EP4105396B1 - Drinking and domestic water system - Google Patents
Drinking and domestic water system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4105396B1 EP4105396B1 EP22177803.8A EP22177803A EP4105396B1 EP 4105396 B1 EP4105396 B1 EP 4105396B1 EP 22177803 A EP22177803 A EP 22177803A EP 4105396 B1 EP4105396 B1 EP 4105396B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- potable
- water system
- flushing
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 93
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 title description 23
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 claims 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007764 Legionnaires' Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
- E03C1/04—Water-basin installations specially adapted to wash-basins or baths
- E03C1/044—Water-basin installations specially adapted to wash-basins or baths having a heating or cooling apparatus in the supply line
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/04—Domestic or like local pipe systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
- E03B7/074—Arrangement of water treatment devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
- E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
- E03B7/08—Arrangement of draining devices, e.g. manual shut-off valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0094—Recovering of cold water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C2201/00—Details, devices or methods not otherwise provided for
- E03C2201/40—Arrangement of water treatment devices in domestic plumbing installations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drinking and service water system that is designed as a cold water system and has a connection to the public water supply network. At least one supply line leading to at least one consumer is fed with fresh water via the connection to the public water supply network. Unused water is returned in a circulation line and with a circulation pump assigned to the circulation line and cooled in a cooling device. To drain water from the drinking and service water system, a flushing valve is provided downstream of the consumer in the direction of flow.
- Such a drinking and service water system for example, is out DE 10 2019 217 903 A1 known.
- a device with solar collectors which are installed on a flat roof of a house with a room to be air-conditioned.
- the solar collectors are connected by a flow line and a return line, which form a first heat transfer fluid circuit with a first circulation pump, to a solar heat exchanger, which releases the solar heat to a heat transfer medium in a heat storage.
- the heat storage is connected to a second heat transfer fluid circuit with a second circulation pump and an evaporative cooler, which is also arranged on the flat roof of the house.
- a third circulation pump conveys heating or cooling water from the heat storage through a wall heating and/or heating and cooling ceiling of the room to be air-conditioned. This is how the room should be heated or cooled.
- the DE 100 57 578 A1 proposes to use excess solar heat to distill seawater for the purpose of producing drinking water.
- the present invention aims to provide a drinking and service water system of the type mentioned at the beginning with reduced operating costs.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying a more efficient drinking and industrial water system for providing drinking and industrial water that is as germ-free as possible.
- the present invention proposes a drinking and service water system with the features of claim 1. This is characterized by the fact that the cooling device is designed to cool by evaporating water drained from the drinking and service water system. As a result, the water that was disposed of unused in the prior art is used for cooling the drinking water and electrical energy for cooling the drinking water is saved. The evaporation cold created during evaporation is used to cool the drinking water.
- the circulation line of the drinking and service water system usually flows back into the supply line. In this way, the drinking water can circulate in the drinking and service water system when the consumer is not tapping and germ formation due to standing water can be avoided.
- the cooling device usually cools the water to temperatures below 25°C and preferably below 20°C in order to avoid the formation or proliferation of legionella and other germs, which is favored in a temperature range between 25°C and 55°C .
- the circulation flow is generally lower than a supply flow triggered by a consumer's tapping process.
- the circulation line accordingly preferably has a nominal diameter that is at least one step smaller than the supply line.
- the circulation line can, for example, have a nominal diameter of DN 15 or smaller and the supply line can have a nominal diameter of DN 20 or larger.
- time-controlled, consumption or temperature-dependent water is drained from the drinking and service water system via the flushing valve and replaced with fresh water from the public water supply network.
- a control unit is provided which is connected to the flushing valve in terms of control.
- the flushing valve is usually assigned to a flushing line branching off from the circulation line.
- the cooling device comprises a heat exchanger which is preferably arranged downstream of the branch to the flushing line in the flow direction and which is connected to a coolant circuit which communicates with an evaporation device in which the drained water removes heat from the coolant by evaporation. The heat dissipated in this way is released into the environment through the evaporated water.
- the heat exchanger is usually provided with a return connection for the introduction of drinking water returned from the circulation line and a flow connection for the delivery of the cooled drinking water.
- the flow connection is connected directly or indirectly to the supply line.
- the supply line usually forms the circulation line and the cooling device has a drinking water circuit for circulating and cooling the drinking water.
- the heat exchanger usually has a separate return connection and a separate flow connection for the coolant.
- the coolant circuit forms the primary circuit of the heat exchanger and the drinking water circuit forms the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger can be designed as a plate heat exchanger.
- the evaporation device is preferably designed as a refrigeration machine based on evaporative cooling. Energy is removed from the coolant in the form of heat through the evaporation of the drained water.
- a water/glycol mixture is preferably used as a coolant.
- an installer who puts the coolant circuit into operation does not need to have any special qualifications for handling coolants that are harmful to health or have an adverse effect on the environment (refrigerant certificate).
- glycol is in liquid class 3, so that the heat exchanger only has to separate the drinking water to be cooled from the coolant with a single wall. This reduces the size and the costs of manufacturing the heat exchanger. Furthermore, this improves the heat transfer between the coolant circuit and the drinking water circuit within the heat exchanger.
- the coolant circuit is assigned a coolant circulation pump for circulating the coolant between the heat exchanger and the evaporation device.
- the evaporation device is arranged to release evaporated water into the environment.
- the water vapor created during evaporation is absorbed into the ambient air.
- the ambient air is preferably air from outside.
- the evaporation device can be provided outdoors or in a greenhouse.
- the drinking and service water system comprises a water tank for temporarily storing drained water and a pump that pumps water from the water tank into the evaporation device.
- the cooling requirements of drinking water are subject to natural fluctuations, particularly due to the different temperatures over the seasons.
- the cooling requirement may be highest in summer, while there is usually little or no cooling requirement in winter.
- the water tank is preferably used primarily in summer in order to always have enough drained water available for the evaporation device and to meet the cooling needs.
- the cooling requirement can even be greater in winter if the drinking water pipes are partially installed close to the heating pipes and the drinking water can heat up as a result.
- the coolant in the evaporation device can be cooled additionally or exclusively by cold air, preferably cold outside air. In particular, if the temperatures of the ambient air of the evaporation device reach or fall below approximately 0 ° C, no water is supplied to the evaporation device in order to avoid damage to the evaporation device due to icing.
- the water tank preferably includes an additional connection for introducing rainwater. During or before a period of hot days, this connection can be opened to better cover peak cooling requirements. In winter, the mechanism for evaporating water in the evaporation device can be put out of operation and the water drained via the flush valve can be disposed of through a sewer pipe as is known in the art. If the drinking water needs to be cooled or is necessary in winter, the coolant can be cooled by the cold air from outside and due to the lower temperature of the outside air.
- the drinking and service water system has a switching device for switching between a summer cooling mode, in which heat is removed from coolant by evaporation of drained water, and a winter cooling mode, in which coolant is cooled by cold outside air.
- the drinking and service water system comprises a control unit connected to the flushing valve with a temperature-controlled flushing mode, in which a measured water temperature in the cold water system is used as a controlled variable to control the flushing valve, and/or with a flushing quantity-controlled Flushing mode, in which a measured amount of water drained from the cold water system via the flushing valve is used as a controlled variable to control the flushing valve, and/or with a time-controlled flushing mode, in which a specific time or a period of time is used as a controlled variable to control the flushing valve.
- control unit can always control the flushing valve at a specific time of day or night when the time-controlled mode is activated.
- the control unit can control the flushing valve if or as soon as a measured water temperature of the cold water system falls below a predetermined target temperature.
- the control unit can control the flushing valve if or as soon as a value measured in a certain time interval by the The amount of water drained from the cold water system via the flushing valve falls below a predetermined target amount.
- the Figures 1 and 2 each show a drinking and service water system of a building 2 in a schematic representation.
- the drinking and service water system is designed as a cold water system and has a connection 4 to the public water supply network.
- a supply line 6 is fed with fresh drinking water via connection 4 to the public water supply network.
- the supply line 6 supplies a consumer 8 connected to it with fresh drinking water.
- the consumer 8 can be realized by a kitchen sink, a washbasin, a shower, a bathtub or a toilet.
- the consumer 8 is connected to a circulation line 10 for returning unused drinking water.
- the circulation line 10 is assigned a cooling device 12 for cooling the unused drinking water and a circulation pump 14.
- the supply line 6, the circulation line 10, the cooling device 12 and the circulation pump 14 form a drinking water circuit.
- the circulation pump 14 circulates the drinking water in this drinking water circuit, while the cooling device 12 cools the drinking water.
- the cooling device 12 includes a heat exchanger 16, the secondary circuit of which is formed by the drinking water circuit.
- the primary circuit of the heat exchanger 16 is formed by a coolant circuit 18 which communicates with an evaporation device 20.
- Water evaporates in the evaporation device 20 and is drained from the drinking and service water system by a flushing valve 22 which is downstream of the consumer 8 in the direction of flow and is assigned to a flushing line 21 branching off from the circulation line and is fed to the evaporation device 20 via a feed line 24.
- a flushing valve 22 which is downstream of the consumer 8 in the direction of flow and is assigned to a flushing line 21 branching off from the circulation line and is fed to the evaporation device 20 via a feed line 24.
- heat is removed from the coolant.
- the water vapor created during evaporation is absorbed into the ambient air.
- the coolant circuit 18 is assigned a coolant circulation pump 26, which allows the coolant to circulate between the heat exchanger 16 and the evaporation device 20.
- the evaporation device 20 is here arranged outdoors.
- the first and second embodiments differ in how the water drained through the flush valve 22 is supplied to the evaporation device 20.
- the drinking and service water system includes a water tank 28 for temporary storage of the water through the flushing valve 22 drained water and a pump 30 that pumps water from the water tank 28 into the evaporation device 20.
- the pump 30 is operated predominantly in summer and only when outside temperatures are higher than 0°C, while the pump 30 is out of operation in winter when outside temperatures are approximately 0°C or less.
- a drain valve 32 of the water tank can remain open in winter.
- the drain valve 32 drains into a sewer line 34. This means that the water tank 28 can remain empty in winter. However, it can also remain filled and be automatically emptied from time to time.
- the flushing valve 22 and the drain valve 32 are each assigned a free outlet 36 above a drainage object in accordance with DIN EN 1717.
- the second exemplary embodiment shown differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the water drained through the flushing valve 22 is not temporarily stored. Instead, the flush valve 22 drains the water directly into the evaporation device 20.
- the flushing valve 22 is preferably designed as a two-way valve, so that the flushing valve 22 can also drain water directly into the wastewater line 34 if, for example, there is no need for cooling.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Trink- und Brauchwassersystem, das als Kaltwassersystem ausgebildet ist und einen Anschluss an das öffentliche Wasserversorgungsnetz aufweist. Über den Anschluss an das öffentliche Wasserversorgungsnetz wird zumindest eine zu mindestens einem Verbraucher führende Versorgungsleitung mit frischem Wasser gespeist. Unverbrauchtes Wasser wird in einer Zirkulationsleitung und mit einer der Zirkulationsleitung zugeordneten Zirkulationspumpe rückgeführt und in einer Kühleinrichtung gekühlt. Zum Ablassen von Wasser aus dem Trink- und Brauchwassersystem ist ein dem Verbraucher in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagertes Spülventil vorgesehen.The present invention relates to a drinking and service water system that is designed as a cold water system and has a connection to the public water supply network. At least one supply line leading to at least one consumer is fed with fresh water via the connection to the public water supply network. Unused water is returned in a circulation line and with a circulation pump assigned to the circulation line and cooled in a cooling device. To drain water from the drinking and service water system, a flushing valve is provided downstream of the consumer in the direction of flow.
Ein solches Trink- und Brauchwassersystem ist beispielsweise aus
Aus
Bei dem aus
Die vorbekannte Bereitstellung von möglichst keimfreiem Trink- und Brauchwasser lässt Raum zur Verbesserung. So will die vorliegende Erfindung ein Trink- und Brauchwassersystem der eingangs genannten Art mit reduzierten Betriebskosten angeben.The previously known provision of drinking and industrial water that is as germ-free as possible leaves room for improvement. The present invention aims to provide a drinking and service water system of the type mentioned at the beginning with reduced operating costs.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde ein effizienteres Trink- und Brauchwassersystem zur Bereitstellung von möglichst keimfreiem Trink- und Brauchwasser anzugeben.The present invention is based on the object of specifying a more efficient drinking and industrial water system for providing drinking and industrial water that is as germ-free as possible.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Trink- und Brauchwassersystem mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 vor. Dieses zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Kühleinrichtung zur Kühlung durch Verdunsten von aus dem Trink- und Brauchwassersystem abgelassenem Wasser angepasst ausgebildet ist. Dadurch erfährt das im Stand der Technik ungenutzt entsorgte Wasser einen Nutzen zur Kühlung des Trinkwassers und es wird elektrische Energie zur Kühlung des Trinkwassers eingespart. Die beim Verdunsten entstehende Verdunstungskälte wird zum Kühlen des Trinkwassers genutzt.To solve this problem, the present invention proposes a drinking and service water system with the features of claim 1. This is characterized by the fact that the cooling device is designed to cool by evaporating water drained from the drinking and service water system. As a result, the water that was disposed of unused in the prior art is used for cooling the drinking water and electrical energy for cooling the drinking water is saved. The evaporation cold created during evaporation is used to cool the drinking water.
Die Zirkulationsleitung des Trink- und Brauchwassersystems mündet in der Regel wieder in die Versorgungsleitung. So kann das Trinkwasser in dem Trink- und Brauchwassersystem bei ausbleibendem Zapfvorgang des Verbrauchers zirkulieren und eine Keimbildung durch stehendes Wasser vermieden werden. Die Kühleinrichtung kühlt das Wasser in der Regel auf Temperaturen unter 25°C und bevorzugt unter 20°C, um eine Bildung oder Vermehrung von Legionellen und anderen Keimen, die in einem zwischen 25°C und 55°C liegenden Temperaturbereich begünstigt ist, zu vermeiden.The circulation line of the drinking and service water system usually flows back into the supply line. In this way, the drinking water can circulate in the drinking and service water system when the consumer is not tapping and germ formation due to standing water can be avoided. The cooling device usually cools the water to temperatures below 25°C and preferably below 20°C in order to avoid the formation or proliferation of legionella and other germs, which is favored in a temperature range between 25°C and 55°C .
Die Zirkulationsströmung ist in der Regel geringer als eine durch einen Zapfvorgang eines Verbrauchers ausgelöste Versorgungsströmung. Die Zirkulationsleitung hat dementsprechend bevorzugt einen um zumindest einen Nenndurchmesser-Sprung kleineren Nenndurchmesser als die Versorgungsleitung. Die Zirkulationsleitung kann beispielsweise einen Nenndurchmesser von DN 15 oder kleiner und die Versorgungsleitung einen Nenndurchmesser von DN 20 oder größer haben.The circulation flow is generally lower than a supply flow triggered by a consumer's tapping process. The circulation line accordingly preferably has a nominal diameter that is at least one step smaller than the supply line. The circulation line can, for example, have a nominal diameter of DN 15 or smaller and the supply line can have a nominal diameter of
Vorzugsweise wird zeitgesteuert, verbrauchs- oder temperaturabhängig Wasser aus dem Trink- und Brauchwassersystem über das Spülventil abgelassen und durch frisches Wasser aus dem öffentlichen Wasserversorgungsnetz ersetzt. In der Regel ist eine Steuerungseinheit vorgesehen, die steuerungsmäßig mit dem Spülventil verbunden ist. Das Spülventil ist üblicherweise einer von der Zirkulationsleitung abzweigenden Spülleitung zugeordnet.Preferably, time-controlled, consumption or temperature-dependent water is drained from the drinking and service water system via the flushing valve and replaced with fresh water from the public water supply network. As a rule, a control unit is provided which is connected to the flushing valve in terms of control. The flushing valve is usually assigned to a flushing line branching off from the circulation line.
Nach einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst die Kühleinrichtung einen vorzugsweise dem Abzweig zu der Spülleitung in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagert angeordneten Wärmeübertrager, der mit einem Kühlmittelkreislauf verbunden ist, der mit einer Verdunstungsvorrichtung kommuniziert, in der das abgelassene Wasser durch Verdunsten dem Kühlmittel Wärme entzieht. Die so abgeführte Wärme wird durch das verdunstete Wasser an die Umgebung abgegeben.According to a preferred development of the present invention, the cooling device comprises a heat exchanger which is preferably arranged downstream of the branch to the flushing line in the flow direction and which is connected to a coolant circuit which communicates with an evaporation device in which the drained water removes heat from the coolant by evaporation. The heat dissipated in this way is released into the environment through the evaporated water.
Der Wärmeübertrager ist in der Regel mit einem Rücklaufanschluss für das Einleiten von aus der Zirkulationsleitung zurückgeführtem Trinkwasser und einem Vorlaufanschluss für die Abgabe des gekühlten Trinkwassers versehen. Der Vorlaufanschluss ist direkt oder indirekt mit der Versorgungsleitung verbunden. Für gewöhnlich bilden die Versorgungsleitung, die Zirkulationsleitung und die Kühleinrichtung einen Trinkwasserkreislauf zur Zirkulation und Kühlung des Trinkwassers. Der Wärmeübertrager hat in der Regel einen separaten Rücklaufanschluss und einen separaten Vorlaufanschluss für das Kühlmittel. Vorzugsweise bildet der Kühlmittelkreislauf den Primärkreislauf des Wärmeübertragers und der Trinkwasserkreislauf den Sekundärkreislauf des Wärmeübertragers. Der Wärmeübertrager kann als Plattenwärmeübertrager ausgebildet sein.The heat exchanger is usually provided with a return connection for the introduction of drinking water returned from the circulation line and a flow connection for the delivery of the cooled drinking water. The flow connection is connected directly or indirectly to the supply line. The supply line usually forms the circulation line and the cooling device has a drinking water circuit for circulating and cooling the drinking water. The heat exchanger usually has a separate return connection and a separate flow connection for the coolant. Preferably, the coolant circuit forms the primary circuit of the heat exchanger and the drinking water circuit forms the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can be designed as a plate heat exchanger.
Die Verdunstungsvorrichtung ist bevorzugt als auf der Verdunstungskühlung beruhende Kältemaschine ausgebildet. Dabei wird dem Kühlmittel durch die Verdunstung des abgelassenen Wassers Energie in Form von Wärme entzogen.The evaporation device is preferably designed as a refrigeration machine based on evaporative cooling. Energy is removed from the coolant in the form of heat through the evaporation of the drained water.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Trink- und Brauchwassersystem wird bevorzugt ein Wasser/Glykol-Gemisch als Kühlmittel verwendet. Damit ist die Funktionalität des Kühlmittels im Winter bei Temperaturen unter 0°C sichergestellt. Im Übrigen muss ein den Kühlmittelkreislauf in Betrieb nehmender Installateur keine besondere Qualifikation zur Handhabung von gesundheitsgefährdenden oder die Umgebung beeinträchtigenden Kühlmitteln (Kältemittelschein) aufweisen. Darüber hinaus wird Glykol in der Flüssigkeitsklasse 3 geführt, sodass der Wärmeübertrager lediglich einwandig das zu kühlende Trinkwasser von dem Kühlmittel trennen muss. Dadurch reduzieren sich die Baugröße und die Kosten für die Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers. Weiterhin wird dadurch die Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Kühlmittelkreislauf und dem Trinkwasserkreislauf innerhalb des Wärmeübertragers verbessert.In the drinking and service water system according to the invention, a water/glycol mixture is preferably used as a coolant. This ensures the functionality of the coolant in winter at temperatures below 0°C. Furthermore, an installer who puts the coolant circuit into operation does not need to have any special qualifications for handling coolants that are harmful to health or have an adverse effect on the environment (refrigerant certificate). In addition, glycol is in liquid class 3, so that the heat exchanger only has to separate the drinking water to be cooled from the coolant with a single wall. This reduces the size and the costs of manufacturing the heat exchanger. Furthermore, this improves the heat transfer between the coolant circuit and the drinking water circuit within the heat exchanger.
In der Regel ist dem Kühlmittelkreislauf eine Kühlmittel-Zirkulationspumpe zur Zirkulation des Kühlmittels zwischen dem Wärmeübertrager und der Verdunstungsvorrichtung zugeordnet.As a rule, the coolant circuit is assigned a coolant circulation pump for circulating the coolant between the heat exchanger and the evaporation device.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verdunstungsvorrichtung zur Abgabe von verdunstetem Wasser an die Umgebung angeordnet. Dabei wird der bei der Verdunstung entstehende Wasserdampf von der Umgebungsluft aufgenommen. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der Umgebungsluft um Luft von draußen. Insbesondere kann die Verdunstungsvorrichtung im Freien oder in einem Gewächshaus vorgesehen sein.According to a further preferred development of the present invention, the evaporation device is arranged to release evaporated water into the environment. The water vapor created during evaporation is absorbed into the ambient air. The ambient air is preferably air from outside. In particular, the evaporation device can be provided outdoors or in a greenhouse.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst das Trink- und Brauchwassersystem einen Wassertank zur Zwischenspeicherung von abgelassenem Wasser und eine Pumpe, die Wasser aus dem Wassertank in die Verdunstungsvorrichtung pumpt.According to a further preferred development of the present invention, the drinking and service water system comprises a water tank for temporarily storing drained water and a pump that pumps water from the water tank into the evaporation device.
Der Kühlungsbedarf des Trinkwassers unterliegt natürlichen Schwankungen, insbesondere durch die unterschiedlichen Temperaturen im Verlauf der Jahreszeiten. Beispielsweise kann der Kühlungsbedarf im Sommer am höchsten sein, während im Winter üblicherweise kein oder wenig Kühlungsbedarf anliegt. So wird der Wassertank bevorzugt überwiegend im Sommer zum Einsatz kommen, um stets genug abgelassenes Wasser für die Verdunstungsvorrichtung vorrätig zu halten und den Kühlungsbedarf zu bedienen. Unter Umständen kann der Kühlungsbedarf sogar im Winter größer sein, wenn die Trinkwasserrohre teilweise in der Nähe der Heizungsrohre verlegt sind und sich das Trinkwasser dadurch erwärmen kann. Im Winter kann das Kühlmittel in der Verdunstungsvorrichtung zusätzlich oder ausschließlich durch kalte Luft, vorzugsweise kalte Außenluft, gekühlt werden. Insbesondere wenn die Temperaturen der Umgebungsluft der Verdunstungsvorrichtung ca. 0°C erreichen oder unterschreiten, wird kein Wasser der Verdunstungsvorrichtung zugeführt, um eine Beschädigung der Verdunstungsvorrichtung durch Vereisung zu vermeiden.The cooling requirements of drinking water are subject to natural fluctuations, particularly due to the different temperatures over the seasons. For example, the cooling requirement may be highest in summer, while there is usually little or no cooling requirement in winter. The water tank is preferably used primarily in summer in order to always have enough drained water available for the evaporation device and to meet the cooling needs. Under certain circumstances, the cooling requirement can even be greater in winter if the drinking water pipes are partially installed close to the heating pipes and the drinking water can heat up as a result. In winter, the coolant in the evaporation device can be cooled additionally or exclusively by cold air, preferably cold outside air. In particular, if the temperatures of the ambient air of the evaporation device reach or fall below approximately 0 ° C, no water is supplied to the evaporation device in order to avoid damage to the evaporation device due to icing.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der Wassertank einen zusätzlichen Anschluss zum Einleiten von Regenwasser. In bzw. vor einer Periode heißer Tage kann dieser Anschluss geöffnet werden, um Kühlungsbedarf-Spitzen besser abdecken zu können. Im Winter kann der Mechanismus zur Verdunstung von Wasser in der Verdunstungsvorrichtung außer Betrieb gesetzt werden und das über das Spülventil abgelassene Wasser kann wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt durch eine Abwasserleitung entsorgt werden. Sofern auch im Winter eine Kühlung des Trinkwassers erfolgen soll bzw. notwendig ist, kann das Kühlmittel durch die kalte Luft von draußen und aufgrund der niedrigeren Temperatur der Außenluft gekühlt werden.The water tank preferably includes an additional connection for introducing rainwater. During or before a period of hot days, this connection can be opened to better cover peak cooling requirements. In winter, the mechanism for evaporating water in the evaporation device can be put out of operation and the water drained via the flush valve can be disposed of through a sewer pipe as is known in the art. If the drinking water needs to be cooled or is necessary in winter, the coolant can be cooled by the cold air from outside and due to the lower temperature of the outside air.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das Trinkund Brauchwassersystem eine Umschaltvorrichtung zum Umschalten zwischen einem Sommerkühlmodus, in welchem Kühlmittel durch Verdunsten von abgelassenem Wasser Wärme entzogen wird, und einem Winterkühlmodus, in welchem Kühlmittel durch kalte Außenluft gekühlt wird, auf.According to a further preferred development of the present invention, the drinking and service water system has a switching device for switching between a summer cooling mode, in which heat is removed from coolant by evaporation of drained water, and a winter cooling mode, in which coolant is cooled by cold outside air.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst das Trink- und Brauchwassersystem eine steuerungsmäßig mit dem Spülventil verbundene Steuerungseinheit mit einem temperaturgeregelten Spülmodus, in welchem eine gemessene Wassertemperatur im Kaltwassersystem als Regelgröße zur Steuerung des Spülventils verwendet wird, und/oder mit einem Spülmengen-gesteuerten Spülmodus, in welchem eine gemessene über das Spülventil aus dem Kaltwassersystem abgelassene Wassermenge als Regelgröße zur Steuerung des Spülventils verwendet wird, und/oder mit einem zeitgesteuerten Spülmodus, in welchem eine bestimmte Zeit oder eine Zeitspanne als Regelgröße zur Steuerung des Spülventils verwendet wird.According to a further preferred development of the present invention, the drinking and service water system comprises a control unit connected to the flushing valve with a temperature-controlled flushing mode, in which a measured water temperature in the cold water system is used as a controlled variable to control the flushing valve, and/or with a flushing quantity-controlled Flushing mode, in which a measured amount of water drained from the cold water system via the flushing valve is used as a controlled variable to control the flushing valve, and/or with a time-controlled flushing mode, in which a specific time or a period of time is used as a controlled variable to control the flushing valve.
Es können mehrere der genannten Modi der Steuerungseinheit gleichzeitig aktiviert sein. Beispielsweise kann die Steuerungseinheit das Spülventil bei aktiviertem zeitgesteuerten Modus immer zu einer bestimmten Tages- oder Nachtzeit ansteuern. Bei aktiviertem temperaturgeregeltem Spülmodus kann die Steuerungseinheit das Spülventil ansteuern, wenn bzw. sobald eine gemessene Wassertemperatur des Kaltwassersystems eine vorgegebene Solltemperatur unterschreitet. Bei aktiviertem Spülmengen-geregeltem Modus kann die Steuerungseinheit das Spülventil ansteuern, wenn bzw. sobald eine in einem bestimmten Zeitintervall gemessene durch das Spülventil aus dem Kaltwassersystem abgelassene Wassermenge eine vorgegebene Sollmenge unterschreitet.Several of the control unit modes mentioned can be activated at the same time. For example, the control unit can always control the flushing valve at a specific time of day or night when the time-controlled mode is activated. When the temperature-controlled flushing mode is activated, the control unit can control the flushing valve if or as soon as a measured water temperature of the cold water system falls below a predetermined target temperature. When the flushing quantity-controlled mode is activated, the control unit can control the flushing valve if or as soon as a value measured in a certain time interval by the The amount of water drained from the cold water system via the flushing valve falls below a predetermined target amount.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. In dieser zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels und
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment and
- Fig. 2
- a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment.
Die
Der Verbraucher 8 ist mit einer Zirkulationsleitung 10 zur Rückführung von unverbrauchtem Trinkwasser verbunden. Der Zirkulationsleitung 10 ist eine Kühleinrichtung 12 zum Kühlen des unverbrauchten Trinkwassers und eine Zirkulationspumpe 14 zugeordnet. Die Versorgungsleitung 6, die Zirkulationsleitung 10, die Kühleinrichtung 12 und die Zirkulationspumpe 14 bilden einen Trinkwasserkreislauf. Die Zirkulationspumpe 14 wälzt das Trinkwasser in diesem Trinkwasserkreislauf um, während die Kühleinrichtung 12 das Trinkwasser kühlt.The
Die Kühleinrichtung 12 umfasst einen Wärmeübertrager 16, dessen Sekundärkreislauf durch den Trinkwasserkreislauf gebildet ist. Der Primärkreislauf des Wärmeübertragers 16 ist durch einen Kühlmittelkreislauf 18 gebildet, der mit einer Verdunstungsvorrichtung 20 kommuniziert. In der Verdunstungsvorrichtung 20 verdunstet Wasser, das durch ein dem Verbraucher 8 in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagertes und einer von der Zirkulationsleitung abzweigenden Spülleitung 21 zugeordnetes Spülventil 22 aus dem Trink- und Brauchwassersystem abgelassen und über eine Einspeiseleitung 24 der Verdunstungsvorrichtung 20 zugeführt wird. Bei der Verdunstung wird dem Kühlmittel Wärme entzogen. Der bei der Verdunstung entstehende Wasserdampf wird von der Umgebungsluft aufgenommen.The
Dem Kühlmittelkreislauf 18 ist eine Kühlmittel-Zirkulationspumpe 26 zugeordnet, die das Kühlmittel zwischen dem Wärmeübertrager 16 und der Verdunstungsvorrichtung 20 zirkulieren lässt. Die Verdunstungsvorrichtung 20 ist vorliegend im Freien angeordnet.The
Das erste und das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheiden sich darin, wie das durch das Spülventil 22 abgelassene Wasser der Verdunstungsvorrichtung 20 zugeführt wird.The first and second embodiments differ in how the water drained through the
Gemäß dem in
Das in
- 22
- GebäudeBuilding
- 44
- Anschluss an das öffentliche WasserversorgungsnetzConnection to the public water supply network
- 66
- Versorgungsleitungsupply line
- 88th
- Verbraucherconsumer
- 1010
- ZirkulationsleitungCirculation line
- 1212
- KühleinrichtungCooling device
- 1414
- ZirkulationspumpeCirculation pump
- 1616
- WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
- 1818
- KühlmittelkreislaufCoolant circuit
- 2020
- VerdunstungsvorrichtungEvaporation device
- 2121
- SpülleitungFlushing line
- 2222
- SpülventilFlush valve
- 2424
- Einspeiseleitungfeed line
- 2626
- Kühlmittel-ZirkulationspumpeCoolant circulation pump
- 2828
- Wassertankwater tank
- 3030
- Pumpepump
- 3232
- Ablassventildrain valve
- 3434
- Abwasserleitungsewer pipe
- 3636
- freier Auslauf über einem Entwässerungsgegenstandfree outlet over a drainage object
Claims (8)
- A potable and non-potable water system which is configured as a cold water system, having:a connection (4) to the public water supply mains, via which at least one supply line (6) which leads to at least one consumer (8) is fed with fresh water, a circulation line (10) and a circulation pump (14) arranged in the circulation line (10) for returning unconsumed water, a cooling means (12) for cooling the unconsumed water, and a flushing valve (22) which is located downstream from the consumer (8) in the direction of flow for discharging water from the potable and non-potable water system,characterised in that the cooling means (12) is configured to be adapted for cooling by evaporation of water discharged from the potable and non-potable water system.
- A potable and non-potable water system according to claim 1, characterised in that the cooling means (12) comprises a heat exchanger (16) which is connected to a coolant circuit (18) which communicates with an evaporation device (20) in which the discharged water gives off heat to the surroundings by evaporation.
- A potable and non-potable water system according to claim 2, characterised in that the flushing valve (22) is associated with a flushing line (21) which branches off from the circulation line (10), and in that the heat exchanger (16) is located downstream from the branch to the flushing line (21) in the direction of flow.
- A potable and non-potable water system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the evaporation device (20) is arranged to give off evaporated water to the surroundings, in particular is arranged in the open or in a greenhouse.
- A potable and non-potable water system according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterised by a water tank (28) for temporarily storing discharged water and a pump (30) which pumps water out of the water tank (28) into the evaporation device (20).
- A potable and non-potable water system according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the coolant circuit carries a water/glycol mixture as coolant.
- A potable and non-potable water system according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised by a switching device for switching between a summer cooling mode, in which heat is dissipated from coolant by evaporation of discharged water, and a winter cooling mode, in which coolant can be cooled by cold external air.
- A potable and non-potable water system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by a control unit, connected for control purposes to the flushing valve, having a temperature-controlled flushing mode, in which a measured water temperature in the cold water system is used as a controlled variable for controlling the flushing valve, and/or having a flushing mode controlled by flushing quantities, in which a measured quantity of water discharged from the cold water system via the flushing valve is used as a controlled variable for controlling the flushing valve, and/or having a time-controlled flushing mode in which a specific time or a time interval is used as a controlled variable for controlling the flushing valve.
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DE202021103213.8U DE202021103213U1 (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | Drinking and service water system |
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EP4105396A1 EP4105396A1 (en) | 2022-12-21 |
EP4105396B1 true EP4105396B1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
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EP22177803.8A Active EP4105396B1 (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2022-06-08 | Drinking and domestic water system |
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DE (1) | DE202021103213U1 (en) |
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DE10057578A1 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2002-05-23 | Herlt Sonnenenergiesysteme | Arrangement for airconditioning rooms and producing drinking water comprises solar collectors, a cooler unit and capillary mats for heating/cooling which are all connected to a heat storage unit |
DE102011010840B4 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2019-08-14 | Oventrop Gmbh & Co. Kg | Drinking or service water system |
CN111212950A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-05-29 | 维家技术有限及两合公司 | Drinking water supply system with drinking water quality monitoring, control method thereof and computer program |
DE202018005578U1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-03-04 | Gebr. Kemper Gmbh + Co. Kg Metallwerke | Drinking and process water system |
EP3670765A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-24 | Georg Fischer JRG AG | Water heater feed |
DE202019001121U1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-04-11 | Gebr. Kemper Gmbh + Co. Kg Metallwerke | Drinking water circulation device |
EP3800300A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-07 | Georg Fischer JRG AG | Drinking water guidance system |
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2021
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