EP4163556A1 - Method and apparatus for preventing ice formation in a tub for collecting condensate of an evaporator of a heat pump - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for preventing ice formation in a tub for collecting condensate of an evaporator of a heat pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4163556A1 EP4163556A1 EP22199716.6A EP22199716A EP4163556A1 EP 4163556 A1 EP4163556 A1 EP 4163556A1 EP 22199716 A EP22199716 A EP 22199716A EP 4163556 A1 EP4163556 A1 EP 4163556A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- heat
- overflow
- pan
- collecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 101150006573 PAN1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/36—Drip trays for outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/34—Heater, e.g. gas burner, electric air heater
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for preventing ice formation and/or for defrosting existing ice in a pan for collecting condensate from an evaporator of a heat pump, in particular an evaporator through which ambient air flows.
- Heat pumps which extract heat from the ambient air and thus heat a building and/or process water
- a heat exchanger through which ambient air can flow (usually this is an evaporator in a heat pump circuit or a condenser in the refrigeration circuit), which can ice up at low air temperatures. Then ice collects on the heat exchanger surfaces of the heat exchanger, which must be defrosted before the heat transfer is too low or the heat exchanger is even damaged.
- water defrosted ice or condensed water
- drip pan can also ice up and/or its drain can be clogged with ice, which should be prevented.
- a problem with this is the size of a typical sump, which makes it difficult to distribute heat to all areas where water can drip (and possibly freeze) into the sump. Since the bottom and walls of the drip pan cannot be of any thickness for cost reasons (and are not necessarily made of material that conducts heat well), they only conduct heat from one heated area to other areas to a small extent. Therefore, heating devices for drip trays are often designed in a very complex way or are ineffective. In particular, heating mats that are placed in a drip tray often do not have good thermally conductive contact with the bottom of the tray, so that heat can be lost without being used.
- drip trays In order to prevent water from accumulating in some areas of a drip tray and freezing there and possibly causing damage, drip trays are usually designed in such a way that their bottom has a minimum gradient towards a drain, which means a certain height and also requires drip trays to be right set up exactly horizontally.
- the object of the present invention is to at least alleviate the problems described in connection with the prior art and in particular to create a method and a device that prevent icing of a pan for collecting condensate of a heat exchanger of a heat pump system.
- a method for preventing icing in a collecting pan for water that drips from a heat exchanger of a heat pump system through which ambient air can flow contributes to the solution, with water being backed up in the collecting pan up to a predeterminable height and then being discharged through an overflow and/or drain and with the drip tray and/or the accumulated water being supplied with so much heat when there is a risk of freezing that the accumulated water does not drop below a predeterminable minimum temperature.
- the air heat exchanger which acts either as an evaporator in heating mode or as a condenser in cooling mode.
- the heat pump can be arranged in an outdoor area and thus at least partly subject to the weather conditions of the surroundings.
- the drip pan is positioned relative to the heat exchanger so that water (eg condensate) and/or water flowing there (rain, dew, ice, snow) that forms on the heat exchanger can be preferably collected below the heat exchanger and stored to a specified extent.
- the drip pan is designed in such a way that it can hold a specified volume (water, snow, etc.) and if more water/snow, etc.
- the collecting trough has in particular a height that defines a predetermined collecting volume for water. Furthermore, it is now provided that heat is supplied to the collecting pan and/or the water/snow etc. located therein for a predetermined time so that a minimum temperature of the water can (safely) be maintained.
- the minimum temperature is one at which, in particular, no ice formation is possible.
- the point in time can be predetermined based on a risk of freezing. When there is a "risk of freezing” can be specified (automatically) using various parameters and/or measured values.
- the “danger” may include current or (future) environmental conditions for water to freeze. "Freezing" can mean in particular that the accumulated water freezes mostly or even completely. This is to be differentiated in particular from the case of thawing of already (completely) frozen water in the collecting basin.
- the accumulated (warm or heated) water itself supports the distribution of heat from a heating device by conduction and convection, regardless of where and how the heat is supplied to the drip pan and/or the water. It is no longer necessary to heat a bottom of the drip tray as evenly as possible, and there is no heat z. B. from heating mats placed in the drip pan is lost more directly to the environment instead of heating the water first. At the same time, the water also acts as a heat accumulator, so that there is no immediate fear of freezing if the outside temperature is briefly low.
- the shape and exact horizontal alignment of the bottom of the drip tray are no longer important, as long as its bumps and elevations are essentially covered by water. In this way, heating mats or pipe coils can be arranged inside the collection pan without impairing the drainage of the (backed-up) water.
- the method of damming up the water is not important.
- the simplest way to do this is with an overflow that is at the predeterminable level, but it is also possible to open a low-lying drain using a valve, e.g. B. a float valve to close, which only opens when and as long as the water level exceeds the predetermined height.
- a valve e.g. B. a float valve to close, which only opens when and as long as the water level exceeds the predetermined height.
- the temperature of the water can also be regulated (with the usual control technology) in different ways.
- temperature control can be carried out and the accumulated water in a desired temperature range slightly above freezing, e.g. B. between 2 and 5 ° C [degrees Celsius]. So there is no risk of freezing, not even in the outer areas of the drip tray or at the overflow and/or drain.
- the drip tray and/or the accumulated water are preferably electrically heated. This allows easy installation of heaters and their control. In particular, heating mats, heating rods, heating coils and the like can now be easily arranged in the drip tray, where they are covered by water and give off their heat to the water and drip tray evenly distributed. But it can also Heaters should be provided somewhere on the outside of the sump as the accumulated water will help disperse the heat.
- the drip tray and/or the accumulated water are heated with heat from other parts of the heat pump system.
- the already mentioned advantages of the more even distribution of the heat occur.
- heating cables laid inside the drip tray no longer interfere with the drainage of the water.
- the water is particularly preferably dammed up so high that a coherent water surface (from all possible water surfaces) is formed in the collecting pan, regardless of the exact shape of a bottom of the collecting pan and its position in relation to a horizontal (or horizontal). This leads to a particularly low risk of icing occurring at any point, because the water transports heat supplied somewhere everywhere.
- a device for preventing icing in a collecting pan for water that drips from a heat exchanger of a heat pump system through which ambient air can flow also contributes to solving the problem, the collecting pan having a drain connected to an overflow and the overflow being positioned so high and so that water with a coherent water surface accumulates in the collecting pan before water flows out through the overflow and wherein at least one heating device is arranged in or on the collecting pan, through which so much heat can be supplied if there is a risk of freezing that the accumulated water has a specifiable minimum temperature does not fall below.
- the at least one heating device is set up in particular in such a way that, if a risk of freezing for the backed-up water is determined and/or exists, it can (always) supply or supplies so much heat that the backed-up water reaches a specified minimum temperature (to maintain a liquid state of aggregation) does not fall below or cannot fall below.
- the at least one heating device is in particular in direct contact with the accumulated water, so heat is preferably conducted from (a component of) the heating device to the accumulated water.
- the heat can be conducted or transferred from the (local) heating device via the water to other areas of the water or the collecting pan that are remote from the heating device, so that freezing can be avoided with little energy expenditure.
- the water itself can therefore be used for heat transfer, in particular if it can purposefully accumulate or flow in the collecting pan.
- a regulation of the heating device can be provided, which can initiate and/or end a heating process according to the situation and/or need. It is possible for the regulation to interact with sensors that provide data or information that can be used to determine or predict the risk of freezing. These sensors can, for example, serve or be set up to transmit signals for determining the (current and/or future) temperature (component, environment, etc.), the (current and/or future) humidity, the (current and/or future) amount of water in the drip tray, etc. These signals can be interpreted or evaluated by the controller and, depending on this, regulate the operation of the heating device, in particular with a focus on a calculated and/or variably adjusted minimum temperature of the accumulated water.
- the overflow is preferably formed from a piece of pipe which is placed on the drain and runs essentially vertically and which has at least one opening at a predeterminable height. Water only flows through the (open at the top) piece of pipe when the water level exceeds this height, without the need for regulation. During operation, water will therefore always be up to this height in the collection pan. It is preferred that the at least one heating device is arranged in the area close to or around the drain where the water collects (first or up to the overflow).
- a bottom of the collecting pan can have bumps and/or not be aligned with a horizontal line and/or not be provided with a slope towards the drain.
- such details are no longer important because it is no longer necessary to try to always empty the drip pan as completely as possible.
- the heating devices inside the drip pan come into contact with the ground over the largest possible area, because the accumulated water absorbs and distributes heat even without such contact.
- the at least one heating device is arranged in/on the at least one unevenness where the water collects. It is possible that the bumps are formed in the manner of grooves, webs, etc., in which a sufficient volume for the heating device and the water to be accumulated is provided.
- the heating device is preferably (and most easily controllable) an electric heater, in particular in the form of at least one heating mat, heating coil or heating element. As long as these are covered by water, good heat distribution is ensured.
- An electrical heater usually works according to the principle of ohmic resistance heating, so that it generates heat when an electric current flows through it.
- the heating device can be heated by a heat transfer fluid with heat from the heat pump system. This saves electrical energy and can be achieved with short circuits, depending on the spatial arrangement of components in the heat pump system. Heating lines can be laid in the drip tray without disturbing the water drainage.
- the overflow is preferably designed in such a way that water is dammed up to a height of 1 to 10 cm [centimeters], in particular 2 to 5 cm.
- the drip pan needs z. B. to be only 0.5 to 2 cm higher than this height, since only an overflow somewhere else than the overflow must be prevented.
- the explanations of the method can also be used to characterize the device, and vice versa.
- the device can be set up to carry out the proposed method (automatically).
- FIG 1 shows schematically a drip pan 1 under a heat exchanger 3, for example an evaporator of a heat pump system 4, through which ambient air 9 can flow. From this heat exchanger 3 drips under certain operating conditions Water from 2 (mostly condensed water), which is collected in the drip tray 1 and dammed up to a height H.
- This height H can be, for example, 1 to 10 cm, preferably 2 to 5 cm. In the simplest case, this is done by means of a piece of pipe 10 which is placed on a drain 6 and forms an overflow 5 at its upper end.
- the piece of pipe 10 can simply be open at the top or have at least one opening at the height H.
- the height H ie the water level in the drip pan, is determined by the length of the pipe section 10 (can also be changed) or the position of openings. This can alternatively (albeit with a little more effort) also be achieved without a pipe section 10 by closing the outlet 6 (e.g. by means of a valve, in particular with the aid of a float) and opening it only when the water level H is exceeded.
- the water 2 constantly present in the sump 1 up to the height H brings various advantages, in particular in relation to the prevention of icing in the entire area of the sump 1. First of all, this water 2 has a certain thermal capacity, which prevents rapid freezing, which can occur with small amounts of water in the drip tray 1 when the outside temperature falls quickly and/or far below freezing.
- heating devices 11, 12 can now be arranged more easily, since it is no longer necessary to heat the entire collecting pan 1 as evenly as possible.
- heating devices 11, 12 can be placed in the collecting pan 1, in particular on a floor 8 of the collecting pan 1, without impeding the drainage of the water 2 there or having only poor thermal contact with the collecting pan 1 due to unevenness 15. It should only be ensured that the water 2 covers the heating devices 11, 12, in particular forms a continuous water surface 7. Then, the water 2 helps to distribute input heat by conduction and convection almost regardless of where the heat is input.
- Electric heaters 11, e.g. B. heating mats 13 into consideration. But it can also be one fluidic heating device 12 can be provided, which supplies heat to the water 2 by means of a heat transfer medium from components of the heat pump system 4 .
- the base 8 is provided with bumps 15 (shown exaggeratedly) and is mounted at an angle to a horizontal line 16 .
- a heating mat 13 is placed on the bottom 8 of the drip pan 1 . It can be seen that because of the unevenness 15 between the floor 8 and the heating mat 13, gaps 14 form, which would reduce heat transfer to the drip pan 1 if no water 2 is present. By damming up water 2 up to height H, however, all the previously disadvantageous effects of unevenness 15 and sloping assembly are eliminated.
- the water 2 covers the heating mat 13 (usually also fills the gap 14) and thus absorbs heat that would otherwise have flowed away uselessly to the environment and distributes it. As a result, less energy is required to prevent freezing, and the collecting pan 1 can still be manufactured with larger tolerances and set up with less precision. Because of the unevenness 15 and a possibly sloping installation position of the drip tray 1, the height H is not necessarily the same everywhere, so that an average height H above the floor 8 can be assumed.
- the present invention makes it possible to prevent icing with little use of energy and also with large tolerances in the shape and installation of a collecting pan 1 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Verhindern einer Vereisung in einer Auffangwanne (1) für Wasser (2), welches von einem von Umgebungsluft (9) durchströmbaren Wärmetauscher (3) einer Wärmepumpenanlage (4) abtropft, wobei in der Auffangwanne (1) Wasser (2) bis zu einer vorgebbaren Höhe (H) angestaut und danach durch einen Überlauf (5) und/oder Abfluss (6) abgeführt wird und wobei der Auffangwanne (1) und/oder dem angestauten Wasser (2) bei Gefahr des Einfrierens so viel Wärme zugeführt wird, dass das angestaute Wasser (2) eine vorgebbare Mindesttemperatur nicht unterschreitet. Dazu weist die Auffangwanne (1) insbesondere einen mit einem Überlauf (5) verbundenen Abfluss (6) auf, und der Überlauf (5) ist so hoch und so angeordnet, dass sich in der Auffangwanne (1) Wasser (2) mit einer zusammenhängenden Wasseroberfläche (7) anstaut, bevor Wasser (2) durch den Überlauf (5) abfließt und wobei in oder an der Auffangwanne (1) mindestens eine Heizeinrichtung (11; 12) angeordnet ist, durch die bei Gefahr des Einfrierens Wärme zuführbar ist. Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, mit geringem Einsatz von Energie und auch bei großen Toleranzen bei der Form und Aufstellung einer Auffangwanne (1) eine Vereisung zu verhindern.The invention relates to a method and a device for preventing icing in a collecting pan (1) for water (2) which drips from a heat exchanger (3) of a heat pump system (4) through which ambient air (9) can flow, wherein in the collecting pan (1 ) Water (2) is dammed up to a predeterminable height (H) and then discharged through an overflow (5) and/or drain (6) and the collecting trough (1) and/or the dammed water (2) being at risk of Freezing so much heat is supplied that the accumulated water (2) does not fall below a predetermined minimum temperature. For this purpose, the collecting pan (1) has, in particular, a drain (6) connected to an overflow (5), and the overflow (5) is so high and arranged that water (2) flows into the collecting pan (1) with a contiguous water surface (7) accumulates before water (2) flows out through the overflow (5) and at least one heating device (11; 12) being arranged in or on the collecting pan (1), through which heat can be supplied if there is a risk of freezing. The present invention makes it possible to prevent icing with little use of energy and also with large tolerances in the shape and installation of a collecting pan (1).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Verhindern von Eisbildung und/oder zum Abtauen bestehenden Eises in einer Wanne zum Sammeln von Kondensat eines Verdampfers einer Wärmepumpe, insbesondere eines von Umgebungsluft durchströmten Verdampfers.The invention relates to a method and a device for preventing ice formation and/or for defrosting existing ice in a pan for collecting condensate from an evaporator of a heat pump, in particular an evaporator through which ambient air flows.
Wärmepumpen, die der Umgebungsluft Wärme entziehen und damit ein Gebäude und/oder Brauchwasser erwärmen, sind in vielen Ausführungen bekannt. Gemeinsam ist solchen Wärmepumpenanlagen, dass sie einen von Umgebungsluft durchströmbaren Wärmetauscher (meistens ist dies ein Verdampfer eines Wärmepumpenkreislaufs bzw. ein Kondensator im Kältekreislauf) aufweisen, der bei niedrigen Lufttemperaturen vereisen kann. Dann sammelt sich Eis auf den Wärmetauscher-Flächen des Wärmetauschers, welches abgetaut werden muss, bevor der Wärmeübergang zu gering wird oder der Wärmetauscher gar beschädigt wird. Bei diesem Abtauvorgang und manchen anderen Betriebsbedingungen tropft Wasser (abgetautes Eis oder Kondenswasser) vom Wärmetauscher in eine Auffangwanne, die das Wasser sammelt und durch einen Abfluss ableitet. Bei ungünstigen Temperatur- und/oder Feuchtigkeitsverhältnissen kann auch diese Auffangwanne vereisen und/oder ihr Abfluss von Eis verstopft werden, was verhindert werden sollte.Heat pumps, which extract heat from the ambient air and thus heat a building and/or process water, are known in many designs. What these heat pump systems have in common is that they have a heat exchanger through which ambient air can flow (usually this is an evaporator in a heat pump circuit or a condenser in the refrigeration circuit), which can ice up at low air temperatures. Then ice collects on the heat exchanger surfaces of the heat exchanger, which must be defrosted before the heat transfer is too low or the heat exchanger is even damaged. During this defrosting process and some other operating conditions, water (defrosted ice or condensed water) drips from the heat exchanger into a drip pan, which collects the water and discharges it through a drain. In the case of unfavorable temperature and/or humidity conditions, this drip pan can also ice up and/or its drain can be clogged with ice, which should be prevented.
Zu diesem Zweck ist es bekannt, eine Auffangwanne zu beheizen, wofür verschiedene Systeme vorgeschlagen wurden. Es sind elektrische Heizungen bekannt, aber auch Methoden, bei denen Wärme aus anderen Teilen einer Wärmepumpenanlage zur Beheizung der Auffangwanne abgezweigt und z. B. über ein Wärmeträgerfluid dorthin transportiert wird.To this end, it is known to heat a sump, for which various systems have been proposed. Electric heaters are known, but also methods in which heat is diverted from other parts of a heat pump system to heat the drip tray and e.g. B. is transported there via a heat transfer fluid.
Ein Problem dabei ist die Größe einer typischen Auffangwanne, die die Verteilung von Wärme in alle Bereiche, in denen Wasser in die Auffangwanne tropfen (und evtl. dort gefrieren) kann, erschwert. Da außerdem Boden und Wände der Auffangwanne aus Kostengründen nicht beliebig dick sein können (und nicht unbedingt aus gut wärmeleitendem Material bestehen), leiten diese auch nur in geringem Umfang Wärme von einer beheizten Stelle weiter in andere Bereiche. Daher sind Heizeinrichtungen für Auffangwannen oft recht aufwändig gestaltet oder ineffektiv. Insbesondere Heizmatten, die in eine Auffangwanne gelegt werden, haben oft keinen guten wärmeleitenden Kontakt zu einem Wannenboden, so dass Wärme ungenutzt verloren gehen kann. Um zu verhindern, dass sich Wasser in Teilbereichen einer Auffangwanne ansammelt und dort gefriert und evtl. Schäden anrichtet, werden Auffangwannen meist so gestaltet, dass ihr Boden überall ein Mindestgefälle zu einem Abfluss hin aufweist, was eine gewisse Bauhöhe bedeutet und außerdem erfordert, Auffangwannen recht genau horizontal ausgerichtet aufzustellen.A problem with this is the size of a typical sump, which makes it difficult to distribute heat to all areas where water can drip (and possibly freeze) into the sump. Since the bottom and walls of the drip pan cannot be of any thickness for cost reasons (and are not necessarily made of material that conducts heat well), they only conduct heat from one heated area to other areas to a small extent. Therefore, heating devices for drip trays are often designed in a very complex way or are ineffective. In particular, heating mats that are placed in a drip tray often do not have good thermally conductive contact with the bottom of the tray, so that heat can be lost without being used. In order to prevent water from accumulating in some areas of a drip tray and freezing there and possibly causing damage, drip trays are usually designed in such a way that their bottom has a minimum gradient towards a drain, which means a certain height and also requires drip trays to be right set up exactly horizontally.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Stand der Technik geschilderten Probleme zumindest zu lindern und insbesondere ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die ein Vereisen einer Wanne zum Sammeln von Kondensat eines Wärmetauschers einer Wärmepumpenanlage verhindert.The object of the present invention is to at least alleviate the problems described in connection with the prior art and in particular to create a method and a device that prevent icing of a pan for collecting condensate of a heat exchanger of a heat pump system.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben, auf die die vorliegende Erfindung jedoch nicht beschränkt ist.A method and a device according to the independent claims serve to solve this problem. Advantageous developments and refinements are in the respective dependent claims, to which, however, the present invention is not limited.
Zur Lösung trägt ein Verfahren bei zum Verhindern einer Vereisung in einer Auffangwanne für Wasser, welches von einem von Umgebungsluft durchströmbaren Wärmetauscher einer Wärmepumpenanlage abtropft, wobei in der Auffangwanne Wasser bis zu einer vorgebbaren Höhe angestaut und danach durch einen Überlauf und/oder Abfluss abgeführt wird und wobei der Auffangwanne und/oder dem angestauten Wasser bei Gefahr des Einfrierens so viel Wärme zugeführt wird, dass das angestaute Wasser eine vorgebbare Mindesttemperatur nicht unterschreitet.A method for preventing icing in a collecting pan for water that drips from a heat exchanger of a heat pump system through which ambient air can flow contributes to the solution, with water being backed up in the collecting pan up to a predeterminable height and then being discharged through an overflow and/or drain and with the drip tray and/or the accumulated water being supplied with so much heat when there is a risk of freezing that the accumulated water does not drop below a predeterminable minimum temperature.
Soweit hier ein Wärmetauscher angesprochen wird, ist dies der Luft-Wärmetauscher, der entweder als Verdampfer im Heizbetrieb oder als Kondensator im Kühlbetrieb fungiert. Die Wärmepumpe kann in einem Außenbereich angeordnet sein und damit zumindest teilweise den Wetterbedingungen der Umgebung. Die Auffangwanne ist so zum Wärmetauscher positioniert, dass an dem Wärmetauscher entstehendes Wasser (z.B. Kondensat) und/oder dort hinströmendes Wasser (Regen, Tau, Eis, Schnee) bevorzugt unterhalb des Wärmetauschers aufgefangen und in vorgegebenem Maße gespeichert werden kann. Dabei ist die Auffangwanne so gestaltet, dass diese ein vorgegebenes Volumen (Wasser, Schnee, etc.) aufnehmen kann und für den Fall, dass sich dort mehr Wasser/Schnee etc. ansammelt, dieser Überschuss abtransportiert wird, beispielsweise über einen Überlauf, Abfluss, etc.. Hierfür weist die Auffangwanne insbesondere eine Höhe auf, die ein vorgegebenes Auffangvolumen für Wasser definiert. Weiter ist nun vorgesehen, dass für einen vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt Wärme zur Auffangwanne und/oder darin befindlichen Wasser/Schnee, etc. zugeführt wird, dass (sicher) eine Mindesttemperatur des Wassers eingehalten werden kann. Die Mindesttemperatur beträgt dabei eine solche, bei der insbesondere keine Eisbildung möglich ist. Der Zeitpunkt kann anhand einer Gefahr des Einfrierens vorgegeben werden. Wann eine "Gefahr des Einfrierens" vorliegt, kann anhand verschiedener Parameter und/oder Messwerte (automatisch) vorgegeben werden. Die "Gefahr" kann umfassen, dass aktuell oder (zukünftig) Umgebungsbedingungen zum Einfrieren von Wasser vorliegen. "Einfrieren" kann insbesondere bedeuten, dass das angestaute Wasser überwiegend oder gar vollständig gefriert. Abzugrenzen ist dies insbesondere von dem Fall des Auftauens eines bereits (vollständig) gefrorenen Wassers in der Auffangwanne.As far as a heat exchanger is mentioned here, this is the air heat exchanger, which acts either as an evaporator in heating mode or as a condenser in cooling mode. The heat pump can be arranged in an outdoor area and thus at least partly subject to the weather conditions of the surroundings. The drip pan is positioned relative to the heat exchanger so that water (eg condensate) and/or water flowing there (rain, dew, ice, snow) that forms on the heat exchanger can be preferably collected below the heat exchanger and stored to a specified extent. The drip pan is designed in such a way that it can hold a specified volume (water, snow, etc.) and if more water/snow, etc. accumulates there, this excess is transported away, for example via an overflow, drain, etc.. For this purpose, the collecting trough has in particular a height that defines a predetermined collecting volume for water. Furthermore, it is now provided that heat is supplied to the collecting pan and/or the water/snow etc. located therein for a predetermined time so that a minimum temperature of the water can (safely) be maintained. The minimum temperature is one at which, in particular, no ice formation is possible. The point in time can be predetermined based on a risk of freezing. When there is a "risk of freezing" can be specified (automatically) using various parameters and/or measured values. The "danger" may include current or (future) environmental conditions for water to freeze. "Freezing" can mean in particular that the accumulated water freezes mostly or even completely. This is to be differentiated in particular from the case of thawing of already (completely) frozen water in the collecting basin.
Diese Vorgehensweise bietet mehrere erhebliche Vorteile:This approach offers several significant advantages:
Das angestaute (warme bzw. erwärmte) Wasser selbst unterstützt die Verteilung von Wärme einer Heizeinrichtung durch Wärmeleitung und Konvektion unabhängig davon, wo und wie die Wärme der Auffangwanne und/oder dem Wasser zugeführt wird. Es ist nicht mehr erforderlich, einen Boden der Auffangwanne möglichst gleichmäßig zu beheizen, und es geht auch keine Wärme z. B. von in die Auffangwanne gelegten Heizmatten mehr direkt an die Umgebung verloren, statt zunächst das Wasser zu beheizen. Gleichzeitig wirkt das Wasser auch als Wärmespeicher, so dass bei kurzzeitig niedrigen Außentemperaturen nicht sofort ein Gefrieren zu befürchten ist.The accumulated (warm or heated) water itself supports the distribution of heat from a heating device by conduction and convection, regardless of where and how the heat is supplied to the drip pan and/or the water. It is no longer necessary to heat a bottom of the drip tray as evenly as possible, and there is no heat z. B. from heating mats placed in the drip pan is lost more directly to the environment instead of heating the water first. At the same time, the water also acts as a heat accumulator, so that there is no immediate fear of freezing if the outside temperature is briefly low.
Darüber hinaus kommt es nicht mehr auf die Formgebung und genau waagerechte Ausrichtung des Bodens der Auffangwanne an, solange dessen Unebenheiten und Erhebungen im Wesentlichen von Wasser bedeckt sind. So können Heizmatten oder Rohrschlangen zum Heizen innen in der Auffangwanne angeordnet sein, ohne den Abfluss des (angestauten) Wassers zu beeinträchtigen.In addition, the shape and exact horizontal alignment of the bottom of the drip tray are no longer important, as long as its bumps and elevations are essentially covered by water. In this way, heating mats or pipe coils can be arranged inside the collection pan without impairing the drainage of the (backed-up) water.
Schließlich kann es auch nicht mehr vorkommen, dass überhaupt Wasser irgendwo in der Auffangwanne zu Eis wird, dessen Auftauen kurzfristig viel mehr Wärmeenergie benötigen würde als das Aufrechterhalten einer Temperatur oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes bei Umgebungstemperaturen unter dem Gefrierpunkt.Finally, it is also no longer possible for water to turn to ice anywhere in the collection pan, which would require much more heat energy to thaw in the short term than maintaining a temperature above freezing at ambient temperatures below freezing.
Auf die Methode zum Aufstauen des Wassers kommt es dabei nicht an. Am einfachsten kann dies durch einen in der vorgebbaren Höhe liegenden Überlauf erfolgen, es ist jedoch auch möglich, einen tief gelegenen Abfluss mittels eines Ventils, z. B. eines Schwimmerventils, zu verschließen, welches nur öffnet, wenn und solange der Wasserstand die vorgebbare Höhe überschreitet.The method of damming up the water is not important. The simplest way to do this is with an overflow that is at the predeterminable level, but it is also possible to open a low-lying drain using a valve, e.g. B. a float valve to close, which only opens when and as long as the water level exceeds the predetermined height.
Auch die Regelung der Temperatur des Wassers kann (mit üblicher Regelungstechnik) auf unterschiedliche Weise erfolgen. Zunächst kann bei Außentemperaturen oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes generell auf eine Beheizung verzichtet werden. Bei Umgebungstemperaturen unter dem Gefrierpunkt oder in dessen Nähe kann eine Temperaturregelung vorgenommen und das angestaute Wasser in einem gewünschten Temperaturbereich etwas oberhalb des Gefrierpunktes, z. B. zwischen 2 und 5 °C [Grad Celsius] gehalten werden. So besteht kein Risiko des Einfrierens, auch nicht in Außenbereichen der Auffangwanne oder am Überlauf und/oder Abfluss.The temperature of the water can also be regulated (with the usual control technology) in different ways. First of all, when outside temperatures are above freezing, there is generally no need for heating. At ambient temperatures below freezing or close to it, temperature control can be carried out and the accumulated water in a desired temperature range slightly above freezing, e.g. B. between 2 and 5 ° C [degrees Celsius]. So there is no risk of freezing, not even in the outer areas of the drip tray or at the overflow and/or drain.
Bevorzugt werden die Auffangwanne und/oder das angestaute Wasser elektrisch beheizt. Dies erlaubt eine einfache Installation von Heizeinrichtungen und von deren Regelung. Insbesondere können jetzt Heizmatten, Heizstäbe, Heizwicklungen und dergleichen einfach in der Auffangwanne angeordnet werden, wo sie von Wasser bedeckt ihre Wärme an Wasser und Auffangwanne gleichmäßig verteilt abgeben. Es können aber auch irgendwo außen an der Auffangwanne Heizeinrichtungen vorgesehen werden, da das angestaute Wasser hilft, die Wärme zu verteilen.The drip tray and/or the accumulated water are preferably electrically heated. This allows easy installation of heaters and their control. In particular, heating mats, heating rods, heating coils and the like can now be easily arranged in the drip tray, where they are covered by water and give off their heat to the water and drip tray evenly distributed. But it can also Heaters should be provided somewhere on the outside of the sump as the accumulated water will help disperse the heat.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ werden die Auffangwanne und/oder das angestaute Wasser mit Wärme aus anderen Teilen der Wärmepumpenanlage erwärmt. Auch dabei treten die schon erwähnten Vorteile der gleichmäßigeren Verteilung der Wärme auf. Insbesondere stören im Inneren der Auffangwanne verlegte Heizleitungen nicht mehr den Ablauf des Wassers.Additionally or alternatively, the drip tray and/or the accumulated water are heated with heat from other parts of the heat pump system. Here, too, the already mentioned advantages of the more even distribution of the heat occur. In particular, heating cables laid inside the drip tray no longer interfere with the drainage of the water.
Besonders bevorzugt wird das Wasser so hoch angestaut, dass sich eine zusammenhängende Wasseroberfläche (aus allen möglichen Wasserflächen) in der Auffangwanne bildet, unabhängig von der genauen Form eines Bodens der Auffangwanne und dessen Lage zu einer Waagerechten (bzw. Horizontalen). Dies führt zu einem besonders geringen Risiko, dass an irgendwelchen Stellen eine Vereisung auftritt, weil das Wasser irgendwo zugeführte Wärme überall hin transportiert.The water is particularly preferably dammed up so high that a coherent water surface (from all possible water surfaces) is formed in the collecting pan, regardless of the exact shape of a bottom of the collecting pan and its position in relation to a horizontal (or horizontal). This leads to a particularly low risk of icing occurring at any point, because the water transports heat supplied somewhere everywhere.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe trägt auch eine Vorrichtung bei zum Verhindern einer Vereisung in einer Auffangwanne für Wasser, welches von einem von Umgebungsluft durchströmbaren Wärmetauscher einer Wärmepumpenanlage abtropft, wobei die Auffangwanne einen mit einem Überlauf verbundenen Abfluss aufweist und der Überlauf so hoch und so angeordnet ist, dass sich in der Auffangwanne Wasser mit einer zusammenhängenden Wasseroberfläche anstaut, bevor Wasser durch den Überlauf abfließt und wobei in oder an der Auffangwanne mindestens eine Heizeinrichtung angeordnet ist, durch die bei Gefahr des Einfrierens so viel Wärme zuführbar ist, dass das angestaute Wasser eine vorgebbare Mindesttemperatur nicht unterschreitet.A device for preventing icing in a collecting pan for water that drips from a heat exchanger of a heat pump system through which ambient air can flow also contributes to solving the problem, the collecting pan having a drain connected to an overflow and the overflow being positioned so high and so that water with a coherent water surface accumulates in the collecting pan before water flows out through the overflow and wherein at least one heating device is arranged in or on the collecting pan, through which so much heat can be supplied if there is a risk of freezing that the accumulated water has a specifiable minimum temperature does not fall below.
Die mindestens eine Heizeinrichtung ist insbesondere so eingerichtet, dass sie, wenn eine Gefahr des Einfrierens für das angestaute Wasser ermittelt wird und/oder besteht, (stets) so viel Wärme zuführen kann bzw. zuführt, dass das angestaute Wasser eine vorgebbare Mindesttemperatur (zur Beibehaltung eines flüssigen Aggregatzustands) nicht unterschreitet bzw. unterschreiten kann. Die mindestens eine Heizeinrichtung ist insbesondere in direktem Kontakt mit dem angestauten Wasser, bevorzugt erfolgt also eine Wärmeleitung von (einer Komponente der) Heizeinrichtung hin zum angestauten Wasser. Die Wärme kann von der (lokalen) Heizeinrichtung über das Wasser in andere, von der Heizeinrichtung entfernte Bereiche des Wassers bzw. der Auffangwanne hingeleitet bzw. übertragen, so dass ein Einfrieren mit geringem energetischen Aufwand vermieden werden kann. Zur Wärmeübertragung kann das Wasser also selbst verwendet werden, insbesondere wenn es gezielt in der Auffangwanne angestaut bzw. strömen kann.The at least one heating device is set up in particular in such a way that, if a risk of freezing for the backed-up water is determined and/or exists, it can (always) supply or supplies so much heat that the backed-up water reaches a specified minimum temperature (to maintain a liquid state of aggregation) does not fall below or cannot fall below. The at least one heating device is in particular in direct contact with the accumulated water, so heat is preferably conducted from (a component of) the heating device to the accumulated water. The heat can be conducted or transferred from the (local) heating device via the water to other areas of the water or the collecting pan that are remote from the heating device, so that freezing can be avoided with little energy expenditure. The water itself can therefore be used for heat transfer, in particular if it can purposefully accumulate or flow in the collecting pan.
Es kann eine Regelung der Heizeinrichtung vorgesehen sein, die situations- und/oder bedarfsgerecht einen Heizvorgang initiieren und/oder beenden kann. Es ist möglich, dass die Regelung mit Sensoren zusammenwirkt, die Daten bzw. Informationen bereitstellen, anhand derer die Gefahr des Einfrierens bestimmbar oder vorhersehbar ist. Diese Sensoren können beispielsweise dazu dienen bzw. eingerichtet sein, Signale zur Bestimmung der (aktuelle und/oder zukünftige) Temperatur (Bauteil, Umgebung, etc.), die (aktuelle und/oder zukünftige) Luftfeuchtigkeit, die (aktuelle und/oder zukünftige) Wassermenge in der Auffangwanne, etc. bereitzustellen. Diese Signale können von der Regelung interpretiert bzw. bewertet werden, und in Abhängigkeit davon den Betrieb der Heizeinrichtung regeln, insbesondere mit Fokus auf eine berechnete und/oder variabel angepasste Mindesttemperatur des angestauten Wassers.A regulation of the heating device can be provided, which can initiate and/or end a heating process according to the situation and/or need. It is possible for the regulation to interact with sensors that provide data or information that can be used to determine or predict the risk of freezing. These sensors can, for example, serve or be set up to transmit signals for determining the (current and/or future) temperature (component, environment, etc.), the (current and/or future) humidity, the (current and/or future) amount of water in the drip tray, etc. These signals can be interpreted or evaluated by the controller and, depending on this, regulate the operation of the heating device, in particular with a focus on a calculated and/or variably adjusted minimum temperature of the accumulated water.
Bevorzugt ist der Überlauf aus einem auf den Abfluss aufgesetzten, im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufenden Rohrstück gebildet, welches in einer vorgebbaren Höhe mindestens eine Öffnung hat. Durch das (oben offene) Rohrstück fließt immer nur dann Wasser ab, wenn der Wasserstand diese Höhe überschreitet, ohne dass es einer Regelung bedarf. Im Betrieb wird daher Wasser immer bis zu dieser Höhe in der Auffangwanne stehen. Es ist bevorzugt, dass die mindestens eine Heizeinrichtung in dem Bereich nahe bzw. um den Abfluss angeordnet ist, dem sich das Wasser (zuerst bzw. bis zum Überlauf) ansammelt.The overflow is preferably formed from a piece of pipe which is placed on the drain and runs essentially vertically and which has at least one opening at a predeterminable height. Water only flows through the (open at the top) piece of pipe when the water level exceeds this height, without the need for regulation. During operation, water will therefore always be up to this height in the collection pan. It is preferred that the at least one heating device is arranged in the area close to or around the drain where the water collects (first or up to the overflow).
Dabei kann ein Boden der Auffangwanne Unebenheiten aufweisen und/oder nicht an einer Waagerechten ausgerichtet und/oder nicht mit einem Gefälle zum Abfluss hin versehen sein. Anders als bei bisherigen Konstruktionen kommt es nicht mehr auf solche Einzelheiten an, weil nicht mehr versucht werden muss, die Auffangwanne immer möglichst vollständig zu entleeren. Auch kommt es nicht auf einen möglichst großflächigen Kontakt von Heizeinrichtungen im Inneren der Auffangwanne zum Boden an, weil das angestaute Wasser Wärme auch ohne einen solchen Kontakt aufnimmt und verteilt. Es ist bevorzugt, dass die mindestens eine Heizeinrichtung in/an der mindestens einen Unebenheit angeordnet ist, wo sich das Wasser ansammelt. Es ist möglich, dass die Unebenheiten nach Art von Rillen, Stegen, etc. ausgebildet sind, in denen ein ausreichendes Volumen für die Heizeinrichtung und anzustauendes Wasser bereitgestellt wird.In this case, a bottom of the collecting pan can have bumps and/or not be aligned with a horizontal line and/or not be provided with a slope towards the drain. In contrast to previous constructions, such details are no longer important because it is no longer necessary to try to always empty the drip pan as completely as possible. It is also not important that the heating devices inside the drip pan come into contact with the ground over the largest possible area, because the accumulated water absorbs and distributes heat even without such contact. It is preferred that the at least one heating device is arranged in/on the at least one unevenness where the water collects. It is possible that the bumps are formed in the manner of grooves, webs, etc., in which a sufficient volume for the heating device and the water to be accumulated is provided.
Bevorzugt (und am leichtesten regelbar) ist die Heizeinrichtung eine elektrische Heizung, insbesondere in Form mindestens einer Heizmatte, Heizwicklung oder eines Heizstabes. Solange diese von Wasser bedeckt sind, ist eine gute Wärmeverteilung sichergestellt. Eine elektrische Heizung funktioniert üblicherweise nach dem Prinzip der Ohm'schen Widerstandserwärmung, so dass diese Wärmeerzeugt, wenn diese von elektrischem Strom durchflossen wird.The heating device is preferably (and most easily controllable) an electric heater, in particular in the form of at least one heating mat, heating coil or heating element. As long as these are covered by water, good heat distribution is ensured. An electrical heater usually works according to the principle of ohmic resistance heating, so that it generates heat when an electric current flows through it.
Additiv oder alternativ ist die Heizeinrichtung durch ein Wärmeträgerfluid mit Wärme aus der Wärmepumpenanlage aufheizbar. Dies spart elektrische Energie und kann je nach räumlicher Anordnung von Komponenten der Wärmepumpenanlage mit kurzen Kreisläufen erreicht werden. Heizleitungen können dabei in der Auffangwanne verlegt werden, ohne den Wasserablauf zu stören.Additionally or alternatively, the heating device can be heated by a heat transfer fluid with heat from the heat pump system. This saves electrical energy and can be achieved with short circuits, depending on the spatial arrangement of components in the heat pump system. Heating lines can be laid in the drip tray without disturbing the water drainage.
Bevorzugt ist der Überlauf so gestaltet, dass Wasser bis zu einer Höhe von 1 bis 10 cm [Zentimeter], insbesondere 2 bis 5 cm gestaut wird. Die Auffangwanne braucht z. B. nur 0,5 bis 2 cm höher zu sein als diese Höhe, da lediglich ein Überlaufen an anderer Stelle als am Überlauf verhindert werden muss.The overflow is preferably designed in such a way that water is dammed up to a height of 1 to 10 cm [centimeters], in particular 2 to 5 cm. The drip pan needs z. B. to be only 0.5 to 2 cm higher than this height, since only an overflow somewhere else than the overflow must be prevented.
Die Erläuterungen zum Verfahren können auch zur Charakterisierung der Vorrichtung herangezogen werden, und umgekehrt. Die Vorrichtung kann eingerichtet sein, das vorgeschlagene Verfahren (automatisch) durchzuführen.The explanations of the method can also be used to characterize the device, and vice versa. The device can be set up to carry out the proposed method (automatically).
Schematische Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, auf die diese jedoch nicht beschränkt ist, und die Funktionsweise des Verfahrens werden nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es stellt dar:
- Fig. 1:
- einen Wärmetauscher mit Auffangwanne und
- Fig. 2:
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine Auffangwanne mit Heizeinrichtungen und angestautem Wasser.
- Figure 1:
- a heat exchanger with drip pan and
- Figure 2:
- a schematic longitudinal section through a drip pan with heaters and accumulated water.
Es sei erwähnt, dass eine Beheizung des aufgestauten Wassers 2, z. B. durch Einschalten der elektrischen Heizeinrichtung 11 mittels eines Schalters 18 als Verbindung zu einer Stromquelle 17, nur erfolgen muss, wenn die Umgebungstemperatur sonst ein Einfrieren bewirken könnte. Dann sollte so viel Wärme zugeführt werden, dass das Wasser 2 eine Temperatur mit einem gewissen Sicherheitsabstand zum Gefrierpunkt behält. Die Wärmeverluste sind dabei nicht größer als beim Beheizen einer leeren Auffangwanne 1, eher sogar kleiner, weil das Wasser die Wärme gleichmäßig verteilt und nicht einzelne Bereiche wärmer sind als andere. Auch die Oberfläche ändert sich nur geringfügig. Dabei ist es wünschenswert, dass das Wasser 2 nicht nur eine zusammenhängende Wasseroberfläche 7 bildet (was noch "Inseln" oder unregelmäßige Ränder zulassen würde), sondern eine die Auffangwanne 1 komplett ausfüllende Wasseroberfläche 7. Dann ist die Wirkung der Erfindung am besten.It should be mentioned that heating the dammed
Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, mit geringem Einsatz von Energie und auch bei großen Toleranzen bei der Form und Aufstellung einer Auffangwanne 1 eine Vereisung zu verhindern.The present invention makes it possible to prevent icing with little use of energy and also with large tolerances in the shape and installation of a
- 11
- Auffangwannecollection tray
- 22
- WasserWater
- 33
- Wärmetauscher / VerdampferHeat exchanger / evaporator
- 44
- Wärmepumpenanlageheat pump system
- 55
- Überlaufoverflow
- 66
- Abflussdrain
- 77
- Wasseroberflächewater surface
- 88th
- BodenFloor
- 99
- Umgebungsluftambient air
- 1010
- Rohrstückpiece of pipe
- 1111
- Elektrische HeizeinrichtungElectrical heating device
- 1212
- Fluidische HeizeinrichtungFluidic heating device
- 1313
- Heizmatteheating mat
- 1414
- Spaltencolumns
- 1515
- Unebenheitenbumps
- 1616
- Waagerechtehorizontal
- 1717
- Stromquellepower source
- 1818
- SchalterSwitch
- HH
- Höhe (Wasserstand)height (water level)
Claims (10)
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CN106839545A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-13 | 山东美琳达再生能源开发有限公司 | A kind of air source heat pump defrosting system and method |
DE202017105007U1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-09-20 | Ihv - Elektrotechnik Gmbh | Monitoring arrangement of a drip pan |
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