EP4107413A1 - Sliding element, in particular piston ring, and method for producing same - Google Patents
Sliding element, in particular piston ring, and method for producing sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP4107413A1 EP4107413A1 EP21706927.7A EP21706927A EP4107413A1 EP 4107413 A1 EP4107413 A1 EP 4107413A1 EP 21706927 A EP21706927 A EP 21706927A EP 4107413 A1 EP4107413 A1 EP 4107413A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sliding element
- nitriding
- layer
- base material
- element according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3496—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member use of special materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sliding element, in particular a piston ring, which has both good overall wear resistance and improved fatigue strength, and a method for producing the same.
- sliding elements such as piston rings are subject to increasing demands on fatigue strength, among other things driven by increased load conditions, for example by increased cylinder peak pressures and by reduced piston ring dimensions (especially axial ring height).
- thermal and mechanical loads also occur, especially in modern engines Sliding elements such as piston rings, pistons or cylinder liners in internal combustion engines, which require high wear resistance over a long service life.
- sliding elements such as piston rings can be provided with a wear protection layer, for example on the outer flank surface of a piston ring.
- Piston rings are known from the prior art, the flanks of which are partially or completely nitrided and the running surfaces of which at least partially have a different coating.
- DE 10221 800 A1 discloses a steel piston ring with a running surface, an inner surface and upper and lower flanks provided in between, the running surface being at least partially provided with a thermal spray layer as a running surface coating and a nitriding layer produced by plasma nitriding at least on the flanks.
- No. 6,508,473 B1 describes a piston ring with a nitriding layer on the upper and lower flanks or on the upper and lower flanks and the inner circumferential surface, as well as a hard layer formed by ion plating on the outer circumferential surface.
- DE 102005 023 627 A1 describes a steel piston ring with a running surface chambered on one side, the running surface being coated with a wear protection layer based on chrome ceramic and having microcracks and at least the flanks are provided with a wear-reducing nitrided layer.
- DE 10 2005 011 438 B3 discloses a method for producing wear protection layers on a piston ring base body made of steel or cast iron, the running surface area first being at least partially provided with an at least one-layer thermal spray coating based on nitrogen-affine metallic elements and then at least the flanks and the running surface including the spray coating applied to it are subjected to a nitriding process.
- Such sliding elements have layers with satisfactory wear resistance, but these show a reduced fatigue strength under the above-mentioned load conditions.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a sliding element, preferably a piston ring, which has both good overall wear resistance and improved fatigue strength, and a method for producing the same.
- the wear resistance is basically ensured by providing a nitriding layer in a base material made of martensitic or austenitic stainless steel with a chromium content of at least 6.0 percent by mass. Chromium contents of at least 11.0 percent by mass or at least 17.0 percent by mass advantageously increase the wear resistance of the sliding element.
- the fatigue strength of surface-treated components depends to a large extent on the brittleness of the surface zone of the component under consideration.
- the nitriding of sliding elements is to be regarded as such a surface layer treatment.
- Various series of tests have shown that the desired reduction in brittleness can be achieved by lowering the hardness of the nitrided layer. In particular, this can be achieved by a special procedure during nitriding.
- the nitriding of piston rings made of steels with a high chromium content be carried out in such a way that the brittleness of the nitrided layer is reduced.
- the reduction in brittleness is achieved by lowering the hardness of the nitrided layer. It has been shown here that a surface hardness of up to 900 HVl, measured orthogonally to the nitrided layer, leads to a significant improvement in fatigue strength.
- a sliding element namely comprising a base material made of martensitic or austenitic stainless steel with a chromium content of at least 6.0 mass percent and a nitrided layer with a surface hardness of up to 950 HVl therefore ensures the desired wear protection with high fatigue strength at the same time.
- the ammonia When a mixture of ammonia and ammonia cracked gas is supplied at elevated temperatures, the ammonia is split up on the metallic sliding element surface to for the absorption of atomic nitrogen. This absorbed nitrogen then diffuses into the metallic piston ring surface as a result of a drop in nitrogen concentration and thus forms a nitrided layer.
- the formation of the nitrided layer is determined by the solubility of the high-chromium piston ring steel material.
- the nitriding process conditions are now selected according to the invention so that the nitrogen solubility of the base material is exceeded, so that iron and chromium nitride precipitates are already formed during the nitriding and can grow further in the further course. Due to the increasing growth of iron and chromium nitride precipitations, the metallurgical stresses in the iron lattice are influenced in such a way that the increase in the lattice stresses is limited. This reduced lattice tension is directly related to the brittleness and hardness of the nitrided layer.
- the inventors have now surprisingly found that the nitriding of the base material at a temperature between at least 600 ° and at most 700 ° C, the aforementioned effects can be achieved without the undesired so-called Braunite phase occurring in the diffusion zone of the nitriding layer. These advantageous effects are particularly pronounced at temperatures of at least 630 ° C or at most 650 ° C. The above-mentioned upper temperature limits ensure that the risk of brownite formation is avoided.
- the nitriding is preferably carried out for a period of 15 to 60 minutes.
- the sliding element additionally has a wear protection layer, preferably selected from a PVD layer or electroplated layer, particularly preferably a DLC layer, as the outermost layer on at least part of the surface of the sliding element.
- a wear protection layer further increases the wear protection of the sliding element.
- the sliding element is advantageously a piston ring and the wear protection layer is applied to the outer circumferential surface and / or the flank of the piston ring.
- the named areas of a piston ring benefit particularly strongly from the wear protection provided by the wear protection layer.
- the nitrided layer represents the outermost layer on at least part of the surface of the sliding element, preferably on the outer circumferential surface and / or the flank of a piston ring.
- a sliding element is particularly easy to manufacture, but nevertheless has satisfactory properties in terms of wear resistance and fatigue strength.
- the nitriding layer preferably has a nitriding hardness depth Nht 700 HV0.1, measured according to IS06621-2, Section 4.2.15, between 20 and 100 ⁇ m. The specified depth of nitriding hardness ensures the desired wear resistance and fatigue strength.
- the thickness of the wear protection layer is advantageously at least 3 ⁇ m, preferably at least 10 ⁇ m. In this range of values, a particularly high wear resistance of the wear protection layer can be achieved.
- the nitriding layer preferably consists exclusively of a single-zone nitriding layer with a continuous decrease in hardness from the outer surface to the base material which is free of nitriding layers.
- the nitrided layer does not have a multilevel, discontinuous nitrided layer formation.
- This embodiment is characterized by excellent wear resistance and fatigue strength.
- the base material of the sliding element advantageously has a uniform, fine-grain tempered structure without carbide accumulations with a maximum carbide grain size of 50 ⁇ m. This advantageously increases the fatigue strength of the sliding element.
- the base material is subjected to a cleaning treatment before nitriding. This allows surface contamination to be removed.
- the base material Before nitriding, the base material is preferably heated to a pretreatment temperature between 450 ° C and 550 ° C in a gas nitriding plant with the addition of nitrogen gas.
- the base material is advantageously subjected to a single or multi-stage etching treatment before nitriding, with ammonia and etchant in solid or liquid form can be added. This leads to the removal of the passive oxide layer, formed by the elements chromium and oxygen. Furthermore, the first nucleation of nitrides takes place on the piston ring surface.
- the nitriding is carried out with the addition of ammonia and optionally nitrogen and / or hydrogen.
- At least one holding phase is preferably provided, in which the base material is kept at a temperature which is below the nitriding temperature.
- variable 1 shows a comparison of the surface hardness of a conventionally nitrided piston ring (variant 1) and a piston ring nitrided according to the invention (variant 2), measured according to HV1 and HV0.5; and
- FIGS. 1 and 2 The expected relationship between the surface hardness of the nitrided layer and the fatigue strength of appropriately nitrided piston rings is demonstrated by the results shown in FIGS. 1 and 2:
- the method according to the invention leads to significantly reduced surface hardness of the nitrided layer (see FIG. 1).
- This reduced surface hardness in turn leads to a significantly increased fatigue strength, as shown by FIG.
- the piston ring-specific fatigue strength was derived in the measurement method on which FIG. 2 is based, determining the mean stress and the stress amplitude for typical fatigue strength load changes 10 7 .
- the growth of the iron and chromium nitride precipitates preferred according to the invention is also expressed in an increased etchability of the nitriding layer with 1% alcoholic nitric acid solution in the metallographic cross-section, as shown in FIG.
- the following additional exemplary embodiment again illustrates the effect of nitriding according to the invention on hardness:
- the surface hardness according to Table 1 was measured on the nitriding layer of a sliding element that was nitrided according to standard methods.
- the surface hardnesses according to Table 2 were measured on the nitrided layer of a sliding element which was nitrided according to the method according to the invention.
- Table 1 Table 1:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020202259.3A DE102020202259A1 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2020-02-21 | Sliding element, in particular piston ring, and method for producing the same |
PCT/EP2021/054135 WO2021165462A1 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2021-02-19 | Sliding element, in particular piston ring, and method for producing same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4107413A1 true EP4107413A1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
Family
ID=74672343
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21706927.7A Pending EP4107413A1 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2021-02-19 | Sliding element, in particular piston ring, and method for producing same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230134881A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4107413A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2023513972A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20220144824A (en) |
CN (1) | CN115135912A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112022014965A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102020202259A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021165462A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1624085B1 (en) | 1997-04-03 | 2010-06-09 | JTEKT Corporation | Rolling bearing |
JP2000145542A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-05-26 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Piston ring for direct injection diesel engine and combination |
JP3295388B2 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2002-06-24 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | piston ring |
JP2001027152A (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-30 | Riken Corp | Piston ring for internal combustion engine and manufacture thereof |
JP4724275B2 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社リケン | Piston ring excellent in scuffing resistance, cracking resistance and fatigue resistance, and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2002317225A (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-31 | Riken Corp | Piston ring |
DE10221800B4 (en) | 2002-05-15 | 2005-04-07 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Method of producing wear layers on jet piston rings |
DE102005011438B3 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2006-05-18 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Production of anti-wear layers on a piston ring base body comprises forming a thermal injection layer based on metallic elements with an affinity to nitrogen on the running surface region |
DE102005023627B4 (en) | 2005-05-21 | 2010-05-06 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Steel Kolbe ring |
BR102014026128B8 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2021-08-17 | Mahle Int Gmbh | piston ring and internal combustion engine |
BR102015025731B1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2021-05-18 | Mahle Metal Leve S/A | sliding element |
-
2020
- 2020-02-21 DE DE102020202259.3A patent/DE102020202259A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-02-19 WO PCT/EP2021/054135 patent/WO2021165462A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-02-19 KR KR1020227031419A patent/KR20220144824A/en unknown
- 2021-02-19 JP JP2022549994A patent/JP2023513972A/en active Pending
- 2021-02-19 CN CN202180015281.6A patent/CN115135912A/en active Pending
- 2021-02-19 BR BR112022014965A patent/BR112022014965A2/en unknown
- 2021-02-19 EP EP21706927.7A patent/EP4107413A1/en active Pending
- 2021-02-19 US US17/904,615 patent/US20230134881A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20220144824A (en) | 2022-10-27 |
CN115135912A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
BR112022014965A2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
US20230134881A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
JP2023513972A (en) | 2023-04-04 |
DE102020202259A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
WO2021165462A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
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