Geteiltes Pleuel, insbesondere für Verbrennungsmaschinen und Verfahren zur Herstellung
US6427326B1 (en) * 1999-06-17 2002-08-06 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing connecting rod
CA2287140C (en) * 1999-10-13 2001-02-13 Sudip Bhattacharjee Process to fracture connecting rods and the like with resonance-fatigue
GB9925708D0 (en) * 1999-10-30 1999-12-29 Carey Charles O B A connecting rod/piston pin assembly
DE10021172A1 (de) * 2000-04-29 2001-06-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Geteiltes Pleuel, insbesondere für eine Verbrennungsmaschine
DE10035032C2 (de) * 2000-07-19 2002-09-19 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Pleuels
JP3642268B2 (ja) * 2000-08-24 2005-04-27 株式会社安永 コンロッドの破断装置
DE10131322A1 (de) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-23 Federal Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Asymmetrisch gebrochene Lager und Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Lager
US20030131683A1 (en) * 2001-12-19 2003-07-17 Glannone Michael D. Connecting rod for an internal combustion engine having a self-supporting integrated locking serration
WO2004011792A2 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-02-05 Cummins Inc. Connecting rod apparatus & method
US7159559B2 (en) * 2003-12-02 2007-01-09 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Split connecting rod, engine and vehicle
US7506573B2 (en) * 2006-10-05 2009-03-24 Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake Llc Mid-power spring brake actuator having fuse-collar design for safety
US8205332B2 (en) * 2008-12-08 2012-06-26 Mahle International Gmbh Method of forming a connecting rod from two dissimiliar materials by providing material blanks of dissimiliar material, joining the material blanks and subsequently forming the connecting rod
DE102010055518A1 (de) 2010-12-22 2012-06-28 Volkswagen Ag Lagerbuchse für eine Pleuelstange, Pleuelstange sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE102015009638A1 (de) 2015-07-24 2017-01-26 Man Truck & Bus Ag Geteiltes Lager und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Lagers
CN107664154A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-02-06 安庆中船柴油机有限公司 一种发动机连杆
DE102018123426A1 (de) * 2018-01-23 2019-07-25 ECO Holding 1 GmbH Pleuel für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit variabler Verdichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3818577A (en) * 1971-01-15 1974-06-25 Caterpillar Tractor Co Connecting rod manufacturing
EP0167320A2 (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-01-08 General Motors Corporation Method of making a split bearing assembly
US4693139A (en) * 1984-09-14 1987-09-15 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Connecting rod of reciprocating motion system and method for producing the same
US4754906A (en) * 1987-03-11 1988-07-05 Mts Systems Corporation System for manufacturing connecting rods
EP0507519A2 (en) * 1991-04-01 1992-10-07 Ford Motor Company Limited A method of making remateable cracked connecting rods
DE9305170U1 (de) * 1993-04-05 1993-07-08 Hammerwerk Schulte GmbH & Co. KG, 5970 Plettenberg Aus Stahl geschmiedetes Pleuel

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2553935A (en) * 1948-04-17 1951-05-22 F A Boucha Method of manufacturing connecting rods
US3751080A (en) * 1971-01-15 1973-08-07 Caterpillar Tractor Co Connecting rod manufacturing
US3730020A (en) * 1971-10-13 1973-05-01 Matteo V Di Connecting rod and cap construction
US4684267A (en) * 1984-07-02 1987-08-04 General Motors Corporation Split bearing assemblies
DE3502248C1 (de) * 1985-01-24 1986-05-07 Berchem & Schaberg Gmbh, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines einteiligen Kolbens fuer einen Verbrennungsmotor durch Schmieden
DE3614230C1 (de) * 1986-04-26 1987-08-27 Pelikan Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schreibdochten und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens
GB8610906D0 (en) * 1986-05-03 1986-06-11 Ford Motor Co Fracture splitting of light metal components
US4860419A (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-08-29 General Motors Corporation Split bearing assemblies, method for making
DE58901359D1 (de) * 1988-02-27 1992-06-17 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall Verfahren zur herstellung pulvergeschmiedeter bauteile.
US4993134A (en) * 1988-05-17 1991-02-19 Ford Motor Company Making a fractured powder metal connecting rod
US5109605A (en) * 1988-05-17 1992-05-05 Ford Motor Company Making a fractured powder metal connecting rod
US5208979A (en) * 1991-09-19 1993-05-11 Howard Schmidt Prefracture laser formation of a stress riser groove
DE9317323U1 (de) * 1993-11-16 1994-01-13 Brockhaus Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 58840 Plettenberg Pleuelstange aus Stahl mit beim Schmieden erzeugter Sollbruchstelle für das Bruchtrennen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3818577A (en) * 1971-01-15 1974-06-25 Caterpillar Tractor Co Connecting rod manufacturing
EP0167320A2 (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-01-08 General Motors Corporation Method of making a split bearing assembly
US4693139A (en) * 1984-09-14 1987-09-15 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Connecting rod of reciprocating motion system and method for producing the same
US4754906A (en) * 1987-03-11 1988-07-05 Mts Systems Corporation System for manufacturing connecting rods
EP0507519A2 (en) * 1991-04-01 1992-10-07 Ford Motor Company Limited A method of making remateable cracked connecting rods
DE9305170U1 (de) * 1993-04-05 1993-07-08 Hammerwerk Schulte GmbH & Co. KG, 5970 Plettenberg Aus Stahl geschmiedetes Pleuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2109132B1 (es) 1998-08-01
FR2703738A1 (fr) 1994-10-14
ITMI940626A1 (it) 1995-10-01
GB2276931B (en) 1996-07-17
GB2276931A (en) 1994-10-12
FR2703738B1 (fr) 1995-08-04
GB9405609D0 (en) 1994-05-11
IT1273403B (it) 1997-07-08
DE4322832A1 (de) 1995-01-19
ITMI940626A0 (it) 1994-03-31
DE4322832C2 (de) 1996-06-20
US5507093A (en) 1996-04-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2109132A1 (es) Biela de acero forjado.
ZA802140B (en) Cross tearable decorative sheet material
EA199900430A1 (ru) Тисненый материал
ZA90775B (en) Novel low oil potato chip constructions
CA2155407A1 (en) Surface modified silica
SE9504077L (sv) Absorberande artikel såsom en blöja med en skålformig absorpstionskropp uppvisande minst en urtagning i form av spår eller kompressionslinjer
AU131099S (en) A set of bandages
ES2085840T3 (es) Geometria de esquina de pieza postiza para rugosidad de superficie mejorada.
ES2003810A6 (es) Piston de tipo dilatable para prensa
ITTO910741A1 (it) Boccola di cuscinetto, in special modo per giunti a crociera.
USD279456S (en) Jar or the like
EP0384816A3 (en) Cheese containing beverage
GR3015628T3 (en) Container and a process for its production.
SE9103782L (sv) Flaens
FI900679A0 (fi) Foerfarande foer minskning av hartshalt i trae.
ES2158060T3 (es) Producto amilasado, tratado por via enzimatica.
CA2141818A1 (en) Absorbent Article with Elastic Feature Having a Prestrained Web Portion and Method for Forming Same
EP0662393A4 (en) DECORATIVE CORK TRAY AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME.
PL305157A1 (en) Mixtures of isomeric pentanic acids, esters obtained therefrom and their application as lubricants
DE59103992D1 (de) Tiefenwirksame grundierung.
AU2738495A (en) Alpha-1,4-glucan lyase and its use in the production of 1,5-anhydrofructose
AU679487B2 (en) Norbornane type ester hydrolase
EP0296847A3 (en) Carton
ITTO930277A0 (it) Macchina per la formazione di mazzette di segnature e simili articoli.
KR970033218A (ko) 록타입의 파스너의 제작방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EC2A Search report published

Date of ref document: 19980101

Kind code of ref document: A1

Effective date: 19980101

FD1A Patent lapsed

Effective date: 20020401