EP4069243A1 - Polythérapie - Google Patents

Polythérapie

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Publication number
EP4069243A1
EP4069243A1 EP21738244.9A EP21738244A EP4069243A1 EP 4069243 A1 EP4069243 A1 EP 4069243A1 EP 21738244 A EP21738244 A EP 21738244A EP 4069243 A1 EP4069243 A1 EP 4069243A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound
formula
administered
combination
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21738244.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4069243A4 (fr
Inventor
May Ann LEE
Sugunavthi D/O SEPRAMANIAM
David M VIRSHUP
Babita MADAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore
National University of Singapore
Original Assignee
Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore
National University of Singapore
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, National University of Singapore filed Critical Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore
Publication of EP4069243A1 publication Critical patent/EP4069243A1/fr
Publication of EP4069243A4 publication Critical patent/EP4069243A4/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/502—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. cinnoline, phthalazine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
    • A61K31/522—Purines, e.g. adenine having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. hypoxanthine, guanine, acyclovir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to new chemical combinations and methods for their use in the treatment of cancer.
  • Cancer is typically treated with either chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. While often effective to destroy a significant amount of tumour cells, such therapies often leave behind a number of tumour cells that are resistant to the treatment. These resistant cells can proliferate to form new tumors that are then resistant to treatment.
  • chemotherapeutic drugs has on occasion given rise to multidrug resistant ('MDR') tumour cells.
  • Figitumumab (Pfizer) was developed to inhibit a specific growth factor (IGF-1R) for the treatment of lung cancer and it showed positive results in animal testing.
  • IGF-1R a specific growth factor
  • phase 3 trials combining Figitumumab with established DNA intercalating chemotherapy regimens (specifically carboplatin and paclitaxel) failed to improve survival, and in combination with one regimen increased serious adverse events and deaths to 21% compared to the 12% when using carboplatin or paclitaxel chemotherapy alone.
  • determining which combination of pathways to select to target a disease represents a challenge.
  • Wnts are a family of 19 evolutionarily conserved cysteine rich morphogens that interact with at least 15 different receptors and co-receptors to regulate a multitude of developmental and homeostatic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell polarity and cell fate determination during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
  • Wnts signal through both b-catenin- dependent and b-catenin-independent pathways.
  • Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway.
  • Dysregulation of Wnt signaling may result in a subset of cancers due to mutations in either upstream or downstream components.
  • Wnt signalling is one of the key oncogenic pathways in multiple cancers, and accordingly, targeting this pathway is an attractive therapeutic approach.
  • the present invention is predicated on the discovery that a particular Wnt modulator in combination with a PARP inhibitor provides unexpected and advantageous therapeutic effects.
  • an additive or synergistic effect is observed with a combination of the particular Wnt modulator with a PARP inhibitor.
  • a low dose of the Wnt modulator can be used.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical combination for treating cancer comprising (a) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof and (b) a PARP inhibitor.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating cancer including the step of administering to a patient in need thereof (a) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof and (b) a PARP inhibitor.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating cancer comprising the administration of an effective amount of (a) a compound of formula (I) in combination with an effective amount of (b) a PARP inhibitor.
  • the present invention also provides a use of: (a) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof and (b) a PARP inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
  • the present invention provides a use of: (a) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer to be used in combination with (b) a PARP inhibitor.
  • the present invention provides a use of: (b) a PARP inhibitor in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer to be used in combination with (a) a compound of formula (I) or a salt, solvate or prodrug thereof
  • the present invention further provides a combination, method or use wherein (a) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof and (b) a PARP inhibitor are added simultaneously or sequentially in any order.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof and (b) a PARP inhibitor.
  • the present invention provides a combination, method, use or composition wherein the PARP inhibitor is Olaparib.
  • Olaparib (AZD-2281; trade name Lynparza) developed by KuDOS Pharmaceuticals and AstraZeneca, is shown below as the compound of formula (II) and in the context of the present invention encompasses its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof
  • the present invention discloses a drug combination wherein the ratio of a EC50 value of compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof to a EC50 value of PARP inhibitor is from about 5:1 to about 1:5.
  • the disclosed combination is useful in treating cancer.
  • the cancer is characterised by abnormal, optionally high Wnt activity.
  • Wnt activity examples of such cancer, may be but not limited to, cervical, colon, breast, bladder, head and neck, gastric, lung, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, non- small-cell lung, mesothelioma, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Wilm’s tumor, medulloblastoma or cholangio-carcinoma.
  • the present invention discloses a drug combination wherein the ratio of a EC50 value of a compound of formula (I) to a EC50 value of a compound of formula (II) is from about 5:1 to about 1:5.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate for testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC 50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of a dose -response assay plate containing EGI-1 cells (Test 1) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of a dose -response assay plate containing EGI-1 cells (Test 2) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of a dose -response assay plate containing HPAF-II cells (Test 1) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 5 is an illustration of a dose -response assay plate containing HPAF-II cells (Test 2) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 6 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate containing MCAS cells (Test 1) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 7 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate containing MCAS cells (Test 2) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 8 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate containing CFPAC-1 cells (Test 1) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 9 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate containing CFPAC-1 cells (Test 2) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 10 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate containing TFK-1 cells (Test 1) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 11 is an illustration of a dose-response assay plate containing TFK-1 cells (Test 2) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 12 is an illustration of a dose -response assay plate containing PA-TU-8988T cells (Test 1) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 13 is an illustration of a dose -response assay plate containing PA-TU-8988T cells (Test 2) after testing compounds (alone and in combination) at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • ICso is the half maximal inhibitory concentration of a substance where the response (or binding) is reduced by half. Accordingly, ICso is a measure of the effectiveness of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function. This quantitative measure indicates how much of a substance is needed to inhibit a given biological process (or component of a process, i.e. an enzyme, cell, cell receptor or microorganism) by half.
  • the substance may be an inhibitor.
  • the values are typically expressed as molar concentration.
  • One method of determining the ICso of a substance is by constructing a dose- response curve and examining the effect of different concentrations of antagonist on reversing agonist activity.
  • ICso values can be calculated for a given antagonist by determining the concentration needed to inhibit half of the maximum biological response of the agonist. ICso values can be used to compare the potency of two antagonists. ICso values are very dependent on conditions under which they are measured. In general, the higher the concentration of inhibitor, the more agonist activity will be lowered. ICso value increases as agonist concentration increases. Furthermore, depending on the type of inhibition other factors may influence ICso value. Such are known in the art.
  • ECso refers to the concentration of a substance where a response halfway between the baseline and maximum is induced. It is commonly used as a measure of a drug's potency.
  • the ECso of a graded dose response curve therefore represents the concentration of a substance where 50% of its maximal effect is observed.
  • the ECso of a quantal dose response curve represents the concentration of a compound where 50% of the population exhibit a response, after a specified exposure duration.
  • ECso is related to ICso which is a measure of a compound's inhibition (50% inhibition).
  • ICso is the most common summary measure of the dose-response curve. For agonist/stimulator assays the most common summary measure is the ECso.
  • a "modulator” is a molecule that can act as an inhibitor or an activator.
  • an "inhibitor” is a molecule that binds to a substrate and decreases its activity.
  • a substrate may be an enzyme. Blocking a substrate's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance.
  • the binding of an inhibitor can stop another molecule (biomolecule) from entering the substrate's active site and/or hinder the substrate from catalyzing its reaction.
  • Inhibitor binding is either reversible or irreversible. Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the substrate and change it chemically (e.g. via covalent bond formation). These inhibitors modify key amino acid residues needed for enzymatic activity. In contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and different types of inhibition are produced depending on the binding and complexation.
  • the inhibition may be competitive, uncompetitive, non-competitive or mixed.
  • inhibit refers to an act of decreasing a substrate's activity as described above. This action may be performed by a molecule which may be an inhibitor.
  • an “activator” is a molecule that binds to a substrate and increases its activity. They are the opposite of inhibitors.
  • cancer refers to a disease in which cells are growing and increasing in number uncontrollably.
  • the term broadly encompasses any neoplastic disease including those which are potentially malignant (pre-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The term therefore encompasses the treatment of tumours.
  • tumor refers to solid carcinomas and non-solid tumours.
  • carcinomas are melanomas, colon, lung, ovarian, skin, breast, pancreas, pharynx, brain prostate, CNS, and renal cancers.
  • non-solid tumour is hematological leukemias.
  • the combination may be used in the treatment of a cancer characterised by abnormal, optionally high Wnt activity.
  • a cancer characterised by abnormal, optionally high Wnt activity.
  • cancer may be hut are not limited to, cervical, colon, breast, bladder, head and neck, gastric, lung, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, non-small-cell lung, mesothelioma, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Wilm’s tumor, medulloblastoma or cholangio-carcinoma.
  • the invention provides a combination of (a) and (b) for the treatment of cervical, colon, breast, bladder, head and neck, gastric, lung, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, pancreatic adenocarcinoma or cholangio-carcinoma.
  • Wnt modulator refers to any and all compounds which can either enhance or inhibit Wnt signalling. Therefore, in the present context, a Wnt modulator can either act as an activator or an inhibitor, to either increase or decrease the activity of the Wnt pathway, respectively. In certain embodiments, the Wnt modulator is a Wnt inhibitor.
  • the invention relates specifically to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof: Wnts are a family of 19 evolutionarily conserved cysteine rich morphogens that interact with at least 15 different receptors and co-receptors to regulate a multitude of developmental and homeostatic processes.
  • Wnts signal through both b-catenin-dependent and b-catenin- independent pathways.
  • Three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway.
  • Dysregulation of Wnt signaling may result in a subset of cancers due to mutations in either upstream or downstream components.
  • Wnt signalling is one of the key oncogenic pathways in multiple cancers, and targeting this pathway is an attractive therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, aberrations that occur during cancer development and progression are hardly limited to a single pathway even within a given cancer type.
  • Wnt-addicted cells hijack and depend on constant stimulation of the Wnt pathway to promote their uncontrolled growth, survival and migration.
  • Wnt signaling can become independent of regular stimuli, through mutations in downstream oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that become permanently activated even though the normal receptor has not received a signal.
  • Canonical Wnt pathway activity is believed to be involved in the development of benign and malignant breast tumors. Its presence is revealed by elevated levels of b-catenin in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm, which can be detected with i mmunohi stochemi cal staining and Western blotting. Increased b-catenin expression is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
  • This accumulation may be due to factors such as mutations in b-catenin, deficiencies in the b-catenin destruction complex, most frequently by mutations in structurally disordered regions of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), overexpression of Wnt ligands, loss of inhibitors and/or decreased activity of regulatory pathways (such as the Wnt/calcium pathway).
  • APC adenomatous polyposis coli
  • Wnt ligands loss of inhibitors and/or decreased activity of regulatory pathways (such as the Wnt/calcium pathway).
  • EMT epithelial mesenchymal transition
  • Changes in CTNNB 1 expression which is the gene that encodes b-catenin, can be measured in breast, colorectal, melanoma, prostate, lung, and other cancers.
  • Wnt ligand- proteins such as Wnt 1, Wnt2 and Wnt7A was observed in the development of glioblastoma, oesophageal cancer and ovarian cancer, respectively.
  • Other proteins that cause multiple cancer types in the absence of proper functioning include ROR1, ROR2, SFRP4, Wnt5A, WIFI and those of the TCF/LEF family.
  • the compound of formula (I) can treat Wnt-driven proliferative diseases by targeting the level of secretion of Wnts via inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Porcupine (PORCN), an endoplasmic reticulum resident enzyme that post-translationally palmitoleates Wnts at a highly conserved serine residue.
  • PORCN Porcupine
  • PORCN is a membrane-bound O-acyltansferase that palmitoleates Wnts, a process which is essential for Wnt secretion and function. It is believed that this palmitoleation of Wnts is essential for their secretion and binding to the Frizzled receptors.
  • Inhibiting the PORCN enzymatic activity offers an advantage of overcoming the limitations of b-catenin inhibitors that can only block the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Another advantage is overcoming the anti-Frizzled antibodies that are limited in their ability to target all the Frizzled receptors.
  • the inventors have further found that the inhibition of Wnt signaling using a compound of Formula (I) also reduces expression of DNA repair genes.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.25 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.5 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.75 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.25 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.5 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.75 times of its IC50 value.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 2 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 3 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 4 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 5 times of its IC50 value.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.25 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.5 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.75 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.25 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.5 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.75 times of its EC5 0 value.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 2 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 3 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 4 times of its EC5 0 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 5 times of its EC5 0 value.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.001 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.002 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.005 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.007 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.008 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.01 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.015 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.02 pM.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.025 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.027 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.03 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.05 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.07 m M. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.1 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.15 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.2 mM.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.25 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.29 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.3 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.5 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.7 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 0.9 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.1 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 1.5 pM.
  • compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 2 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 4 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 6 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 8 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 10 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 12 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 14 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 24 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 36 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 48 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (I) may be administered at about 60 pM.
  • PARP inhibitor is an inhibitor that acts on the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).
  • PARP poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
  • Examples of known PARP inhibitors are Niraparib (MK-4827), Olaparib and Rucaparib.
  • BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 are proteins that are important for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks by the error-free homologous recombinational repair pathway. When the gene for any one of these proteins is mutated, the change can lead to errors in DNA repair that can eventually cause breast cancer. When subjected to enough damage at one time, the altered gene can cause the death of the cells.
  • PARP detects the single-stranded DNA breaks and activates the repair mechanism. Hence, when a PARP inhibitor is introduced, the repair is stalled and eventually causes further breaks and genomic instability leading to cell death.
  • PARP inhibitors are thought to work by blocking the DNA repair function of members of the PARP family of proteins, leading ultimately to cancer cell death.
  • some cancer cells that lack the tumor suppressor PTEN may be sensitive to PARP inhibitors because of downregulation of Rad51, a critical homologous recombination component.
  • PARP inhibitors may be effective against many PTEN-defective tumours (e.g. some aggressive prostate cancers). Cancer cells that are low in oxygen (e.g. in fast growing tumors) are sensitive to PARP inhibitors.
  • PARP inhibitors may be categorized according to their potency to trap PARP, in addition to their ability to inhibit DNA repair. These trapped PARP complexes are believed to be toxic to the cells.
  • the PARP proteins By binding the PARP inhibitor to PARP, the PARP proteins are localised at sites of DNA damage.
  • the trapped PARP protein-DNA complexes are highly toxic to cells because they block DNA replication.
  • the PARP family of proteins in humans includes PARP1 and PARP2, which are DNA binding and repair proteins. When activated by DNA damage, these proteins recruit other proteins that do the actual work of repairing DNA. Under normal conditions, PARP1 and PARP2 are released from DNA once the repair process is underway. However, when they are bound to PARP inhibitors, PARP1 and PARP2 become trapped on DNA. Trapped PARP-DNA complexes are more toxic to cells than the unrepaired single-strand DNA breaks that accumulate in the absence of PARP activity, suggesting that PARP inhibitors may also act as PARP poisons.
  • the PARP inhibitor is selected from the group comprising Niraparib (MK-4827), Olaparib and Rucaparib. In certain embodiments, the PARP inhibitor is
  • Olaparib (AZD-2281; bade name Lynparza) is shown below as the compound of formula (II) and in the context of the present invention encompasses its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof
  • compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.25 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.5 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.75 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1.25 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1.5 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1.75 times of its IC50 value.
  • compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 2 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 3 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 4 times of its IC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 5 times of its IC50 value. In some embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.25 times of its EC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.5 times of its EC50 value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.75 times of its EC50 value.
  • compound of formula (II) may be administered at about its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1.25 times of its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1.5 times of its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1.75 times of its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 2 times of its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 3 times of its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 4 times of its ECso value. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 5 times of its ECso value.
  • compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.1 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.25 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.5 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 0.75 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 1 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 2 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 3 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 4 pM.
  • compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 5 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 6 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 8 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 9 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 10 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 12 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 14 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 16 pM.
  • compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 18 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 20 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 30 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 40 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 50 pM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 75 m M. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 100 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 125 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 150 mM. In other embodiments, compound of formula (II) may be administered at about 175 mM.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to salts of pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, nitric, carbonic, boric, sulfamic, and hydrobromic acids, or salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, tartaric, maleic, hydroxymaleic, fumaric, maleic, citric, lactic, mucic, gluconic, benzoic, succinic, oxalic, phenylacetic, methanesulphonic, toluenesulphonic, benezenesulphonic, salicyclic sulphanilic, aspartic, glutamic, edetic, stearic, palmitic, oleic, lauric, pantothenic, tannic, ascorbic and valeric acids.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, nitric
  • Base salts include, but are not limited to, those formed with pharmaceutically acceptable cations, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium and alkylammonium.
  • the present invention includes within its scope cationic salts eg sodium or potassium salts, or alkyl esters (eg methyl, ethyl) of the phosphate group.
  • prodrug is used in its broadest sense and encompasses those derivatives that are converted in vivo to a compound of the invention (for instance, a compound of formulae I). Such derivatives would readily occur to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, compounds where a free amino group is converted into an amide (e.g., a-aminoacid amide).
  • Procedures for esterifying, eg. acylating, the compounds are well known in the art and may include treatment of the compound with an appropriate carboxylic acid, anhydride or chloride in the presence of a suitable catalyst or base.
  • the prodrug may be prepared in accordance with the methodology described in Pettit, G. R., et al, Anticancer Drug Des., 1995, 10, 299.
  • Other texts which generally describe prodrugs (and the preparation thereof) include: Design of Prodrugs, 1985, H. Bundgaard (Elsevier); The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, 1996, Camille G. Wermuth et al, Chapter 31 (Academic Press); and A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, 1991, Bundgaard et al, Chapter 5, (Harwood Academic Publishers).
  • the compounds of formula I and/or II may be in crystalline form either as the free compound or as a solvate (e.g. hydrate) and it is intended that both forms are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Methods of solvation are generally known within the art.
  • partners (a) and (b) work in combination to better effect cancer cell death or senescence.
  • the inhibition of Wnt signalling using a compound of Formula (I) downregulates expression of DNA repair genes.
  • PARP inhibition selectively induces cell death in cancer cells by blocking DNA repair mechanisms. It is postulated that the combination of a PARP inhibitor forming a complex with the DNA strand and a Wnt modulator acting on PORCN reduces inter- and intra-cell signalling to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells, thereby yielding a beneficial additive or synergistic effect. Accordingly, the non-selective and non-specific effect of each individual inhibitor is reduced.
  • PARP-1 overexpression appears to be positively correlated with the overexpression of b-catenin.
  • PARP-1 is also believed to be a co-enhancer of b-catenin-evoked gene transcription. It is postulated that PARP-1 can influence the downstream activities of the WNT pathway. Accordingly, by targeting the WNT pathway with two different inhibitors (PARP and PORCN), it is envisioned that at least a combinatory (additive or synergistic) effect can be achieved.
  • partner (a) is administered before partner (b). In other embodiments, partner (a) is administered concurrently with partner (b). In other embodiments, partner (a) is administered at least 2 h before partner (b). In other embodiments, partner (a) is administered at least 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, or 56 h before partner (b).
  • the combination treatment using a compound of Formula (I) with a PARP inhibitor would reduce the dose of each inhibitor to be administered, thereby reducing the potential non-selective and non-specific effects of each individual inhibitor.
  • the present invention therefore provides a method of treating tumours comprising the administration of an effective amount of (a) a compound of formula (I) in combination with an effective amount of (b) a PARP inhibitor.
  • the combination of (a) a compound of formula (I), and (b) PARP inhibitor is found to have a synergistic effect.
  • the combination of (a) compound of formula (I) and (b) compound of formula (II) yields a synergistic effect. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the combination comprises (a) a compound of formula (I) and (b) a compound of formula (II).
  • the present invention therefore also provides a method of treating tumours comprising the administration of an effective amount of (a) a compound of formula (I) in combination with an effective amount of (b) a compound of formula (II).
  • PARP inhibitors may also provide an additive or synergistic effect on combination.
  • PARP inhibitors are Niraparib and Rucaparib.
  • the combination was found to have a synergistic effect against cell lines associated with pancreatic, ovarian and cholangio-carcinomas.
  • the combination index values obtained using the Compusyn software were found to be less than 0.9, indicating that the combination is synergistic (wherein a value of ⁇ 0.9 is indicative of synergism).
  • the combination was found to be effective in inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth.
  • the cell lines are treated with individual drugs at concentrations up to 10-100uM.
  • the IC50 and EC50 values for each combination partner (a) and (b) with the specific cell lines are determined from the response plot.
  • a dose-response assay for each combination partner and the combination at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each combination partner was performed.
  • Computed EC50-EC95 values were then generated by a software (as disclosed herein) based on the drug concentration and the respective colony growth numbers.
  • the present invention discloses a ratio of a EC50 value of compound of formula (I) to a EC50 value of compound of formula (II), wherein the ratio is from about 5: 1 to about 1:5. In another embodiment, the ratio is from about 4:1 to about 1:4. In another embodiment, the ratio is from about 3:1 to about 1:3. In another embodiment, the ratio is from about 2:1 to about 1:2. In certain embodiments, the ratio is about 1:1.
  • the ratio of a EC50 value of compound of formula (I) to a EC50 value of compound of formula (II) is about 5:1. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 4:1. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 3:1. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 2:1. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 1:1. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 1:2. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 1:3. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 1:4. In another embodiment, the ratio is about 1:5.
  • both compounds are each administered at a different IC50 value.
  • compound of formula (I) can be administered at about 0.5 times its IC50 value while compound of formula (II) can be administered at about 0.25 times its IC50 value.
  • both compounds are each administered at about 0.25 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 0.5 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 0.75 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each admini tered at about 1.0 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds each administered at about 1.25 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 1.5 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 1.75 times their respective IC50 value.
  • both compounds are each administered at about 2.0 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 3.0 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 4.0 times their respective IC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 5.0 times their respective IC50 value.
  • both compounds are each administered at about 0.25 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 0.5 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 0.75 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 1.0 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds each administered at about 1.25 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 1.5 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 1.75 times their respective EC50 value.
  • both compounds are each administered at about 2.0 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 3.0 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 4.0 times their respective EC50 value. In other embodiments, both compounds are each administered at about 5.0 times their respective EC50 value. In another embodiment, both compounds are each administered at a different factor of their respective EC50 value.
  • an “effective amount” is intended to mean that the amount of each combination partner, when administered to a mammal (in particular a human) in need of such treatment, is sufficient to effect treatment for a particular cancer.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of combination partner (a) may be a quantity sufficient to synergise or potentiate the activity of the PARP inhibitor (or vice versa ) such that a targeted disease is reduced or alleviated. It may also be an amount that provides an additive effect.
  • This may include at least partially attaining the desired effect, or delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progression of, or halting or reversing altogether the onset or progression of the particular disease (e.g., tumour) being treated.
  • a particular disease e.g., tumour
  • Clinical studies such as open-label, dose escalation studies in patients with cancers may include studies to prove the synergism of the active ingredients of the combination.
  • the beneficial and/or synergistic effects can be determined directly through the results of these studies which are known as such to a person skilled in the art. These studies are also able to compare the effects of a monotherapy using the active ingredients and a combination of the invention.
  • the dose of combination partner (a) may be escalated until the Maximum Tolerated Dosage (MTD) is reached, and agent (b) is administered as a fixed dose.
  • combination partner (a) is administered in a fixed dose and the dose of agent (b) is escalated.
  • Each patient may receive doses of agent (a) either daily or intermittently.
  • the efficacy of the treatment can be determined in such studies, e.g., after 6, 12, 18 or 24 weeks by evaluation of symptom scores every 9 weeks.
  • the administration of the pharmaceutical combination of the present invention may result not only in a beneficial effect, e.g., an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect, for instance, with regard to alleviating, delaying progression of or inhibiting the symptoms, but also in further surprising beneficial effects.
  • a beneficial effect e.g., an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect, for instance, with regard to alleviating, delaying progression of or inhibiting the symptoms, but also in further surprising beneficial effects.
  • Such other effects may include fewer side effects, an improved quality of life or a decreased morbidity, compared with a monotherapy applying only one of the pharmaceutically active ingredients used in the combination of the present invention.
  • a further benefit of the invention is that lower doses of the active ingredients of the combination can be used.
  • the dosages need not only be smaller but may also be applied less frequently, which may diminish the incidence or severity of side effects.
  • combination partners (a) and (b) may be administered together, one after the other or separately in one combined unit dosage form or in two separate unit dosage forms.
  • the unit dosage form may also be a fixed combination such as a pharmaceutical composition which comprises both partner (a) (or a salt, solvate or prodrug thereof) and partner (b).
  • a therapeutically effective amount of each of the combination partners of the combination of the invention may be administered simultaneously or sequentially in any order, and the components may be administered separately or as a fixed combination.
  • the method of preventing or treating cancers according to the invention may comprise: (i) administration of partner (a) in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form; and (ii) administration of partner (b) in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, simultaneously or sequentially in any order, in jointly therapeutically effective amounts, preferably in synergistically effective amounts, e.g., in daily or intermittent dosages corresponding to the amounts described herein.
  • the individual combination partners of the combination of the invention may be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or single combination forms.
  • the term administering also encompasses the use of a pro-drug of a combination partner that converts in vivo to the combination partner as such.
  • the present invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimens of simultaneous or alternating treatment and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly.
  • the combination partners may be presented as a "kit of parts" for use in the treatment of a cancer (e.g., tumour therapy).
  • the kit may comprise a package where the combination partners are supplied separately for co-administration with instructions for use in the particular therapy.
  • the effective dosage of each of the combination partners employed in the combination of the invention may vary depending on the particular compound or pharmaceutical composition employed, the mode of administration, the condition being treated and the severity of the condition being treated.
  • the dosage regimen of the combination of the invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including the route of administration and the renal and hepatic function of the patient.
  • a physician of ordinary skill can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the single active ingredients required to alleviate, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
  • Combination partner (a) and partner (b) may be administered by any conventional route, in particular enterally, e.g., orally, e.g., in the form of tablets, capsules, drink solutions or parenterally, e.g., in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions.
  • Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from about 0.02 to 50 mg of each active ingredient (combination partner (a) or (b)), or about 0.1 to 30 mg, or about 2 to 25 mg, or about 4 to 20 mg, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or carriers therefore.
  • Combination partner (b) may be administered to a human in a daily dosage range of 0.5 to 1000 mg.
  • Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from about 0.1 to 500 mg active ingredient, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or carriers therefore.
  • Methods and administration regimes for delivery of PARP inhibitors would be known to the skilled clinican.
  • an administration regime may include adding the Wnt modulator (e.g., compound of formula I) at an assigned dose level by I.V. on days 1 and 8 (of a 21 day cycle) where the PARP inhibitor (e.g., compound of formula II) is given as an oral daily dose (e.g., 10 mg/day).
  • the compound of formula (I) may be dosed at a level of between 2 to 24 mg/kg.
  • compound of formula (II) when compound of formula (II is adminisitered at about 100 mg to about 400 mg per dose, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 50 mg to about 2000 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 60 mg to about 1800 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 70 mg to about 1600 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 80 mg to about 1400 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 90 mg to about 1200 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 100 mg to about 1000 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 100 mg to about 800 mg per dose.
  • compound of formula (I) is administered at about 100 mg to about 600 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 100 mg to about 500 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 100 mg to about 400 mg per dose. In another embodiment, compound of formula (I) is administered at about 100 mg to about 300 mg per dose.
  • a pharmaceutical combination of the invention results not only in a beneficial effect, e.g., an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect, e.g., with regard to inhibiting the growth of tumors, but also in further surprising beneficial effects, e.g., fewer side effects, an improved quality of life or a decreased morbidity, compared to a monotherapy applying only one of the pharmaceutically active ingredients used in the combination of the invention.
  • Combinations of partners (a) and (b) may be combined, independently or together, with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and, optionally, one or more other conventional pharmaceutical adjuvants and administered enterally, e.g., orally, in the form of tablets, capsules, caplets, etc. or parenterally, e.g., intraperitoneally or intravenously, in the form of sterile injectable solutions or suspensions.
  • the enteral and parenteral compositions may be prepared by conventional means.
  • compositions for separate administration of combination partner (a) and partner (b) or for the administration in a fixed combination may be prepared in a manner known in the art and are those suitable for enteral, such as oral or rectal, and parenteral administration to mammals (warm-blooded animals), particularly humans, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one pharmacologically active combination partner alone, e.g., as indicated above, or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, especially suitable for enteral or parenteral application.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical compositions contain, e.g., from about 0.1% to about 99.9%, preferably from about 1 % to about 60%, of the active ingredient(s).
  • compositions of the invention may contain any suitable carriers, diluents or excipients. These include all conventional solvents, dispersion media, fillers, solid carriers, coatings, antifungal and antibacterial agents, dermal penetration agents, surfactants, isotonic and absorption agents and the like. It will be understood that the compositions of the invention may also include other supplementary physiologically active agents.
  • compositions include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration.
  • the compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the product.
  • compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • the active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste.
  • a tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder (e.g inert diluent), preservative disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycolate, cross- linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) surface-active or dispersing agent.
  • a binder e.g inert diluent
  • preservative disintegrant e.g. sodium starch glycolate, cross- linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • the tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release profile. Tablets may optionally be provided with an enteric coating, to provide release in parts of the gut other than the stomach.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavoured base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth gum; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatine and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia gum; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration to the skin may comprise the compounds dissolved or suspended in any suitable carrier or base and may be in the form of lotions, gel, creams, pastes, ointments and the like.
  • suitable carriers include mineral oil, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, emulsifying wax, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • Transdermal patches may also be used to administer the compounds of the invention.
  • compositions for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising, for example, cocoa butter, glycerin, gelatine or polyethylene glycol.
  • compositions suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing, in addition to the active ingredient, such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bactericides and solutes which render the composition isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • the compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, for example, ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilised) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or unit, daily sub-dose, as herein above described, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.
  • compositions of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of composition in question, for example, those suitable for oral administration may include such further agents as binders, sweeteners, thickeners, flavouring agents, disintegrating agents, coating agents, preservatives, lubricants and/or time delay agents.
  • suitable sweeteners include sucrose, lactose, glucose, aspartame or saccharine.
  • Suitable disintegrating agents include cornstarch, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, xanthan gum, bentonite, alginic acid or agar.
  • Suitable flavouring agents include peppermint oil, oil of wintergreen, cherry, orange or raspberry flavouring.
  • Suitable coating agents include polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and/or their esters, waxes, fatty alcohols, zein, shellac or gluten.
  • Suitable preservatives include sodium benzoate, vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, methyl paraben, propyl paraben or sodium bisulphite.
  • Suitable lubricants include magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium chloride or talc.
  • Suitable time delay agents include glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, water was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4, and concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The crude product is further purified by column chromatography.
  • Compound of formula (II) may be bought from Selleckchem (Olaparib; AZD2281, Ku- 0059436; Catalog N0.SIO6O).
  • Agar dissolve 3 grams of agar powder in 100 ml of milliQ water. Sterilize the agar by autoclaving and store it at room temperature.
  • Top Layer - 6 drug dose points Ox, 0.25x, 0.5x, lx, 2x and 4x IC50.
  • Row A& B Aliquot 250 m ⁇ of diluted Drug A per well
  • Row C&D Aliquot 250 m ⁇ of diluted Drug B per well
  • Row E& F Aliquot 250 m ⁇ of diluted Drug A and B mixed at 1:1 ratio for each well
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example of a dose-response assay plate for testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Mouse xenograft model were established by subcutaneous injection of HPAF-II cells in NSG mice. 5xl0 6 HPAF-II cells resuspended in 50% matrigel were used for injection. Mice were treated with compound of Formula (I) and/or Olaparib after establishment of tumors.
  • Compound of Formula (I) was formulated in 50% PEG-400 (vol/vol) in water and administerd by oral gavage at a dosing volume of 10 pL/g body weight. The tumor dimensions were measured with a caliper routinely, and the tumor volumes were calculated as 0.5 x length x width 2 . All mice were sacrified 8 hr after the last dosing.
  • Real time quantitative PCR was performed using SsoFast EvaGreen assay Supermix from BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA). EPN1 and ACTB were used as housekeeping genes. The primers used are listed in the Table below.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a dose -response assay plate containing EGI-1 cells (Test 1) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • EGI-1 is a cell line established from cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct adenocarcinoma).
  • Figure 3 illustrates a dose -response assay plate containing EGI-1 cells (Test 2) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the ICso values of each compound.
  • Figure 4 illustrates of a dose-response assay plate containing HPAF-II cells (Test 1) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • HPAF-II is a cell line established from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer).
  • HPAF-II Cells (Test 2)
  • Figure 5 illustrates of a dose-response assay plate containing HPAF-II cells (Test 2) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the ICso values of each compound.
  • Figure 6 illustrates of a dose-response assay plate containing MCAS cells (Test 1) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the ICso values of each compound.
  • MCAS is a cell line established from ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (ovarian cancer).
  • MCAS Cells (Test 2) Dose 0 G.SS475 1.5SS5 3.S70 7.35S 15.S16 Colo ny c ount 12S0 3S1 741 393 1SS SS
  • Figure 7 illustrates a dose-response assay plate containing MCAS cells (Test 2) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a dose-response assay plate containing CFPAC-1 cells (Test 1) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • CFPAC-1 is a cell line established from cystic fibrosis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
  • CFPAC-1 Cells (Test 2) Q!aparib Dose 0 1 5625 3.12:5 S.25 12.5 25
  • Figure 9 illustrates a dose-response assay plate containing CFPAC-1 cells (Test 2) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a dose -response assay plate containing TFK-1 cells (Test 1) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • TFK- 1 is a cell line established from cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct adenocarcinoma).
  • Figure 11 illustrates a dose -response assay plate containing TFK-1 cells (Test 2) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a dose-response assay plate containing PA-TU-8988T cells (Test 1) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • MCAS is a cell line established from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer).
  • PA-TU-8988T Cells (Test 2) Olaparib Dose 0 0.2525 0 505 1 01 2.02 4.04
  • Figure 13 illustrates a dose-response assay plate containing PA-TU-8988T cells (Test 2) after testing compounds at different concentrations based on the IC50 values of each compound.
  • Example 7 Inhibition of Wnt signalling reduces Expression of DNA repair genes Inhibition of Wnt signalling reduces expression of DNA repair genes: HPAF-II, AsPC-1 or PaTu899S cells were treated with either DMSO or 100 nM compound of Formula (I) for 48 hr. The expression of the indicated genes was measured by qRT-PCR. Figures 14-16 illustrates the results.
  • Example 8) Combination synergise to prevent growth of HPAF-II xenografts

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne de manière générale de nouvelles combinaisons chimiques et des procédés d'utilisation de celles-ci dans le traitement du cancer. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un modulateur de Wnt particulier, c'est-à-dire un composé de formule (I), ou un sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable, un solvate ou un promédicament de celui-ci en association avec un inhibiteur de PARP, utilisable dans le traitement du cancer.
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WO2021141538A1 (fr) 2021-07-15

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