ES2042088T3 - Monocarboxilatos de metilo en lodos para el barrido de perforaciones. - Google Patents
Monocarboxilatos de metilo en lodos para el barrido de perforaciones.Info
- Publication number
- ES2042088T3 ES2042088T3 ES199090101900T ES90101900T ES2042088T3 ES 2042088 T3 ES2042088 T3 ES 2042088T3 ES 199090101900 T ES199090101900 T ES 199090101900T ES 90101900 T ES90101900 T ES 90101900T ES 2042088 T3 ES2042088 T3 ES 2042088T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- sludge
- oil phase
- monocarboxylates
- sweeping
- perforation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical class [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 monocarboxylic acid methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
- C09K8/34—Organic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Empleo de ésteres metílicos de ácidos monocarboxílicos con el intervalo de 6 a 24 átomos de carbono como fase oleaginosa o parte integrante de la fase oleaginosa de lodos para el barrido de perforaciones de transposición que son adecuados para una explotación respetuosa con el medio ambiente de yacimientos de petróleo o de gas natural y que contienen en una fase oleaginosa cerrada una fase acuosa dispersa junto con emulsionantes, cargas, aditivos de pérdida de fluido y, en caso deseado, otros aditivos usuales.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3903784A DE3903784A1 (de) | 1989-02-09 | 1989-02-09 | Monocarbonsaeure-methylester in invert-bohrspuelschlaemmen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2042088T3 true ES2042088T3 (es) | 1993-12-01 |
Family
ID=6373685
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES199090101900T Expired - Lifetime ES2042088T3 (es) | 1989-02-09 | 1990-01-31 | Monocarboxilatos de metilo en lodos para el barrido de perforaciones. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5106516A (es) |
EP (2) | EP0382071B2 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2892497B2 (es) |
AR (1) | AR248159A1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE88746T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU625325B2 (es) |
BR (1) | BR9007104A (es) |
CA (1) | CA2009688C (es) |
DE (2) | DE3903784A1 (es) |
DK (1) | DK0382071T4 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2042088T3 (es) |
IE (1) | IE63577B1 (es) |
MX (1) | MX173152B (es) |
NO (1) | NO178403C (es) |
RU (1) | RU2013436C1 (es) |
TR (1) | TR24122A (es) |
WO (1) | WO1990009416A1 (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA90952B (es) |
Families Citing this family (77)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5085282A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1992-02-04 | Shell Oil Company | Method for drilling a well with emulsion drilling fluids |
US5083622A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1992-01-28 | Shell Oil Company | Method for drilling wells |
US5072794A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-12-17 | Shell Oil Company | Alcohol-in-oil drilling fluid system |
DE3842659A1 (de) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele in bohrspuelungen insbesondere zur off-shore-erschliessung von erdoel- bzw. erdgasvorkommen (i) |
DE3907391A1 (de) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele niederer carbonsaeuren in bohrspuelungen |
US5260269A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1993-11-09 | Shell Oil Company | Method of drilling with shale stabilizing mud system comprising polycyclicpolyetherpolyol |
US5058679A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1991-10-22 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
US5423379A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1995-06-13 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
US5076373A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-31 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling fluids |
US5076364A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-31 | Shell Oil Company | Gas hydrate inhibition |
DE4012105A1 (de) * | 1990-04-14 | 1991-10-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von hydriertem rizinusoel als viskositaetsbildner in oelbasierten bohrspuelsystems |
DE4019266A1 (de) * | 1990-06-16 | 1992-01-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Fliessfaehige bohrlochbehandlungsmittel auf basis von polycarbonsaeureestern |
US5508258A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1996-04-16 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of surface-active alpha-sulfo-fatty acid di-salts in water and oil based drilling fluids and other drill-hole treatment agents |
GB2251447A (en) * | 1991-01-04 | 1992-07-08 | Exxon Production Research Co | Invert emulsion for use in a drilling fluid |
GB2252993B (en) * | 1991-02-23 | 1994-09-28 | David Brankling | Drilling fluid composition |
US5302728A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Polycondensation of phenolic hydroxyl-containing compounds and polyhydric alcohols and thermal condensation to form polyethercyclipolyols |
US5233055A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1993-08-03 | Shell Oil Company | Copolymerization of polyethercyclicpolyols with epoxy resins |
US5338870A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-08-16 | Shell Oil Company | Thermal condensation of polyhydric alcohols to form polyethercyclicpolyols |
US5371244A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-12-06 | Shell Oil Company | Polycondensation of dihydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols and thermal condensation to form polyethercyclicpolyols |
US5302695A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Polycondensation of epoxy alcohols with polyhydric alcohols and thermal condensation to form polyethercyclicpolyols |
DE4200502A1 (de) * | 1992-01-13 | 1993-07-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verbesserte entsorgung von kontaminiertem bohrklein aus geologischen bohrungen mit mineraloel-enthaltenden bohrspuelsystemen |
GB9210578D0 (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1992-07-01 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Functional fluid |
DE4218243C2 (de) * | 1992-06-03 | 1994-04-28 | Cognis Bio Umwelt | Verbesserte Nährstoffgemische für die Bioremediation verschmutzter Böden und Gewässer |
US5286882A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-02-15 | Shell Oil Company | Polyethercyclicpolyols from epihalohydrins, polyhydric alcohols and metal hydroxides or epoxy alcohol and optionally polyhydric alcohols with addition of epoxy resins |
US5428178A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-06-27 | Shell Oil Company | Polyethercyclipolyols from epihalohydrins, polyhydric alcohols, and metal hydroxides or epoxy alcohols and optionally polyhydric alcohols with thermal condensation |
US5371243A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-12-06 | Shell Oil Company | Polyethercyclicpolyols from epihalohydrins, polyhydric alcohols, and metal hydroxides |
GB9406057D0 (en) * | 1994-03-26 | 1994-05-18 | Univ Heriot Watt | Drilling mud |
DE4420455A1 (de) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Lineare alpha-Olefine enthaltende fließfähige Bohrlochbehandlungsmittel insbesondere entsprechende Bohrspülungen |
US5607901A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-03-04 | Bp Exploration & Oil, Inc. | Environmentally safe annular fluid |
DE19546911A1 (de) | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-19 | Henkel Kgaa | Neue wäßrig-quellfähige Zubereitungen von Guar und Guarderivaten in oleophilen Flüssigkeiten und ihre Verwendung |
US6218342B1 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2001-04-17 | M-I Llc | Oil-based drilling fluid |
US5905061A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-05-18 | Patel; Avind D. | Invert emulsion fluids suitable for drilling |
US6806233B2 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 2004-10-19 | M-I Llc | Methods of using reversible phase oil based drilling fluid |
US6589917B2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2003-07-08 | M-I Llc | Invert emulsion drilling fluids and muds having negative alkalinity and elastomer compatibility |
US5888944A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-03-30 | Mi L.L.C. | Oil-based drilling fluid |
US6022833A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2000-02-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Multicomponent mixtures for use in geological exploration |
TW354352B (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-03-11 | Henkel Kgaa | A process for easier cleaning on the basis of water/oil inversion emulifier |
US5909779A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-06-08 | M-I L.L.C. | Oil-based drilling fluids suitable for drilling in the presence of acidic gases |
US6100223A (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2000-08-08 | Chevron Chemical Company Llc | Method of converting olefins into mixtures of secondary esters, products and uses thereof |
US6405809B2 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2002-06-18 | M-I Llc | Conductive medium for openhold logging and logging while drilling |
AU1616900A (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-29 | M-I L.L.C. | Invert emulsion drilling fluids having negative alkalinity |
ES2345922T3 (es) * | 2000-12-29 | 2010-10-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Diluyentes para emulsiones inversas. |
US6887832B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-05-03 | Halliburton Energy Service,S Inc. | Method of formulating and using a drilling mud with fragile gels |
US7572755B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2009-08-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drilling fluid comprising a vinyl neodecanoate polymer and method for enhanced suspension |
US7456135B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2008-11-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of drilling using flat rheology drilling fluids |
MXPA03005918A (es) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-02-14 | Halliburton Energy Serv Inc | Diluyentes para emulsiones invertidas. |
US20030036484A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-20 | Jeff Kirsner | Blends of esters with isomerized olefins and other hydrocarbons as base oils for invert emulsion oil muds |
US6828279B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2004-12-07 | M-I Llc | Biodegradable surfactant for invert emulsion drilling fluid |
US6620770B1 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-09-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Additive for oil-based drilling fluids |
US7271132B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2007-09-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Metallic soaps of modified fatty acids and rosin acids and methods of making and using same |
US7008907B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2006-03-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Additive for oil-based drilling fluids |
US7534746B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2009-05-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Metallic soaps of modified tall oil acids |
DE10243312A1 (de) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-01 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bohrlochbehandlungsmittel mit niedrig-toxischer Ölphase |
US7866394B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2011-01-11 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Compositions and methods of cementing in subterranean formations using a swelling agent to inhibit the influx of water into a cement slurry |
DE10334441A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-17 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bohrlochbehandlungsmittel, enthaltend Ethercarbonsäuren |
US20050087341A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-28 | Mccabe Michael A. | Liquid gelling agent concentrates and methods of treating wells therewith |
DE10349808A1 (de) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-25 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Emulgatoren für Bohrspülmittel |
US7534745B2 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2009-05-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Gelled invert emulsion compositions comprising polyvalent metal salts of an organophosphonic acid ester or an organophosphinic acid and methods of use and manufacture |
DE102004034141A1 (de) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-09 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Verwendung von Lithiumsalzen von Fettalkoholsulfaten zum Reinigen von Bohrlöchern, Bohrgeräten oder Bohrklein |
US7642223B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2010-01-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of generating a gas in a plugging composition to improve its sealing ability in a downhole permeable zone |
US7690429B2 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2010-04-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of using a swelling agent in a wellbore |
US7891424B2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2011-02-22 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Methods of delivering material downhole |
US7870903B2 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2011-01-18 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Inverse emulsion polymers as lost circulation material |
US20080261836A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-23 | Filler Paul A | Compositions for use in well servicing fluids |
US7902128B2 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2011-03-08 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Water-in-oil emulsions with hydrogel droplets background |
US20100063180A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Seungkoo Kang | Fire protection and/or fire fighting additives, associated compositions, and associated methods |
US8691733B2 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2014-04-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Suspension characteristics in invert emulsions |
WO2013048972A2 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | Shell Oil Company | Synthetic oil field drilling fluids |
CN102796497A (zh) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-11-28 | 天津中海油服化学有限公司 | 一种气制油基油包水乳化钻井液及制备方法 |
US10253236B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-04-09 | Amril Ag | Environmental friendly well treatment fluids comprising an ester |
US10081760B2 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2018-09-25 | Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. | Olefinic ester compositions and their use in stimulating hydrocarbon production from a subterranean formation |
US11053430B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2021-07-06 | Wilmar Trading Pte Ltd. | Olefinic ester compositions and their use in stimulating hydrocarbon production from a subterranean formation |
WO2016110323A1 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2016-07-14 | Amril Ag | Hydrophilic ether carboxylic acids as lubricant for salt based drilling systems |
BR112017012412A2 (pt) | 2015-01-07 | 2018-01-02 | Emery Oleochemicals Gmbh | éter ácido carboxílico ou seu derivado, composição lubrificante e seus usos |
US9580636B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-02-28 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Secondary esters, methods of making, and uses thereof |
US10683448B2 (en) | 2016-02-08 | 2020-06-16 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Alkyl ester spotting fluid compositions for differential sticking |
AR126866A1 (es) | 2021-08-25 | 2023-11-22 | Ypf Tecnologia Sa | Composición de fluido de perforación que comprende derivados vegetales |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB768119A (en) * | 1954-03-17 | 1957-02-13 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improvements in or relating to complex ester synthetic lubricants |
US2816073A (en) * | 1956-07-16 | 1957-12-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Drilling fluid |
US3047493A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1962-07-31 | Gulf Research Development Co | Drilling process and water base drilling muds |
US3310125A (en) * | 1963-08-29 | 1967-03-21 | Shell Oil Co | Method for increasing drilling rate |
US3761410A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1973-09-25 | Nl Industries Inc | Composition and process for increasing the lubricity of water base drilling fluids |
DE2843473A1 (de) * | 1978-10-05 | 1980-04-17 | Bayer Ag | Lactonmodifizierte esteroele |
US4374737A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1983-02-22 | Dana E. Larson | Nonpolluting drilling fluid composition |
US4409108A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1983-10-11 | Halliburton Company | Lubricating composition for well fluids |
US4356096A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1982-10-26 | Venture Chemicals, Inc. | Method of enhancing the effect of liquid organic lubricants in drilling fluids |
US4436636A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-03-13 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Invert emulsion well servicing fluids |
US4481121A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1984-11-06 | Hughes Tool Company | Viscosifier for oil base drilling fluids |
US4517100A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1985-05-14 | Witco Chemical Corporation | Lubricating wellbore fluid and method of drilling |
US4575428A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1986-03-11 | Milchem Incorporated | Invert emulsion drilling fluid comprising oligamide composition |
US4631136A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-12-23 | Jones Iii Reed W | Non-polluting non-toxic drilling fluid compositions and method of preparation |
EP0229912A3 (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1989-12-06 | M-I Drilling Fluids Company (a Texas general partnership) | Oil based drilling fluids and additives therefor |
US4804793A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1989-02-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Drilling mud compositions containing high molecular weight poly (vinylamines) |
DE3907391A1 (de) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung ausgewaehlter esteroele niederer carbonsaeuren in bohrspuelungen |
DE3907392A1 (de) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-09-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Ester von carbonsaeuren mittlerer kettenlaenge als bestnadteil der oelphase in invert-bohrspuelschlaemmen |
-
1989
- 1989-02-09 DE DE3903784A patent/DE3903784A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-01-31 ES ES199090101900T patent/ES2042088T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-31 JP JP2502346A patent/JP2892497B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-31 EP EP90101900A patent/EP0382071B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-31 DE DE9090101900T patent/DE59001277D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-31 BR BR909007104A patent/BR9007104A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-31 AU AU49578/90A patent/AU625325B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-01-31 WO PCT/EP1990/000166 patent/WO1990009416A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-01-31 AT AT90101900T patent/ATE88746T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-31 EP EP90902198A patent/EP0457775A1/de active Pending
- 1990-01-31 DK DK90101900T patent/DK0382071T4/da active
- 1990-02-05 TR TR90/0128A patent/TR24122A/xx unknown
- 1990-02-07 MX MX019408A patent/MX173152B/es unknown
- 1990-02-08 IE IE44890A patent/IE63577B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-08 ZA ZA90952A patent/ZA90952B/xx unknown
- 1990-02-09 AR AR90316121A patent/AR248159A1/es active
- 1990-02-09 US US07/478,189 patent/US5106516A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-09 CA CA002009688A patent/CA2009688C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-08-08 NO NO913098A patent/NO178403C/no unknown
- 1991-08-08 RU SU915001483A patent/RU2013436C1/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO913098L (no) | 1991-10-04 |
IE900448L (en) | 1990-08-09 |
ATE88746T1 (de) | 1993-05-15 |
BR9007104A (pt) | 1991-11-12 |
US5106516A (en) | 1992-04-21 |
EP0457775A1 (de) | 1991-11-27 |
NO178403B (no) | 1995-12-11 |
JPH04503221A (ja) | 1992-06-11 |
WO1990009416A1 (de) | 1990-08-23 |
EP0382071B1 (de) | 1993-04-28 |
DK0382071T3 (da) | 1993-08-02 |
CA2009688A1 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
EP0382071A1 (de) | 1990-08-16 |
RU2013436C1 (ru) | 1994-05-30 |
NO913098D0 (no) | 1991-08-08 |
AU4957890A (en) | 1990-09-05 |
DK0382071T4 (da) | 2005-01-03 |
EP0382071B2 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
DE3903784A1 (de) | 1990-08-16 |
AU625325B2 (en) | 1992-07-09 |
NO178403C (no) | 1999-11-19 |
TR24122A (tr) | 1991-05-01 |
CA2009688C (en) | 2001-07-31 |
AR248159A1 (es) | 1995-06-30 |
JP2892497B2 (ja) | 1999-05-17 |
DE59001277D1 (de) | 1993-06-03 |
ZA90952B (en) | 1990-11-28 |
IE63577B1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
MX173152B (es) | 1994-02-02 |
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