EP4183953A1 - Vorrichtung zur diatonischen verbindung zweier flächen einer hohlkastenwand - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur diatonischen verbindung zweier flächen einer hohlkastenwand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4183953A1
EP4183953A1 EP22208011.1A EP22208011A EP4183953A1 EP 4183953 A1 EP4183953 A1 EP 4183953A1 EP 22208011 A EP22208011 A EP 22208011A EP 4183953 A1 EP4183953 A1 EP 4183953A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
shank
flange
wall
adhesive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22208011.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4183953B1 (de
Inventor
Alberto CAPITANUCCI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CoGeMar Engineering Srl
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CoGeMar Engineering Srl
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Publication of EP4183953A1 publication Critical patent/EP4183953A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G23/0222—Replacing or adding wall ties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the building industry and specifically to a device for the diatonic connection of the two faces of a hollow box wall.
  • Hollow box walls also known as cavity walls or double-wall masonry, are formed of two layers (faces) that are more or less spaced apart, a gap being created between said faces for the insertion of a layer of insulating material.
  • Hollow box walls are commonly used for the cladding of buildings with reinforced concrete structure and are available in different constructive solutions depending on the date of construction of the building and/or on the geographical area wherein the building is located.
  • the perimeter cladding walls are composed of single-layer or multi-layer masonry panels, which are defined and confined by the pillars vertically and by the beams horizontally.
  • the first mechanism is triggered in the presence of a weak or ineffective adhesion of the upper and lateral sections of the wall with the load-bearing structure.
  • the wall When subjected to the inertia forces activated by the seismic acceleration, the wall undergoes an overturning with rigid body motion that involves the wall, either entirely or partially.
  • the activation of such a mechanism is strongly favored by the possible damage of the wall due to actions in the plane of the wall that may cause the detachment of the wall from the load-bearing structure and the consequent degradation of the constraint conditions between the wall and the load-bearing structure.
  • an interplane displacement in orthogonal direction relative to the plane of the wall will favor the loss of stability and the ejection of the wall out of its original plane.
  • the wall responds with a plate-like behavior to the actions that are directed out of its plane.
  • an "arc" resistant mechanism is activated inside the thickness of the wall, with the formation of three hinges with linear development disposed at the ends of the wall and at about half of its height. The direction along which the formation of such a mechanism can be expected is a function of the relationship between the thickness and the dimensions of the wall.
  • the axes of the hinges will be disposed along the largest dimension, and, therefore, in a wall with length L and height H, the axes of the hinges will have a horizontal development if L>H and, conversely, a vertical development if L ⁇ H.
  • the collapse of the wall is favored by the fact that the wall is made in "through" continuity with respect to the pillars: in such a case, the constraint is represented by the slabs projecting from the beams - with dimensions equal to the thickness of the panels - and, therefore, the cladding panel is confined only at the top and at the base.
  • the cladding panels must always be confined in the vertical and horizontal elements of the load-bearing structure and must be in contact with them for the entire thickness of the panels.
  • Multi-layer hollow box walls consist of two faces (an inner face and an outer face) and of a cavity provided between the faces. Therefore, the confinement along the perimeter of the panel must be guaranteed for both faces to ensure the safety of the panel against collapsing kinematics.
  • a significant increase in the safety of the hollow box wall can also be achieved through an effective transverse connection between the faces by means of diatons that are appropriately distributed on the wall surface.
  • diatons can be realized by applying compression-resistant elements (e.g. solid bricks) inside cavities obtained in each one of the faces and constraining the two faces by means of traction using tie rods made of polymer fiber.
  • said technique provides for the coupling with a reinforcement system made of bands of fiber-reinforced material. Therefore, it is evident that such a solution can be conveniently used only in cases where it is possible to intervene on both the inner face and the outer face.
  • the diatons according to the conventional technique as illustrated above have the drawback of requiring interventions on both the inner face and the outer face. Obviously, if one of the two faces were a valuable face, the invasiveness of the traditional technique would irreparably compromise its aesthetic appearance. Moreover, it would be impossible to guarantee the efficacy of the intervention by operating only on one side of the wall.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by providing a device for the diatonic connection of the two faces of a hollow box wall in a way that allows one of the two faces to be safeguarded.
  • Another purpose is to provide such a device that is simple to make and install, as well as efficient and reliable in connecting the two faces of the hollow box wall.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a hollow box wall that is comprehensively indicated with reference numeral 200.
  • the wall (200) comprises a first face (201), a second face (202) and a cavity (203) disposed between the two faces.
  • the first face (201) has a thickness (D1)
  • the second face (202) has a thickness (D2)
  • the cavity (203) has a width (D3).
  • the first face (201) has an inner surface (201a) facing the cavity (203) and an outer surface (201b) facing the outside.
  • the second face (202) has an inner surface (202a) facing the cavity (203) and an outer surface (202b) facing the outside.
  • Plaster (204) is placed on the outer surfaces (201b, 202b) of the first face and of the second face.
  • the device (100) comprises:
  • the shank (1) is suitable for passing through a hole (205) of the first face (201) of the wall, so that the bottom (3) is attached to the inner surface (202a) of the second face of the wall by means of an adhesive cushion (4) and the flange (2) is attached to the outer surface (201b) of the first face by means of an adhesive.
  • the device (100) may optionally comprise a reset plate (5) suitable for being applied to the flange (2) and glued to the flange (2) and to the first face in order to reset the outer surface of the first face.
  • the shank (1) has a length (L) equal to the width (D3) of the cavity (203) of the wall increased by the thickness of the only face that can be perforated.
  • the length (L) of the shank is equal to the width (D3) of the cavity increased by the thickness (D1) of the first face.
  • the second face (202) may be perforated, and in such a case the length (L) of the shank would be equal to the width (D3) of the cavity increased by the thickness (D2) of the second face.
  • the shank (1) can have a cylindrical hollow tubular shape.
  • the shank can be made with cylindrical sheet metal, such as galvanized steel.
  • the shank (1) depends on the type of intervention to be carried out.
  • the shank can be obtained from a cylindrical S235JR steel plate having a diameter of 88.9 mm and a thickness of 3.0 mm.
  • the flange (2) is obtained from a sheet (6) having a rectangular shape, with a first longitudinal edge (60) and a second longitudinal edge (61). Going from the first longitudinal edge (60) to the second longitudinal edge (61), the sheet has a coupling portion (62) suitable for being coupled with a collar (12) of the shank and a useful portion (63) suitable for projecting from the shank in order to form the flange (2).
  • the sheet (6) is bent in such a way to form a cylinder (65) (see Figs. 1 , 4 and 6 ).
  • the coupling portion (62) of the cylinder is fitted onto the collar (12) of the shank (1), around and near the first end (10) of the shank.
  • Fixing means (64) are interposed between the collar (12) of the shank and the coupling portion (64) of the cylinder (65) to securely fasten the cylinder (65) to the shank.
  • the fixing means (64) may be adhesive means, such as an epoxy resin or polyurethane resin, or other equivalent fixing systems, such as welding, interlocking, press fitting, threaded fitting, and the like.
  • the sheet (6) has a length (W)
  • the coupling portion (62) has a length (W1)
  • the useful portion (63) has a length (W2).
  • the length (W2) of the useful portion (63) of the cylinder (65) is equal to the radial extension of the flange (2).
  • longitudinal notches (66) are made on the useful portion (63) of the cylinder (65), e.g. four longitudinal notches (66) angularly spaced apart by 90°.
  • fins (67) are obtained, which are bent outward at the first end (10) of the shank in such a way to obtain the flange (2) that protrudes radially from the shank (1) (shown in Figs. 2 , 7 and 10 .)
  • the sheet (6) used for the cylinder (65) can be an FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) fabric comprising carbon, glass and basalt fibers.
  • the arrangement of the fibers is a one-way arrangement, i.e. with axial direction with respect to the axis of the cylinder (65).
  • the cylinder (65) can also be made of sheet metal, such as galvanized steel sheet, just like the shank.
  • the flange (2) can be made in one piece with the shank (1).
  • the device (100) has a cylindrical shape so that it can be easily transported and packaged.
  • the device comprises the cylindrical useful portion (63) suitable for being cut with longitudinal notches (66) to obtain fins (67) that are bent so as to obtain the flange (2).
  • the thickness of the useful portion (63) must be such as to allow the operator to cut longitudinal notches (66) with ordinary manual cutting devices and to manually bend the fins (67).
  • the useful portion (63) can be obtained from a sheet of FRP fabric or from a sheet metal with thickness lower than 3 mm.
  • the bottom (3) is made of perforated sheet metal with holes (30) of about 2-3 mm suitable for the penetration of the pasty adhesive of the adhesive cushion (4).
  • the bottom (3) is attached to the second end (11) of the shank by means of welding, such as spot welding.
  • the adhesive cushion (4) is made of resin, such as epoxy resin in pasty state.
  • the adhesive cushion (4) is applied to the bottom (3) in contact with the inner surface (201a) of the second face.
  • the reset plate (5) is rectangular in shape and preferably made of an FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) fabric comprising carbon, glass and basalt fibers oriented in a two-axial or a multi-axial way.
  • FRP Fiber Reinforced Polymers
  • Fig. 11 illustrates the hollow box wall (200) before the process is performed. Only the first face (201), and not the second face (202), is perforated.
  • a hole (205) with a circular shape is drilled in the first face (201) by means of a circular cutter (7).
  • the diameter of the hole (205) is slightly larger than the diameter of the shank (1), so that the shank (1) can be inserted into the hole (205).
  • the plaster (204) around the hole (205) on the outer surface (201b) of the first face is removed to form an adhesion seat (206) suitable for accommodating the flange (2) and the reset plate (5).
  • Such an adhesion seat (206) is appropriately treated and cleaned to allow the adhesive to set effectively.
  • An adhesion surface (207) is prepared and cleaned on the inner surface (202a) of the second face whereon the bottom (3) of the device is to be glued by means of the adhesive cushion (4).
  • the adhesive cushion (4) is applied to the bottom (3).
  • the shank (1) of the device is inserted into the hole (205) of the first face until the adhesive cushion (4) goes in contact with the adhesion surface (207) of the second face, thus fixing the device (100) to the second face (202).
  • the longitudinal notches (66) are cut on the useful part (63) of the cylinder (65) so as to obtain the fins (67) that are bent outward in order to obtain the flange (2) that abuts the outer surface (201b) of the first face, inside the adhesion seat (206).
  • An adhesive such as epoxy resin, is disposed in the adhesion seat (206) to glue the flange (2) to the first face (201). In such a way, the device (100) is also fixed to the first face (201).
  • the reset plate (5) is disposed in the adhesion seat (206), abutting above the flange (2), and adhesive is applied to glue the reset plate (5) to the flange (2) and to the first face (201). Then the plaster is applied onto the adhesion seat (206) in such a way to cover the reset plate (5).
  • the reduced invasiveness of the device (100) may be a discriminating factor when choosing how to proceed.
  • the device (100) is particularly useful in cases where the intervention also affects the inner face (in many cases the inner face consists of brick elements with 6cm thickness) and, consequently the interior of the building is involved.
  • the device (100) is the only solution capable of achieving a good result, operating only from one side of the wall.
  • the operating principle of device (100) is that of mutual constraint of the two faces (201, 202) of the wall.
  • the device (100) comprises the tubular shank (1) closed with the bottom (3) on the second end (11) and provided with either a rigid or a moldable flange (2) on the first end (110).
  • connection between the faces (101, 102) is established between the outer surface (201b) of the first face (201) and the inner surface (202a) of the second face (202), by gluing the bottom (3) to the inner surface (202a) of the second face (202) and the flange (2) to the outer surface (201b) of the first face.
  • the adhesion surface (207) of the second face and the adhesion seat (206) of the first face are freed from possible mortar accumulation and are prepared by removing the unstable finishing layers.
  • the adhesive cushion (4) which consists of a layer of adhesive, such as epoxy resin and/or any other type of adhesive material with pasty consistency, is applied onto the bottom (3).
  • the device (100) is inserted into the hole (205) of the first face and adhered to the second face (202).
  • the size and the length of the hole (205) of the first face are such that the device (100) is kept in a correct position for a proper adhesion of the bottom (3) to the second face.
  • the adhesion of the first face to the outer surface (201b) is achieved by attaching the flange (2).
  • the flange (2) has a circular crown development with an area greater than or equal to that of the bottom (3).
  • the gluing to the first face (201) is the ordinary gluing used for all FRP fabrics. Once the flange (2) has adhered to the first face (201), the outer face of the first face (201) is reset by applying the reset plate (5) and the surface flatness is restored by means of plastering and finishing.
  • the arrangement and the number of the devices (100) depend on the specific construction and on the geometry of the wall. Generally speaking, the recommended arrangement is the "quincunx" arrangement.
  • the device (100) can be made of any material of proven mechanical properties and durability, in welded or mechanical composition. If the device is made of steel, it can be obtained by press-forming. If the device is made of plastic material, it can be obtained by thermo-welding. The device can be entirely made of resin-stabilized FRP fabrics.
  • the shank (1) and the bottom (3) are made of steel, although they can be made of any other material.
  • the bottom (3) is made from a perforated sheet plate with circular holes that is spot-welded to the edge of the shank. The assembled component (shank and bottom) is subjected to a (hot or electrolytic) galvanization process.
  • the flange (2) is preferably made from a fabric with one-way fibers with high mechanical properties (carbon, glass, basalt), although it can be made from any other material.
  • the fabric is glued to the collar (12) of the shank by means of epoxy resin and/or any other type of adhesive material.
  • the flange (2) can also be made of sheet steel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP22208011.1A 2021-11-19 2022-11-17 Vorrichtung zur diatonischen verbindung von zwei flächen einer hohlkastenwand Active EP4183953B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000029360A IT202100029360A1 (it) 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Dispositivo per connessione diatonica di due paramenti di una parete a cassa vuota.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4183953A1 true EP4183953A1 (de) 2023-05-24
EP4183953B1 EP4183953B1 (de) 2023-12-13

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EP22208011.1A Active EP4183953B1 (de) 2021-11-19 2022-11-17 Vorrichtung zur diatonischen verbindung von zwei flächen einer hohlkastenwand

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4183953B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2975492T3 (de)
IT (1) IT202100029360A1 (de)
PT (1) PT4183953T (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1650368A2 (de) * 2004-10-23 2006-04-26 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Verschlussdeckel für eine Befestigungsanordnung
EP2662503A2 (de) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-13 Edmond Rube Befestigung zum Befestigen einer Last an einer Struktur
US20160053503A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Kulstoff Composite Products, LLC Fiber reinforced anchors and connectors, methods of making anchors and connectors, and processes for reinforcing a structure
EP3543415A1 (de) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-25 Claus Cichos Gedämmter fassadenverbund mit durchbrüchen und verfahren zur herstellung der durchbrüche

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1650368A2 (de) * 2004-10-23 2006-04-26 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Verschlussdeckel für eine Befestigungsanordnung
EP2662503A2 (de) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-13 Edmond Rube Befestigung zum Befestigen einer Last an einer Struktur
US20160053503A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Kulstoff Composite Products, LLC Fiber reinforced anchors and connectors, methods of making anchors and connectors, and processes for reinforcing a structure
EP3543415A1 (de) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-25 Claus Cichos Gedämmter fassadenverbund mit durchbrüchen und verfahren zur herstellung der durchbrüche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2975492T3 (es) 2024-07-08
EP4183953B1 (de) 2023-12-13
PT4183953T (pt) 2024-03-14
IT202100029360A1 (it) 2023-05-19

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