EP4229114A1 - Zusammensetzungen mit niedriger dichte mit polyetherblockamiden und hohlglasverstärkungen und verwendung davon - Google Patents
Zusammensetzungen mit niedriger dichte mit polyetherblockamiden und hohlglasverstärkungen und verwendung davonInfo
- Publication number
- EP4229114A1 EP4229114A1 EP21810067.5A EP21810067A EP4229114A1 EP 4229114 A1 EP4229114 A1 EP 4229114A1 EP 21810067 A EP21810067 A EP 21810067A EP 4229114 A1 EP4229114 A1 EP 4229114A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polyamide
- composition
- hollow glass
- equal
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 polytrimethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000572 Nylon 6/12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006152 PA1010 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006396 polyamide 1012 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VPRUMANMDWQMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylethane boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 VPRUMANMDWQMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- BJZYYSAMLOBSDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-2-butoxybutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCO[C@@H](CC)CO BJZYYSAMLOBSDY-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CCCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006177 crystalline aliphatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)=O ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical class [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWSQKOKULIALEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[2-(piperidin-3-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]imidazol-4-yl]acetonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=1N(C(=CN=1)CC#N)C1=NC(=NC=C1)NC1CNCCC1)C(F)(F)F BWSQKOKULIALEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013665 Ampacet Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010029216 Nervousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008331 benzenesulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEJWRQDKIBEMCR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;sodium;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O UEJWRQDKIBEMCR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007278 cyanoethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005165 hydroxybenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FCGASPQFBJKTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FCGASPQFBJKTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHPZPBNDOVQJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 OHPZPBNDOVQJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006146 polyetheresteramide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical class OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/40—Polyamides containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
- C08K7/28—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
Definitions
- TITLE COMPOSITIONS OF POLYETHER BLOCK AMIDES, CARBON FIBERS AND HOLLOW GLASS REINFORCEMENTS PRESENTING A LOW DENSITY AND THEIR USE
- the present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one copolyamide with amide units and with polyether units (or polyether block amide or PEBA), carbon fibers and at least one hollow glass reinforcement having a low density, less than or equal to 1, 02, having a high modulus, in particular a tensile modulus at 23°C, according to ISO527:2012 greater than 1500 MPa and having good impact resistance, especially when cold (-30°C and lower), a good elongation at break and good injectability by an injection molding process and their use for the manufacture of an article, in particular by injection, in particular for electronics, sports, automobiles or industry, in particular for the manufacture of an aircraft.
- polyether units or polyether block amide or PEBA
- carbon fibers and at least one hollow glass reinforcement having a low density, less than or equal to 1, 02, having a high modulus, in particular a tensile modulus at 23°C, according to ISO527:2012 greater than 1500 MPa and having good impact resistance, especially when cold (-30°C and lower
- PEBAs or PEBA-based compositions are often used in these applications for which the nervousness, lightness, ductility, in particular between room temperature and very low temperatures (for example -30°C) of the article comprising these compositions are of great importance.
- the density of PEBAs as measured according to ISO 1183-3:1999 is generally greater than or equal to 1. Nevertheless, this density may be too high for certain applications such as mentioned above, and in particular for sport.
- the Peba may have too low a modulus for certain applications such as mentioned above.
- compositions comprising a thermoplastic resin, carbon fibers and hollow glass beads. This composition does not include PEBA.
- compositions comprising a thermoplastic resin, carbon fibers and hollow glass beads. This composition does not include PEBA.
- Application US20170058123 describes compositions comprising a thermoplastic resin, carbon fibers and hollow glass beads. This composition does not include PEBA.
- compositions comprising a polyamide resin, carbon fibers and hollow glass beads. This composition does not include PEBA.
- compositions comprising a polyamide resin, carbon fibers and hollow glass beads. This composition does not include PEBA.
- compositions comprising a polyamide resin, carbon fibers and hollow glass beads. This composition does not include PEBA.
- the present invention therefore relates to a molding composition, comprising by weight:
- the inventors have unexpectedly found that the addition of hollow glass beads, in a specific proportion range and carbon fibers, in a specific range, in PEBAs made it possible to obtain compositions having a low, lower or equal to 1.02, having high rigidity, and having good impact resistance, in particular cold (-30°C and lower), good elongation at break and good injectability by an injection molding process .
- Poly ether block amides are copolymers with amide units (Bal) and polyether units (Ba2), said amide unit (Bal) corresponding to an aliphatic repeating unit chosen from a unit obtained from at least one amino acid or a pattern obtained from at least one lactam, or an X.Y pattern obtained from polycondensation:
- diamine being preferably chosen from a linear or branched aliphatic diamine or a mixture thereof, and
- said diacid being preferably chosen from: a linear or branched aliphatic diacid, or a mixture thereof, said diamine and said diacid comprising from 4 to 36 carbon atoms, advantageously from 6 to 18 carbon atoms; said polyether units (Ba2) being in particular derived from at least one polyalkylene ether polyol, in particular a polyalkylene ether diol,
- PEBAs result in particular from the copolycondensation of polyamide sequences with reactive ends with polyether sequences with reactive ends, such as, among others:
- Polyamide sequences with dicarboxylic chain ends with polyoxyalkylene sequences with diamine chain ends obtained by cyanoethylation and hydrogenation of aliphatic dihydroxylated alpha-omega polyoxyalkylene sequences called polyalkylene ether diols (polyether diols).
- Polyamide sequences with dicarboxylic chain ends come, for example, from the condensation of polyamide precursors in the presence of a chain-limiting dicarboxylic acid.
- the polyamide sequences with diamine chain ends come, for example, from the condensation of polyamide precursors in the presence of a diamine chain limiter.
- polymers containing polyamide blocks and polyether blocks can also comprise randomly distributed units. These polymers can be prepared by the simultaneous reaction of the polyether and the precursors of the polyamide blocks.
- polyetherdiol, polyamide precursors and a chain-limiting diacid can be reacted.
- a polymer is obtained having essentially polyether blocks, polyamide blocks of very variable length, but also the various reagents having reacted randomly which are distributed randomly (statistically) along the polymer chain.
- polyetherdiamine polyamide precursors and a chain-limiting diacid.
- a polymer is obtained having essentially polyether blocks, polyamide blocks of very variable length, but also the various reagents having reacted randomly which are distributed randomly (statistically) along the polymer chain.
- the amide unit (Bal) corresponds to an aliphatic repeating unit as defined above.
- the amide unit (Bal) is chosen from polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, in particular polyamide 11. More advantageously, the amide unit (Bal) is chosen from polyamide 11 and polyamide 12, in particular polyamide 11.
- the amide unit (Bal) is excluding PAU.
- the polyether units are in particular derived from at least one polyalkylene ether polyol, in particular they are derived from at least one polyalkylene ether polyol, in other words, the polyether units consist of at least one polyalkylene ether polyol.
- the expression “of at least one polyalkylene ether polyol” means that the polyether units consist exclusively of alcohol chain ends and therefore cannot be a compound of the triblock polyetherdiamine type.
- composition of the invention is therefore devoid of triblock polyetherdiamine.
- the polyether units (Ba2) are chosen from polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polytrimethylene glycol (PO3G), polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) and their mixtures or their copolymers, in particular PTMG.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- PPG polypropylene glycol
- PO3G polytrimethylene glycol
- PTMG polytetramethylene glycol
- the number-average molecular mass (Mn) of the polyether blocks is advantageously from 200 to 4000 g/mole, preferably from 250 to 2500 g/mole, in particular from 300 and 1100 g/mole.
- PEBA can be prepared by the following process:
- the polyamide blocks (Bal) are prepared by polycondensation of the lactam(s), or of the amino acid(s), or of the diamine(s) and of the diacid(s) carboxylic(s); and, where appropriate, comonomer(s) chosen from lactams and alpha-omega aminocarboxylic acids; in the presence of a chain limiter chosen from dicarboxylic acids; then
- the block formation reaction (Bal) usually takes place between 180 and 300°C, preferably from 200 to 290°C, the pressure in the reactor is established between 5 and 30 bars, and it is maintained for approximately 2 to 3 time. The pressure is slowly reduced by bringing the reactor to atmospheric pressure, then the excess water is distilled, for example, for an hour or two.
- the polyamide with carboxylic acid ends having been prepared, the polyether and a catalyst are then added.
- the polyether can be added in one or more stages, likewise for the catalyst.
- the polyether is first added, the reaction of the OH ends of the polyether and of the COOH ends of the polyamide begins with the formation of ester bonds and the elimination of water. As much water as possible is removed from the reaction medium by distillation, then the catalyst is introduced to complete the bonding of the polyamide blocks and the polyether blocks.
- This second stage is carried out with stirring, preferably under a vacuum of at least 15 mm Hg (2000 Pa) at a temperature such that the reactants and the copolymers obtained are in the molten state.
- this temperature may be between 100 and 400°C and most often 200 and 300°C.
- the reaction is monitored by measuring the torque exerted by the molten polymer on the stirrer or by measuring the electrical power consumed by the stirrer. The end of the reaction is determined by the value of the target torque or power.
- said dicarboxylic acid is used as chain limiter, which is introduced in excess with respect to the stoichiometry of the diamine or diamines.
- the catalyst used is a derivative of a metal chosen from the group formed by titanium, zirconium and hafnium or a strong acid such as phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid or boric acid.
- the polycondensation can be carried out at a temperature of 240 to 280°C.
- copolymers with ether and amide units consist of linear and semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide sequences (for example the “Pebax” from Arkema).
- the copolyamide with amide units (Bal) and polyether units (Ba2) has a density greater than or equal to 1, in particular greater than or equal to 1.01, in particular greater than or equal to 1.02, such as determined according to ISO 1183-3: 1999.
- the modulus of PEBA (A) is less than 250 MPa, in particular less than 200 MPa, in particular less than 150 MPa, more particularly less than 100 MPa as measured according to standard ISO 178:2010, at 23°C.
- the carbon fibers in the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide molding composition according to the invention are preferably present from 5 to 30% by weight, in particular from 10 to 20% by weight, in particular from 12.5 to 17.5 % by weight, relative to the sum of the constituents of the composition.
- the carbon fibers used in the molding composition defined above may in particular be in the form of chopped (or short) fibers or in the form of bundles of chopped (or short) fibers or in the form of ground carbon fibers or in the form of rice grain or in the form of granules.
- the carbon fibers are preferably cut (or short) carbon fibers and have a length having an arithmetic mean of 0.1 to 50 mm, in particular between 2 and 10 mm.
- the ground carbon fibers Before compounding, the ground carbon fibers have a length exhibiting an arithmetic mean comprised from 50 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the ground carbon fibers After compounding, in the composition to be molded, the ground carbon fibers have a length exhibiting an arithmetic mean of less than 400 ⁇ m.
- the short carbon fibers After compounding, in the composition to be molded, the short carbon fibers have a length exhibiting an arithmetic mean comprised from 100 to 600 ⁇ m, in particular from 150 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the length of the fibers having an arithmetic mean as defined above is determined according to ISO 22314:2006 (E).
- Carbon fibers can be made, for example, from PAN (polyacrylonitrile), or coal pitch or cellulose-based fibers.
- the carbon fibers in the composition can also be anisotropic.
- the carbon fibers used in the polyamide composition have a diameter of 5 to 12 ⁇ m, a tensile strength of 1000 to 7000 MPa and an elastic modulus of 200 to 700 GPa.
- carbon fibers are produced by exposing a suitable polymer fiber made of polyacrylonitrile, pitch or rayon to controlled changing conditions of temperature and atmosphere.
- carbon fibers can be produced by stabilizing PAN yarns or fabrics in an oxidizing atmosphere at 200 to 300 degrees Centigrade and subsequent carbonization in an inert atmosphere above 600 degrees Centigrade.
- Such methods are state-of-the-art and described, for example, in H. Heissler, "Reinforced plastics in the aerospace industry", Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1986.
- size designates the surface treatments applied to the reinforcing fibers at the end of the die (textile size) and to the fabrics (plastic size). They are generally organic in nature (thermosetting or thermoplastic resin type).
- the "textile" size applied to the fibres, at the end of the die, consists of depositing a bonding agent ensuring the cohesion of the fibers together, reducing abrasion and facilitating subsequent handling (weaving, draping, knitting) and avoiding the formation electrostatic charges.
- the "plastic” or “finish” size applied to the fabrics consists of depositing a bridging agent whose roles are to ensure a physico-chemical bond between the fibers and the resin and to protect the fiber from its environment.
- the carbon fiber of the component may be recycled carbon fiber.
- Hollow glass reinforcement corresponds to a glass reinforcement material whose structure is hollow (as opposed to solid) and which can have any shape as long as this shape is hollow.
- the hollow glass reinforcement may in particular be hollow glass fibers or hollow glass beads.
- the hollow glass reinforcement is chosen by the hollow glass beads.
- the hollow and short glass fibers preferably have a length of between 2 and 13 mm, preferably of 3 to 8 mm, before the compositions are used.
- hollow fiberglass glass fibers whose hollow (or hole or light or void) inside the fiber is not necessarily concentric with respect to the outer diameter of said fiber.
- Hollow fiberglass can be:
- the diameter of the hollow (the term "hollow” can also be referred to as either a hole or a hole or a void) is not equal to the outer diameter of the hollow fiberglass.
- the diameter of the hollow represents from 10% to 80%, in particular from 60 to 80% of the outer diameter of the hollow fiber.
- L and D can be measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- the hollow glass reinforcement is hollow glass beads.
- the hollow glass beads are present in the composition from 5 to 20% by weight, in particular from 10 to 15% by weight.
- the hollow glass beads have a compressive strength, measured according to ASTM D 3102-72 (1982) in glycerol, of at least 50 MPa and particularly preferably of at least 100 MPa.
- the hollow glass beads have an average volumetric diameter d 5 o of 10 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 13 to 50 ⁇ m, measured by means of laser diffraction in accordance with standard ASTM B 822-17.
- the hollow glass beads can be surface treated with, for example, systems based on aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, polyamides, in particular water-soluble polyamides, fatty acids, waxes, silanes, titanates, Urethanes, polyhydroxyethers, epoxides, nickel or mixtures thereof can be used for this purpose.
- the hollow glass beads are preferably surface treated with aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, polyamides or mixtures thereof.
- the hollow glass beads can be formed from borosilicate glass, preferably from sodium carbonate-calcium oxide-borosilicate glass.
- the hollow glass beads preferably have an actual density of 0.10 to 0.65 g/cm 3, preferably 0.20 to 0.60 g/cm 3, particularly preferably 0.30 to 0. .50 g / cm 3, measured according to ASTM D 2840-69 (1976) with a gas pycnometer and helium as the measuring gas.
- the hollow glass beads have a compressive strength, as measured according to ASTM D 3102-72 (1982) in glycerol, of at least 50 MPa, in particular of at least 100 MPa.
- said molding composition comprises by weight:
- said molding composition consists by weight of:
- said composition comprises by weight:
- said molding composition consists by weight of:
- said composition comprises by weight:
- said molding composition consists by weight of:
- the molding composition according to the invention has a density less than or equal to 1.02, preferably less than or equal to 1.01, more preferably less than or equal to 1, even more preferably less than 1, as determined according to ISO 1183-3: 1999.
- the amide unit (Bal) corresponds to an aliphatic repeating unit as defined above.
- the amide unit (Bal) of the copolyamide of the composition of the invention is chosen from polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, in particular polyamide 11.
- the amide unit (Bal) of the copolyamide of the composition of the invention is chosen from polyamide 11 and polyamide 12, in particular polyamide 11.
- said composition defined above has a tensile modulus at 23° C., according to ISO527:2012, greater than 1500 MPa.
- the amide unit (Bal) is excluding PAU.
- the additive is optional and comprised from 0 to 5%, in particular from 0.1 to 2% by weight.
- the additive is chosen from fillers, colorants, stabilizers, plasticizers, surfactants, nucleating agents, pigments, brighteners, antioxidants, lubricants, flame retardants, natural waxes, impact modifiers, additives for laser marking, and mixtures thereof.
- the stabilizer can be a UV stabilizer, an organic stabilizer or more generally a combination of organic stabilizers, such as a phenol-type antioxidant (for example of the type of that of irganox® 245 or 1098 or 1010 of the company Ciba-BASF), a phosphite-type antioxidant (for example irgafos® 126 from the company Ciba-BASF) and even possibly other stabilizers such as a HALS, which means Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer or light stabilizer of the hindered amine (for example Tinuvin® 770 from the company Ciba-BASF), an anti-UV (for example Tinuvin® 312 from the company Ciba), a stabilizer based on phosphorus. It is also possible to use antioxidants of the amine type such as Naugard® 445 from the company Crompton or alternatively polyfunctional stabilizers such as Nylostab® S-EED from the company Clariant.
- organic stabilizers such as a
- This stabilizer can also be an inorganic stabilizer, such as a copper-based stabilizer.
- a copper-based stabilizer By way of example of such inorganic stabilizers, mention may be made of copper halides and acetates. Incidentally, one can possibly consider other metals such as silver, but these are known to be less effective. These copper-based compounds are typically associated with alkali metal halides, particularly potassium.
- the plasticizers are chosen from benzene sulfonamide derivatives, such as n-butyl benzene sulfonamide (BBSA); ethyl toluene sulfonamide or N-cyclohexyl toluene sulfonamide; hydroxybenzoic acid esters, such as ethyl-2-hexyl parahydroxybenzoate and decyl-2-hexyl parahydroxybenzoate; tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol esters or ethers, such as oligoethyleneoxytetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; and esters of citric acid or hydroxy-malonic acid, such as oligoethyleneoxy malonate.
- BBSA n-butyl benzene sulfonamide
- ethyl toluene sulfonamide or N-cyclohexyl toluene sulfonamide hydroxybenzoic acid esters, such
- the fillers can be chosen from silica, graphite, expanded graphite, carbon black, kaolin, magnesia, slag, talc, wollastonite, mica, nanofillers (nanotubes of carbon), pigments, metal oxides (titanium oxide), metals, advantageously wollastonite and talc, preferentially talc.
- the impact modifiers are polyolefins having a modulus ⁇ 200 MPa, in particular ⁇ 100 MPa, as measured according to standard ISO 178:2010, at 23°C.
- the impact modifier is chosen from a polyolefin having a modulus ⁇ 200 MPa, in particular ⁇ 100 MPa, functionalized or not, and mixtures thereof.
- the functionalized polyolefin carries a function chosen from maleic anhydride, carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride and epoxide functions, and is in particular chosen from ethylene/octene copolymers, ethylene/butene copolymers, ethylene/propylene elastomers (EPR), ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers with an elastomeric character (EPDM) and ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers.
- EPR ethylene/propylene elastomers
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers with an elastomeric character
- EPDM ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers.
- the additives for laser marking are: Iriotec® 8835/Iriotec® 8850 from MERCK and Laser Mark® 1001074-E/Laser Mark® 1001088-E from Ampacet Corporation.
- the present invention relates to the use of a composition as defined above, for the manufacture of an article, in particular for electronics, for sports, automobiles or industry.
- the article is made by injection molding.
- the present invention relates to an article obtained by injection molding with a composition as defined above. All the technical characteristics detailed above for the composition as such are valid for the article.
- the present invention relates to the use of 5 to 20% by weight of hollow glass reinforcement with at least one PEBA and carbon fibers optionally comprising at least one additive, said PEBA being present from 45 to 90% by weight, said carbon fibers being present from 5 to 30% by weight and said additive being comprised from 0 to 5% by weight, for the constitution of a composition whose density is lower than that of said PEBA used alone with optionally at least one additive, and said density of said composition being less than or equal to 1.02.
- compositions in Table 1 were prepared by melt-blending PEBA granules (Arkema) with the hollow glass beads, the carbon fibers and optionally the additives, and those in Table 2 by melt-blending the PEBA granules (Arkema) and additives.
- This mixture was carried out by compounding on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a diameter of 26 mm with a temperature profile (T°) flat at 250°C.
- the screw speed is 250 rpm and the flow rate is 15 kg/h.
- the introduction of hollow glass beads and carbon fibers is carried out by lateral force-feeding.
- the PEBA(s) and the additives are added during the compounding process in the main hopper.
- compositions were then molded on an injection molding machine (Engel) at a set temperature of 250° C. and a mold temperature of 50° C. in the form of IA dumbbells or impact bars in order to study the properties of the compositions according to the standards below.
- the tensile properties were measured at 23°C according to the ISO 527-1: 2019 standard on type IA dumbbells.
- the machine used is of the INSTRON 5966 type.
- the speed of the crosshead is 1 mm/min for measuring the modulus and 5 mm/min for measuring the elongation at break.
- the test conditions are 23°C +/- 2°C under a relative humidity of 50% +/- 10%, on dry samples.
- the impact resistance was determined according to ISO 179-1: 2010 / leU and ISO 179-1: 2010 / leA (Charpy impact) on bars of dimension 80mm x 10mm x 4mm, respectively unnotched and notched, at a temperature of 23°C +/- 2°C at relative humidity of 50% +/- 10% or at -30°C +/-2°C at relative humidity of 50% +/- 10% or at -35° C +/-2°C under a relative humidity of 50% +/- 10% on dry samples.
- the density of the injected compositions was measured according to standard ISO 1183-3:1999 at a temperature of 23° C. on the bars of dimension 80mm ⁇ 10mm ⁇ 4mm.
- the different compositions (E1 to E5: compositions of the invention) and (CEI to CE8 comparative) and their properties are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
- compositions according to the invention have higher elongations than the comparative examples CEI and CE2.
- Type IA dumbbells and shock bars were obtained by injection on an Engel type injection molding machine:
- OK means the injectability is good and the surface appearance is visually very good.
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FR2010535A FR3115285B1 (fr) | 2020-10-15 | 2020-10-15 | Compositions de polyether block amides, de fibres de carbone et de renforts de verre creux presentant une faible densite et leur utilisation |
PCT/FR2021/051765 WO2022079380A1 (fr) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-10-12 | Compositions de polyether block amides, de fibres de carbone et de renforts de verre creux presentant une faible densite et leur utilisation |
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EP (1) | EP4229114A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2023546130A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230087529A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116348533A (de) |
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JPS63104283A (ja) | 1986-10-22 | 1988-05-09 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | ディスク再生装置 |
JPH0561701A (ja) | 1991-08-31 | 1993-03-12 | Nec Corp | アドレス制御メモリ用監視装置 |
FR2846332B1 (fr) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-12-03 | Atofina | Copolymeres transparents a blocs polyamides et blocs polyethers |
US7056975B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2006-06-06 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Thermoplastic resin composition having improved resistance to hydrolysis |
JP2007530739A (ja) | 2004-03-22 | 2007-11-01 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 充填繊維補強された熱可塑性複合材 |
JP2007119669A (ja) | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Ube Ind Ltd | ポリアミド樹脂組成物 |
FR2909674B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-08 | 2012-08-24 | Arkema France | Copolymere a blocs polyamide, polyester et polyether |
FR2936803B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-06 | 2012-09-28 | Arkema France | Copolymere a blocs issu de matieres renouvelables et procede de fabrication d'un tel copolymere a blocs. |
JP2013010847A (ja) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-17 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維強化樹脂組成物およびその成形品 |
EP3135731B1 (de) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-11-01 | Ems-Patent Ag | Polyamidformmasse und daraus herstellbare formkörper |
KR20210089169A (ko) | 2018-11-06 | 2021-07-15 | 이엠에스-패턴트 에이지 | 폴리아미드 성형 조성물, 이로부터 제조된 성형 물품 및 적용 가능한 이의 용도 |
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FR3115285B1 (fr) | 2023-11-17 |
FR3115285A1 (fr) | 2022-04-22 |
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WO2022079380A1 (fr) | 2022-04-21 |
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