EP4068326B1 - Gleichstromschutzschalter - Google Patents

Gleichstromschutzschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4068326B1
EP4068326B1 EP19953832.3A EP19953832A EP4068326B1 EP 4068326 B1 EP4068326 B1 EP 4068326B1 EP 19953832 A EP19953832 A EP 19953832A EP 4068326 B1 EP4068326 B1 EP 4068326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
circuit breaker
commutation
transmission line
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19953832.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4068326A1 (de
EP4068326A4 (de
Inventor
Yuhei Hashimoto
Kensaku MIYAZAKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corp
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Publication of EP4068326A1 publication Critical patent/EP4068326A1/de
Publication of EP4068326A4 publication Critical patent/EP4068326A4/de
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Publication of EP4068326B1 publication Critical patent/EP4068326B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/168—Impedances connected with contacts the impedance being inserted both while closing and while opening the switch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a DC circuit breaker.
  • a DC circuit breaker has a semiconductor cutoff method using a semiconductor circuit breaker, a mechanical cutoff method using a mechanical circuit breaker, and a hybrid cutoff method using both a semiconductor circuit breaker and a mechanical circuit breaker.
  • a DC circuit breaker for the mechanical cutoff method closes a commutation circuit including a commutation switch, a commutation capacitor, and a commutation reactor, and creates a zero point by generating a resonant current in a current flowing through the DC transmission line, thereby cutting off the mechanical circuit breaker and cutting off the current flowing through the DC transmission line.
  • the commutation switch may have a mechanical method in which one or both of the electrodes are mechanically moved to create a conduction state between the electrodes electrically and mechanically, a semiconductor method in which semiconductor elements such as thyristors and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) are used to create the conduction state, and a discharge method in which insulation performance is lowered by adding an external factor between the fixed electrodes to create the conduction state electrically.
  • a mechanical method in which one or both of the electrodes are mechanically moved to create a conduction state between the electrodes electrically and mechanically
  • a semiconductor method in which semiconductor elements such as thyristors and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) are used to create the conduction state
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • the commutation switch of the mechanical method may have a contact method in which a pair of electrodes are provided, at least one of the electrodes is moved to make a distance between the electrodes shorter, and dielectric breakdown is caused by lowering the insulation performance between the electrodes to below that in an open state to create a closed state, a non-contact method in which a pair of fixed electrodes are provided, dielectric breakdown is caused by lowering the insulation performance between the electrodes to below that in an open state to create a closed state.
  • the commutation switch of the mechanical method is brought into an electrical conduction state by generating an arc due to the dielectric breakdown between electrodes in the closed state. Therefore, the commutation switch of the mechanical method has a problem that peripheral circuit elements and other peripheral devices may malfunction or fail due to the occurrence of a surge due to dielectric breakdown.
  • the DC circuit breaker may be required to be responsible for reclosing.
  • the DC circuit breakers of the hybrid cutoff method and the semiconductor cutoff method since the commutation capacitor is charged by a recovery voltage when an accident current is cut off, it is possible to cause a mechanical circuit breaker to be cut off and to cut off the current flowing through the DC transmission line even after the reclosing is performed.
  • the DC circuit breaker since a current flowing between the electrodes is cut off by recovering the insulation performance between the electrodes of the commutation switch or an arc is extinguished at the zero point of the current, the DC circuit breaker may terminate the electrical conduction state with a charging state of the commutation capacitor being inappropriate. In this case, there is a problem that the commutation capacitor may not be sufficiently charged or be overcharged by a predetermined voltage and may not be able to perform reclosing properly.
  • PCT International Publication No. WO 2015/166600 A1 discloses a prior art DC circuit breaker.
  • US 2014/376140 A1 discloses a DC circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a DC circuit breaker capable of appropriately performing reclosing while a surge is suppressed.
  • the DC circuit breaker of an embodiment has a mechanical circuit breaker, a lightning arrester, and a commutation circuit.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker has a first end connected to a first DC transmission line and a second end connected to a second DC transmission line.
  • the commutation circuit has a first switch, a second switch, a reactor, a capacitor, and a resistor.
  • the commutation circuit, the lightning arrester, and the mechanical circuit breaker are connected in parallel between the first DC transmission line and the second DC transmission line.
  • the first switch, the capacitor, and the reactor are connected in series between the first DC transmission line and the second DC transmission line.
  • the second switch and the resistor connected in series are provided in parallel with the first switch.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram which shows an example of a configuration of a DC circuit breaker 1 of the embodiment.
  • the DC circuit breaker 1 is a device that causes a first DC transmission line LN1 and a second DC transmission line LN2 among DC transmission lines constituting a DC system to be electrically conducted or cut off.
  • a DC voltage in the first DC transmission line LN1 will be described as a first voltage VDC1
  • a DC voltage in the second DC transmission line LN2 will be described as a second voltage VDC2.
  • the first voltage VDC1 and the second voltage VDC2 are, for example, voltages of about several tens to several hundreds of [kV].
  • a power transmission facility is present on the first DC transmission line LN1 side, and a consumer is present on the second DC transmission line LN2 side.
  • the first voltage VDC1 is usually larger than the second voltage VDC2. Therefore, a current of the DC system normally flows in a direction from the first DC transmission line LN1 to the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • the DC circuit breaker 1 includes, for example, one or more mechanical circuit breakers 10, one or more disconnectors, a lightning arrester 15, a commutation circuit 40, and a control unit 100.
  • the DC circuit breaker 1 includes two disconnectors of a first disconnector 20 and a second disconnector 30.
  • the commutation circuit 40 includes, for example, a commutation switch 50, a commutation capacitor 60, a commutation reactor 70, a surge switch 80, and a surge resistor 90.
  • the control unit 100 receives, for example, a signal (hereinafter, a cut-off instruction signal) indicating that the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 are electrically cut off from a detection device (not shown) that detects an abnormality of the DC system.
  • a cut-off instruction signal indicating that the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 are electrically cut off from a detection device (not shown) that detects an abnormality of the DC system.
  • the control unit 100 receives the cut-off instruction signal, it performs control with respect to an open or closed state of the mechanical circuit breaker 10, the first disconnector 20, the second disconnector 30, the commutation switch 50, and the surge switch 80 so as to electrically cut off the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • the abnormality of the DC system is, for example, an abnormality caused by an accident such as a ground fault or a short circuit occurring in a DC transmission line.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker 10 includes a first terminal 10a and a second terminal 10b.
  • the first disconnector 20 includes a first terminal 20a and a second terminal 20b.
  • the second disconnector 30 includes a first terminal 30a and a second terminal 30b.
  • the commutation circuit 40 includes a first terminal 40a and a second terminal 40b.
  • the commutation switch 50 includes a first terminal 50a and a second terminal 50b.
  • the surge switch 80 includes a first terminal 80a and a second terminal 80b.
  • the first disconnector 20, the mechanical circuit breaker 10, and the second disconnector 30 are connected in series between the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 in the order of description. Specifically, the first terminal 10a of the first disconnector 20 is connected to the first DC transmission line LN1, the second terminal 20b of the first disconnector 20 and the first terminal 10a of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 are connected to each other, and the second terminal 10b of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 and the first terminal 30a of the second disconnector 30 are connected to each other, and the second terminal 30b of the second disconnector 30 is connected to the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • the lightning arrester 15 and the commutation circuit 40 are connected to the mechanical circuit breaker 10 in parallel with each other. Specifically, the first terminal 10a of the mechanical circuit breaker 10, one end of the lightning arrester 15, and the first terminal 40a of the commutation circuit 40 are connected to each other, and the second terminal 10b of the mechanical circuit breaker 10, the other end of the lightning arrester 15, and the second terminal 40b of the commutation circuit 40 are connected to each other.
  • the commutation switch 50, the commutation capacitor 60, and the commutation reactor 70 are connected in series between the first terminal 40a and the second terminal 40b in the order of description. Specifically, the first terminal 40a and the first terminal 50a of the commutation switch 50 are connected, and the second terminal 50b of the commutation switch 50 and one end (a positive electrode terminal in Fig. 1 ) of the commutation capacitor 60 are connected, the other end (a negative electrode terminal in Fig. 1 ) of the commutation capacitor 60 and one end of the commutation reactor 70 are connected, and the other end of the commutation reactor 70 and the second terminal 40b are connected.
  • the surge switch 80 and the surge resistor 90 are connected in series in the order of description, and connected in parallel to the commutation switch 50. Specifically, the first terminal 80a of the surge switch 80 is connected to the first terminal 50a of the commutation switch 50, the second terminal 80b of the surge switch 80 is connected to one end of the surge resistor 90, and the other end of the surge resistor 90 is connected to the second terminal 50b of the commutation switch 50.
  • the commutation circuit 40 includes the first terminal 40a and the second terminal 40b
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the commutation circuit 40 may include the first terminal 40a and the second terminal 40b.
  • respective parts connected via the first terminal 40a and the second terminal 40b are directly connected.
  • the commutation circuit 40 includes the first terminal 40a and the second terminal 40b.
  • the lightning arrester 15 absorbs a surge voltage generated when the mechanical circuit breaker 10 is controlled to be in the closed state.
  • a limited voltage of the lightning arrester 15 is a magnitude of about 1.5 [p.u] when the first voltage VDC1 and the second voltage VDC2 are used as a reference in a state in which the DC system does not have an abnormality such as an accident.
  • the commutation switch 50 is, for example, a mechanical switch. Specifically, the commutation switch 50 is a contact method switch that has a pair of electrodes, moves at least one of electrodes to make a distance between the electrodes shorter on the basis of control of the control unit 100, and lowers the insulation performance between the electrodes to below that in an open state to cause dielectric breakdown, thereby making a closed state.
  • the commutation switch 50 is an example of the "first switch.”
  • the commutation switch 50 may be a non-contact method switch.
  • the commutation switch 50 has a pair of fixed electrodes, lowers the insulation performance between the electrodes to below that in the open state on the basis of the control of the control unit 100 to cause dielectric breakdown, thereby making the closed state.
  • the commutation capacitor 60 is charged such that, for example, a voltage (hereinafter referred to as a capacitor voltage) generated between a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal by a charging device (not shown) in an initial state match or substantially match the first voltage VDC1 and the second voltage VDC2 in a state in which an abnormality such as an accident in the DC system does not occur.
  • the initial state is, for example, a time when the DC circuit breaker 1 is installed or a time when an operation of the DC circuit breaker 1 is started.
  • the charging device may charge the commutation capacitor 60 by, for example, applying a system voltage of the DC system thereto, or may charge the commutation capacitor 60 by an external power source other than the system voltage of the DC system.
  • the commutation capacitor 60 is, for example, a capacitor having a charging capacity of several to several tens [ ⁇ F].
  • the commutation capacitor 60 and the commutation reactor 70 configure an LC resonant circuit as the commutation switch 50 is controlled to be in the closed state, and resonate the current of the DC system depending on a resonance frequency according to a capacitor component of the commutation capacitor 60 and a resonator component of the commutation reactor 70 to generate a timing at which the current of the DC system becomes 0 [A].
  • the commutation reactor 70 has a value set according to a capacity of the commutation capacitor 60 so that a reclosing time from a time tg to a time th, which will be described below, does not exceed a maximum value of a reclosing time set in advance while ensuring a predetermined reclosing time.
  • the surge switch 80 is, for example, a mechanical switch.
  • the surge switch 80 is an example of the "second switch.”
  • the surge resistor 90 reduces a surge that occurs as the commutation switch 50 is controlled to be in the closed state by dielectric breakdown in a state where the surge switch 80 is controlled to be in the closed state.
  • the surge resistor 90 is, for example, a resistor having a resistor value of about several hundred to several k [ ⁇ ].
  • Fig. 12 is a graph which shows an example of a change over time according to the DC circuit breaker 1.
  • the horizontal axis represents a time.
  • a waveform W10 indicates the open or closed state of the mechanical circuit breaker 10
  • a waveform W12 indicates the open or closed state of the surge switch 80
  • a waveform W14 indicates the open or closed state of the commutation switch 50
  • a waveform W16 indicates the open or closed state of a disconnector.
  • “C” represents a closed state (Close)
  • “O” represents an open state (Open).
  • waveforms W20 to W26 are waveforms that show changes over time in current related to the DC circuit breaker 1, and a vertical axis of the waveforms W20 to W26 shows a magnitude of a current.
  • a value of the current of the DC system flowing in a direction from the first DC transmission line LN1 to the second DC transmission line LN2 is indicated by a positive value
  • a value of the current of the DC system flowing in a direction from the second DC transmission line LN2 to the first DC transmission line LN1 is indicated by a negative value.
  • a waveform W20 is a waveform which shows a change in DC current over time.
  • a waveform W22 is a waveform which shows a change over time in current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 10.
  • a waveform W24 is a waveform which shows a change over time in current flowing through the commutation capacitor 60.
  • a waveform W26 is a waveform which shows a change over time in current flowing through the lightning arrester 15.
  • Waveforms W30 and W32 are waveforms which show changes over time in voltage related to the DC circuit breaker 1, and the vertical axis of the waveforms W30 and W32 shows the magnitude of a voltage.
  • a waveform W30 is a waveform which shows a change over time in voltage applied between electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10.
  • a waveform W34 is a waveform which shows a change over time in voltage of the capacitor.
  • the control unit 100 controls each part to be a state as follows.
  • the conduction state is between times t0 and ta.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram which schematically shows an abnormality generated in the DC system.
  • a ground fault accident has occurred in the second DC transmission line LN2, and the second voltage VDC2 has a ground potential.
  • the ground fault accident occurs at a time ta.
  • the waveforms W20 to W22 the current of the DC system, and the current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 10 hold predetermined values between the time t0 and the time ta, and increase between the time ta and a time at which the commutation circuit 40 operates (to a time td described below).
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the mechanical circuit breaker 10 is mechanically controlled to be in the open state.
  • the detector transmits a cut-off instruction signal to the DC circuit breaker 1 as an abnormality occurs in the DC system.
  • the control unit 100 receives the cut-off instruction signal from the detection device at a time tb, and controls the mechanical circuit breaker 10 to be in the open state.
  • the states of respective parts of the DC circuit breaker 1 at this time are as follows.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker 10 is controlled to be in the closed state at the time tb, and the electrodes are physically separated from each other.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker 10 is not electrically cut off (that is, it becomes a mechanically open state) because an arc is generated between the electrodes. Therefore, as shown by the waveforms W20 to W22, the current of the DC system and the current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 10 also increase between the time tb and a time tc.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the surge switch 80 is controlled to be in the closed state.
  • the control unit 100 controls the surge switch 80 to be in the closed state at the time tc to reduce a surge due to the commutation switch 50 being set to the closed state (refer to Fig. 12 ).
  • the states of respective parts of the DC circuit breaker 1 at this time are as follows.
  • the surge switch 80 is electrically in the conduction state by an arc being generated by causing a dielectric breakdown between electrodes before the surge switch 80 is mechanically controlled to be in the closed state by the control unit 100 and the electrodes are brought into contact with each other. Therefore, a surge is generated by controlling the surge switch 80 to be in the closed state, but this surge is suppressed by the surge resistor 90.
  • a capacitor voltage of the commutation capacitor 60 charged in advance, the surge resistor 90, and the commutation reactor 70 act on loops of the mechanical circuit breaker 10, the commutation reactor 70, the commutation capacitor 60, the surge resistor 90, and the surge switch 80 in the DC circuit breaker 1, and a minute commutation current L3 starts to flow.
  • the commutation capacitor 60 Since the commutation capacitor 60 is discharged by a flow of this minute commutation current L3, as shown by the waveform W24 in Fig. 12 , the current flowing through the commutation capacitor 60 increases slightly between the time tc and the time at which the commutation circuit 40 operates. Moreover, along with this, as shown by a waveform W32, the capacitor voltage of the commutation capacitor 60 slightly decreases between the time tc and the time at which the commutation circuit 40 operates.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the commutation switch 50 is controlled to be in the closed state.
  • the control unit 100 sets the commutation switch 50 to the closed state at a time td and operates the commutation circuit 40 (refer to Fig. 12 ).
  • the surge resistor 90 has already suppressed a surge, even if the commutation switch 50 is controlled to be in the closed state, the surge is not generated, or the surge is sufficiently suppressed to the extent that peripheral circuit elements and other peripheral devices do not malfunction or break down.
  • the states of respective parts at this time are as follows.
  • the capacitor voltage of the commutation capacitor 60 charged in advance and the commutation reactor 70 act on the loops of the mechanical circuit breaker 10, the commutation reactor 70, the commutation capacitor 60, and the commutation switch 50, and a larger commutation current L3 than the minute commutation current L3 flowing in the situation of Fig. 4 described above starts to flow.
  • a direction of the commutation current L3 differs depending on a connection direction between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the commutation capacitor 60, a location of an accident that has occurred in the DC system, and the like.
  • the direction of the commutation current L3 is the same as a direction in which the current of the DC system flows (that is, the same polarity)
  • a zero point is generated in the commutation current L3 between the time td and a 1/2 to 3/4 cycle of the resonance frequency.
  • the direction of the commutation current L3 is different from the direction in which the current of the DC system flows (that is, an opposite polarity)
  • a zero point is generated in the commutation current L3 between the time td and a 1/4 cycle of the resonance frequency.
  • the commutation current L3 is a current having the same polarity as the current of the DC system will be described.
  • the commutation current L3 less than a 3/4 wave of the resonance frequency flows through the mechanical circuit breaker 10 and the commutation capacitor 60 between the time td and a time te at which the 3/4 cycle of the resonance frequency elapses, and a zero point is generated at a time te.
  • the waveform W32 since the commutation capacitor 60 acts and the commutation current L3 flows, the capacitor voltage decreases between the time td and the time te.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the mechanical circuit breaker 10 is electrically controlled to be in the open state.
  • the control unit 100 electrically controls the mechanical circuit breaker 10 to be in the open state as a zero point is generated in the commutation current L3 flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 10 at the time te.
  • the control unit 100 electrically controls the mechanical circuit breaker 10 to be in the open state by extinguishing an arc by, for example, gas cutoff or vacuum cutoff as the zero point is generated.
  • gas cutoff or vacuum cutoff as the zero point is generated.
  • the current of the DC system flows into the second DC transmission line LN2 from the first DC transmission line LN1 via a route of the first disconnector 20, the commutation switch 50, the commutation capacitor 60, the commutation reactor 70, and the second disconnector 30.
  • the states of respective parts at this time are as follows.
  • the arc is extinguished at the time te, and the mechanical circuit breaker 10 is mechanically and electrically controlled to be in the open state after the time te.
  • a transient recovery voltage is generated between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 that is mechanically and electrically controlled to be in the open state, so that a voltage between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 increases between the time te and the time at which the lightning arrester 15 operates (to a time tf described below).
  • the current of the DC system flows through the commutation capacitor 60 in a charging direction between the time te and the time at which the lightning arrester 15 operates. For this reason, as shown by the waveform W32, the capacitor voltage increases between the time te and the time at which the lightning arrester 15 operates.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the lightning arrester 15 has operated.
  • the voltage applied between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 that is, a voltage applied to both ends of the lightning arrester 15.
  • the voltage between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 reaches an operation voltage of the lightning arrester 15, and the lightning arrester 15 operates.
  • the current of the DC system flows from the first DC transmission line LN1 to the second DC transmission line LN2 via a route of the first disconnector 20, the lightning arrester 15, and the second disconnector 30.
  • the states of respective parts at this time are as follows.
  • the voltage between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 reaches the operation voltage of the lightning arrester 15 at the time tf.
  • the lightning arrester 15 starts to operate at the time tf and absorbs a recovery voltage.
  • a current flowing through the lightning arrester 15 that has rapidly increased at the time tf gradually decreases from the time tf to a time tg, and becomes 0 [A] at the time tg.
  • the current of the DC system gradually decreases between the time tf and the time tg.
  • the voltage between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 indicated by the waveform W30 and the capacitor voltage indicated by the waveform W32 hold values at a timing of the time tf between the time tf and the time tg.
  • the waveform W16 the arc generated between the electrodes of the commutation switch 50 is extinguished between the time tf and the time tg.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 controlled to be a state of charging the commutation capacitor 60.
  • the current of the DC system flows from the first DC transmission line LN1 to the second DC transmission line LN2 via a route of the first disconnector 20, the commutation switch 50, the commutation capacitor 60, the commutation reactor 70, and the second disconnector 30.
  • the states of respective parts at this time are as follows.
  • the current of the DC system oscillates between the time tg and the time th at which the commutation capacitor 60 finishes a transient oscillation.
  • the oscillation of the current of the DC system is attenuated as the transient oscillation subsides. For this reason, the current of the DC system gradually converges from the time tg to the time th.
  • electricity of the DC system that oscillates due to transient oscillation flows through the commutation capacitor 60.
  • the capacitor voltage gradually converges to a predetermined voltage while oscillating due to transient oscillation between the time tg and the time th.
  • the predetermined voltage is a voltage that matches with or substantially matches with the first voltage VDC1.
  • a period from the time tg to the time th is an example of the reclosing time.
  • the reclosing time is a time from when the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 are electrically cut off by the DC circuit breaker 1 to when they are electrically conducted again.
  • a capacity of the commutation capacitor 60 and a value of the commutation reactor 70 are set such that the transient oscillation converges within a range not exceeding a maximum value of the reclosing time set in advance while a predetermined reclosing time is ensured.
  • the commutation capacitor 60 is charged up to a predetermined voltage by the current of the DC system flowing from the first DC transmission line LN1 to the second DC transmission line LN2 via a route of the surge switch 80 and the surge resistor 90.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the commutation switch 50 is controlled to be in the open state.
  • the control unit 100 determines whether the capacitor voltage of the commutation capacitor 60 is a predetermined voltage after the time tg. For example, when the transient oscillation of the current of the DC system is converging, the control unit 100 determines that the commutation capacitor 60 has been charged up to a predetermined voltage. When the control unit 100 determines that the commutation capacitor 60 has been charged up to the predetermined voltage, the control unit 100 controls the commutation switch 50 to be in the open state.
  • the states of respective parts at this time are as follows.
  • the control unit 100 determines that the commutation capacitor 60 has been charged up to the predetermined voltage at the time th, and controls the commutation switch 50 to be in the open state.
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the first disconnector 20 and the second disconnector 30 are controlled to be in the open state.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram which shows the state of the DC circuit breaker 1 in which the surge switch 80 is controlled to be in the open state.
  • the control unit 100 controls the first disconnector 20 and the second disconnector 30 to be in the open state after controlling the commutation switch 50 to be in the open state. Then, the control unit 100 controls the surge switch 80 to be in the open state after controlling the first disconnector 20 and the second disconnector 30 to be in the open state.
  • the states of respective parts in a situation of Fig. 11 are as follows.
  • the control unit 100 controls the first disconnector 20 and the second disconnector 30 to be in the open state at a time ti.
  • the control unit 100 controls the surge switch 80 to be in the open state at a time tj.
  • the control unit 100 may control the first disconnector 20 and the second disconnector 30 to be in the open state after controlling the surge switch 80 to be in the open state, and may control the first disconnector 20 and the second disconnector 30 to be in the open state in order.
  • Fig. 13 is a flowchart which shows an example of operations of the DC circuit breaker 1.
  • the control unit 100 determines whether a cut-off instruction signal indicating that the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 are electrically cut off is received from the detection device (step S100).
  • the control unit 100 waits until it receives the cut-off instruction signal from the detection device.
  • the control unit 100 controls the mechanical circuit breaker 10 to be in the open state (step S102).
  • the control unit 100 controls the surge switch 80 to be in the closed state (step S104). At this time, a surge generated by controlling the surge switch 80 to be in the closed state is suppressed by the surge resistor 90.
  • control unit 100 controls the commutation switch 50 to be in the closed state (step S106).
  • the surge is sufficiently suppressed by the surge resistor 90, even if the commutation switch 50 is in the closed state, the surge is sufficiently suppressed to the extent that a surge is not generated or peripheral circuit elements and other peripheral devices do not malfunction or break down.
  • the capacitor voltage of the commutation capacitor 60 charged in advance and the commutation reactor 70 act on the loops of the mechanical circuit breaker 10, the commutation reactor 70, the commutation capacitor 60, and the commutation switch 50, and the commutation current L3 resonated by a resonance frequency according to the capacitor component of the commutation capacitor 60 and the reactor component of the commutation reactor 70 flows.
  • the control unit 100 electrically controls the mechanical circuit breaker 10 to be in the open state as a zero point is generated in the resonant commutation current L3 flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 10 (step S108). Since a transient recovery voltage is generated between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 by electrically controlling the mechanical circuit breaker 10 to be in the open state, a voltage applied between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 (that is, a voltage applied to both ends of the lightning arrester 15) increases. Then, a voltage between the electrodes of the mechanical circuit breaker 10 reaches the operation voltage of the lightning arrester 15, and the lightning arrester 15 operates (step S110).
  • the current of the DC system flows from the first DC transmission line LN1 to the second DC transmission line LN2 via the route of the first disconnector 20, the lightning arrester 15, and the second disconnector 30.
  • the current of the DC system oscillates until the commutation capacitor 60 finishes the transient oscillation.
  • the current of the DC system attenuates as the transient oscillation subsides.
  • the capacitor voltage gradually converges to a predetermined voltage while oscillating due to the transient oscillation.
  • the predetermined voltage is a voltage that matches or substantially matches a DC voltage supplied by the DC system such as the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • the control unit 100 determines whether the capacitor voltage of the commutation capacitor 60 is a predetermined voltage (step S112). For example, when the transient oscillation of the current of the DC system is converging, the control unit 100 determines that the commutation capacitor 60 is charged up to a predetermined voltage. The control unit 100 waits until the commutation capacitor 60 is charged to a predetermined voltage. When the control unit 100 determines that the commutation capacitor 60 is charged up to a predetermined voltage, the control unit 100 controls the commutation switch 50 to be in the open state (step S114). Next, the control unit 100 controls the disconnector to be in the open state (step S116). Next, the control unit 100 controls the surge switch 80 to be in the open state (step S 118). As a result, the DC circuit breaker 1 can electrically cut off the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • the DC circuit breaker 1 of the embodiment has the mechanical circuit breaker 10, the lightning arrester 15, and the commutation circuit 40.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker 10 has the first terminal 10a connected to the first DC transmission line LN1 via the first disconnector 20, and the second terminal 10b connected to the second DC transmission line LN2 via the second disconnector 30.
  • the commutation circuit 40 has the commutation switch 50, the commutation capacitor 60, the commutation reactor 70, the surge switch 80, and the surge resistor 90.
  • the commutation circuit 40, the lightning arrester 15, and the mechanical circuit breaker 10 are connected in parallel between the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • the commutation switch 50, the commutation capacitor 60, and the commutation reactor 70 are connected in series between the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2.
  • a surge switch 80 and a surge switch 80 connected in series are provided in parallel with the commutation switch 50.
  • the insulation performance between the electrodes of the commutation switch 50 may be recovered, and the commutation switch 50 may be in the open state.
  • the commutation switch 50 when the commutation switch 50 is in the open state before the capacitor voltage converges to the predetermined voltage, the commutation capacitor 60 may not be charged with power for causing a sufficient commutation current L3 to flow when the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 are cut off, or the commutation capacitor 60 may be overcharged with power for causing an excessive commutation current L3 to flow.
  • a resonant commutation current L3 becomes large and there is a possibility that a current change rate (di/dt) at a zero point of a current flowing through the mechanical circuit breaker 10 during a period from the time td to the time te will increase.
  • the mechanical circuit breaker 10 cannot be electrically set to the open state, and there is a possibility that a cutoff of the first DC transmission line LN1 and the second DC transmission line LN2 will fail.
  • the DC circuit breaker 1 of the embodiment by providing the series circuit of the surge switch 80 and the surge resistor 90 in parallel with the commutation switch 50, even if a current between the electrodes of the commutation switch 50 is cut off or an arc is extinguished at the zero point of the current, the current of the DC system continues to flow through the surge switch 80 and the surge resistor 90 in the commutation capacitor 60, so that the commutation capacitor 60 can be reliably charged up to a predetermined voltage. Therefore, the DC circuit breaker 1 of the present embodiment can appropriately perform reclosing while suppressing a surge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Gleichstromschutzschalter mit:
    einen mechanischen Schutzschalter (10), der mit einem ersten Ende an eine erste Gleichstromübertragungsleitung und mit einem zweiten Ende an eine zweite Gleichstromübertragungsleitung angeschlossen ist;
    einen Blitzableiter (15); und
    eine Kommutierungsschaltung (40, 80), die einen ersten Schalter, einen zweiten Schalter, eine Drossel (70) und einen Kondensator (60) aufweist,
    wobei die Kommutierungsschaltung (40, 80), der Blitzableiter (15) und der mechanische Schutzschalter (10) parallel zwischen der ersten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung und der zweiten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung miteinander verbunden sind,
    der erste Schalter, der Kondensator (60) und die Drossel (70) in Reihe zwischen der ersten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung und der zweiten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kommutierungsschaltung ferner einen Widerstand (90) umfasst und
    der zweite Schalter und der in Reihe geschaltete Widerstand (90) parallel zu dem ersten Schalter vorgesehen sind.
  2. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend:
    eine Steuereinheit (100), die konfiguriert ist, um einen offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand des ersten Schalters zu steuern,
    wobei der erste Schalter ein Schalter für ein berührungsloses Verfahren ist, der ein Paar von festen Elektroden hat, und
    die Steuereinheit (100) den Schalter für ein berührungsloses Verfahren so steuert, dass er sich in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, indem sie die Isolationsleistung zwischen den Elektroden unter diejenige in einem offenen Zustand senkt und einen dielektrischen Durchschlag verursacht.
  3. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend:
    eine Steuereinheit (100), die konfiguriert ist, um einen offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand des ersten Schalters zu steuern,
    wobei der erste Schalter ein Schalter nach einem Kontaktverfahren ist, der ein Paar von Elektroden aufweist, und
    die Steuereinheit (100) den Schalter nach einem Kontaktverfahren so steuert, dass er sich in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, indem sie mindestens eine der Elektroden bewegt, um einen Abstand zwischen den Elektroden kürzer zu machen, und die Isolationsleistung zwischen den Elektroden unter diejenige in einem offenen Zustand senkt, um einen dielektrischen Durchschlag zu verursachen.
  4. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach Anspruch 3,
    wobei die Steuereinheit (100), wenn mindestens eine der Elektroden bewegt wird, die Elektroden nicht miteinander in Kontakt bringt, sondern die mindestens eine Elektrode in eine Position bewegt, die von den Elektroden um einen vorgegebenen Abstand getrennt ist.
  5. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    wobei der Kondensator (60) durch Anlegen einer Systemspannung eines an die erste Gleichstromübertragungsleitung oder die zweite Gleichstromübertragungsleitung gelieferten Gleichstromsystems aufgeladen wird.
  6. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    wobei der Kondensator (60) durch Anlegen einer Spannung geladen wird, die eine von einer anderen Einrichtung gelieferte Spannung ist und der Systemspannung des an die erste Gleichstromübertragungsleitung oder die zweite Gleichstromübertragungsleitung gelieferten Gleichstromsystems entspricht.
  7. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, ferner umfassend:
    eine Steuereinheit (100), die konfiguriert ist, um einen offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand des ersten Schalters zu steuern,
    wobei die Drossel (70) und der Kondensator (60) einen Systemstrom eines Gleichstromsystems, der der ersten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung oder der zweiten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung zugeführt wird, gemäß einer Resonanzfrequenz in Resonanz bringen, um einen Nullpunkt in dem Systemstrom zu erzeugen, wenn die Steuereinheit (100) den ersten Schalter so steuert, dass er sich in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet.
  8. Gleichstromschutzschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, ferner umfassend:
    eine Steuereinheit (100), die konfiguriert ist, um einen offenen oder geschlossenen Zustand des mechanischen Schutzschalters (10), des ersten Schalters und des zweiten Schalters zu steuern,
    wobei die Steuereinheit (100) Folgendes durchführt
    Startsteuerung zum Versetzen des mechanischen Schutzschalters (10) in einen offenen Zustand, um das erste Ende und das zweite Ende elektrisch zu unterbrechen,
    Steuern des zweiten Schalters, so dass er sich in einem geschlossenen Zustand befindet, nachdem die Steuerung zum Versetzen des mechanischen Schutzschalters (10) in einen offenen Zustand gestartet wurde,
    Steuern des ersten Schalters, um ihn in einen geschlossenen Zustand zu versetzen, nachdem der zweite Schalter in einen geschlossenen Zustand gesteuert wurde,
    elektrisches Trennen des ersten Endes und des zweiten Endes des mechanischen Schutzschalters (10) an einem Nullpunkt, der durch die Drossel (70) und den Kondensator (60) erzeugt wird, die einen Systemstrom eines Gleichstromsystems in Resonanz bringen, der der ersten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung oder der zweiten Gleichstromübertragungsleitung gemäß einer Resonanzfrequenz zugeführt wird, nachdem der erste Schalter in einen geschlossenen Zustand gesteuert wird,
    Steuern des zweiten Schalters, so dass er sich in einem offenen Zustand befindet, wenn eine Spannung des Kondensators (60) eine Spannung ist, die der Systemspannung des Gleichstromsystems entspricht,
    Steuern des ersten Schalters in einen offenen Zustand, nachdem der zweite Schalter in einen offenen Zustand gesteuert wird, und
    Begrenzung einer zwischen dem ersten Ende und dem zweiten Ende erzeugten Spannung durch den Blitzableiter (15), wenn der mechanische Schutzschalter (10) elektrisch abgeschaltet wird.
EP19953832.3A 2019-11-29 2019-11-29 Gleichstromschutzschalter Active EP4068326B1 (de)

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WO2023047556A1 (ja) * 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 三菱電機株式会社 直流遮断器
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JP2005197114A (ja) * 2004-01-08 2005-07-21 Toshiba Corp 直流遮断器
JP5031607B2 (ja) * 2008-01-31 2012-09-19 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 直流高速真空遮断装置
JP2009218054A (ja) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-24 Ntt Data Ex Techno Corp 直流電流開閉器の遮断支援回路、直流電流遮断回路及び直流電流遮断装置。
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WO2021106191A1 (ja) 2021-06-03
JPWO2021106191A1 (de) 2021-06-03

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