EP4318682A1 - Collecteur de courant pour électrode - Google Patents

Collecteur de courant pour électrode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4318682A1
EP4318682A1 EP22775945.3A EP22775945A EP4318682A1 EP 4318682 A1 EP4318682 A1 EP 4318682A1 EP 22775945 A EP22775945 A EP 22775945A EP 4318682 A1 EP4318682 A1 EP 4318682A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current collector
conductive
base film
conductive material
metal piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22775945.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kyung Joon Kim
Seung Ho Choi
Young Hun Jin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
U&S Energy Inc
Original Assignee
U&S Energy Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by U&S Energy Inc filed Critical U&S Energy Inc
Publication of EP4318682A1 publication Critical patent/EP4318682A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a current collector for an electrode, and more particularly, to a current collector for an electrode, which is capable of improving safety of a battery by preventing overheating of the battery by exhibiting an electrochemical fuse function or a physical fuse function by removing a part of a metallic conductive material provided on a base film to induce a short circuit in only a part of the battery and block a short-current current path in the remaining part in the event of a short circuit.
  • lithium secondary batteries have been commercially available and have high energy density and action potential and a low self-discharge rate.
  • a secondary lithium metal battery is the first secondary battery that has been commercially available.
  • the secondary lithium metal battery uses lithium metal as a negative electrode.
  • the secondary lithium metal battery has a problem in that a lithium dendrite formed on a surface of a lithium metal negative electrode causes expansion of volume of a cell, gradual deterioration in capacity and energy density, a short circuit caused by consistent growth of the dendrite, a decrease in cycle lifespan, and deterioration in cell stability (explosion and ignition). For this reason, the production of the secondary lithium metal battery was stopped in a just few years after the secondary lithium metal battery was commercially available. Therefore, there has been used a carbon-based negative electrode that is more suitable than lithium metal and can store lithium in an ionic state in a lattice or vacant space. The use of the carbon-based negative electrode allows the lithium secondary battery to be properly commercially available and come into wide use.
  • the lithium secondary battery is mainly made of carbon-based or non-carbon-based negative electrode materials up to now.
  • the development of the negative electrode material is mostly focused on carbon-based materials (graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, etc.) and non-carbon-based materials (silicon, tin, titanium oxide, etc.).
  • the lithium secondary battery is significantly expected to be used as an ultra-small power system for operating the devices.
  • the present applicant proposes the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a current collector for an electrode, which is capable of having a reduced thickness or weight in comparison with a current collector made of metal foil and serving as a fuse in the event of an internal short circuit or an external short circuit, thereby preventing an increase in temperature and improving stability of a battery.
  • the present invention has also been made in an effort to provide a current collector for an electrode, in which in a large-scale lithium secondary battery, a short-circuited part is isolated or separated from the other parts in the event of a short circuit, such that the entire current collector for an electrode may be prevented from reacting with the short circuit, and the other part of the current collector for an electrode, except for the short-circuited part, may operate normally.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a current collector for an electrode, the current collector including: a base film; and a conductive material provided on at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the base film, in which the conductive material is divided into two or more parts in a length or width direction of the base film.
  • the conductive material may include a recessed portion formed over the entire conductive material in the length or width direction of the base film, and the conductive material may not be formed in the recessed portion.
  • the conductive material may include a conductive portion formed alternately with the recessed portion in the length or width direction of the base film, and the conductive material may be present in the conductive portion.
  • the conductive portion and the recessed portion may be formed symmetrically or asymmetrically on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film.
  • the base film may be made of a transparent material.
  • the current collector may include a metal piece or a lead tab provided in a direction intersecting the conductive portion and the recessed portion and provided to be in contact with the entire conductive portion.
  • the current collector may include an insulating polymer layer provided between the conductive portion and the metal piece or the lead tab.
  • the insulating polymer layer may be melted by heat and attach the metal piece or the lead tab to the conductive portion, and a portion excluding the melted part may insulate a portion between the conductive portion and the metal piece or the lead tab.
  • An electrical connection between the conductive portion and the lead tab or the metal piece may be implemented only at a molten point formed as the insulating polymer layer is melted, a portion of the insulating polymer layer, which is not melted, may insulate the portion between the conductive portion and the lead tab or the metal piece, the molten point may be formed to be smaller than the portion of the insulating polymer layer that is not melted, and a current path may be formed through the molten point.
  • the current path which is formed through the molten point formed as the insulating polymer layer being in contact with the short-circuited conductive portion is melted, may be blocked, such that the short circuit does not affect the other conductive portions, except for the short-circuited conductive portion.
  • the short-circuited conductive portion may be electrically separated from another conductive portion by the recessed portions formed at two opposite sides of the corresponding conductive portion.
  • the plurality of conductive portions which is distinguished by the recessed portions, may be connected in parallel to the metal piece or the lead tab so that the recessed portions, which are formed at two opposite sides of the short-circuited conductive portion, prevent the short circuit from affecting another conductive portion.
  • a stepped portion which has a smaller thickness of the conductive material than the conductive portion, may be formed in the conductive portion at one side of the metal piece or the lead tab.
  • the current collector for an electrode according to the present invention uses the base film made of a nonconductor instead of metal foil, and the conductive material is formed, as a coating or plating layer, on the surface of the base film. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the thickness in comparison with the current collector having the metal foil.
  • the current collector for an electrode of the short-circuited part is isolated from the other parts and the current in the short-circuited part is blocked in the event of a short circuit. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the portion of the current collector for an electrode that is associated with the short circuit.
  • the plurality of separated current collectors for an electrode has a structure equivalent to a shape in which the current collectors are electrically connected in parallel to the lead tab. Therefore, only the short-circuited separated current collector for an electrode may be separated, and the current may be blocked, such that the other parts of the current collector for an electrode may be continuously used, thereby improving the safety and increasing the lifespan of use.
  • the short-circuited part among the plurality of separated current collectors for an electrode, may be induced to be short-circuited, and the other parts, which are not short-circuited, may perform the electrochemical fuse function or the physical fuse function in order to block the short-current current path, thereby preventing overheating of the battery and improving the safety of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an electrode assembly including a current collector for an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the electrode assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view illustrating a state in which a metal piece and a lead tab are attached to the current collector for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are a top plan view and a cross-sectional view illustrating the current collector for an electrode according to FIG. 3
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are a top plan view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a function of the current collector for an electrode to which the metal piece and the lead tab according to FIG. 3 are attached
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are views for explaining states in which the metal piece and the lead tab are welded to the current collector for an electrode according to FIGS. 5A and 5B
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are views for explaining a case in which the current collector for an electrode, to which the metal piece and the lead tab according to FIGS. 6A and 6B attached, is short-circuited
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view illustrating a modified example of the current collector for an electrode illustrated in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a current collector for an electrode according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a top plan view illustrating a current collector for an electrode according to still another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are cross-sectional views taken along cutting line C-C in FIG. 10 .
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an electrode assembly 10 including a current collector 100 for an electrode according to the present invention.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a positive electrode current collector.
  • a positive electrode means a cathode and a negative electrode means an anode.
  • a positive electrode current collector means a cathode current collector
  • a negative electrode current collector means an anode current collector.
  • a surface of the current collector 100 for a positive electrode needs to be coated with a positive electrode active material 103 so that the current collector 100 for an electrode is used for the electrode assembly 10.
  • a negative electrode current collector 200 may have a negative electrode metal foil 201 coated with a negative electrode active material 203, and a negative electrode lead tab 290 may be connected to one end of the negative electrode current collector 200 based on a length direction of the negative electrode current collector 200.
  • a separator 300 may be disposed between the negative electrode current collector 200 and the current collector 100 for an electrode (the positive electrode current collector) according to the present invention.
  • the electrode assembly 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is made as the negative electrode current collector 200 and the positive electrode current collector 100 are sequentially stacked with the separator 300 interposed therebetween.
  • the positive electrode current collector 100 will be referred to as the current collector for an electrode.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4A and 4B illustrate the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode does not use metal foil unlike the negative electrode current collector 200 described above.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention has a larger resistance value than resistance of the current collector using the metal foil, such that the current collector 100 may adjust a limit current value of the current flowing in the current collector. Because the flow of current may be hindered by damage to a base film, the current collector 100 may reduce a short-circuit current or prevent heat generation in the event of an internal short circuit of the secondary battery.
  • the lithium secondary battery having the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the present invention may have properties or concept of a max current limited battery (MCLB).
  • MCLB max current limited battery
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention is the positive electrode current collector. Because the current collector 100 has a higher resistance value than the resistance of the positive electrode current collector of the battery in the related art, i.e., the positive electrode current collector using the metal foil, the current collector 100 may adjust the limit current and reduce the short-circuit current and heat generation occurring in the event of a short circuit by blocking or destroying a current path in the event of the internal short circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention has a base film 101 as a basic material without using metal foil.
  • the current collector 100 is characterized in that the base film 101 is applied or coated with metal with a small thickness.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode may include the base film (polymer film) 101, and a conductive material 102 provided on at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the conductive material 102 may serve as an electrochemical fuse, such that the conductive material 102 may have a function of preventing a short circuit.
  • the electrochemical characteristics of the conductive material 102 will be described below.
  • the base film 101 may be provided in the form of a band having a predetermined length.
  • the base film 101 may be made of a nonconductive polymer material such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyimide (PI), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PI polyimide
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the base film 101 may have a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or less, particularly, a thickness of 1.4 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention may reduce a thickness or weight of the battery in comparison with a case in which the current collector using the metal foil in the related art is used.
  • the current collector 100 uses the non-conductive base film 101, which has a thickness of 1.4 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, as a basic configuration of the current collector 100, which makes it possible to reduce an overall thickness or weight of the lithium secondary battery having the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode may include the base film 101, and the conductive material 102 provided on the surface of the base film 101.
  • the conductive material 102 may be aluminum (Al) metal.
  • the conductive material 102 may be referred to as a conductive layer that defines an outermost surface of the current collector 100 for an electrode.
  • the conductive material 102 may be formed to adjust or reduce a limit current or maximum current of the current collector 100 for an electrode.
  • the conductive material 102 is aluminum metal with which a concavely recessed surface or a convexly protruding surface of the base film 101 is plated or coated to control conductivity of the electrode current collector 100.
  • the conductive material 102 may also be referred to as a conductive layer when the description is focused on a state in which the conductive material 102 is deposited or applied onto the surface of the base film 101.
  • the conductive material 102 has the concept including the conductive layer.
  • the limit current or the maximum current flowing in the current collector 100 for an electrode may be adjusted depending on the thickness or the amount of the conductive material 102 formed on the surface of the base film 101.
  • the conductive material 102 of the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention may implement properties or concept of the max current limited battery (MCLB) of the lithium secondary battery.
  • the base film 101 may be melted and hinder rapid current generation, thereby improving safety of the battery.
  • the conductive material 102 may be formed on the surface of the base film 101 in various ways.
  • aluminum metal which is the conductive material 102, may be formed on the surface of the base film 101 by sputtering or evaporation coating. Because aluminum is easily oxidized, it is not easy to form the conductive material 102 on the surface of the base film 101 by electroplating.
  • the conductive material 102 may be formed on only one surface of the base film 101 or both of the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101. In this case, the conductive material 102 may have a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m based on a minimum cross-section and a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m based on a maximum cross-section.
  • the flow of current may be implemented by the conductive material 102. Therefore, the state in which the surface of the base film 101 is coated with the conductive material 102 needs to be properly maintained. To this end, the base film 101 may be subjected to surface treatment, thereby increasing a binding force between the conductive material 102 and the base film 101.
  • the conductive material 102 may be detached or separated from the surface of the base film 101 in a state in which the electrolyte is injected. Therefore, it is important to increase the binding force between the conductive material 102 and the base film 101.
  • the surface treatment may be performed on the surface of the base film 101 to increase a bonding force or binding force with the conductive material 102.
  • the surface of the base film 101 may be subjected to corona treatment to increase the binding force between the conductive material 102 and the base film 101.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode is a current collector used as the positive electrode of the secondary battery and may improve the safety of the secondary battery, unlike the current collector having the metal foil in the related art. This is because the conductive material 102 formed or applied onto the base film 101 serves to block the short-circuit current, like a fuse.
  • the conductive material 102 formed or applied onto the base film 101 serves as a current path.
  • the current path is blocked, such that the short-circuit current does not flow any further.
  • the conductive material 102 may be divided into two or more parts in a length or width direction of the base film 101.
  • the arrow S indicates a transfer or length direction of the base film 101.
  • the width direction of the base film 101 means one of horizontal and vertical directions in which a relatively short length is defined.
  • the conductive material 102 may include recessed portions 102b formed on the entire conductive material 102 in the length or width direction of the base film 101, and conductive portions 102a formed alternately with the recessed portions 102b.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate that the conductive portion 102a and the recessed portion 102b of the conductive material 102 are formed in the length or transfer direction S of the base film 101.
  • the conductive material 102 is not formed in the recessed portion 102b, and the conductive material 102 is present in the conductive portion 102a.
  • FIG. 4A is a top plan view illustrating a state in which the recessed portion 102b and the conductive portion 102a are formed in the length direction of the base film 101
  • FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting line A-A in FIG. 4A .
  • the recessed portion 102b formed in the conductive material 102 may be formed by applying or depositing the conductive material 102 on the entire upper or lower surface of the base film 101 and then cutting the conductive material 102 by using a laser or patterning the conductive material 102. That is, the recessed portion 102b may be formed by forming the conductive material 102 on the base film 101 and then removing a portion, which is intended to be formed as the recessed portion 102b, by using a laser.
  • the recessed portion 102b may be formed by using a chemical material or a chemical substance, which reacts with aluminum metal that is the conductive material 102, without using a laser.
  • the base film 101 is made of a transparent material
  • laser beams used to form the recessed portion 102b may pass through the base film 101.
  • the recessed portion 102b may be formed by emitting laser beams toward the conductive material 102 formed on the upper surface of the base film 101, in a state in which the conductive material 102 is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101, i.e., two opposite surfaces of the base film 101, and removing the conductive material 102 at the portion to which the laser beams are emitted.
  • the base film 101 is present on the bottom of the recessed portion 102b.
  • the recessed portion 102b is also formed in the conductive material 102 formed on the lower surface of the base film 101.
  • the recessed portions 102b which are formed at upper and lower sides based on the base film 101, are disposed symmetrically and aligned in shape and position with each other.
  • the conductive portions 102a which are formed at the upper and lower sides, are also disposed symmetrically and aligned in shape and position with each other (see FIG. 6A ).
  • the base film 101 is not made of a transparent material, the laser beams cannot pass through the base film 101. Therefore, the laser beams need to be independently emitted to the conductive materials 102 respectively formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the conductive portions 102a and the recessed portions 102b which are respectively formed at the upper and lower sides, may be disposed asymmetrically without being aligned in shape and position with each other (see FIG. 6B ).
  • the conductive material 102 may include the recessed portion 102b formed in the length or width direction of the base film 101 and formed such that the conductive material is not present over the entire conductive material 102.
  • the conductive material 102 may include the conductive portion 102a formed alternately with the recessed portion 102b in the length or width direction of the base film 101. Unlike the recessed portion 102b, the conductive material 102 is present in the conductive portion 102a.
  • the conductive portions 102a and the recessed portions 102b may be formed symmetrically or asymmetrically on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the base film 101 is made of a transparent material that may transmit the laser beams
  • the conductive portions 102a and the recessed portions 102b may be formed symmetrically.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode may include a metal piece (metal element) 120 or a lead tab 190) disposed in a direction intersecting the conductive portion 102a and the recessed portion 102b and provided to be in contact with the entire conductive portion 102a.
  • a metal piece metal element 120 or a lead tab 190
  • the conductive portion 102a and the recessed portion 102b may be formed in the length or transfer direction of the base film 101, whereas the metal piece 120 may be disposed in the width direction of the base film 101.
  • the lead tab 190 may be provided in the same direction as the metal piece 120 or provided in the direction in which the recessed portion 102b, i.e., the conductive portion 102a are formed.
  • the conductive portion 102a of the conductive material 102 may be positioned between the base film 101 and the metal piece 120.
  • the metal piece 120 may serve to connect all the conductive portions 102a. Therefore, the metal piece 120 needs to be provided at a position or formed in a shape so that the metal piece 120 may be in contact with all the conductive portions 102a separated from one another by the recessed portions 102b.
  • the metal piece 120 may be disposed in the width direction of the base film 101 so as to be in contact with all the conductive portions 102a. As illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B , the metal piece 120 may be provided in the vertical direction in case that the conductive portion 102a and the recessed portion 102b are provided in the horizontal direction. However, the metal piece 120 need not be necessarily disposed in the vertical direction, and the metal piece 120 only needs to be disposed to be in contact with all the conductive portions 102a even when the metal piece 120 is disposed obliquely.
  • the metal piece 120 may be positioned on two opposite surfaces of the base film 101 or positioned on the surface of the base film 101, which is opposite to the surface to which the lead tab 190 is attached, and the lead tab 190 may be connected to the metal piece 120 by welding the lead tab 190.
  • the lead tab 190 cannot be coupled in case that the base film 101 is not melted at a temperature lower than a welding temperature of the lead tab 190. Therefore, the base film 101 needs to have a melting point at which the base film 101 may be melted during the process of welding the lead tab 190.
  • the metal piece 120 may be provided only on any one of the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the metal piece 120 may be provided on both the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the metal piece 120 may serve to ensure a position on the base film 101 at which the lead tab 190 is welded. That is, the metal piece 120 may serve as a connection part of the lead tab 190.
  • the metal piece 120 may have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more.
  • the metal piece 120 may be provided in the form of a thin metal film or metal foil having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more, but the shape of the metal piece 120 is not necessarily limited thereto. That is, the metal piece 120 may be provided in the form of a thin film, foil, or mesh.
  • the metal piece 120 may be configured as aluminum foil or SUS 316L foil.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode may have the lead tab 190 configured to be connected to the external device.
  • the lead tab may be welded directly to the metal foil.
  • the base film 101 corresponds to the metal foil in the related art. For this reason, the lead tab cannot be welded directly to the base film 101.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention may solve the above-mentioned problem as the metal piece 120 is additionally positioned on the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101 or positioned on the surface opposite to the surface to which the lead tab 190 is connected, and the lead tab 190 is welded to the metal piece 120.
  • the lead tab 190 may be welded to the metal piece 120 by ultrasonic welding, laser welding, or spot welding.
  • the lead tab 190 may be connected to any one of the metal pieces 120 provided on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the lead tab 190 may be connected to one surface of the base film 101, and the metal piece 120 may be provided on the other surface of the base film 101 that faces the lead tab 190.
  • the conductive material 102 is positioned between the base film 101 and the metal piece 120 or between the base film 101 and the lead tab 190.
  • the metal piece 120 may be positioned on the conductive material 102 or provided to be in contact with the conductive material 102 so that the metal piece 120 is electrically connected to the conductive material 102.
  • the lead tab 190 is welded to any one of the metal pieces 120 provided on the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101
  • the metal pieces 120 provided on the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101 may be connected to each other as the base film 101 is melted.
  • the lead tab 190 may be electrically connected simultaneously to the conductive materials 102 provided on the two opposite surfaces of the base film 101.
  • a part of the base film 101 may be melted when the lead tab 190 is coupled to the metal piece 120 provided on the upper surface of the base film 101 by ultrasonic welding, laser welding, or spot welding in the state in which the metal pieces 120 and the conductive materials 102 are provided on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the base film 101 may be melted during the welding process.
  • the upper and lower metal pieces 120 may come into direct contact with each other. In this case, because the metal pieces 120 are also melted by the welding heat, the upper and lower metal pieces 120 are joined to each other. Therefore, because the upper and lower metal pieces 120 are coupled directly to each other at the portion where the base film 101 is melted and removed, the lead tab 190 welded to any one metal piece 120 may be electrically connected not only to the upper and lower metal pieces 120, but also to the conductive materials 102 formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101.
  • the state in which the metal piece 120 is connected to the base film 101 is maintained even though a part of the base film 101 is melted by welding heat. Therefore, it is possible to connect the lead tab 190.
  • the lead tab 190 may be welded to the metal piece 120 even in the state in which the base film 101 is not melted.
  • insulating polymer layers 130 may each be formed between the conductive material 102 and one surface of the metal piece 120 that faces the conductive material 102.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 serves to attach the metal piece 120 to the surface of the base film 101 or the surface of the conductive material 102 or insulate the conductive material 102 and the metal piece 120.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may be provided between the lead tab 190 and the conductive material 102.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may be formed between the conductive portion 102a and the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 120.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may be made of a material having bondability or adhesiveness.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may be made of a polymer material or provided in the form of a polymer film.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may have a thickness smaller than 50 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the insulating polymer layer 130 is larger than 50 ⁇ m, welding may not be properly performed, and resistance may increase.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may be melted at the same temperature as the base film 101 or melted at a lower temperature than the base film 101. That is, the insulating polymer layer 130 may have the same melting point as the base film 101 or a melting point lower in temperature than a melting point of the base film 101.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may not only be made of a polymer material such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyimide (PI), but also be made of a polymer material such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or acrylate-based compound having adhesive components.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PI polyimide
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 may not only serve to attach the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190 to the surface of the conductive material 102, i.e., the conductive portion 102a but also serve as an insulation layer.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 is electrically connected to the conductive material 102, i.e., the conductive portion 102a while being melted by welding heat at the time of welding the lead tab 190, and a part of the lead tab 190, except for the melted portion, is insulated by the insulating polymer layer 130.
  • the conductive material 102 corresponding to the melted portion may react to reduce or block the current in the event of an external short circuit. If the electrically connected part is large, a large amount of reaction is required, which makes it difficult to block the current. Therefore, the insulating polymer layer 130 having insulation may be provided between the conductive material 102 and the metal piece 120 or between the conductive material 102 and the lead tab 190.
  • the insulating polymer layers 130 and the metal pieces 120 respectively attached to the conductive materials 102 may be provided at the same position based on the base film 101.
  • molten points W may be formed as the insulating polymer layer 130 and the base film 101 are melted. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 6A , the lead tab 190 is welded as the insulating polymer layer 130 positioned between the metal piece 120 and the conductive portion 102a is melted. The electrical connection between the conductive portion 102a and the lead tab 190 or the metal piece 120 is implemented only by the molten point W connected as the insulating polymer layer 130 is melted.
  • the molten point W which is formed as the insulating polymer layer 130 and the base film 101 are melted by heat generated during the welding process, is formed to be smaller in size than the insulating polymer layer 130.
  • a size G1 of the molten point W is smaller than a width of the conductive portion 102a.
  • the electrical connection between the conductive portion 102a and the lead tab 190 or the metal piece 120 is implemented only at the molten point and the current path is formed at the very small molten point at the time of welding the lead tab 190. Therefore, the portion excluding the molten point, i.e., the portion of the insulating polymer layer 130, which is not melted, may insulate the portion between the conductive portion 102a and the lead tab 190 or the metal piece 120. In addition, the remaining part, except for the molten point, may be exposed to the electrolyte or be in a state in which the electrolyte easily permeates into the remaining part.
  • the electrical connection of the lead tab 190 is formed only on the small molten point (melted part) connected when the insulating polymer layer 130 is melted. Therefore, this configuration is advantageous in blocking the current path and improving the safety of the battery in the event of a short circuit.
  • At least one of the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101 may have a structure in which there is a portion where the insulating polymer layer 130 is not attached, thereby allowing the electrolyte to easily permeate (perform impregnation). That is, the surface of the base film has a porous structure advantageous in electrolyte impregnation.
  • the surface of the base film may have a structure in which the insulating polymer layer 130 is provided on any one of the metal piece 120 and the conductive material 102 only at one side of the base film 101, such that the electrolyte may permeate through a portion where no insulating polymer layer is provided.
  • the gelling properties of the electrolyte may be advantageous in the permeation of the electrolyte.
  • the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190 needs to be provided on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101 to make electric conduction and attach the metal piece 120 and the lead tab 190 to the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101 onto which the conductive materials 102 are applied.
  • the metal pieces need to be provided on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film.
  • the metal piece needs to be provided on one surface of the base film, and the lead tab needs to be provided on the other surface of the base film. If the metal piece or the lead tab is provided only on one surface of the base film, bonding strength or tensile strength of the welded part of the lead tab is low, which makes it difficult to use the lead tab.
  • the insulating polymer layer 130 made of a polymer capable of being melted while making insulation needs to be provided between the metal piece 120 and the conductive material 102 or between the lead tab 190 and the conductive portion 102a in order to ensure performance in blocking the current path and improve safety of the battery in the event of an external short circuit.
  • the electrical connection is implemented only at the molten point formed when the lead tab 190 is welded.
  • the secondary battery including the current collector 100 for an electrode when an external short circuit occurs in any one of the conductive portions 102a separated from one another by the recessed portions 102b, the external short circuit does not affect another conductive portion 102a. This is because the current path is blocked at the molten point of the corresponding short-circuited conductive portion 102a.
  • the conductive portions 102a may each serve as an individual unit cell UC.
  • the conductive portions 102a are completely separated from one another by the recessed portions 102b, and all the conductive portions 102a are connected to the single metal piece 120. Therefore, it can be said that the plurality of conductive portions 102a, which is distinguished by the recessed portions 102b, has a shape identical or equivalent to a shape in which the conductive portions 102a are connected in parallel to the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190.
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode has a shape in which the conductive portions 102a, which may perform the electrical functions of the individual current collectors, are provided as the unit cells UC and connected in parallel to the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190.
  • the unit cells UC may be distinguished by the recessed portions 102b.
  • the unit cell UC may include the metal piece 120, the insulating polymer layer 130, the conductive portion 102a, and the base film 101.
  • the units cell UC may each include at least one molten point W.
  • the conductive portion 102a and the recessed portion 102b of the current collector 100 for an electrode illustrated in FIG. 6A are provided symmetrically at the upper and lower sides of the base film 101 while having the same shape, whereas the conductive portion 102a and the recessed portion 102b of the current collector 100 for an electrode illustrated in FIG. 6B are provided asymmetrically.
  • the unit cells UC may be distinguished based on the molten points W. That is, the unit cells UC may each include at least one molten point W and include the single recessed portion 102b positioned on the upper surface of the base film 101, and the single recessed portion 102b positioned on the lower surface of the base film 101.
  • FIG. 7A is a view for explaining a case in which an external short circuit C occurs in the conductive portion 102a positioned at a lowermost side of the conductive material 102.
  • the unit cell UC including the corresponding conductive portion 102a, in which the external short circuit (see C1) has occurred, is electrically separated from another conductive portion by the recessed portions 102b formed at the two opposite sides of the corresponding conductive portion 102a, such that the external short circuit does not affect another conductive portion 102a.
  • the thickness or amount of the conductive material 102 associated with the current path is inevitably small.
  • the conductive material 102 which is formed to be thin or small, is cracked finely while reacting with the electrolyte as if the conductive material 102 is corroded, the current path is blocked, such that the short-circuit current is reduced or does not flow any further.
  • the recessed portions 102b formed at the two opposite sides of the short-circuited conductive portion 102a prevent the short-circuited conductive portion 102a from affecting another conductive portion. That is, because the recessed portion 102b prevents the short-circuit current from flowing to another conductive portion 102a, a side reaction occurs only in the corresponding short-circuited conductive portion 102a, and no side reaction occurs in the remaining conductive portions 102a. Therefore, the remaining unit cells UC, which are not short-circuited, may exhibit the normal functions. Therefore, it is possible to increase the lifespan of the use of the secondary battery that uses the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the short-circuit current is blocked as a side reaction is concentrated on the portion where the insulating polymer layer 130 is in contact with the conductive material 102 even in the unit cell UC including the corresponding short-circuited conductive portion 102a. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a safety accident such as an explosion or fire of the battery caused by an increase in temperature and to ensure the safety of the secondary battery.
  • the conductive material 102 of the current collector 100 for an electrode may exhibit the function of the electrochemical fuse or the function of blocking the short-circuit current at a portion 102c having a relatively small thickness, thereby preventing an increase in temperature of the battery and ensuring the safety of the battery by blocking the short-circuit current in the event of a short circuit.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a modified example of the current collector for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the recessed portion 102b may be formed in a curved shape or the like instead of a straight shape.
  • the recessed portion 102b may have various shapes because the recessed portion 102b is formed by using a laser after the surface of the base film 101 is completely coated with the conductive material 102.
  • the recessed portion 102b may be formed in a shape having predetermined directionality so that all the conductive portions 102a formed on the base film 101 may be connected to the single metal piece 120 or the single lead tab 190.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a current collector 100 for an electrode according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the recessed portion is formed not only in the conductive material 102 but also in the positive electrode active material 103 applied onto the surface of the conductive material 102.
  • the patterning is performed by using a laser or chemical material in a state in which the positive electrode active material 103 is applied onto the conductive material 102 after the conductive material 102 is applied onto the base film 101 first, removed portions 103b are formed in the positive electrode active material in the patterned portion as the conductive material 102 and the positive electrode active material 103 are removed.
  • the removed portion 103b formed on the positive electrode active material 103b is connected to the recessed portion 102b of the conductive material 102.
  • reference numeral 103a indicates a portion where the positive electrode active material remains.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11A and 11B illustrate a current collector 100 for an electrode according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a stepped portion 102c in which a thickness of the conductive material 102 is relatively small, may be formed in the conductive material 102, i.e., the conductive portion 102a adjacent to one side of the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190. That is, the stepped portion 102c is not a portion where the conductive material 102 is not completely present like the recessed portion 102b. The stepped portion 102c is a portion where the stepped portion 102c has a smaller thickness of the conductive material 102 than the conductive portion 102a.
  • the stepped portion 102c may have a quadrangular cross-sectional shape.
  • the stepped portion 102c may have an inverted triangular cross-sectional shape.
  • the stepped portion 102c may be formed in other shapes other than the shape illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B .
  • the stepped portion 102c may be formed at one side of the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190 and formed at a portion where the conductive portion 102a has a relatively large area.
  • the stepped portion 102c may be formed at the left side of the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190. In this case, the stepped portion 102c may be formed to be maximally close to the metal piece 120 or the lead tab 190.
  • the currents in the remaining conductive portions 102a flow to the short-circuited conductive portion 102a.
  • an electrochemical reaction occurs in the stepped portion 102c present in the short-circuited conductive portion 102a, and the resistance increases, such that the short-circuit current path may be blocked. That is, because a thickness of the conductive material 102 present in the stepped portion 102c is relatively small, the stepped portion 102c may perform the function of the electrochemical fuse or the function of blocking the short-circuit current.
  • the conductive material 102 may react with the electrolyte and be corroded or cracked in the thickness direction over the overall thickness of the conductive material 102, thereby reducing the short-circuit current or blocking the short-circuit current path.
  • the stepped portion 102c in which a thickness of the conductive material 102 is relatively small, is present, and the stepped portion 102c, which has a small thickness of the conductive material 102, is completely corroded or easily cracked in the thickness direction over the overall thickness in the event of a short circuit.
  • the resistance increases in the stepped portion 102c, such that the short-circuit current path may be blocked.
  • the conductive material 102 of the current collector 100 for an electrode exhibits the function of the electrochemical fuse or the function of blocking the short-circuit current in the stepped portion 102c having a relatively small thickness. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in temperature of the battery and ensure the safety of the battery by blocking the short-circuit current in the event of a short circuit.
  • FIGS. 12A and 12B are graphs illustrating a result of reducing or blocking a short-circuit current in the event of an external short circuit of the secondary battery in accordance with a method of connecting the lead tab to the current collector for an electrode according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12A illustrates a test result on an external short circuit of the secondary battery using the current collector 100 for an electrode having the stepped portion 102c formed in the conductive portion 102a, as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11A and 11B .
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode was used, in which PET with a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used for the base film 101, EVA with a thickness of 6 ⁇ m was used for the insulating polymer layer 130, the insulating polymer layer 130 was provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101, and the conductive material 102 made of aluminum with a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m was applied by sputtering.
  • the thickness of the stepped portion 102c was set to be less than 50% of the thickness of the aluminum conductive material 102.
  • FIG. 12B illustrates a test result on an external short circuit of the secondary battery using the current collector 100 for an electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention having the recessed portion 102b formed in the conductive portion 102a, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 8 .
  • the current collector 100 for an electrode was used, in which PET with a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used for the base film 101, and the conductive material 102 made of aluminum with a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m was applied by sputtering.
  • the insulating polymer layers 130 which was made of polyethylene (PE) with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m, were placed on the two opposite upper and lower surfaces of the base film 101, the aluminum metal piece 120 of 12 ⁇ m was placed on one of the insulating polymer layers 130, the lead tab 190 was placed on the other of the insulating polymer layers 130, and the lead tab 190 was connected by ultrasonic welding.
  • the secondary battery which was formed as described above and had a capacity of 550 mAh, was fully charged first to 4.35 V and then subjected to the external short circuit test by connecting a 60 mOhm resistor at room temperature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
EP22775945.3A 2021-03-23 2022-03-07 Collecteur de courant pour électrode Pending EP4318682A1 (fr)

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KR1020210036979A KR102602260B1 (ko) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 전극용 집전체
PCT/KR2022/003208 WO2022203243A1 (fr) 2021-03-23 2022-03-07 Collecteur de courant pour électrode

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JP4249527B2 (ja) * 2002-12-27 2009-04-02 パナソニック株式会社 電気化学素子の製造方法
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JP6707367B2 (ja) * 2016-02-29 2020-06-10 三洋電機株式会社 二次電池及び組電池
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WO2022203243A1 (fr) 2022-09-29

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