EP4158672B1 - Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations - Google Patents

Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4158672B1
EP4158672B1 EP21727886.0A EP21727886A EP4158672B1 EP 4158672 B1 EP4158672 B1 EP 4158672B1 EP 21727886 A EP21727886 A EP 21727886A EP 4158672 B1 EP4158672 B1 EP 4158672B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
actuator
coil
winding
control according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21727886.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4158672A1 (en
EP4158672C0 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Grieshaber
Florent Robert
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SuperGrid Institute SAS
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SuperGrid Institute SAS
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Publication of EP4158672C0 publication Critical patent/EP4158672C0/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/30—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/285—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electro-dynamic repulsion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical protection devices such as contactors, circuit breakers, switches and high voltage quick disconnectors, and in particular vacuum interrupters used on high voltage networks for such switches.
  • electrical protection devices such as contactors, circuit breakers, switches and high voltage quick disconnectors
  • vacuum interrupters used on high voltage networks for such switches.
  • the use of vacuum interrupters makes it possible to maintain high voltages while having low contact resistance in the closed state.
  • the document JPH0992100 describes a high voltage DC vacuum bulb.
  • the document JPH08222092 describes a vacuum bulb operated by electromagnetic repulsion.
  • a vacuum interrupter generally comprises a fixed electrode and a movable electrode, the contact between the electrodes being made within an enclosure ensuring vacuum tightness.
  • the movement of the movable electrode is made possible by the use of a circuit breaker control comprising an opening coil, a closing coil and a movable plate placed between these coils.
  • the mobile electrode is connected to the mobile plate by a generally insulating rod.
  • a capacitive assembly is discharged into the corresponding coil.
  • the current peak which travels through the coil then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates induced so-called eddy currents in the moving plate, the electromagnetic field of which opposes that of the coil.
  • the mobile plate is then called “induced”.
  • a repulsive force thus appears between the powered coil and the armature, which makes it possible to move the mobile plate and the mobile electrode connected to it.
  • the reaction force on the opening coil and on its support induces harmful vibrations during opening.
  • the reaction force on the opening coil and on its support can deform them or move them in the frame of reference of the frame which supports them. Therefore, the air gap between the opening coil and the armature surface may become irregular on the armature surface.
  • the air gap may in particular increase during the life of the circuit breaker. A reduced air gap leading to optimum efficiency of the electromechanical conversion, the opening of the circuit breaker can become less and less rapid over time.
  • the invention aims to resolve one or more of these drawbacks.
  • the invention thus relates to an induction-controlled vacuum interrupter switch, as defined in the appended claims.
  • the invention also relates to variations of the dependent claims. Those skilled in the art will understand that each of the features of the dependent claims and the description can be combined independently with the above features, without constituting an intermediate generalization.
  • the invention applies to an electrical safety switch, the main function of which is either sectioning, for example for a circuit breaker, or connection, for example, for an earthing device.
  • FIG. 1 represents a side sectional view of an example of an induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1 according to the invention, in the closed position, comprising a frame 10 on which a vacuum interrupter 11 is fixed.
  • the supply and departure of the line current is done by electrical connections 1112 and 1114 connected respectively to the electrodes 1111 and 1113.
  • the circuit breaker 1 comprises an actuator 12 secured to the movable electrode 1113.
  • the actuator 12 makes it possible to actuate the movable electrode 1113 by opening or closing the switch 111 of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the actuator 12 is mounted sliding according to the vertical direction parallel to the axis A.
  • the actuator 12 comprises an armature 122.
  • the opening control member is configured to simultaneously induce an opening current in the armature 122 and a current in the armature 222, so as to separate the electrodes 1111 and 1113 and so as to move the actuators 12 and 22 in opposite directions in the vertical direction parallel to axis A.
  • the control member thus makes it possible on the one hand to open the circuit breaker 1 in a reduced time and to compensate for the reaction forces of the armature 122 on the winding 131 by reaction forces of the armature 222 on the winding 131, as detailed below.
  • the mobile mass integral with the actuator 22 is at least equal to half of the mobile mass integral with the actuator 12, preferably equal to the mass of this actuator 12, in order to obtain optimal compensation of the forces of reaction on the winding 131.
  • the mobile mass integral with an actuator includes in particular its mass and that of its mobile electrode.
  • the actuator 12 here comprises a rod 121.
  • the rod 121 possibly comprises an element 1210 made of dielectric material in order to eliminate any risk of ignition between a control zone of the circuit breaker 1 and the movable electrode 1113.
  • the rod 121 also comprises one or more arms 1211, advantageously made of conductive material.
  • the element 1210 is interposed between the arm 1211 and the electrode 1113.
  • the armature 122 is integral with the arm 1211.
  • the dielectric element 1210 of the rod 121 advantageously has a tubular shape.
  • the armature 122 advantageously takes the form of a plate located between a planar winding 132 and the winding (here also planar) 131.
  • the planar winding 132 belongs to a closing control member of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the planar winding 132 is the closing coil.
  • the winding 132 is therefore positioned opposite the armature 122 of the actuator 12, on the side opposite the armature 222.
  • the armature 122 here comprises a lower conductive surface 1221 facing the winding 132 and an upper conductive surface 1222 facing the winding 131.
  • the surfaces 1221 and 1222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support in the form of a tray and in a different material. Surfaces 1221 and 1222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 1221 and 1222 are advantageously metallic.
  • the material of the armature 122 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 122 could thus advantageously be aluminum.
  • the arm(s) 1211 are advantageously covered with the same metallic material as the surfaces 1221 and 1222 or formed in the same metallic material as the surfaces 1221 and 1222.
  • a metallic part of the arms 1211 is thus surrounded by the coil 131, in order to promote a centering of the actuator 12.
  • the armature surfaces 1221 and 1222 (as well as the winding 131) are axisymmetric with respect to the axis A, so that the torques of forces are compensated on the different elements of the armature 122 .
  • a planar winding 133 is placed opposite the winding 132 symmetrically with respect to the winding 131.
  • the windings 131, 132 and 133 are fixed to the chassis 10 and crossed in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A by the rod 121 of the actuator 12.
  • the actuator 22 also passes through the windings 131, 132 and 133 in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A.
  • the actuator 22 also comprises a rod 221, advantageously tubular in shape, symmetrical to the rod 121 in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A.
  • the rod 221 also comprises one or more arms 2211, passing through the windings 131, 132 and 133 and the armature 122 in the vertical direction.
  • the armature 222 comprises an upper conductive surface 2221 facing the winding 133 and a lower conductive surface 2222 facing the winding 131.
  • the surfaces 2221 and 2222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support. Surfaces 2221 and 2222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 2221 and 2222 are metallic.
  • the material of the armature 222 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 222 could thus advantageously be aluminum.
  • the arm(s) 2211 are advantageously covered with the same metallic material as the surfaces 2221 and 2222. A metallic part of the arms 2211 is thus surrounded by the winding 131, in order to promote centering of the actuator 22.
  • the armature 222 is integral of arm 2211.
  • the actuator 12 passes through the armature 222 between the windings 131 and 133.
  • the actuator 22 passes through the armature 122 between the windings 131 and 132.
  • the actuators 12 and 22 advantageously have strictly similar tubular shapes.
  • the actuators 12 and 22 are also advantageously made of the same material.
  • This configuration allows the actuators 12 and 22 to guide each other in sliding in the direction parallel to the axis A perpendicular to the surfaces 1221, 1222, 2221 and 2222.
  • FIG. 2 represents a top sectional view of the actuator 12. We can see the surface 1222 of the induced plate 122 of the circuit breaker 1 according to an example of an embodiment of the invention.
  • the armature 122 advantageously has a disc shape.
  • the rod 121 advantageously has three arms 1211 extending in the direction parallel to the axis A perpendicular to the surface 1222 and to the surface 1221 (not visible on the figure 2 ) and distributed symmetrically around the center Z (confused with the axis A) of the armature 122.
  • the armature 122 is pierced with orifices 123, in which the arms 2211 of the rod 221 of the actuator 22 (not shown) slide.
  • the orifices 123 are advantageously the same number as the arms 1211 of the rod 121 and distributed symmetrically around the center Z of the armature 122.
  • FIG. 3 represents a top sectional view of the actuator 12.
  • the surface 1222 of the induced plate 122 of the circuit breaker 1 can see the surface 1222 of the induced plate 122 of the circuit breaker 1, according to a variant of an example of an embodiment of the invention with two arms 1211 and two orifices 123.
  • FIG. 4 represents a detailed side sectional view of the opening control member of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the winding 131 is connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate an opening current in the winding 131.
  • the opening current peak thus travels through the winding 131 which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 122 and in the armature 222 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 131.
  • Mechanical forces of repulsion B, C and D appear then between the powered winding 131 and the armatures 122 and 222.
  • the forces B and C appear in directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 1221 and 1222.
  • the forces B and C make it possible to give the actuator 12 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 12 in this direction. direction, in a sense opening.
  • the actuator 22 is moved simultaneously in a direction opposite to that of the actuator 12.
  • the force D appears in a direction perpendicular to the axis A.
  • the force D makes it possible to generate magnetic centering of the actuator 12 and the actuator 22 vis-à-vis of axis A.
  • FIG. 5 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, in the open position, obtained by generating an opening current in the winding 131 as detailed previously.
  • the windings 132 and 133 are connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the windings 132 and 133.
  • the closing current peak travels through thus the windings 132 and 133 which then generate an electromagnetic pulse which respectively generates in the armature 122 and in the armature 222 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field is respectively opposed to that of the windings 132 and 133.
  • FIG. 6 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, in the closed position, according to a variant of an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprising the frame 10 on which two vacuum interrupters 11 are fixed and 21.
  • the vacuum bulb 11, the actuator 12, the armatures 122 and 222, and the control windings 131 to 133 are identical to those of the previous embodiment.
  • the supply and departure of the line current is done by electrical connections 2112 and 2114 connected respectively to the electrodes 2113 and 2111.
  • the movable electrode 2113 is made integral with an element 2210 of the rod 221 of the actuator 22.
  • the element 2210 is made of dielectric material in order to eliminate any risk of ignition between a control zone of the circuit breaker 1 and the mobile electrode 2113.
  • the dielectric element 2210 advantageously has a tubular shape.
  • the generation of a single opening current in the winding 131 makes it possible to give the actuators 12 and 22 sufficient acceleration to open both the switch 111 and the switch 211, while preserving the balance of the forces exerted on the winding 131. If the actuators 12 and 22 are identical and if the switches 111 and 211 are identical, the forces exerted on the winding 131 are perfectly balanced. We can consider that the forces of gravity are negligible compared to the forces exerted on the actuators 12 and 22 by the winding 131 during opening.
  • the switches 111 and 211 can be electrically connected in series, which makes it possible to increase the breaking power of the opening control of the circuit thus constituted.
  • Such a double cut can also be obtained in a volume relatively restricted, the switches 111 and 211 being fixed on the same body and the actuators 12 and 22 being nested.
  • the switches 111 and 211 can each be connected to an independent current circuit or to two circuits connected in parallel, which makes it possible to obtain the simultaneous opening of these two current circuits.
  • a parallel connection allows double the current to be conducted in the closed state, thus avoiding excessive heating.
  • switches 111 and 211 When the switches 111 and 211 are connected in series or in parallel, it is advantageous to connect their mobile electrodes 1113 and 2113 together, in order to be able to minimize or eliminate the thickness of the dielectric elements 1210 and 2210.
  • FIG. 7 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, according to the variant described Figure 6 , in the open position, obtained by generating an opening current in the winding 131 as detailed previously.
  • the windings 132 and 133 are connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the windings 132 and 133.
  • a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the windings 132 and 133.
  • FIG 8 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum bulb circuit breaker 1, in the closed position, according to another variant of an example of an embodiment of the invention comprising the frame 10 on which the two bulbs are fixed empty 11 and 21 previously described.
  • windings 135 and 136 are distributed symmetrically on either side of the winding 134.
  • the winding 135 is located between the winding 134 and the bulb 21.
  • the winding 136 is located between the winding 134 and the bulb 11.
  • windings 134, 135 and 136 are made integral with chassis 10.
  • the armature 123 is located between the windings 134 and 136.
  • the armature 124 is located between the winding 135 and the bulb 21.
  • the armature 223 is located between the windings 134 and 135.
  • the armature 224 is located between the winding 136 and bulb 11.
  • the opening control member is configured to simultaneously generate an opening current in the armatures 123 and 124 on the one hand, and an equivalent opening current in the armatures 223 and 224 on the other hand, so as to move the actuators 12 and 22 in opposite directions in the vertical direction parallel to axis A.
  • the windings 135 and 136 are connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate an opening current in the windings 135 and 136.
  • the opening current peak thus travels through the windings 135 and 136, which then generate each an electromagnetic pulse.
  • the pulse generated in the winding 135 generates induced eddy currents in the armatures 124 and 223 whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 135. Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the powered winding 135 and the armatures 124 and 223, according to directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 1242 and 2232 of the armatures 124 and 223.
  • the pulse generated in the winding 136 generates induced eddy currents in the armatures 123 and 224 whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 136. Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the powered winding 136 and the armatures 123 and 224, in directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 1232 and 2242 of the armatures 123 and 224.
  • FIG. 9 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, in the open position, obtained by generating an opening current in the windings 135 and 136 as detailed previously.
  • the winding 134 is connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the winding 134.
  • the closing current peak thus travels through the winding 134 which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 123 and in the armature 223 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 134.
  • FIG. 10 represents a side sectional view of an example of an induction-controlled vacuum bulb contactor 3 according to the invention, in open position, comprising a frame 30 on which a vacuum bulb 31 is fixed.
  • the supply and departure of the line current is done by electrical connections 3112 and 3114 connected respectively to the electrodes 3111 and 3113.
  • the contactor 3 comprises an actuator 32 secured to the movable electrode 3113.
  • the actuator 32 makes it possible to actuate the movable electrode 3113 by opening or closing the switch 311 of the contactor 3.
  • the actuator 32 is mounted sliding according to the vertical direction parallel to the axis A.
  • the actuator 32 comprises an armature 322.
  • the closing control member is configured to simultaneously generate a closing current in the armature 322 and a current in the armature 422, so as to separate the electrodes 3111 and 3113 and so as to move the actuators 32 and 42 in opposite directions in the vertical direction parallel to axis A.
  • the control member thus makes it possible, on the one hand, to close the circuit breaker 3 in a reduced time and to compensate for the reaction forces of the armature 322 on the winding 331 by reaction forces of the armature 422 on this winding 331, as detailed below.
  • the mobile mass integral with the actuator 42 is at least equal to half of the mobile mass integral with the actuator 32, preferably equal to the mass of this actuator 32, in order to obtain optimal compensation of the forces of reaction on the winding 331.
  • the mobile mass integral with an actuator includes in particular the mass of the electrode in addition to that of the actuator itself.
  • the actuator 32 here comprises a rod 321.
  • the rod 321 possibly comprises an element 3210 made of dielectric material in order to eliminate any risk of ignition between a control zone of the circuit breaker 3 and the movable electrode 3113.
  • the rod 321 also comprises one or more extensions 320, advantageously made of conductive material.
  • the extension 320 extends here beyond the armature 322.
  • the armature 322 is integral with the rod 3210.
  • the dielectric element 3210 of the rod 321 advantageously has a tubular shape.
  • the armature 322 advantageously takes the form of a plate located between a planar winding 333 and the winding (here also planar) 331.
  • the planar winding 333 belongs to an opening control member of the contactor 3.
  • the planar winding 333 is the opening coil.
  • the winding 333 is therefore positioned opposite the armature 322 of the actuator 32, on the side opposite the winding 331.
  • a planar winding 332 is placed opposite the winding 333 symmetrically with respect to the winding 331.
  • the windings 331, 332 and 333 are fixed to the frame 30.
  • the actuator 42 also includes a rod 421, advantageously tubular in shape, identical in shape to the rod 321.
  • the armature 422 comprises an upper conductive surface 4221 facing the winding 331 and a lower conductive surface 4222 facing the winding 131.
  • the surfaces 4221 and 4222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support. Surfaces 4221 and 4222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 4221 and 4222 are metallic.
  • the material of the armature 422 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 422 could thus advantageously be aluminum.
  • the armature 422 is integral with the rod 4210.
  • the extension 320 of the actuator 32 passes through the armature 422 and the winding 331.
  • the extension 420 of the actuator 42 passes through the armature 322 and the winding 331. This configuration allows the actuators 32 and 42 to guide each other in sliding in the direction parallel to axis A perpendicular to surfaces 3221, 3222, 4221 and 4222.
  • the armature 322 advantageously has a disc shape.
  • the rod 321 may have several extensions 320 extending in the direction parallel to the axis A perpendicular to the surface 3222 and to the surface 3221 around the axis A of the armature 322.
  • the armature 322 is pierced with orifices in which the extensions 420 of the rod 421 of the actuator 42 slide.
  • the orifices are advantageously the same number as the extensions 420 of the rod 421 and distributed symmetrically around the axis A.
  • the winding 331 is connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the winding 331.
  • the opening current peak thus travels through the winding 331 which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 322 and in the armature 422 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 331.
  • Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the powered winding 331 and the armatures 322 and 422.
  • a control can apply a current to the winding 333 (and similarly to the winding 332) to generate an opening current.
  • the opening current thus passes through the winding 333 (and similarly the winding 332) which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 322 (similarly in the armature 422) induced eddy currents whose field electromagnetic is opposed to that of winding 333 (and similarly to that of winding 332).
  • Mechanical repulsive forces then appear between the powered winding 333 and the armature 322 (similarly between the powered winding 332 and the armature 422).
  • Variants of contactor 3 similar to those presented for circuit breakers 1 can be considered: another switch actuated by actuator 42.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne les dispositifs de protection électrique tels que contacteurs, disjoncteurs, interrupteurs et sectionneurs rapides haute tension, et en particulier les ampoules à vide utilisées sur les réseaux haute tension pour de tels commutateurs. L'utilisation d'ampoules à vide permet de tenir des tensions élevées tout en présentant une résistance de contact faible à l'état fermé.The invention relates to electrical protection devices such as contactors, circuit breakers, switches and high voltage quick disconnectors, and in particular vacuum interrupters used on high voltage networks for such switches. The use of vacuum interrupters makes it possible to maintain high voltages while having low contact resistance in the closed state.

Le document JPH0992100 décrit une ampoule à vide haute tension continu.The document JPH0992100 describes a high voltage DC vacuum bulb.

Le document JPH08222092 décrit une ampoule à vide à actionnement par répulsion électromagnétique.The document JPH08222092 describes a vacuum bulb operated by electromagnetic repulsion.

Une ampoule à vide comporte généralement une électrode fixe et une électrode mobile, le contact entre les électrodes se faisant au sein d'une enceinte assurant l'étanchéité au vide. Pour un disjoncteur, le mouvement de l'électrode mobile est rendu possible par l'utilisation d'une commande de disjoncteur comportant une bobine d'ouverture, une bobine de fermeture et un plateau mobile placé entre ces bobines. L'électrode mobile est reliée au plateau mobile par une tige généralement isolante.A vacuum interrupter generally comprises a fixed electrode and a movable electrode, the contact between the electrodes being made within an enclosure ensuring vacuum tightness. For a circuit breaker, the movement of the movable electrode is made possible by the use of a circuit breaker control comprising an opening coil, a closing coil and a movable plate placed between these coils. The mobile electrode is connected to the mobile plate by a generally insulating rod.

Pour manoeuvrer le disjoncteur, on décharge un ensemble capacitif dans la bobine correspondante. Le pic de courant qui parcourt la bobine génère alors une impulsion électromagnétique qui engendre dans le plateau mobile des courants induits dits de Foucault dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui de la bobine. Le plateau mobile est alors dit « induit ». Une force de répulsion apparaît ainsi entre la bobine alimentée et l'induit, ce qui permet de déplacer le plateau mobile et l'électrode mobile qui lui est reliée.To operate the circuit breaker, a capacitive assembly is discharged into the corresponding coil. The current peak which travels through the coil then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates induced so-called eddy currents in the moving plate, the electromagnetic field of which opposes that of the coil. The mobile plate is then called “induced”. A repulsive force thus appears between the powered coil and the armature, which makes it possible to move the mobile plate and the mobile electrode connected to it.

La force de réaction sur la bobine d'ouverture et sur son support induit des vibrations néfastes lors de l'ouverture. A l'usage, la force de réaction sur la bobine d'ouverture et sur son support peut les déformer ou les déplacer dans le référentiel du châssis qui les supporte. Dès lors, l'entrefer entre la bobine d'ouverture et la surface de l'induit peut devenir irrégulière sur la surface de l'induit. L'entrefer peut notamment augmenter pendant la durée de vie du disjoncteur. Un entrefer réduit conduisant à un rendement optimum de la conversion électromécanique, l'ouverture du disjoncteur peut devenir de moins en moins rapide au cours du temps. De plus, pour disposer d'un pouvoir de coupure accru, il est nécessaire d'accroître la course du plateau mobile ainsi que l'effort exercé pour procéder à l'ouverture.The reaction force on the opening coil and on its support induces harmful vibrations during opening. In use, the reaction force on the opening coil and on its support can deform them or move them in the frame of reference of the frame which supports them. Therefore, the air gap between the opening coil and the armature surface may become irregular on the armature surface. The air gap may in particular increase during the life of the circuit breaker. A reduced air gap leading to optimum efficiency of the electromechanical conversion, the opening of the circuit breaker can become less and less rapid over time. In addition, to have increased cutting power, it is necessary to increase the travel of the mobile plate as well as the effort exerted to carry out the opening.

Par ailleurs, une problématique similaire est rencontrée pour mettre en oeuvre la fermeture d'un contacteur. Le document DE202011050847U montre un commutateur selon la préambule de la revendication 1.Furthermore, a similar problem is encountered when implementing the closing of a contactor. The document DE202011050847U shows a switch according to the preamble of claim 1.

L'invention vise à résoudre un ou plusieurs de ces inconvénients. L'invention porte ainsi sur un commutateur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction, tel que défini dans les revendications annexées.The invention aims to resolve one or more of these drawbacks. The invention thus relates to an induction-controlled vacuum interrupter switch, as defined in the appended claims.

L'invention porte également sur les variantes des revendications dépendantes. L'homme du métier comprendra que chacune des caractéristiques des revendications dépendantes et de la description peut être combinée indépendamment aux caractéristiques ci-dessus, sans pour autant constituer une généralisation intermédiaire.The invention also relates to variations of the dependent claims. Those skilled in the art will understand that each of the features of the dependent claims and the description can be combined independently with the above features, without constituting an intermediate generalization.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • [Fig.1] représente une vue en coupe de côté d'un disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction, en position fermée, comportant un interrupteur à deux plateaux induits, selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
  • [Fig.2] représente une vue en coupe de dessus d'un actionneur du disjoncteur de la figure 1, en coupe au niveau d'un arbre ;
  • [Fig.3] représente une vue en coupe de dessus d'une variante d'actionneur du disjoncteur de la figure 1 ;
  • [Fig.4] représente une vue en coupe de côté détaillée de l'organe de commande du disjoncteur de la figure 1 ;
  • [Fig.5] représente une vue en coupe de côté du disjoncteur en position ouverte ;
  • [Fig.6] représente une vue en coupe de côté d'une variante du disjoncteur, en position fermée, comportant deux interrupteurs et deux plateaux induits, selon un autre exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
  • [Fig.7] représente une vue en coupe de côté de la variante du disjoncteur de la figure 6, en position ouverte ;
  • [Fig.8] représente une vue en coupe de côté d'une autre variante du disjoncteur, en position fermée, comportant deux interrupteurs et quatre plateaux induits, selon un autre exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention ;
  • [Fig.9] représente une vue en coupe de côté de la variante du disjoncteur de la figure 8, en position ouverte ;
  • [Fig. 10] représente une vue en coupe de côté d'un contacteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, en position ouverte ;
  • [Fig.11] représente une vue en coupe du contacteur à ampoule à vide de la figure 10, en position fermée.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description given below, for information only and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • [ Fig.1 ] represents a side sectional view of an induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker, in the closed position, comprising a switch with two induced plates, according to an example of implementation of the invention;
  • [ Fig.2 ] represents a top sectional view of a circuit breaker actuator of the figure 1 , in section at the level of a tree;
  • [ Fig.3 ] represents a top sectional view of a variant of the circuit breaker actuator of the figure 1 ;
  • [ Fig.4 ] represents a detailed side sectional view of the control member of the circuit breaker of the figure 1 ;
  • [ Fig.5 ] represents a side sectional view of the circuit breaker in the open position;
  • [ Fig.6 ] represents a side sectional view of a variant of the circuit breaker, in the closed position, comprising two switches and two induced plates, according to another example of implementation of the invention;
  • [ Fig.7 ] shows a side sectional view of the circuit breaker variant of the Figure 6 , in open position;
  • [ Fig.8 ] represents a side sectional view of another variant of the circuit breaker, in the closed position, comprising two switches and four induced plates, according to another example of implementation of the invention;
  • [ Fig.9 ] shows a side sectional view of the circuit breaker variant of the figure 8 , in open position;
  • [ Fig. 10 ] represents a side sectional view of an induction-controlled vacuum bulb contactor according to one embodiment of the invention, in the open position;
  • [ Fig.11 ] shows a sectional view of the vacuum interrupter contactor of the Figure 10 , in the closed position.

L'invention s'applique à un commutateur électrique de sécurité, dont la fonction principale est soit le sectionnement par exemple pour un disjoncteur, soit la connexion par exemple pour un dispositif de mise à la terre.The invention applies to an electrical safety switch, the main function of which is either sectioning, for example for a circuit breaker, or connection, for example, for an earthing device.

La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe de côté d'un exemple de disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 1 selon l'invention, en position fermée, comportant un châssis 10 sur lequel est fixée une ampoule à vide 11.There figure 1 represents a side sectional view of an example of an induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1 according to the invention, in the closed position, comprising a frame 10 on which a vacuum interrupter 11 is fixed.

L'ampoule à vide 11 comporte :

  • une enceinte 110 assurant l'étanchéité au vide,
  • un interrupteur 111 comportant lui-même une électrode fixe 1111 et une électrode mobile 1113. Les électrodes 1111 et 1113 sont alignées selon un axe A. Les électrodes 1111 et 1113 sont logées dans l'enceinte sous vide 110 ;
  • un soufflet 112 autorisant un mouvement de translation de l'électrode mobile 1113 selon l'axe A. Les électrodes 1111 et 1113 sont ainsi susceptibles d'être mises en contact (pour fermer l'interrupteur) ou séparées l'une de l'autre (pour ouvrir l'interrupteur) tout en conservant l'étanchéité au vide de l'enceinte 110.
The vacuum interrupter 11 includes:
  • an enclosure 110 ensuring vacuum tightness,
  • a switch 111 itself comprising a fixed electrode 1111 and a movable electrode 1113. The electrodes 1111 and 1113 are aligned along an axis A. The electrodes 1111 and 1113 are housed in the vacuum enclosure 110;
  • a bellows 112 allowing translational movement of the movable electrode 1113 along the axis A. The electrodes 1111 and 1113 are thus capable of being brought into contact (to close the switch) or separated from one another (to open the switch) while maintaining the vacuum tightness of the enclosure 110.

L'amenée et le départ du courant de ligne se fait par des connexions électriques 1112 et 1114 reliées respectivement aux électrodes 1111 et 1113.The supply and departure of the line current is done by electrical connections 1112 and 1114 connected respectively to the electrodes 1111 and 1113.

Le disjoncteur 1 comprend un actionneur 12 solidaire de l'électrode mobile 1113. L'actionneur 12 permet d'actionner l'électrode mobile 1113 en ouverture ou en fermeture de l'interrupteur 111 du disjoncteur 1. L'actionneur 12 est monté coulissant selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. L'actionneur 12 comprend un induit 122.The circuit breaker 1 comprises an actuator 12 secured to the movable electrode 1113. The actuator 12 makes it possible to actuate the movable electrode 1113 by opening or closing the switch 111 of the circuit breaker 1. The actuator 12 is mounted sliding according to the vertical direction parallel to the axis A. The actuator 12 comprises an armature 122.

Le disjoncteur 1 comprend également :

  • un organe de commande en ouverture. L'organe de commande en ouverture comporte un bobinage 131 ;
  • un autre actionneur 22 monté coulissant selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. L'actionneur 22 comprend un induit 222. Le bobinage 131 est positionné entre l'induit 122 et l'induit 222.
Circuit breaker 1 also includes:
  • an opening control member. The opening control member comprises a winding 131;
  • another actuator 22 mounted sliding in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A. The actuator 22 comprises an armature 222. The winding 131 is positioned between the armature 122 and the armature 222.

L'organe de commande en ouverture est configuré pour induire simultanément un courant d'ouverture dans l'induit 122 et un courant dans l'induit 222, de façon à séparer les électrodes 1111 et 1113 et de façon à déplacer les actionneurs 12 et 22 dans des sens opposés selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. Pour minimiser les contraintes sur le châssis créées par les forces de réaction, les deux axes selon lesquels se font les mouvements des actionneurs 12 et 22 sont confondus. L'organe de commande permet ainsi d'une part de réaliser l'ouverture du disjoncteur 1 en un temps réduit et de compenser les efforts de réaction de l'induit 122 sur le bobinage 131 par des efforts de réaction de l'induit 222 sur le bobinage 131, comme détaillé par la suite. Ainsi, des efforts de compression et de même amplitude ne sont appliqués que sur ce bobinage 131, ce qui permet de réduire le dimensionnement de sa fixation au châssis 10. Du fait de la compensation de ces efforts, le bobinage 131 subit moins de déformation et l'entrefer entre ce bobinage 131 et l'induit 122 varie peu sur la durée de vie du disjoncteur 1. On peut ainsi garantir un temps d'ouverture rapide du disjoncteur 1, même après un grand nombre d'opérations d'ouvertures et de fermetures. Les vibrations générées à l'ouverture du disjoncteur 1 sont également réduites.The opening control member is configured to simultaneously induce an opening current in the armature 122 and a current in the armature 222, so as to separate the electrodes 1111 and 1113 and so as to move the actuators 12 and 22 in opposite directions in the vertical direction parallel to axis A. To minimize the stresses on the chassis created by the reaction forces, the two axes along which the movements of the actuators 12 and 22 take place are combined. The control member thus makes it possible on the one hand to open the circuit breaker 1 in a reduced time and to compensate for the reaction forces of the armature 122 on the winding 131 by reaction forces of the armature 222 on the winding 131, as detailed below. Thus, compressive forces of the same amplitude are only applied to this winding 131, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensioning of its attachment to the chassis 10. Due to the compensation of these forces, the winding 131 undergoes less deformation and the air gap between this winding 131 and the armature 122 varies little over the life of the circuit breaker 1. We can thus guarantee a rapid opening time of the circuit breaker 1, even after a large number of opening and closing operations. closures. The vibrations generated when circuit breaker 1 opens are also reduced.

Avantageusement, la masse mobile solidaire de l'actionneur 22 est au moins égale à la moitié de la masse mobile solidaire de l'actionneur 12, de préférence égale à la masse de cet actionneur 12, afin d'obtenir une compensation optimale des efforts de réaction sur le bobinage 131. La masse mobile solidaire d'un actionneur inclut notamment sa masse et celle de son électrode mobile.Advantageously, the mobile mass integral with the actuator 22 is at least equal to half of the mobile mass integral with the actuator 12, preferably equal to the mass of this actuator 12, in order to obtain optimal compensation of the forces of reaction on the winding 131. The mobile mass integral with an actuator includes in particular its mass and that of its mobile electrode.

L'actionneur 12 comporte ici une tige 121. La tige 121 comporte éventuellement un élément 1210 en matériau diélectrique afin d'éliminer tout risque d'amorçage entre une zone de commande du disjoncteur 1 et l'électrode mobile 1113. La tige 121 comporte également un ou plusieurs bras 1211, avantageusement en matériau conducteur. L'élément 1210 est interposé entre le bras 1211 et l'électrode 1113. L'induit 122 est solidaire du bras 1211. L'élément diélectrique 1210 de la tige 121 présente avantageusement une forme tubulaire.The actuator 12 here comprises a rod 121. The rod 121 possibly comprises an element 1210 made of dielectric material in order to eliminate any risk of ignition between a control zone of the circuit breaker 1 and the movable electrode 1113. The rod 121 also comprises one or more arms 1211, advantageously made of conductive material. The element 1210 is interposed between the arm 1211 and the electrode 1113. The armature 122 is integral with the arm 1211. The dielectric element 1210 of the rod 121 advantageously has a tubular shape.

L'induit 122 prend avantageusement la forme d'un plateau situé entre un bobinage planaire 132 et le bobinage (ici également planaire) 131. Le bobinage planaire 132 appartient à un organe de commande de fermeture du disjoncteur 1. Le bobinage planaire 132 est la bobine de fermeture. Le bobinage 132 est donc positionné en vis-à-vis de l'induit 122 de l'actionneur 12, du côté opposé à l'induit 222.The armature 122 advantageously takes the form of a plate located between a planar winding 132 and the winding (here also planar) 131. The planar winding 132 belongs to a closing control member of the circuit breaker 1. The planar winding 132 is the closing coil. The winding 132 is therefore positioned opposite the armature 122 of the actuator 12, on the side opposite the armature 222.

L'induit 122 comporte ici une surface inférieure conductrice 1221 faisant face au bobinage 132 et une surface supérieure conductrice 1222 faisant face au bobinage 131. Les surfaces 1221 et 1222 peuvent être formées monobloc dans un plateau massif ou être rapportées sur un support en forme de plateau et en un matériau différent. Les surfaces 1221 et 1222 sont perpendiculaires à l'axe A. Les surfaces 1221 et 1222 sont avantageusement métalliques. Le matériau de l'induit 122 pourra être sélectionné pour son ratio conductivité / masse volumique élevé ; le matériau de l'induit 122 pourra ainsi avantageusement être de l'aluminium. Le ou les bras 1211 sont avantageusement recouverts du même matériau métallique que les surfaces 1221 et 1222 ou formés dans le même matériau métallique que les surfaces 1221 et 1222. Une partie métallique des bras 1211 est ainsi ceinturée par le bobinage 131, afin de favoriser un centrage de l'actionneur 12. Avantageusement, les surfaces d'induit 1221 et 1222 (ainsi que le bobinage131) sont axisymétriques par rapport à l'axe A, pour que des couples de forces se compensent sur les différents éléments de l'induit 122.The armature 122 here comprises a lower conductive surface 1221 facing the winding 132 and an upper conductive surface 1222 facing the winding 131. The surfaces 1221 and 1222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support in the form of a tray and in a different material. Surfaces 1221 and 1222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 1221 and 1222 are advantageously metallic. The material of the armature 122 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 122 could thus advantageously be aluminum. The arm(s) 1211 are advantageously covered with the same metallic material as the surfaces 1221 and 1222 or formed in the same metallic material as the surfaces 1221 and 1222. A metallic part of the arms 1211 is thus surrounded by the coil 131, in order to promote a centering of the actuator 12. Advantageously, the armature surfaces 1221 and 1222 (as well as the winding 131) are axisymmetric with respect to the axis A, so that the torques of forces are compensated on the different elements of the armature 122 .

Un bobinage planaire 133 est placé en regard du bobinage 132 symétriquement par rapport au bobinage 131.A planar winding 133 is placed opposite the winding 132 symmetrically with respect to the winding 131.

Les bobinages 131, 132 et 133 sont fixés au châssis 10 et traversés selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A par la tige 121 de l'actionneur 12.The windings 131, 132 and 133 are fixed to the chassis 10 and crossed in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A by the rod 121 of the actuator 12.

L'actionneur 22 traverse également les bobinages 131, 132 et 133 selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A.The actuator 22 also passes through the windings 131, 132 and 133 in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A.

L'actionneur 22 comporte également une tige 221, de forme avantageusement tubulaire, symétrique de la tige 121 selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. La tige 221 comporte également un ou plusieurs bras 2211, traversant les bobinages 131, 132 et 133 et l'induit 122 selon la direction verticale.The actuator 22 also comprises a rod 221, advantageously tubular in shape, symmetrical to the rod 121 in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A. The rod 221 also comprises one or more arms 2211, passing through the windings 131, 132 and 133 and the armature 122 in the vertical direction.

L'induit 222 comporte une surface supérieure conductrice 2221 faisant face au bobinage 133 et une surface inférieure conductrice 2222 faisant face au bobinage 131. Les surfaces 2221 et 2222 peuvent être formées monobloc dans un plateau massif ou être rapportées sur un support. Les surfaces 2221 et 2222 sont perpendiculaires à l'axe A. Les surfaces 2221 et 2222 sont métalliques. Le matériau de l'induit 222 pourra être sélectionné pour son ratio conductivité / masse volumique élevé ; le matériau de l'induit 222 pourra ainsi avantageusement être de l'aluminium. Le ou les bras 2211 sont avantageusement recouverts du même matériau métallique que les surfaces 2221 et 2222. Une partie métallique des bras 2211 est ainsi ceinturée par le bobinage 131, afin de favoriser un centrage de l'actionneur 22. L'induit 222 est solidaire du bras 2211.The armature 222 comprises an upper conductive surface 2221 facing the winding 133 and a lower conductive surface 2222 facing the winding 131. The surfaces 2221 and 2222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support. Surfaces 2221 and 2222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 2221 and 2222 are metallic. The material of the armature 222 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 222 could thus advantageously be aluminum. The arm(s) 2211 are advantageously covered with the same metallic material as the surfaces 2221 and 2222. A metallic part of the arms 2211 is thus surrounded by the winding 131, in order to promote centering of the actuator 22. The armature 222 is integral of arm 2211.

L'actionneur 12 traverse l'induit 222 entre les bobinages 131 et 133. L'actionneur 22 traverse l'induit 122 entre les bobinages 131 et 132. Les actionneurs 12 et 22 présentent avantageusement des formes tubulaires strictement similaires. Les actionneurs 12 et 22 sont également avantageusement constitués du même matériau.The actuator 12 passes through the armature 222 between the windings 131 and 133. The actuator 22 passes through the armature 122 between the windings 131 and 132. The actuators 12 and 22 advantageously have strictly similar tubular shapes. The actuators 12 and 22 are also advantageously made of the same material.

Cette configuration permet aux actionneurs 12 et 22 de se guider mutuellement en coulissement selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A perpendiculairement aux surfaces 1221, 1222, 2221 et 2222.This configuration allows the actuators 12 and 22 to guide each other in sliding in the direction parallel to the axis A perpendicular to the surfaces 1221, 1222, 2221 and 2222.

La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe de dessus de l'actionneur 12. On y distingue la surface 1222 du plateau induit 122 du disjoncteur 1 selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention.There figure 2 represents a top sectional view of the actuator 12. We can see the surface 1222 of the induced plate 122 of the circuit breaker 1 according to an example of an embodiment of the invention.

L'induit 122 présente avantageusement une forme de disque.The armature 122 advantageously has a disc shape.

La tige 121 présente avantageusement trois bras 1211 s'étendant selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A perpendiculairement à la surface 1222 et à la surface 1221 (non visible sur la figure 2) et répartis symétriquement autour du centre Z (confondu avec l'axe A) de l'induit 122.The rod 121 advantageously has three arms 1211 extending in the direction parallel to the axis A perpendicular to the surface 1222 and to the surface 1221 (not visible on the figure 2 ) and distributed symmetrically around the center Z (confused with the axis A) of the armature 122.

L'induit 122 est percé d'orifices 123, dans lesquelles les bras 2211 de la tige 221 de l'actionneur 22 (non représentée) coulissent. Les orifices 123 sont avantageusement au même nombre que les bras 1211 de la tige 121 et répartis symétriquement autour du centre Z de l'induit 122.The armature 122 is pierced with orifices 123, in which the arms 2211 of the rod 221 of the actuator 22 (not shown) slide. The orifices 123 are advantageously the same number as the arms 1211 of the rod 121 and distributed symmetrically around the center Z of the armature 122.

La figure 3 représente une vue en coupe de dessus de l'actionneur 12. On y distingue la surface 1222 du plateau induit 122 du disjoncteur 1, selon une variante d'exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention à deux bras 1211 et deux orifices 123.There Figure 3 represents a top sectional view of the actuator 12. We can see the surface 1222 of the induced plate 122 of the circuit breaker 1, according to a variant of an example of an embodiment of the invention with two arms 1211 and two orifices 123.

La figure 4 représente une vue en coupe de côté détaillée de l'organe de commande en ouverture du disjoncteur 1.There figure 4 represents a detailed side sectional view of the opening control member of the circuit breaker 1.

Selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention, le bobinage 131 est relié à un condensateur ou ensemble capacitif (non représentés) configuré pour générer un courant d'ouverture dans le bobinage 131. Le pic de courant d'ouverture parcourt ainsi le bobinage 131 qui génère alors une impulsion électromagnétique qui engendre dans l'induit 122 et dans l'induit 222 des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui du bobinage 131. Des forces mécaniques de répulsion B, C et D apparaissent alors entre le bobinage alimenté 131 et les induits 122 et 222.According to an example embodiment of the invention, the winding 131 is connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate an opening current in the winding 131. The opening current peak thus travels through the winding 131 which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 122 and in the armature 222 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 131. Mechanical forces of repulsion B, C and D appear then between the powered winding 131 and the armatures 122 and 222.

Les forces B et C apparaissent selon des directions respectivement perpendiculaires aux surfaces 1221 et 1222. Les forces B et C permettent de donner à l'actionneur 12 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 12 dans cette direction, dans un sens d'ouverture. Selon un fonctionnement similaire, l'actionneur 22 est déplacé simultanément dans un sens opposé à celui de l'actionneur 12.The forces B and C appear in directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 1221 and 1222. The forces B and C make it possible to give the actuator 12 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 12 in this direction. direction, in a sense opening. According to a similar operation, the actuator 22 is moved simultaneously in a direction opposite to that of the actuator 12.

Lorsque les bras 1211 et 2211 sont en matériau conducteur, la force D apparaît selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe A. La force D permet de générer un centrage magnétique de l'actionneur 12 et de l'actionneur 22 vis-à-vis de l'axe A.When the arms 1211 and 2211 are made of conductive material, the force D appears in a direction perpendicular to the axis A. The force D makes it possible to generate magnetic centering of the actuator 12 and the actuator 22 vis-à-vis of axis A.

La figure 5 représente une vue en coupe de côté du disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 1, en position ouverte, obtenue par génération d'un courant d'ouverture dans le bobinage 131 comme détaillé précédemment.There figure 5 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, in the open position, obtained by generating an opening current in the winding 131 as detailed previously.

Selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention, les bobinages 132 et 133 sont reliés à un condensateur ou ensemble capacitif (non représentés) configurés pour générer un courant de fermeture dans les bobinages 132 et 133. Le pic de courant de fermeture parcourt ainsi les bobinages 132 et 133 qui génèrent alors une impulsion électromagnétique qui engendre respectivement dans l'induit 122 et dans l'induit 222 des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose respectivement à celui des bobinages 132 et 133.According to an example embodiment of the invention, the windings 132 and 133 are connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the windings 132 and 133. The closing current peak travels through thus the windings 132 and 133 which then generate an electromagnetic pulse which respectively generates in the armature 122 and in the armature 222 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field is respectively opposed to that of the windings 132 and 133.

Des forces mécaniques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage 132 et l'induit 122, selon une direction perpendiculaire à la surface 1221. Ces forces permettent de donner à l'actionneur 12 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 12 dans cette direction, dans un sens de fermeture de l'interrupteur 111.Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the winding 132 and the armature 122, in a direction perpendicular to the surface 1221. These forces make it possible to give the actuator 12 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 12 in this direction, in a closing direction of the switch 111.

Selon un fonctionnement similaire, des forces mécaniques équivalentes apparaissent également entre le bobinage 133 et l'induit 222, selon une direction perpendiculaire à la surface 2221. Ces forces permettent de donner à l'actionneur 22 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 22 dans cette direction, dans un sens opposé à celui de l'actionneur 12.According to a similar operation, equivalent mechanical forces also appear between the winding 133 and the armature 222, in a direction perpendicular to the surface 2221. These forces make it possible to give the actuator 22 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 22 in this direction, in a direction opposite to that of the actuator 12.

La figure 6 représente une vue en coupe de côté du disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 1, en position fermée, selon une variante d'exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention comportant le châssis 10 sur lequel sont fixées deux ampoules à vide 11 et 21. L'ampoule à vide 11, l'actionneur 12, les induits 122 et 222, et les bobinages de commande 131 à 133 sont identiques à ceux du mode de réalisation précédent.There Figure 6 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, in the closed position, according to a variant of an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprising the frame 10 on which two vacuum interrupters 11 are fixed and 21. The vacuum bulb 11, the actuator 12, the armatures 122 and 222, and the control windings 131 to 133 are identical to those of the previous embodiment.

L'ampoule à vide 21 comporte :

  • une enceinte 210 assurant l'étanchéité au vide,
  • un interrupteur 211 comportant lui-même une électrode fixe 2111 et une électrode mobile 2113. Les électrodes 2111 et 2113 sont alignées selon l'axe A. Les électrodes 2111 et 2113 sont logées dans l'enceinte sous vide 210 ;
  • un soufflet 212 autorisant un mouvement de translation de l'électrode mobile 2113 selon l'axe A. Les électrodes 2111 et 2113 sont ainsi susceptibles d'être mises en contact ou séparées l'une de l'autre tout en conservant l'étanchéité au vide de l'enceinte 210.
The vacuum interrupter 21 includes:
  • an enclosure 210 ensuring vacuum tightness,
  • a switch 211 itself comprising a fixed electrode 2111 and a movable electrode 2113. The electrodes 2111 and 2113 are aligned along the axis A. The electrodes 2111 and 2113 are housed in the vacuum enclosure 210;
  • a bellows 212 allowing translational movement of the movable electrode 2113 along the axis A. The electrodes 2111 and 2113 are thus capable of being brought into contact or separated from one another while maintaining watertightness. empty of enclosure 210.

L'amenée et le départ du courant de ligne se fait par des connexions électriques 2112 et 2114 reliées respectivement aux électrodes 2113 et 2111.The supply and departure of the line current is done by electrical connections 2112 and 2114 connected respectively to the electrodes 2113 and 2111.

L'électrode mobile 2113 est rendue solidaire d'un élément 2210 de la tige 221 de l'actionneur 22. L'élément 2210 est en matériau diélectrique afin d'éliminer tout risque d'amorçage entre une zone de commande du disjoncteur 1 et l'électrode mobile 2113. L'élément diélectrique 2210 présente avantageusement une forme tubulaire.The movable electrode 2113 is made integral with an element 2210 of the rod 221 of the actuator 22. The element 2210 is made of dielectric material in order to eliminate any risk of ignition between a control zone of the circuit breaker 1 and the mobile electrode 2113. The dielectric element 2210 advantageously has a tubular shape.

Selon cet exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention, la génération d'un seul courant d'ouverture dans le bobinage 131 permet de donner aux actionneurs 12 et 22 une accélération suffisante pour ouvrir à la fois l'interrupteur 111 et l'interrupteur 211, tout en préservant l'équilibre des forces exercées sur le bobinage 131. Si les actionneurs 12 et 22 sont identiques et si les interrupteurs 111 et 211 sont identiques, les forces exercées sur le bobinage 131 sont parfaitement équilibrées. On pourra considérer que les forces de gravité sont négligeables par rapport aux forces exercées sur les actionneurs 12 et 22 par le bobinage 131 lors de l'ouverture.According to this example embodiment of the invention, the generation of a single opening current in the winding 131 makes it possible to give the actuators 12 and 22 sufficient acceleration to open both the switch 111 and the switch 211, while preserving the balance of the forces exerted on the winding 131. If the actuators 12 and 22 are identical and if the switches 111 and 211 are identical, the forces exerted on the winding 131 are perfectly balanced. We can consider that the forces of gravity are negligible compared to the forces exerted on the actuators 12 and 22 by the winding 131 during opening.

Selon une variante de ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, les interrupteurs 111 et 211 peuvent être connectés électriquement en série, ce qui permet d'augmenter le pouvoir de coupure de la commande d'ouverture du circuit ainsi constitué. Une telle coupure double peut en outre être obtenue dans un volume relativement restreint, les interrupteurs 111 et 211 étant fixés sur un même corps et les actionneurs 12 et 22 étant imbriqués.According to a variant of this embodiment of the invention, the switches 111 and 211 can be electrically connected in series, which makes it possible to increase the breaking power of the opening control of the circuit thus constituted. Such a double cut can also be obtained in a volume relatively restricted, the switches 111 and 211 being fixed on the same body and the actuators 12 and 22 being nested.

Selon une autre variante de ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, les interrupteurs 111 et 211 peuvent être reliés chacun à un circuit de courant indépendant ou à deux circuits connectés en parallèle, ce qui permet d'obtenir l'ouverture simultanée de ces deux circuits de courant.According to another variant of this embodiment of the invention, the switches 111 and 211 can each be connected to an independent current circuit or to two circuits connected in parallel, which makes it possible to obtain the simultaneous opening of these two current circuits.

Une connexion en parallèle permet de conduire le double de courant à l'état fermé, évitant ainsi un échauffement excessif.A parallel connection allows double the current to be conducted in the closed state, thus avoiding excessive heating.

Lorsque les interrupteurs 111 et 211 sont connectés en série ou en parallèle, il est avantageux de connecter ensemble leurs électrodes mobiles 1113 et 2113, afin de pouvoir minimiser ou éliminer l'épaisseur des éléments diélectriques 1210 et 2210.When the switches 111 and 211 are connected in series or in parallel, it is advantageous to connect their mobile electrodes 1113 and 2113 together, in order to be able to minimize or eliminate the thickness of the dielectric elements 1210 and 2210.

La figure 7 représente une vue en coupe de côté du disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 1, selon la variante décrite figure 6, en position ouverte, obtenue par génération d'un courant d'ouverture dans le bobinage 131 comme détaillé précédemment.There Figure 7 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, according to the variant described Figure 6 , in the open position, obtained by generating an opening current in the winding 131 as detailed previously.

Selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention, les bobinages 132 et 133 sont reliés à un condensateur ou ensemble capacitif (non représentés) configurés pour générer un courant de fermeture dans les bobinages 132 et 133. Comme pour le mode de réalisation précédent, des forces mécaniques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage 132 et l'induit 122, selon une direction perpendiculaire à la surface 1221. Ces forces permettent de donner à l'actionneur 12 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 12 dans cette direction, dans un sens de fermeture de l'interrupteur 111.According to an example embodiment of the invention, the windings 132 and 133 are connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the windings 132 and 133. As for the previous embodiment , mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the winding 132 and the armature 122, in a direction perpendicular to the surface 1221. These forces make it possible to give the actuator 12 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 12 in this direction, in a closing direction of the switch 111.

Selon un fonctionnement similaire, des forces mécaniques équivalentes apparaissent également entre le bobinage 133 et l'induit 222, selon une direction perpendiculaire à la surface 2221. Ces forces permettent de donner à l'actionneur 22 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 22 dans cette direction, dans un sens de fermeture de l'interrupteur 211, ce sens étant opposé à celui de l'actionneur 12.According to a similar operation, equivalent mechanical forces also appear between the winding 133 and the armature 222, in a direction perpendicular to the surface 2221. These forces make it possible to give the actuator 22 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 22 in this direction, in a closing direction of the switch 211, this direction being opposite to that of the actuator 12.

La figure 8 représente une vue en coupe de côté du disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 1, en position fermée, selon une autre variante d'exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention comportant le châssis 10 sur lequel sont fixées les deux ampoules à vide 11 et 21 précédemment décrites.There figure 8 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum bulb circuit breaker 1, in the closed position, according to another variant of an example of an embodiment of the invention comprising the frame 10 on which the two bulbs are fixed empty 11 and 21 previously described.

Le disjoncteur 1 comprend ici :

  • un organe de commande en ouverture, comprenant lui-même deux bobinages 135 et 136 ;
  • un organe de commande en fermeture, comprenant lui-même un bobinage 134,
  • l'actionneur 12, comprenant lui-même deux induits 123 et 124,
  • l'actionneur 22, comprenant lui-même deux induits 223 et 224.
Circuit breaker 1 includes here:
  • an opening control member, itself comprising two windings 135 and 136;
  • a closing control member, itself comprising a winding 134,
  • the actuator 12, itself comprising two armatures 123 and 124,
  • the actuator 22, itself comprising two armatures 223 and 224.

Dans la configuration décrite figure 8, les bobinages 135 et 136 sont répartis symétriquement de part et d'autre du bobinage 134. Le bobinage 135 est situé entre le bobinage 134 et l'ampoule 21. Le bobinage 136 est situé entre le bobinage 134 et l'ampoule 11. Les bobinages 134, 135 et 136 sont rendus solidaires du châssis 10.In the configuration described figure 8 , the windings 135 and 136 are distributed symmetrically on either side of the winding 134. The winding 135 is located between the winding 134 and the bulb 21. The winding 136 is located between the winding 134 and the bulb 11. windings 134, 135 and 136 are made integral with chassis 10.

L'induit 123 est situé entre les bobinages 134 et 136. L'induit 124 est situé entre le bobinage 135 et l'ampoule 21. L'induit 223 est situé entre les bobinages 134 et 135. L'induit 224 est situé entre le bobinage 136 et l'ampoule 11.The armature 123 is located between the windings 134 and 136. The armature 124 is located between the winding 135 and the bulb 21. The armature 223 is located between the windings 134 and 135. The armature 224 is located between the winding 136 and bulb 11.

L'organe de commande en ouverture est configuré pour générer simultanément un courant d'ouverture dans les induits 123 et 124 d'une part, et un courant d'ouverture équivalent dans les induits 223 et 224 d'autre part, de façon à déplacer les actionneurs 12 et 22 dans des sens opposés selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A.The opening control member is configured to simultaneously generate an opening current in the armatures 123 and 124 on the one hand, and an equivalent opening current in the armatures 223 and 224 on the other hand, so as to move the actuators 12 and 22 in opposite directions in the vertical direction parallel to axis A.

Les bobinages 135 et 136 sont reliés à un condensateur ou ensemble capacitif (non représentés) configurés pour générer un courant d'ouverture dans les bobinages 135 et 136. Le pic de courant d'ouverture parcourt ainsi les bobinages 135 et 136, qui génèrent alors chacun une impulsion électromagnétique.The windings 135 and 136 are connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate an opening current in the windings 135 and 136. The opening current peak thus travels through the windings 135 and 136, which then generate each an electromagnetic pulse.

L'impulsion générée dans le bobinage 135 engendre dans les induits 124 et 223 des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui du bobinage 135. Des forces mécaniques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage alimenté 135 et les induits 124 et 223, selon des directions respectivement perpendiculaires aux surfaces 1242 et 2232 des induits 124 et 223.The pulse generated in the winding 135 generates induced eddy currents in the armatures 124 and 223 whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 135. Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the powered winding 135 and the armatures 124 and 223, according to directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 1242 and 2232 of the armatures 124 and 223.

L'impulsion générée dans le bobinage 136 engendre dans les induits 123 et 224 des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui du bobinage 136. Des forces mécaniques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage alimenté 136 et les induits 123 et 224, selon des directions respectivement perpendiculaires aux surfaces 1232 et 2242 des induits 123 et 224.The pulse generated in the winding 136 generates induced eddy currents in the armatures 123 and 224 whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 136. Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the powered winding 136 and the armatures 123 and 224, in directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 1232 and 2242 of the armatures 123 and 224.

Ces forces mécaniques permettent de donner aux actionneurs 12 et 22 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 12 et l'actionneur 22 dans cette direction dans des sens opposés d'ouverture des interrupteurs 111 et 211.These mechanical forces make it possible to give the actuators 12 and 22 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 12 and the actuator 22 in this direction in opposite directions of opening of the switches 111 and 211.

La figure 9 représente une vue en coupe de côté du disjoncteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 1, en position ouverte, obtenue par génération d'un courant d'ouverture dans les bobinages 135 et 136 comme détaillé précédemment.There Figure 9 represents a side sectional view of the induction-controlled vacuum interrupter circuit breaker 1, in the open position, obtained by generating an opening current in the windings 135 and 136 as detailed previously.

Selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention, le bobinage 134 est relié à un condensateur ou ensemble capacitif (non représentés) configurés pour générer un courant de fermeture dans le bobinage 134. Le pic de courant de fermeture parcourt ainsi le bobinage 134 qui génère alors une impulsion électromagnétique qui engendre dans l'induit 123 et dans l'induit 223 des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui du bobinage 134.According to an example embodiment of the invention, the winding 134 is connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the winding 134. The closing current peak thus travels through the winding 134 which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 123 and in the armature 223 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 134.

Des forces magnétiques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage 134 et les induits 123 et 223, selon des directions perpendiculaires respectivement aux surfaces 1232 et 2232 des induits 123 et 223. Ces forces permettent de donner aux actionneurs 12 et 22 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour déplacer l'actionneur 12 et l'actionneur 22 dans cette direction dans des sens opposés de fermeture des interrupteurs 111 et 211.Magnetic forces of repulsion then appear between the winding 134 and the armatures 123 and 223, in directions perpendicular respectively to the surfaces 1232 and 2232 of the armatures 123 and 223. These forces make it possible to give the actuators 12 and 22 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move the actuator 12 and the actuator 22 in this direction in opposite directions of closing of the switches 111 and 211.

La figure 10 représente une vue en coupe de côté d'un exemple de contacteur à ampoule à vide à commande par induction 3 selon l'invention, en position ouverte, comportant un châssis 30 sur lequel est fixée une ampoule à vide 31.There Figure 10 represents a side sectional view of an example of an induction-controlled vacuum bulb contactor 3 according to the invention, in open position, comprising a frame 30 on which a vacuum bulb 31 is fixed.

L'ampoule à vide 31 comporte :

  • une enceinte 310 assurant l'étanchéité au vide,
  • un interrupteur 311 comportant lui-même une électrode fixe 3111 et une électrode mobile 3113. Les électrodes 3111 et 3113 sont alignées selon un axe A. Les électrodes 3111 et 3113 sont logées dans l'enceinte sous vide 310 ;
  • un soufflet 312 autorisant un mouvement de translation de l'électrode mobile 3113 selon l'axe A. Les électrodes 3111 et 3113 sont ainsi susceptibles d'être mises en contact (pour fermer l'interrupteur) ou séparées l'une de l'autre (pour ouvrir l'interrupteur) tout en conservant l'étanchéité au vide de l'enceinte 310.
The vacuum interrupter 31 includes:
  • an enclosure 310 ensuring vacuum tightness,
  • a switch 311 itself comprising a fixed electrode 3111 and a movable electrode 3113. The electrodes 3111 and 3113 are aligned along an axis A. The electrodes 3111 and 3113 are housed in the vacuum enclosure 310;
  • a bellows 312 allowing translational movement of the movable electrode 3113 along the axis A. The electrodes 3111 and 3113 are thus capable of being brought into contact (to close the switch) or separated from one another (to open the switch) while maintaining the vacuum tightness of the enclosure 310.

L'amenée et le départ du courant de ligne se fait par des connexions électriques 3112 et 3114 reliées respectivement aux électrodes 3111 et 3113.The supply and departure of the line current is done by electrical connections 3112 and 3114 connected respectively to the electrodes 3111 and 3113.

Le contacteur 3 comprend un actionneur 32 solidaire de l'électrode mobile 3113. L'actionneur 32 permet d'actionner l'électrode mobile 3113 en ouverture ou en fermeture de l'interrupteur 311 du contacteur 3. L'actionneur 32 est monté coulissant selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. L'actionneur 32 comprend un induit 322.The contactor 3 comprises an actuator 32 secured to the movable electrode 3113. The actuator 32 makes it possible to actuate the movable electrode 3113 by opening or closing the switch 311 of the contactor 3. The actuator 32 is mounted sliding according to the vertical direction parallel to the axis A. The actuator 32 comprises an armature 322.

Le contacteur 3 comprend également :

  • un organe de commande en fermeture. L'organe de commande en fermeture comporte un bobinage 331 ;
  • un autre actionneur 42 monté coulissant selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. L'actionneur 42 comprend un induit 422. Le bobinage 331 est positionné entre l'induit 322 et l'induit 422.
Contactor 3 also includes:
  • a closing control member. The closing control member includes a winding 331;
  • another actuator 42 mounted sliding in the vertical direction parallel to the axis A. The actuator 42 comprises an armature 422. The winding 331 is positioned between the armature 322 and the armature 422.

L'organe de commande en fermeture est configuré pour générer simultanément un courant de fermeture dans l'induit 322 et un courant dans l'induit 422, de façon à séparer les électrodes 3111 et 3113 et de façon à déplacer les actionneurs 32 et 42 dans des sens opposés selon la direction verticale parallèle à l'axe A. Pour minimiser les contraintes sur le châssis créées par les forces de réaction, les deux axes selon lesquels se font les mouvements des actionneurs 32 et 42 sont confondus. L'organe de commande permet ainsi d'une part de réaliser la fermeture du disjoncteur 3 en un temps réduit et de compenser les efforts de réaction de l'induit 322 sur le bobinage 331 par des efforts de réaction de l'induit 422 sur ce bobinage 331, comme détaillé par la suite. Ainsi, des efforts de compression et de même amplitude ne sont appliqués que sur ce bobinage 331, ce qui permet de réduire le dimensionnement de sa fixation au châssis 30. Du fait de la compensation de ces efforts, le bobinage 331 subit moins de déformation et l'entrefer entre ce bobinage 331 et l'induit 322 varie peu sur la durée de vie du contacteur 3. On peut ainsi garantir un temps de fermeture rapide du contacteur 3, même après un grand nombre d'opérations d'ouvertures et de fermetures. Les vibrations générées à la fermeture du contacteur 3 sont également réduites.The closing control member is configured to simultaneously generate a closing current in the armature 322 and a current in the armature 422, so as to separate the electrodes 3111 and 3113 and so as to move the actuators 32 and 42 in opposite directions in the vertical direction parallel to axis A. To minimize the stresses on the chassis created by the reaction forces, the two axes along which the movements of the actuators 32 and 42 take place are combined. The control member thus makes it possible, on the one hand, to close the circuit breaker 3 in a reduced time and to compensate for the reaction forces of the armature 322 on the winding 331 by reaction forces of the armature 422 on this winding 331, as detailed below. Thus, compressive forces of the same amplitude are only applied to this winding 331, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensioning of its attachment to the chassis 30. Due to the compensation of these forces, the winding 331 undergoes less deformation and the air gap between this winding 331 and the armature 322 varies little over the life of the contactor 3. We can thus guarantee a rapid closing time of the contactor 3, even after a large number of opening and closing operations . The vibrations generated when contactor 3 closes are also reduced.

Avantageusement, la masse mobile solidaire de l'actionneur 42 est au moins égale à la moitié de la masse mobile solidaire de l'actionneur 32, de préférence égale à la masse de cet actionneur 32, afin d'obtenir une compensation optimale des efforts de réaction sur le bobinage 331. La masse mobile solidaire d'un actionneur inclut notamment la masse de l'électrode outre celle de l'actionneur lui-même.Advantageously, the mobile mass integral with the actuator 42 is at least equal to half of the mobile mass integral with the actuator 32, preferably equal to the mass of this actuator 32, in order to obtain optimal compensation of the forces of reaction on the winding 331. The mobile mass integral with an actuator includes in particular the mass of the electrode in addition to that of the actuator itself.

L'actionneur 32 comporte ici une tige 321. La tige 321 comporte éventuellement un élément 3210 en matériau diélectrique afin d'éliminer tout risque d'amorçage entre une zone de commande du disjoncteur 3 et l'électrode mobile 3113. La tige 321 comporte également un ou plusieurs prolongements 320, avantageusement en matériau conducteur. Le prolongement 320 se prolonge ici au-delà de l'induit 322. L'induit 322 est solidaire de la tige 3210. L'élément diélectrique 3210 de la tige 321 présente avantageusement une forme tubulaire.The actuator 32 here comprises a rod 321. The rod 321 possibly comprises an element 3210 made of dielectric material in order to eliminate any risk of ignition between a control zone of the circuit breaker 3 and the movable electrode 3113. The rod 321 also comprises one or more extensions 320, advantageously made of conductive material. The extension 320 extends here beyond the armature 322. The armature 322 is integral with the rod 3210. The dielectric element 3210 of the rod 321 advantageously has a tubular shape.

L'induit 322 prend avantageusement la forme d'un plateau situé entre un bobinage planaire 333 et le bobinage (ici également planaire) 331. Le bobinage planaire 333 appartient à un organe de commande d'ouverture du contacteur 3. Le bobinage planaire 333 est la bobine d'ouverture. Le bobinage 333 est donc positionné en vis-à-vis de l'induit 322 de l'actionneur 32, du côté opposé au bobinage 331.The armature 322 advantageously takes the form of a plate located between a planar winding 333 and the winding (here also planar) 331. The planar winding 333 belongs to an opening control member of the contactor 3. The planar winding 333 is the opening coil. The winding 333 is therefore positioned opposite the armature 322 of the actuator 32, on the side opposite the winding 331.

L'induit 322 comporte ici une surface inférieure conductrice 3221 faisant face au bobinage 331 et une surface supérieure conductrice 3222 faisant face au bobinage 333. Les surfaces 3221 et 3222 peuvent être formées monobloc dans un plateau massif ou être rapportées sur un support en forme de plateau et en un matériau différent. Les surfaces 3221 et 3222 sont perpendiculaires à l'axe A. Les surfaces 3221 et 3222 sont avantageusement métalliques. Le matériau de l'induit 322 pourra être sélectionné pour son ratio conductivité / masse volumique élevé ; le matériau de l'induit 322 pourra ainsi avantageusement être de l'aluminium. Avantageusement, les surfaces d'induit 3221 et 3222 (ainsi que le bobinage 331) sont axisymétriques par rapport à l'axe A, pour que des couples de forces se compensent sur les différents éléments de l'induit 322.The armature 322 here comprises a lower conductive surface 3221 facing the winding 331 and an upper conductive surface 3222 facing the winding 333. Surfaces 3221 and 3222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support in the form of a plate and made of a different material. Surfaces 3221 and 3222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 3221 and 3222 are advantageously metallic. The material of the armature 322 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 322 could thus advantageously be aluminum. Advantageously, the armature surfaces 3221 and 3222 (as well as the winding 331) are axisymmetric with respect to the axis A, so that the torques of forces compensate each other on the different elements of the armature 322.

Un bobinage planaire 332 est placé en regard du bobinage 333 symétriquement par rapport au bobinage 331. Les bobinages 331, 332 et 333 sont fixés au châssis 30.A planar winding 332 is placed opposite the winding 333 symmetrically with respect to the winding 331. The windings 331, 332 and 333 are fixed to the frame 30.

L'actionneur 42 comporte également une tige 421, de forme avantageusement tubulaire, de forme identique à la tige 321.The actuator 42 also includes a rod 421, advantageously tubular in shape, identical in shape to the rod 321.

L'induit 422 comporte une surface supérieure conductrice 4221 faisant face au bobinage 331 et une surface inférieure conductrice 4222 faisant face au bobinage 131. Les surfaces 4221 et 4222 peuvent être formées monobloc dans un plateau massif ou être rapportées sur un support. Les surfaces 4221 et 4222 sont perpendiculaires à l'axe A. Les surfaces 4221 et 4222 sont métalliques. Le matériau de l'induit 422 pourra être sélectionné pour son ratio conductivité / masse volumique élevé ; le matériau de l'induit 422 pourra ainsi avantageusement être de l'aluminium. L'induit 422 est solidaire de la tige 4210.The armature 422 comprises an upper conductive surface 4221 facing the winding 331 and a lower conductive surface 4222 facing the winding 131. The surfaces 4221 and 4222 can be formed in one piece in a solid plate or be attached to a support. Surfaces 4221 and 4222 are perpendicular to axis A. Surfaces 4221 and 4222 are metallic. The material of the armature 422 can be selected for its high conductivity/density ratio; the material of the armature 422 could thus advantageously be aluminum. The armature 422 is integral with the rod 4210.

Le prolongement 320 de l'actionneur 32 traverse l'induit 422 et le bobinage 331. Le prolongement 420 de l'actionneur 42 traverse l'induit 322 et le bobinage 331. Cette configuration permet aux actionneurs 32 et 42 de se guider mutuellement en coulissement selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A perpendiculairement aux surfaces 3221, 3222, 4221 et 4222.The extension 320 of the actuator 32 passes through the armature 422 and the winding 331. The extension 420 of the actuator 42 passes through the armature 322 and the winding 331. This configuration allows the actuators 32 and 42 to guide each other in sliding in the direction parallel to axis A perpendicular to surfaces 3221, 3222, 4221 and 4222.

L'induit 322 présente avantageusement une forme de disque. La tige 321 peut présenter plusieurs prolongements 320 s'étendant selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A perpendiculairement à la surface 3222 et à la surface 3221 autour de l'axe A de l'induit 322.The armature 322 advantageously has a disc shape. The rod 321 may have several extensions 320 extending in the direction parallel to the axis A perpendicular to the surface 3222 and to the surface 3221 around the axis A of the armature 322.

L'induit 322 est percé d'orifices dans lesquels les prolongements 420 de la tige 421 de l'actionneur 42 coulissent. Les orifices sont avantageusement au même nombre que les prolongements 420 de la tige 421 et répartis symétriquement autour de l'axe A.The armature 322 is pierced with orifices in which the extensions 420 of the rod 421 of the actuator 42 slide. The orifices are advantageously the same number as the extensions 420 of the rod 421 and distributed symmetrically around the axis A.

Selon un exemple de mode de réalisation de l'invention, le bobinage 331 est relié à un condensateur ou ensemble capacitif (non représentés) configuré pour générer un courant de fermeture dans le bobinage 331. Le pic de courant d'ouverture parcourt ainsi le bobinage 331 qui génère alors une impulsion électromagnétique qui engendre dans l'induit 322 et dans l'induit 422 des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui du bobinage 331. Des forces mécaniques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage alimenté 331 et les induits 322 et 422.According to an example embodiment of the invention, the winding 331 is connected to a capacitor or capacitive assembly (not shown) configured to generate a closing current in the winding 331. The opening current peak thus travels through the winding 331 which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 322 and in the armature 422 induced eddy currents whose electromagnetic field opposes that of the winding 331. Mechanical forces of repulsion then appear between the powered winding 331 and the armatures 322 and 422.

Des forces apparaissent selon des directions respectivement perpendiculaires aux surfaces 3221 et 3222. Ces forces permettent de donner à l'actionneur 32 une accélération suffisante selon la direction parallèle à l'axe A pour le déplacer dans cette direction, dans un sens de fermeture. Selon un fonctionnement similaire, l'actionneur 42 est déplacé simultanément dans un sens opposé à celui de l'actionneur 32.Forces appear in directions respectively perpendicular to the surfaces 3221 and 3222. These forces make it possible to give the actuator 32 sufficient acceleration in the direction parallel to the axis A to move it in this direction, in a closing direction. According to a similar operation, the actuator 42 is moved simultaneously in a direction opposite to that of the actuator 32.

Lorsque les prolongements 320 et 420 sont en matériau conducteur, une force apparaît selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe A. Cette force permet de générer un centrage magnétique de l'actionneur 32 et de l'actionneur 42 vis-à-vis de l'axe A.When the extensions 320 and 420 are made of conductive material, a force appears in a direction perpendicular to the axis A. This force makes it possible to generate magnetic centering of the actuator 32 and the actuator 42 with respect to the axis A.

Lorsque l'interrupteur 311 du contacteur 3 est à l'état fermé (configuration de la figure 11), une commande peut appliquer un courant sur le bobinage 333 (et de façon similaire sur le bobinage 332) pour générer un courant d'ouverture. Le courant d'ouverture parcourt ainsi le bobinage 333 (et de façon similaire le bobinage 332) qui génère alors une impulsion électromagnétique qui engendre dans l'induit 322 (de façon similaire dans l'induit 422) des courants de Foucault induits dont le champ électromagnétique s'oppose à celui du bobinage 333 (et de façon similaire à celui du bobinage 332). Des forces mécaniques de répulsion apparaissent alors entre le bobinage alimenté 333 et l'induit 322 (de façon similaire entre le bobinage alimenté 332 et l'induit 422).When switch 311 of contactor 3 is in the closed state (configuration of the Figure 11 ), a control can apply a current to the winding 333 (and similarly to the winding 332) to generate an opening current. The opening current thus passes through the winding 333 (and similarly the winding 332) which then generates an electromagnetic pulse which generates in the armature 322 (similarly in the armature 422) induced eddy currents whose field electromagnetic is opposed to that of winding 333 (and similarly to that of winding 332). Mechanical repulsive forces then appear between the powered winding 333 and the armature 322 (similarly between the powered winding 332 and the armature 422).

Des variantes du contacteur 3 similaires à celles présentées pour les disjoncteurs 1 peuvent être envisagées : un autre interrupteur actionné par l'actionneur 42.Variants of contactor 3 similar to those presented for circuit breakers 1 can be considered: another switch actuated by actuator 42.

Claims (15)

  1. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control, comprising:
    - a vacuum chamber (110);
    - a first switch (111) having first and second electrodes (1113, 1111) housed in the vacuum chamber and capable of being selectively brought into contact with or separated from each other, the first switch (111) further comprising a first actuator (12) mounted so as to slide in a first orientation (A) and integral with the first electrode (1113), the first actuator comprising a first armature (122);
    characterized in that it further comprises:
    - a second actuator (22) slidably mounted in the first orientation, the second actuator (22) having a second armature (222);
    - a first control-element having at least a first coil (131) positioned between the first armature (122) and the second armature (222) and configured to simultaneously generate a switching current in the first armature and a current in the second armature through said first coil (131), so as to separate or to put into contact the first and second electrodes (1113, 1111) and so as to move the first and second actuators in opposite directions along the first orientation.
  2. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to claim 1, further comprising a second switch (211) having third and fourth electrodes (2113, 2111) housed in a vacuum chamber (210) and capable of being selectively brought into contact with or separated from each other, said second actuator (22) being integral with the third electrode (2113).
  3. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to claim 2, wherein said first and third electrodes (1113, 2113) are electrically connected.
  4. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said switching current in the first coil (131) is an opening current so as to separate the first and second electrodes (1113, 1111).
  5. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to claim 4, further comprising a second control-element having at least one second coil (132) positioned opposite the first armature (122) of the first actuator (12) and a third control-element having at least one third coil (133) positioned opposite the second armature (222) of the second actuator, said second and third control-elements being configured to simultaneously and respectively generate a current in the first armature and a current in the second armature via the second and third coils (132, 133), so as to move the first and second actuators (12, 22) in opposite directions along the first orientation and so as to put into contact the first and second electrodes (1113, 1111).
  6. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second actuators (12, 22) guide each other slidably along the first orientation.
  7. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to claims 5 and 6, wherein:
    - the first actuator (12) has a first arm (1211) integral with the first electrode (1113) and the first armature (122), the first armature (122) comprising at least a first orifice (123), the first coil (131) being positioned between the first armature (122) and the first electrode;
    - the second actuator (22) has a second arm (2211) integral with the third electrode (2113) and the second armature (222), the second armature having at least one second orifice, the first coil (131) being positioned between the second armature and the third electrode, the second arm passing through the first orifice and the first arm passing through the second orifice.
  8. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to claim 7, in which the first armature (122) has several orifices (123) distributed around an axis (A) and the first actuator (12) has several arms integral with the first electrode and the first armature and distributed around said axis and in which the second armature (222) has several orifices distributed around said axis and the second actuator has several arms integral with the second electrode and the second armature and distributed around said axis, the arms of the first actuator passing through the orifices of the second armature and the arms of the second actuator passing through the orifices of the first armature.
  9. A vacuum bulb switch (3) with inductive control according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said switching current in the first coil (331) is a closing current so as to put into contact the first and second electrodes (3113, 3111).
  10. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first armature (122) and the second armature (222) each include a disc-shaped metal plate perpendicular to the first orientation.
  11. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mobile mass integral with the second actuator (22) is at least equal to half the mobile mass integral with the first actuator (12).
  12. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any of the preceding claims, wherein:
    - the first actuator (12) has a third armature (124);
    - the second actuator (22) has a fourth armature (224);
    - said first control-element has at least a fourth coil (135) positioned between the third and fourth armatures, said first control-element being configured to simultaneously generate a current in the third armature (124) and a current in the fourth armature (224) through said fourth coil (135) so as to separate or to put into contact the first and second electrodes and so as to move the first and second actuators (12, 22) in opposite directions along the first orientation.
  13. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first control-element comprises a capacitor configured to discharge into the first coil (131) upon simultaneous generation of currents in the first and second armatures.
  14. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first actuator (12) includes an element of electrically insulating material (1210) separating the first electrode from the first armature (122).
  15. A vacuum bulb switch (1) with inductive control according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first actuator (12) has a metal portion (1211) being encircled by the first coil (131).
EP21727886.0A 2020-05-26 2021-05-25 Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations Active EP4158672B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2005552A FR3111007B1 (en) 2020-05-26 2020-05-26 Vibration-limiting induction-controlled vacuum switch
PCT/EP2021/063925 WO2021239739A1 (en) 2020-05-26 2021-05-25 Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4158672A1 EP4158672A1 (en) 2023-04-05
EP4158672B1 true EP4158672B1 (en) 2024-05-01
EP4158672C0 EP4158672C0 (en) 2024-05-01

Family

ID=72356125

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21727886.0A Active EP4158672B1 (en) 2020-05-26 2021-05-25 Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20230197378A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4158672B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2023527004A (en)
KR (1) KR20230014751A (en)
FR (1) FR3111007B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021239739A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3163929B2 (en) 1995-02-10 2001-05-08 富士電機株式会社 Electromagnetic repulsion drive for vacuum circuit breakers
JP3661804B2 (en) 1995-09-26 2005-06-22 富士電機システムズ株式会社 DC high speed vacuum circuit breaker
WO2008139250A1 (en) * 2007-05-16 2008-11-20 Kulygin, Viktor Ivanovych Combined electrically-controlled actuator
DE102011080065B4 (en) * 2010-10-16 2012-10-31 Msm Krystall Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigte Gesellschafter: Dr. Rainer Schneider, 12165 Berlin; Arno Mecklenburg, 10999 Berlin) Electromagnetic linear actuator
JP6044645B2 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-12-14 株式会社明電舎 Vacuum circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3111007B1 (en) 2022-05-13
EP4158672A1 (en) 2023-04-05
KR20230014751A (en) 2023-01-30
WO2021239739A1 (en) 2021-12-02
JP2023527004A (en) 2023-06-26
FR3111007A1 (en) 2021-12-03
US20230197378A1 (en) 2023-06-22
EP4158672C0 (en) 2024-05-01

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