WO2008139250A1 - Combined electrically-controlled actuator - Google Patents

Combined electrically-controlled actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008139250A1
WO2008139250A1 PCT/IB2007/002979 IB2007002979W WO2008139250A1 WO 2008139250 A1 WO2008139250 A1 WO 2008139250A1 IB 2007002979 W IB2007002979 W IB 2007002979W WO 2008139250 A1 WO2008139250 A1 WO 2008139250A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuator
armature
ferromagnetic
current
coil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/002979
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Volodymyr Anatoliyovych Korogodskyj
Igor Olegovych Kyrylyuk
Sergiy Georgiyovych Lomov
Original Assignee
Kulygin, Viktor Ivanovych
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kulygin, Viktor Ivanovych filed Critical Kulygin, Viktor Ivanovych
Publication of WO2008139250A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008139250A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/12—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems
    • H02K33/14—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems wherein the alternate energisation and de-energisation of the two coil systems are effected or controlled by movement of the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/10—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current
    • H01F7/12—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current having anti-chattering arrangements
    • H01F7/1205—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current having anti-chattering arrangements having short-circuited conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/123—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by ancillary coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more particularly to electrically-controlled actuators.
  • the principle of operation of an electromagnetic actuator is based on the tendency of a magnetic field generated by the current that flows through the electromagnet winding to minimum volume (the law of maximum energy in the electromagnet volume).
  • a movable ferromagnetic armature of electromagnet tends to move to a such position in which the field force centerline of the magnetic field in the magnetic core of the electromagnet will be as short as possible for a given construction.
  • the fundamental disadvantages of the electromagnetic actuator that limit its speed of operation include: a high inductance of the electromagnet, a long time for change in the magnetic field of the magnetic core, a magnetic core saturation effect and a great decrease of the magnitude in the initial pulling power due to the influence of an initial air gap.
  • the pulling power of the electromagnet increases slowly upon switching on and decreases slowly upon switching off.
  • the principle of operation of an electrodynamic actuator is based on the utilization of the power interaction effect of a current-carrying conductor (loop) and an external magnetic field (described by Ampere's law).
  • a current pulse is passed through coil, there is produced a magnetic flux which interacts with the current-conducting material of the armature and induces an electromotive force therein.
  • an eddy electric current occurs in the armature.
  • the armature current interacts with the magnetic field of the coil producing a mechanical repulsive force pulse that repels the armature off the coil.
  • the disadvantages of the electrodynamic actuators include a short time of force action, large control currents, and a relatively low efficiency.
  • German patent No. 2306007 discloses an electromagnetic actuator of the nozzle valve to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
  • a coil of the electromagnetic actuator comprises three windings, each of which is controlled by three separate electric circuits.
  • the first electric circuit is used to open quickly the fuel-injection nozzle valve
  • the second electric circuit is designed to hold the fuel-injection nozzle valve in its opened position
  • the third electric circuit serves to create a counter magnetic field, that contributes to the disappearance of a residual magnetic field, to accelerate the process of closing the nozzle valve.
  • the disadvantages of the electromagnetic actuator of the nozzle valve disclosed in the above-mentioned patent are caused by the electromagnet properties described above and include a slow opening of the valve, a poor accuracy of short temporary intervals, the impossibility of fast performance of a repeated valve motion, and an exclusively labor-intensive manufacture of the system with three electric circuits that control the three coil windings.
  • Russian Federation Patent No. 2096610 discloses a combined electrically- controlled actuator of a striking mechanism, wherein electric power is converted into the linear motion of a movable part of the electrically-controlled actuator, the electrically-controlled actuator comprises: a coil and a striking armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current- conducting portion which interacts with a spring and the coil upon its connection to an electric power supply at that the combined electrically-controlled actuator having an electromagnetic and an electrodynamic portion.
  • the configuration of the striking armature of two portions - the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion and the ferromagnetic portion - makes it possible to produce, at the initial moment of a pulse current flow, the largest impulse force occurring when eddy currents induced in the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the striking armature and the magnetic field of the coil (electrodynamic force) interact with each other. Simultaneously, there also acts an electromagnetic force in the ferromagnetic current- conducting portion of the striking armature because the latter is retracted into the coil to minimum volume as a result of the tendency of a magnetic field created by current flowing through the electromagnet winding .
  • the electromagnetic force is significantly smaller than the maximum electrodynamic force pulse, but since the electromagnetic force acts throughout the motion of the striking armature and the electromagnetic force vector and the electrodynamic force vector coincide, such a construction allows, as a whole, the device efficiency to be improved and the striking armature motion velocity to be increased.
  • the non-ferromagnetic current- conducting portion of the striking armature leaves the coil volume (once the striking armature has traveled a half free travel), the electrodynamic force ceases acting and the striking armature continues to move only under the action of the electromagnetic and inertia forces.
  • the disadvantages of the electrically-controlled actuator described above are caused by the usage of the one common coil encompassed by a ferromagnetic magnetic core for both electromagnetic and electrodynamic portion of the electrically-controlled actuator.
  • the coil of the combined electrically-controlled actuator requires a large current pulse.
  • Such a current induces the respective eddy currents in the magnetic core which results in its elevated heating.
  • a high inductance of such electrically-controlled actuator due to the existence of the ferromagnetic magnetic core results in low rates of increase in the control current and, accordingly, in decrease in the impulse force of the electrodynamic actuator which does not allow the repeated actuation of the actuator to be performed quickly.
  • the magnetic core saturation effect occurs.
  • the force of the electromagnetic portion of such electrically-controlled actuator does not substantially increase and power losses and magnetic core heating continue to increase which results in a drastic reduction in the actuator efficiency.
  • the power, the speed of operation achieved and the actuation frequency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator with the common coil are, thus, limited by the properties of the common ferromagnetic magnetic core of the combined actuator.
  • the electrically-controlled actuator comprising: at least two coils and at least one armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion and interacts with the coils upon connection of the latter to an electric power supply, at least one of them is a switch-mode power supply; at that an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the other coil and at least one of the coils is connected to the switch-mode power supply, at that the coil housed in the ferromagnetic housing and the ferromagnetic portion of the
  • the electromagnetic portion of a disk-type actuator (the electromagnet coil interacts with a flat ferromagnetic portion of the armature installed at the end surface of the armature) and the electrodynamic portion of a sleeve-type actuator (the coil of the electrodynamic actuator interacts with the lateral current-conducting surface of the armature) are used in the prior art actuator.
  • a disadvantage of the design described above is caused by the simultaneous employment of the electromagnetic portion of a disk-type actuator (with a flat working surface) and the electrodynamic portion of a sleeve-type actuator (with a cylindrical working surface).
  • Such configuration of the above described does not allow to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all of the motion stages of the movable part of the actuator and leads to reduction in the power capability and speed of operation of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator.
  • the disadvantages of the described above device are explained as follows:
  • the peculiarity of the operation of the electromagnetic and electrodynamic disk actuators is a great mechanical force under small air gaps and a fast decrease in force as the air gap increases. Since, during the working stroke of the armature, the air gap of the electromagnetic portion of the actuator decreases and the air gap of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator increases, accordingly, the force of the electromagnetic actuator also increases rapidly, while the force of the electrodynamic actuator decreases rapidly during the working stroke of the armature.
  • the electromagnetic and electrodynamic disk-type actuators ensure a relatively high mechanical force and the maximum speed of operation in the event of small travels of the armature.
  • the electromagnetic and electrodynamic sleeve-type actuators ensure a relatively low but substantially constant mechanical force in the event of long travels of the armature.
  • the electromagnetic portion of a disk-type actuator and the electrodynamic portion of a sleeve-type actuator in the device disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1808095, in the event of long working travels of the armature, only the electrodynamic portion of the actuator operates at the acceleration area.
  • the electromagnetic portion of the actuator operates only at the final area of armature's travel and on holding the valve in the open position. The speed of operation of such actuator is conditioned on the relatively small mechanical force only of the electrodynamic portion of the sleeve-type actuator.
  • both electrodynamic and electromagnetic portions of the actuator operate at the acceleration area but the speed of operation of such actuator is limited by a relatively small mechanical force of the electrodynamic portion of the sleeve-type actuator.
  • the diameter of the electrodynamic portion of the prior art device is predetermined by the diameter of the electromagnetic portion and is not optimum in terms of the highest efficiency of the electrodynamic portion that results in elevated heating and, accordingly, in reduction of the power capability and speed of operation of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator.
  • the discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor which does not provide the maximum efficiency of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator is used in the above-mentioned device.
  • Such discharge mode requires the use, as a switch-mode power supply of capacitors, of metallized-paper capacitors, metal-film capacitors and capacitors of other types intended for operation in switch modes with the full discharge of energy accumulated in the capacitor.
  • Such capacitors possess fundamental disadvantages. In the discharge oscillation mode with a short-term current pulse, which is required for the effective operation of the electrodynamic actuator, the service life of such capacitors is short. Thus, for most types of capacitors that operate in the discharge oscillation mode, their service life does not exceed 10 8 charging-discharging cycles. A low specific energy capacity is another disadvantage of such capacitors. Thus, the today's commercially available capacitors of the above- listed types have a specific energy capacity of not more than 50 J/dm 3 .
  • the object of the invention is to create a combined electrically-controlled actuator that, due to an effective combination of properties of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of the actuator, which combination is achieved if using separate coils for the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator and arranging the working surfaces of a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature substantially along each other which is achieved, for example, by employing single-type portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator (disk, sleeve, cone-shaped or other ones) that will allow to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas and this, in turn, would allow to ensure a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be achieved.
  • the present invention provides a combined electrically-controlled actuator, wherein electric power is converted into the linear motion of a movable part of the electrically-controlled actuator, that comprises at least two coils and at least one armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion and interacts with the coils upon connection of the latter to an electric power supply, at least one of them is a switch-mode electric power supply; an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the other coil and at least one of the coils is connected to a switch-mode electric power supply; and the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and of the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are arranged along each other.
  • such configuration of the combined electrically-controlled actuator is advantageous in which the difference of angles between the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and of the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the actuator and the actuator armature travel axis is not more than 45°.
  • such configuration of the combined electrically-controlled actuator means the arrangement of the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non- ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature substantially along each other.
  • the employment in the construction of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the present invention of at least two coils, one of which is a structural component of that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electromagnetic actuator, and the other coil is a structural component of that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electrodynamic actuator, makes it possible to ensure optimum electric and magnetic characteristics of these portions and, therefore, to increase the power, the attainable speed of operation and actuation frequency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator, which are limited by properties of the common magnetic core of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in the event of employing one common coil.
  • the arrangement of the armature so that an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere or influence of the other coil makes it possible to ensure optimum electric and magnetic characteristics of these portions, the like directivity of mechanical force pulses, and both stable and effective operation of the combined electrically-controlled actuator within the entire range of its working travels.
  • the armature of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the present invention is provided in a composite form and comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion, each of which interacts with the respective coil.
  • Such configuration of the armature of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the invention makes it possible to combine optimum electric and magnetic characteristics of the portion therein, which operates in accordance with the operation principle of an electromagnetic actuator, and of the portion, which operates in accordance with the operation principle of an electrodynamic actuator, as well as to ensure a necessary mechanical strength of the armature at its minimal weight, that in turn, ensures a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency of the combined electrically- controlled actuator.
  • a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting material is used to make that portion of the armature, which is a structural component of that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the operation principle of an electrodynamic actuator.
  • Such configuration excludes the possibility of occurrence of a mechanical force pulse opposite in direction to the force pulse produced by interaction between the current in the current-conducting portion of the armature and the magnetic field of the alive coil , this, in turn, makes it possible to ensure a high efficiency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator as a whole and, therefore, would allow to ensure a necessary speed of operation, actuation frequency of the device and a necessary operation accuracy of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
  • the conversion of electric power into the linear motion of the movable part of the actuator occurs during the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. This makes it also possible to ensure a necessary mechanical strength of the armature at its minimum weight and simplifies the manufacture of the actuator this, in turn, would allow the effectiveness of use of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be improved significantly.
  • the configuration of the actuator is preferred in which the external working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are parallel to each other and are made flat.
  • said working surfaces of the armature are oriented perpendicularly to the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator, i.e., in this case, single-type structural components of the armature are used.
  • the actuator is a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator. Such configuration would make it possible to ensure the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. Moreover, such actuator ensures the largest mechanical force having minimum sizes and is the simplest to manufacture.
  • the configuration of the actuator is also preferred in which the external working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are coaxial to each other and are made cylindrical.
  • said working surfaces of the armature are oriented along the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator, i.e., in this case, the single-type structural components of the current- conducting armature are used.
  • the actuator is a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator.
  • Such configuration would make it possible to ensure the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas.
  • such actuator may ensure a variable motion of the movable part of the actuator and it is notable for the minimum diameter and is simple enough to manufacture.
  • the configuration of the actuator is also preferred in which the external working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are coaxial to each other and are made cone-shaped.
  • the rotation axes of said working surfaces of the armature are oriented along the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator, i.e., in this case, single-type structural components of the current-conducting armature are used.
  • the actuator is a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator. Such configuration would make it possible to ensure the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas.
  • the armature of such actuator is characterized by the largest strength and hardness at the minimum weight, by a smaller flow resistance in comparison with the disk armature, and it has a marked effect of automatic centering and it may ensure the maximum speed of operation of the actuator.
  • a composite armature is used as the movable part of the actuator.
  • Such structural configuration of the electrodynamic actuator allows it to be used in various arts and devices of different purpose.
  • the coils may be made both connectable simultaneously to switch-mode electric power supplies and connectable independently to switch-mode electric power supplies; at that, the coil, in the sphere of influence whereof the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature is disposed, is made connectable to a switch-mode of electric power supply after a predetermined period of time after the connection of the coil, in the area of influence whereof the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed, to the electric power supply.
  • Such configuration of the combined electrically-controlled actuator makes it possible, where required, to ensure the compensation of a relatively slow force increase in that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electromagnetic actuator, as well as to ensure a flexible control of the combined electrically-controlled actuator against the distance that was traveled by the armature during its travel.
  • an electric power supply for the coil in the sphere of influence whereof the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed, there can be used a DC power supply that is connected to the coil winding by means of a transistor.
  • a switch-mode electric power supply for the coils there can be used of an electrolytic- type capacitor that is connected to the coil winding by means of a transistor.
  • a switch-mode power supply is made with the possibility of ensuring a partial discharge of a capacitor in an aperiodic discharge mode. This makes it possible to ensure the maximum current increase rate in the coils of the actuator and, therefore, the maximum rate of increase in the mechanical force of the actuator enabling thereby the speed of operation thereof to be increased.
  • both a high efficiency and a high mechanical force developed by this portion of the actuator may be achieved. This is made in the following way.
  • the coil of the combined actuator disconnects consecutively for several times and connects to the capacitor for a short period of time.
  • the combined actuator produces several force pulses of a high efficiency of every pulse; the necessary general force pulse is provided by the addition of the several consecutive force pulses.
  • Such a control of the actuator power is physically embodied through the pulse-duration modulation process that proceeds here.
  • aperiodic discharge of an electrolytic capacitor there can be achieved a more advantageous mode of operation of the actuator than in the discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor regardless of parameters of the coils and armature of the combined actuator.
  • the aperiodic discharge mode of the capacitor it becomes possible to use power-consuming electrolytic capacitors, for which shallow cycling mode corresponds to their usual operating mode as a filter in power supply units.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible (bidirectional) combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a reversible (bidirectional) combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention, the electrodynamic portion whereof comprises only one coil;
  • Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 7 is the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 8 is the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention comprising a coil 1 housed in a ferromagnetic housing 2, a coil 3, a movable part that is a current-conducting armature comprising a ferromagnetic portion 4, a current- conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5, and a rod 6; a spring 7 is located in the cavity of the ferromagnetic housing 2 .
  • the spring 7 is precompressed and abuts by one end face against a spring stop 8 and by the other end face against the movable part of the actuator.
  • the ferromagnetic housing 2 with the coil 1 inside, the coil 3, the spring stop 8 and stroke limiters 9 and 10 are fixed motionlessly, while the ferromagnetic portion 4, the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 and the rod 6 are connected to each other and being movable for a distance of ⁇ l between the stroke limiters 9 and 10.
  • the coil I 5 the ferromagnetic housing 2 and the ferromagnetic portion 4 form an electromagnetic portion of the combined electrically- controlled actuator.
  • the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 and the coil 3 form an electrodynamic portion of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
  • the movable part of the actuator is pressed by the precompressed spring 7 to the stroke limiter 10 and is located in the position shown in Fig. 1. In this position, air gaps ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 remain between the surfaces of the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 and the movable part which air gaps are required to prevent the electric insulation of the coil 3 from being damaged when the actuator operates.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention.
  • the reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention.
  • this construction comprises a second coil 11 of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator, its respective current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 12 of the armature, a ferromagnetic portion 13 of the armature, a coil 14 housed in a housing 15 of a second electromagnetic portion of the actuator.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a reversible combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention, the electrodynamic portion whereof comprises only one coil 3.
  • the other reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1 and Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator.
  • the other reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1 and Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator.
  • the working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is at an angle 16 with an axis 17 of armature travel and the working surface of the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is located at an angle 18 with the armature travel axis.
  • the other reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1.
  • Figure 7 shows the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled disk-type actuator.
  • Vector F 3 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electromagnetic portion;
  • vector F 4 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electrodynamic portion;
  • vector Fi shows the direction of the overall mechanical force that occurs in the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
  • Figure 8 shows the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator.
  • Vector F 3 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electromagnetic portion;
  • vector F 4 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electrodynamic portion;
  • vector Fi shows the direction of the overall mechanical force that occurs in the combined electrically- controlled actuator.
  • Figure 9 shows the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator.
  • Vector F 3 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electromagnetic portion;
  • vector F 4 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electrodynamic portion;
  • vector F 1 shows the direction of the overall mechanical force that occurs in the combined electrically- controlled actuator.
  • the combined electrically-controlled actuator in one of the embodiments thereof shown in Figure 1 operates in the following way:
  • Voltage pulses from external switch-mode power supplies are applied to the windings of the coils 1 and 3.
  • a voltage pulse is applied to the coil 1 winding slightly earlier than to the coil 3 winding in order to compensate a relatively slow force rise in the electromagnetic portion of the actuator and to achieve the largest overall force of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
  • the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator overcomes the spring force and moves; at the same time, the size of the air gap ⁇ l is shortened.
  • the movable part At the end of working stroke, the movable part abuts against the stroke limiter 9 and an air gap ⁇ 4 remains between the surface of the ferromagnetic disk 4 and that of the ferromagnetic housing 2 to prevent a sticking effect.
  • the mechanical force produced by the electromagnetic portion of the actuator begins to decrease and, when this force becomes smaller than the spring force of the spring 7, the movable part of the actuator moves toward its initial position under the action of the spring force of the spring 7.
  • the actuator operation cycle is completed.
  • the reversible combined electrically-controlled actuator in one of the embodiments thereof shown in Figure 3 operates in the following way:
  • Voltage pulses from external switch-mode power supplies are applied to the windings of the coils 1 and 3.
  • a voltage pulse is applied to the coil 1 winding a little bit earlier than to the coil 3 winding in order to compensate a relatively slow force rise in the electromagnetic portion of the actuator and to achieve the largest overall force of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
  • the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator overcomes the spring force and moves; at the same time, the size of the air gap ⁇ l is shortened.
  • the movable part At the end of working stroke, the movable part abuts against the stroke limiter 9 and an air gap ⁇ 4 remains between the surface of the ferromagnetic disk 4 and that of the ferromagnetic housing 2 to prevent a sticking effect, and the direct stroke is completed.
  • the movable part will remain in this position until voltage is terminated to be applied to the coil 1 winding. Voltage is then terminated to be applied to the coil 1 winding and voltage pulses are applied to the windings of the coils 11 and 14.
  • the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator overcomes the inertial force and moves toward its initial position. When the movable part reaches the stroke limiter 10, the actuator operation cycle is completed.
  • the reversible combined electrically-controlled actuator in one of the embodiments thereof shown in Figure 4 operates in a similar manner to that of the preceding embodiment of the actuator; however, voltage pulses in the electrodynamic portion of the actuator are applied to the winding of the coil 3 that operates during both forward and reverse strokes of the movable part.
  • both portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator produce mechanical forces acting in the same direction though the contribution of these forces to the motion of the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator at different phases is different.
  • the motion of the movable part is conducled mostly under the action of a mechanical force pulse produced by the portion of the actuator that operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electrodynamic actuator.
  • This short and rapidly rising mechanical force pulse creates a significant acceleration of the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
  • the mechanical force is insignificant and rises slowly.
  • a force produced by the electrodynamic portion of the actuator decreases and, upon termination of the action of the short force pulse, terminates.
  • the current in the coil 1 winding reaches its maximum value and, as the air gap ⁇ l is shortened, the mechanical force pulse produced by the electromagnetic portion of the actuator begins to play the leading role in moving of the movable part of the actuator.
  • the mechanical force pulse produced by the electromagnetic portion is used to hold the movable part in its elevated position.
  • the mechanical force produced by the electromagnetic portion of the actuator begins to decrease and, in the time when this force becomes equal to the spring force of the spring 7, the movable part of the actuator begins to move toward its initial position under the action of the spring force of the spring 7.
  • the time required for the transition of the movable part to its initial position depends on the weigh of movable part and the precompression force and hardness of the spring 7.
  • the conversion of electric power into the linear motion of the movable part of the actuator is made by applying current pulses from switch-mode electric power supplies to the stationary coils 1 and 3.
  • Energy to be converted into a mechanical force pulse is previously accumulated using capacitors.
  • a switching device as the switching device, transistors are used
  • the capacitors discharge through the coils 1 and 3.
  • the electric power accumulated in the capacitors is converted into the electromagnetic power of the windings of the coils 1 and 3.
  • a portion of such accumulated power is consumed to heat the conductors of the coils 1 and 3, as well as is consumed for heat losses due to eddy currents produced in actuator parts, etc.
  • a portion of a residual electromagnetic power produces a flux pulse that is circuited in the magnetic core of the electromagnetic portion of the combined electrically-controlled actuator, and the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is attracted to the housing of the coil 1 and, therefore, a desired influence is exerted on the object to be moved .
  • the other portion of electromagnetic power produces an electromagnetic field around the coil 3 winding and, in such a way, the electromagnetic power is transferred in part inductively to the non-ferromagnetic portion 5 of the actuator armature.
  • a electromagnetic flux entering the non- ferromagnetic portion 5 of the armature induces an eddy current therein, which current interacting with the magnetic flux that has entered the non-ferromagnetic portion 5 of the armature produces a mechanical force pulse.
  • the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 is repelled off the coil 3 and, therefore, a desired influence on the object to be moved is exerted.
  • the portions 4, 5 and the rod 6 are connected to each other and, as a result, the mechanical force pulses produced therein are added to each other.
  • the claimed invention is a combined electrically-controlled actuator that, due to an effective combination of properties of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator, which combination is achieved in using separate coils for the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator and arranging the working surfaces of a ferromagnetic portion and a non- ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature substantially along each other which is acheived, for example, by employing single-type portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator (disk, sleeve, cone-shaped or other ones) that will allow to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas and this, in turn, would allow a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be achieved.
  • the combined electrically-controlled actuator disk, sleeve, cone-shaped or other ones

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Abstract

The invention claimed is a combined electrically-controlled actuator, wherein electric power is converted into linear motion of a movable part of the actuator, which comprises at least two coils (1, 3) and at least one armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion (4) and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion (5) and interacts with the coils upon connection of the latter to an electric power supply, at least one whereof is a switch-mode electric power supply; an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion (4) of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of one coil (1) and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion (5) of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the other coil (3) and at least one of the coils is connected to the switch-mode electric power supply, the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and of the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature being arranged along each other.

Description

COMBINED ELECTRICALLY-CONTROLLED ACTUATOR
The present invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more particularly to electrically-controlled actuators.
There exists a number of devices, the functioning of which requires electrically-controlled actuators that allow predetermined travels during very short and precisely specified time intervals. So, for example, in liquid or gas sampling devices, in case of studying fast-changing processes, there should be taken a sample during a precisely specified time interval; the speed and accuracy of actuator operation are critical for metering accuracy in liquid or gas metering system. Electromagnetic actuators, electric actuators and combined actuators of various designs are conventionally employed in these devices.
The principle of operation of an electromagnetic actuator is based on the tendency of a magnetic field generated by the current that flows through the electromagnet winding to minimum volume (the law of maximum energy in the electromagnet volume). As a result, a movable ferromagnetic armature of electromagnet tends to move to a such position in which the field force centerline of the magnetic field in the magnetic core of the electromagnet will be as short as possible for a given construction. The fundamental disadvantages of the electromagnetic actuator that limit its speed of operation include: a high inductance of the electromagnet, a long time for change in the magnetic field of the magnetic core, a magnetic core saturation effect and a great decrease of the magnitude in the initial pulling power due to the influence of an initial air gap. Therefore, the pulling power of the electromagnet increases slowly upon switching on and decreases slowly upon switching off. In order to increase the pulling power of the electromagnet because of magnetic core saturation effect it is necessary to increase proportionally the weight of the movable part of the magnetic core; it means that the specific (related to the weight of the movable part) magnitude of pulling power of the electromagnet is limited. To compensate decrease in the initial pull, it is, thus, necessary to increase additionally the size of the electromagnet including that of its movable portion. Thus, there exists a speed limit of operation of devices that comprise a given actuator which limits the sphere of its application.
The principle of operation of an electrodynamic actuator is based on the utilization of the power interaction effect of a current-carrying conductor (loop) and an external magnetic field (described by Ampere's law). When a current pulse is passed through coil, there is produced a magnetic flux which interacts with the current-conducting material of the armature and induces an electromotive force therein. Under the action of the electromotive force, an eddy electric current occurs in the armature. The armature current interacts with the magnetic field of the coil producing a mechanical repulsive force pulse that repels the armature off the coil. The disadvantages of the electrodynamic actuators include a short time of force action, large control currents, and a relatively low efficiency. In order to ensure a long lasting force action it is necessary to apply a series of current pulses, and at the same time large currents should be used to compensate the influence of the end air gap. Such large control currents and low efficiency result in heating of the actuator. The removal of a sizeable amount of heat from an electrodynamic actuator is a complicated engineering problem. The power and, accordingly, the speed of operation achieved, as well as actuation frequency of the existing electrodynamic actuators are limited by their permissible heating and cooling abilities.
Known in the art are constructions that combine several electromagnetic or electrodynamic actuators, as well as constructions that represent actuators having an electromagnet and an electrodynamic portion. In these constructions, through combining the properties of several various actuators, one strives to increase the pulling power, to speed up armature movement, to improve the efficiency of utilizing electric power, and to decrease an undesired heating of the actuator, to ensure additional abilities that are unattainable by usage of only electromagnetic or electrodynamic actuator (for example, a fast reduction in the pulling power upon switching off the actuator, a fast acceleration of the armature specific to an electrodynamic actuator, and holding the armature with a great force at the end of its travel that is inherent to an electromagnetic actuator).
German patent No. 2306007 discloses an electromagnetic actuator of the nozzle valve to inject fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. A coil of the electromagnetic actuator comprises three windings, each of which is controlled by three separate electric circuits. At that the first electric circuit is used to open quickly the fuel-injection nozzle valve, the second electric circuit is designed to hold the fuel-injection nozzle valve in its opened position and the third electric circuit serves to create a counter magnetic field, that contributes to the disappearance of a residual magnetic field, to accelerate the process of closing the nozzle valve.
The disadvantages of the electromagnetic actuator of the nozzle valve disclosed in the above-mentioned patent are caused by the electromagnet properties described above and include a slow opening of the valve, a poor accuracy of short temporary intervals, the impossibility of fast performance of a repeated valve motion, and an exclusively labor-intensive manufacture of the system with three electric circuits that control the three coil windings.
Russian Federation Patent No. 2096610 discloses a combined electrically- controlled actuator of a striking mechanism, wherein electric power is converted into the linear motion of a movable part of the electrically-controlled actuator, the electrically-controlled actuator comprises: a coil and a striking armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current- conducting portion which interacts with a spring and the coil upon its connection to an electric power supply at that the combined electrically-controlled actuator having an electromagnetic and an electrodynamic portion. The configuration of the striking armature of two portions - the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion and the ferromagnetic portion - makes it possible to produce, at the initial moment of a pulse current flow, the largest impulse force occurring when eddy currents induced in the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the striking armature and the magnetic field of the coil (electrodynamic force) interact with each other. Simultaneously, there also acts an electromagnetic force in the ferromagnetic current- conducting portion of the striking armature because the latter is retracted into the coil to minimum volume as a result of the tendency of a magnetic field created by current flowing through the electromagnet winding . The electromagnetic force is significantly smaller than the maximum electrodynamic force pulse, but since the electromagnetic force acts throughout the motion of the striking armature and the electromagnetic force vector and the electrodynamic force vector coincide, such a construction allows, as a whole, the device efficiency to be improved and the striking armature motion velocity to be increased. When the non-ferromagnetic current- conducting portion of the striking armature leaves the coil volume (once the striking armature has traveled a half free travel), the electrodynamic force ceases acting and the striking armature continues to move only under the action of the electromagnetic and inertia forces.
The disadvantages of the electrically-controlled actuator described above are caused by the usage of the one common coil encompassed by a ferromagnetic magnetic core for both electromagnetic and electrodynamic portion of the electrically- controlled actuator. To ensure a great force of the electrodynamic portion of the electrically-controlled actuator, the coil of the combined electrically-controlled actuator requires a large current pulse. Such a current induces the respective eddy currents in the magnetic core which results in its elevated heating. A high inductance of such electrically-controlled actuator due to the existence of the ferromagnetic magnetic core results in low rates of increase in the control current and, accordingly, in decrease in the impulse force of the electrodynamic actuator which does not allow the repeated actuation of the actuator to be performed quickly. Upon exceeding a certain value of current pulse, the magnetic core saturation effect occurs. In this event, the force of the electromagnetic portion of such electrically-controlled actuator does not substantially increase and power losses and magnetic core heating continue to increase which results in a drastic reduction in the actuator efficiency. The power, the speed of operation achieved and the actuation frequency of the combined electrically- controlled actuator with the common coil are, thus, limited by the properties of the common ferromagnetic magnetic core of the combined actuator.
The most similar to the electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the present invention is the electrically-controlled actuator disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1808095, wherein electric power is converted into the linear motion of a movable part of the electrically-controlled actuator, the electrically-controlled actuator comprising: at least two coils and at least one armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion and interacts with the coils upon connection of the latter to an electric power supply, at least one of them is a switch-mode power supply; at that an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the other coil and at least one of the coils is connected to the switch-mode power supply, at that the coil housed in the ferromagnetic housing and the ferromagnetic portion of the armature are forming together an electromagnetic portion of the actuator and the other coil and the non- ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are forming together an electrodynamic portion of the actuator. The electromagnetic portion of a disk-type actuator (the electromagnet coil interacts with a flat ferromagnetic portion of the armature installed at the end surface of the armature) and the electrodynamic portion of a sleeve-type actuator (the coil of the electrodynamic actuator interacts with the lateral current-conducting surface of the armature) are used in the prior art actuator.
A disadvantage of the design described above is caused by the simultaneous employment of the electromagnetic portion of a disk-type actuator (with a flat working surface) and the electrodynamic portion of a sleeve-type actuator (with a cylindrical working surface). Such configuration of the above described does not allow to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all of the motion stages of the movable part of the actuator and leads to reduction in the power capability and speed of operation of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator.
The disadvantages of the described above device are explained as follows: The peculiarity of the operation of the electromagnetic and electrodynamic disk actuators is a great mechanical force under small air gaps and a fast decrease in force as the air gap increases. Since, during the working stroke of the armature, the air gap of the electromagnetic portion of the actuator decreases and the air gap of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator increases, accordingly, the force of the electromagnetic actuator also increases rapidly, while the force of the electrodynamic actuator decreases rapidly during the working stroke of the armature. The electromagnetic and electrodynamic disk-type actuators ensure a relatively high mechanical force and the maximum speed of operation in the event of small travels of the armature. The electromagnetic and electrodynamic sleeve-type actuators ensure a relatively low but substantially constant mechanical force in the event of long travels of the armature. As a result of simultaneous employment of the electromagnetic portion of a disk-type actuator and the electrodynamic portion of a sleeve-type actuator, in the device disclosed in USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 1808095, in the event of long working travels of the armature, only the electrodynamic portion of the actuator operates at the acceleration area. The electromagnetic portion of the actuator operates only at the final area of armature's travel and on holding the valve in the open position. The speed of operation of such actuator is conditioned on the relatively small mechanical force only of the electrodynamic portion of the sleeve-type actuator. In the event of small working strokes of the armature, both electrodynamic and electromagnetic portions of the actuator operate at the acceleration area but the speed of operation of such actuator is limited by a relatively small mechanical force of the electrodynamic portion of the sleeve-type actuator. The diameter of the electrodynamic portion of the prior art device is predetermined by the diameter of the electromagnetic portion and is not optimum in terms of the highest efficiency of the electrodynamic portion that results in elevated heating and, accordingly, in reduction of the power capability and speed of operation of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator. The discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor which does not provide the maximum efficiency of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator is used in the above-mentioned device. On the discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor and on switching by means of a thyristor, a current that passes through the coil is a one half- wave of the discharge current pulse of the capacitor, because the thyristor cuts off when the current in the coil goes through zero. This is a disadvantageous - from the perspective of power consumption - discharge mode, because the capacitor has been recharged up to an opposite sign voltage by the moment when the current pulse is switched off. This voltage is lower than the initial voltage but, due to the potential sign change, the capacitor should be partially recharged by the beginning of the next operational cycle of the electrodynamic actuator. Additional currents flowing in the charger reduce, thus, the efficiency of the electrodynamic actuator as a whole. Moreover, an increase in the capacitor peak-to-peak voltage up to a value higher than the required capacitor charge voltage reduces the service life of the capacitor. These disadvantages of the discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor when one half- wave of current pulse is used are widely known. In electrodynamic actuators used in practice, however, the utilization of the discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor is conditioned upon the switching equipment used. As the switching equipment, thyristors are now mostly used. Modern switching equipment has limitations of the rate of current rise. Exceeding this rate of discharge current rise requires an increase in the switching equipment power or otherwise results in a thermal breakdown of the switching device. In addition, the force developed by an electrodynamic actuator is mostly controlled by controlling the capacitor charge voltage that is technologically difficult. The employment of said discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor for electrodynamic actuators in devices that should ensure predetermined travels during very short and precisely specified time intervals does not allow the necessary speed of operation and operation frequency of the electrodynamic actuator to be provided.
In addition, such discharge mode requires the use, as a switch-mode power supply of capacitors, of metallized-paper capacitors, metal-film capacitors and capacitors of other types intended for operation in switch modes with the full discharge of energy accumulated in the capacitor. Such capacitors possess fundamental disadvantages. In the discharge oscillation mode with a short-term current pulse, which is required for the effective operation of the electrodynamic actuator, the service life of such capacitors is short. Thus, for most types of capacitors that operate in the discharge oscillation mode, their service life does not exceed 108 charging-discharging cycles. A low specific energy capacity is another disadvantage of such capacitors. Thus, the today's commercially available capacitors of the above- listed types have a specific energy capacity of not more than 50 J/dm3.
The object of the invention is to create a combined electrically-controlled actuator that, due to an effective combination of properties of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of the actuator, which combination is achieved if using separate coils for the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator and arranging the working surfaces of a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature substantially along each other which is achieved, for example, by employing single-type portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator (disk, sleeve, cone-shaped or other ones) that will allow to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas and this, in turn, would allow to ensure a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be achieved.
The object of the invention is achieved by that the present invention provides a combined electrically-controlled actuator, wherein electric power is converted into the linear motion of a movable part of the electrically-controlled actuator, that comprises at least two coils and at least one armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion and interacts with the coils upon connection of the latter to an electric power supply, at least one of them is a switch-mode electric power supply; an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the other coil and at least one of the coils is connected to a switch-mode electric power supply; and the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and of the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are arranged along each other.
It was found experimentally that, to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the combined electrically- controlled actuator, such configuration of the combined electrically-controlled actuator is advantageous in which the difference of angles between the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and of the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the actuator and the actuator armature travel axis is not more than 45°. Namely such configuration of the combined electrically-controlled actuator means the arrangement of the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non- ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature substantially along each other. This makes it possible to ensure the directivity of force pulses occurring in these portions along the travel axis of the movable part of the combined electrically- controlled actuator and their addition to each other, as well as an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. This, in turn, allows the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be moved during very short and precisely specified time intervals, ensures a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency level of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
The employment in the construction of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the present invention of at least two coils, one of which is a structural component of that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electromagnetic actuator, and the other coil is a structural component of that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electrodynamic actuator, makes it possible to ensure optimum electric and magnetic characteristics of these portions and, therefore, to increase the power, the attainable speed of operation and actuation frequency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator, which are limited by properties of the common magnetic core of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in the event of employing one common coil.
The arrangement of the armature so that an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere of influence of the one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the sphere or influence of the other coil makes it possible to ensure optimum electric and magnetic characteristics of these portions, the like directivity of mechanical force pulses, and both stable and effective operation of the combined electrically-controlled actuator within the entire range of its working travels.
The armature of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the present invention is provided in a composite form and comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion, each of which interacts with the respective coil. Such configuration of the armature of the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the invention makes it possible to combine optimum electric and magnetic characteristics of the portion therein, which operates in accordance with the operation principle of an electromagnetic actuator, and of the portion, which operates in accordance with the operation principle of an electrodynamic actuator, as well as to ensure a necessary mechanical strength of the armature at its minimal weight, that in turn, ensures a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency of the combined electrically- controlled actuator. Accordingly to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a non-ferromagnetic current-conducting material is used to make that portion of the armature, which is a structural component of that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the operation principle of an electrodynamic actuator. Such configuration excludes the possibility of occurrence of a mechanical force pulse opposite in direction to the force pulse produced by interaction between the current in the current-conducting portion of the armature and the magnetic field of the alive coil , this, in turn, makes it possible to ensure a high efficiency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator as a whole and, therefore, would allow to ensure a necessary speed of operation, actuation frequency of the device and a necessary operation accuracy of the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
Accordingly to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to use single-type portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator, for example, with flat, cylindrical, or cone-shaped external working surfaces. In this embodiment, the conversion of electric power into the linear motion of the movable part of the actuator occurs during the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. This makes it also possible to ensure a necessary mechanical strength of the armature at its minimum weight and simplifies the manufacture of the actuator this, in turn, would allow the effectiveness of use of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be improved significantly.
For the short working travels of the armature, the configuration of the actuator is preferred in which the external working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are parallel to each other and are made flat. In such configuration, said working surfaces of the armature are oriented perpendicularly to the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator, i.e., in this case, single-type structural components of the armature are used. In such structural configuration, the actuator is a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator. Such configuration would make it possible to ensure the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. Moreover, such actuator ensures the largest mechanical force having minimum sizes and is the simplest to manufacture.
For relatively long working travels of the armature, the configuration of the actuator is also preferred in which the external working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are coaxial to each other and are made cylindrical. In such configuration, said working surfaces of the armature are oriented along the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator, i.e., in this case, the single-type structural components of the current- conducting armature are used. In such configuration, the actuator is a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator. Such configuration would make it possible to ensure the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. Moreover, such actuator may ensure a variable motion of the movable part of the actuator and it is notable for the minimum diameter and is simple enough to manufacture.
For short and medium working travels of the armature, the configuration of the actuator is also preferred in which the external working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are coaxial to each other and are made cone-shaped. In such configuration, the rotation axes of said working surfaces of the armature are oriented along the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator, i.e., in this case, single-type structural components of the current-conducting armature are used. In such structural configuration, the actuator is a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator. Such configuration would make it possible to ensure the joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas. Moreover, the armature of such actuator is characterized by the largest strength and hardness at the minimum weight, by a smaller flow resistance in comparison with the disk armature, and it has a marked effect of automatic centering and it may ensure the maximum speed of operation of the actuator.
Preferably, a composite armature is used as the movable part of the actuator. Such structural configuration of the electrodynamic actuator allows it to be used in various arts and devices of different purpose.
The coils may be made both connectable simultaneously to switch-mode electric power supplies and connectable independently to switch-mode electric power supplies; at that, the coil, in the sphere of influence whereof the non-ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature is disposed, is made connectable to a switch-mode of electric power supply after a predetermined period of time after the connection of the coil, in the area of influence whereof the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed, to the electric power supply. Such configuration of the combined electrically-controlled actuator makes it possible, where required, to ensure the compensation of a relatively slow force increase in that portion of the actuator, which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electromagnetic actuator, as well as to ensure a flexible control of the combined electrically-controlled actuator against the distance that was traveled by the armature during its travel.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, as an electric power supply for the coil, in the sphere of influence whereof the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed, there can be used a DC power supply that is connected to the coil winding by means of a transistor.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, as a switch-mode electric power supply for the coils, there can be used of an electrolytic- type capacitor that is connected to the coil winding by means of a transistor.
According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a switch-mode power supply is made with the possibility of ensuring a partial discharge of a capacitor in an aperiodic discharge mode. This makes it possible to ensure the maximum current increase rate in the coils of the actuator and, therefore, the maximum rate of increase in the mechanical force of the actuator enabling thereby the speed of operation thereof to be increased. In addition, at the aperiodic discharge of the capacitor through the coil of the electrodynamic portion of the combined actuator even at a small value of the coil inductance, both a high efficiency and a high mechanical force developed by this portion of the actuator may be achieved. This is made in the following way. In the region of the rise of current through the coil of the combined actuator, when the capacitor voltage is changing slightly, the coil of the combined actuator disconnects consecutively for several times and connects to the capacitor for a short period of time. At the same time, the combined actuator produces several force pulses of a high efficiency of every pulse; the necessary general force pulse is provided by the addition of the several consecutive force pulses. Such a control of the actuator power is physically embodied through the pulse-duration modulation process that proceeds here. During aperiodic discharge of an electrolytic capacitor, there can be achieved a more advantageous mode of operation of the actuator than in the discharge oscillation mode of the capacitor regardless of parameters of the coils and armature of the combined actuator. Besides, during the employment of the aperiodic discharge mode of the capacitor it becomes possible to use power-consuming electrolytic capacitors, for which shallow cycling mode corresponds to their usual operating mode as a filter in power supply units.
List of Drawings
The invention is illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible (bidirectional) combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a reversible (bidirectional) combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention, the electrodynamic portion whereof comprises only one coil;
Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention; Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 7 is the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 8 is the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention; and
Fig. 9 is the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled conic-type actuator in accordance with the invention.
Figure 1 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention comprising a coil 1 housed in a ferromagnetic housing 2, a coil 3, a movable part that is a current-conducting armature comprising a ferromagnetic portion 4, a current- conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5, and a rod 6; a spring 7 is located in the cavity of the ferromagnetic housing 2 . The spring 7 is precompressed and abuts by one end face against a spring stop 8 and by the other end face against the movable part of the actuator. The ferromagnetic housing 2 with the coil 1 inside, the coil 3, the spring stop 8 and stroke limiters 9 and 10 are fixed motionlessly, while the ferromagnetic portion 4, the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 and the rod 6 are connected to each other and being movable for a distance of Δl between the stroke limiters 9 and 10. The coil I5 the ferromagnetic housing 2 and the ferromagnetic portion 4 form an electromagnetic portion of the combined electrically- controlled actuator. The current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 and the coil 3 form an electrodynamic portion of the combined electrically-controlled actuator. If there is no current in the coils 1 and 3 of the combined electrically-controlled actuator, the movable part of the actuator is pressed by the precompressed spring 7 to the stroke limiter 10 and is located in the position shown in Fig. 1. In this position, air gaps Δ2 and Δ3 remain between the surfaces of the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 and the movable part which air gaps are required to prevent the electric insulation of the coil 3 from being damaged when the actuator operates.
Figure 2 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator in accordance with the invention. The reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention. In addition to the component parts of the actuator shown in Fig. 1, this construction comprises a second coil 11 of the electrodynamic portion of the actuator, its respective current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 12 of the armature, a ferromagnetic portion 13 of the armature, a coil 14 housed in a housing 15 of a second electromagnetic portion of the actuator.
Figure 4 shows a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a reversible combined electrically-controlled disk-type actuator in accordance with the invention, the electrodynamic portion whereof comprises only one coil 3. The other reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1 and Figure 3.
Figure 5 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a reversible combined electrically-controlled sleeve-type actuator. The other reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1 and Figure 3.
Figure 6 shows a cross sectional view of one of the embodiments of a combined electrically-controlled conic-type actuator. The working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is at an angle 16 with an axis 17 of armature travel and the working surface of the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is located at an angle 18 with the armature travel axis. The other reference numerals correspond to those in Figure 1. Figure 7 shows the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled disk-type actuator. Vector F3 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electromagnetic portion; vector F4 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electrodynamic portion; vector Fi shows the direction of the overall mechanical force that occurs in the combined electrically-controlled actuator.
Figure 8 shows the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled sleeve-type actuator. Vector F3 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electromagnetic portion; vector F4 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electrodynamic portion; vector Fi shows the direction of the overall mechanical force that occurs in the combined electrically- controlled actuator.
Figure 9 shows the diagram of forces occurring during the joint operation of an electromagnetic portion and an electrodynamic portion of a combined electrically- controlled conic-type actuator. Vector F3 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electromagnetic portion; vector F4 shows the direction of a mechanical force that occurs in the electrodynamic portion; vector F1 shows the direction of the overall mechanical force that occurs in the combined electrically- controlled actuator.
The combined electrically-controlled actuator in one of the embodiments thereof shown in Figure 1 operates in the following way:
Voltage pulses from external switch-mode power supplies (are not shown in the drawing) are applied to the windings of the coils 1 and 3. As a rule, a voltage pulse is applied to the coil 1 winding slightly earlier than to the coil 3 winding in order to compensate a relatively slow force rise in the electromagnetic portion of the actuator and to achieve the largest overall force of the combined electrically-controlled actuator. Under the action of the mechanical force pulses produced in the ferromagnetic portion ferromagnetic disk 4 and the current-conducting non- ferromagnetic disk 5, the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator overcomes the spring force and moves; at the same time, the size of the air gap Δl is shortened. At the end of working stroke, the movable part abuts against the stroke limiter 9 and an air gap Δ4 remains between the surface of the ferromagnetic disk 4 and that of the ferromagnetic housing 2 to prevent a sticking effect. Once voltage is terminated to be applied to the coil 1 winding, the mechanical force produced by the electromagnetic portion of the actuator begins to decrease and, when this force becomes smaller than the spring force of the spring 7, the movable part of the actuator moves toward its initial position under the action of the spring force of the spring 7. When the movable part reaches the stroke limiter 10, the actuator operation cycle is completed.
The reversible combined electrically-controlled actuator in one of the embodiments thereof shown in Figure 3 operates in the following way:
Voltage pulses from external switch-mode power supplies (are not shown in the drawing) are applied to the windings of the coils 1 and 3. As a rule, a voltage pulse is applied to the coil 1 winding a little bit earlier than to the coil 3 winding in order to compensate a relatively slow force rise in the electromagnetic portion of the actuator and to achieve the largest overall force of the combined electrically-controlled actuator. Under the action of the mechanical force pulses produced in the ferromagnetic portion ferromagnetic disk 4 and the current-conducting non- ferromagnetic disk 5, the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator overcomes the spring force and moves; at the same time, the size of the air gap Δl is shortened. At the end of working stroke, the movable part abuts against the stroke limiter 9 and an air gap Δ4 remains between the surface of the ferromagnetic disk 4 and that of the ferromagnetic housing 2 to prevent a sticking effect, and the direct stroke is completed. The movable part will remain in this position until voltage is terminated to be applied to the coil 1 winding. Voltage is then terminated to be applied to the coil 1 winding and voltage pulses are applied to the windings of the coils 11 and 14. Under the action of the mechanical force pulses produced in the disks 12 and 13, the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator overcomes the inertial force and moves toward its initial position. When the movable part reaches the stroke limiter 10, the actuator operation cycle is completed.
The reversible combined electrically-controlled actuator in one of the embodiments thereof shown in Figure 4 operates in a similar manner to that of the preceding embodiment of the actuator; however, voltage pulses in the electrodynamic portion of the actuator are applied to the winding of the coil 3 that operates during both forward and reverse strokes of the movable part.
The processes that take place in the course of actuator operation will be described below in detail.
In the combined electrically-controlled actuator in accordance with the present invention, upon applying a voltage pulse to the winding of the coil 1, a current pulse occurs in this winding which pulse induces a flux pulse that is circuited through the ferromagnetic housing 2 and the ferromagnetic disk 4, which form a magnetic core of the electromagnetic portion of the combined electrically-controlled actuator. Thus, the movable part of the magnetic core tends to move to such position in which the magnetic centerline of the magnetic field in the magnetic core is as short as possible. A force pulse produced by the electromagnetic portion of the combined electrically- controlled actuator has, thus, the direction shown in Figure 1 by the direction of vector
Upon applying a voltage pulse to the winding of the coil 3, a current pulse occurs in this winding which pulse induces a flux pulse coupled with the current- conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 of the armature made in a form of disk and of the same pulse duration that the duration of the current pulse in the coil 3 winding. As a result of the electromagnetic induction effect, a time-varying flux induces, in the current-conducting material of the portion 5, an electromotive force e pulse of the same pulse duration that the duration of the current pulse and flux pulse. The Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is given by formula:
Under the action of the electromotive force e pulse, an eddy current pulse occurs in the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5. These eddy currents interact with a magnetic flux produced by the current in the coil 3 winding (according to Ampere's law), which magnetic flux enters the current-conducting non- ferromagnetic portion 5. As a result of this, there occurs a mechanical force pulse which has the same duration as the duration of the current pulse in the coil 3 winding, of the magnetic flux pulse and of the eddy current pulse in the material volume of the portion 5. The direction of this force pulse is shown in Figure 1 by the direction of vector Fi. Thus, upon applying voltage pulses to the windings of the coils 1 and 3, both portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator produce mechanical forces acting in the same direction though the contribution of these forces to the motion of the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator at different phases is different.
At the initial point of time, the motion of the movable part is conducled mostly under the action of a mechanical force pulse produced by the portion of the actuator that operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electrodynamic actuator. This short and rapidly rising mechanical force pulse creates a significant acceleration of the movable part of the combined electrically-controlled actuator. At the same time, in the portion of the actuator which operates in accordance with the principles of operation of an electromagnetic actuator, due to a high inductance of the coil 1 and a large air gap Δl, the mechanical force is insignificant and rises slowly.
As a portion of the air gap is traveled, a force produced by the electrodynamic portion of the actuator decreases and, upon termination of the action of the short force pulse, terminates. At the same time, the current in the coil 1 winding reaches its maximum value and, as the air gap Δl is shortened, the mechanical force pulse produced by the electromagnetic portion of the actuator begins to play the leading role in moving of the movable part of the actuator. In addition, once the movable part has traveled the air gap Δl, the mechanical force pulse produced by the electromagnetic portion is used to hold the movable part in its elevated position. Upon termination of applying voltage to the coil 1 winding, the mechanical force produced by the electromagnetic portion of the actuator begins to decrease and, in the time when this force becomes equal to the spring force of the spring 7, the movable part of the actuator begins to move toward its initial position under the action of the spring force of the spring 7. The time required for the transition of the movable part to its initial position depends on the weigh of movable part and the precompression force and hardness of the spring 7.
Thus, the conversion of electric power into the linear motion of the movable part of the actuator is made by applying current pulses from switch-mode electric power supplies to the stationary coils 1 and 3. Energy to be converted into a mechanical force pulse is previously accumulated using capacitors. When a switching device (as the switching device, transistors are used) is on, the capacitors discharge through the coils 1 and 3. In this way, the electric power accumulated in the capacitors is converted into the electromagnetic power of the windings of the coils 1 and 3. A portion of such accumulated power is consumed to heat the conductors of the coils 1 and 3, as well as is consumed for heat losses due to eddy currents produced in actuator parts, etc. A portion of a residual electromagnetic power produces a flux pulse that is circuited in the magnetic core of the electromagnetic portion of the combined electrically-controlled actuator, and the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is attracted to the housing of the coil 1 and, therefore, a desired influence is exerted on the object to be moved . The other portion of electromagnetic power produces an electromagnetic field around the coil 3 winding and, in such a way, the electromagnetic power is transferred in part inductively to the non-ferromagnetic portion 5 of the actuator armature. A electromagnetic flux entering the non- ferromagnetic portion 5 of the armature induces an eddy current therein, which current interacting with the magnetic flux that has entered the non-ferromagnetic portion 5 of the armature produces a mechanical force pulse. The current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion 5 is repelled off the coil 3 and, therefore, a desired influence on the object to be moved is exerted. The portions 4, 5 and the rod 6 are connected to each other and, as a result, the mechanical force pulses produced therein are added to each other.
Therefore, the claimed invention is a combined electrically-controlled actuator that, due to an effective combination of properties of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator, which combination is achieved in using separate coils for the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator and arranging the working surfaces of a ferromagnetic portion and a non- ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature substantially along each other which is acheived, for example, by employing single-type portions of the combined electrically-controlled actuator (disk, sleeve, cone-shaped or other ones) that will allow to ensure an effective joint operation of the electromagnetic portion and the electrodynamic portion of the actuator at all the armature travel areas and this, in turn, would allow a necessary speed of operation and a necessary efficiency of the combined electrically-controlled actuator to be achieved.

Claims

Claims
l. A combined electrically-controlled actuator, wherein electric power is converted into the linear motion of a movable part of the actuator, the electrically- controlled actuator comprising: at least two coils and at least one armature, wherein the armature comprises a ferromagnetic portion and a non-ferromagnetic current- conducting portion and interacts with the coils upon connection of the latter to an electric power supply, at least one whereof is a switch-mode electric power supply; an external working surface of the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the area of influence of one coil and a working surface of the non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed in the area of influence of the other coil and at least one of the coils is connected to a switch-mode electric power supply, characterized in that the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non- ferromagnetic current-conducting portion of the armature are arranged along each other.
2. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature are configured so that the difference of angles between them and the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator is not more than 45°.
3. The actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the current-conducting non- ferromagnetic portion of the armature are flat and arranged parallel to each other said working surfaces of the armature being oriented perpendicularly to the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator.
4. The actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the ferromagnetic portion and the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature are made in the form of disk.
5. The actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the current-conducting non- ferromagnetic portion of the armature are coaxial to each other and are made cylindrical said working surfaces of the armature being oriented along the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator.
6. The actuator according to claim 5, characterized in that the ferromagnetic portion and the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature are made in the form of sleeve.
7. The actuator according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the working surfaces of the ferromagnetic portion and the non-ferromagnetic current- conducting portion of the armature are coaxial to each other and are made conic the axes of said working surfaces of the armature being oriented along the travel axis of the movable part of the actuator.
8. The actuator according to claim 7, characterized in that the armature is made with an internal cavity.
9. The actuator according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the movable part comprises the armature.
10. The actuator according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the coils are made connectable simultaneously to switch-mode electric power supplies.
11. The actuator according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the coils are made connectable independently to switch-mode electric power supplies the coil, in the sphere of influence whereof the current-conducting non-ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed, being made connectable to a switch-mode power supply after a predetermined period of time after the connection of the coil, in the sphere of influence whereof the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed to an electric power supply.
12. The actuator according to one of claims 1 - 11, characterized in that the switch-mode electric power supply for the coil, in the sphere of influence whereof the ferromagnetic portion of the armature is disposed, comprises a DC power supply that is connected to the coil winding by means of a transistor.
13. The actuator according to one of claims 1 - 11, characterized in that the switch-mode electric power supply for the coils comprises at least one electrolytic capacitor that is connected to the coil windings by means of a transistor.
14. The actuator according to claim 13, characterized in that the transistor is made capable to ensurine a partial discharge of a capacitor in an aperiodic discharge mode
PCT/IB2007/002979 2007-05-16 2007-10-08 Combined electrically-controlled actuator WO2008139250A1 (en)

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EP2506272A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-03 Kendrion Magnettechnik GmbH Quick-switching lifting magnet
WO2014095272A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Eddy current actuator
WO2015003370A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 西门子公司 Magnetic actuator
US10224742B2 (en) 2015-01-18 2019-03-05 Powerpath Technologies Incorporated High efficiency uninterruptible power supply with near loss-less ultrafast electromechanical switching
WO2021239739A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Supergrid Institute Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2506272A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-03 Kendrion Magnettechnik GmbH Quick-switching lifting magnet
WO2014095272A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Eddy current actuator
WO2015003370A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 西门子公司 Magnetic actuator
CN105009231A (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-10-28 西门子公司 Magnetic actuator
US9576714B2 (en) 2013-07-11 2017-02-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Magnetic actuator
EP3021333A4 (en) * 2013-07-11 2017-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Magnetic actuator
US10224742B2 (en) 2015-01-18 2019-03-05 Powerpath Technologies Incorporated High efficiency uninterruptible power supply with near loss-less ultrafast electromechanical switching
WO2021239739A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Supergrid Institute Induction-controlled switch having a vacuum bulb for reducing vibrations
FR3111007A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-03 Supergrid Institute Induction controlled vacuum interrupter switch minimizes vibration

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