EP4063732A1 - Method and assembly for observing flames in a heater operable with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuel gas - Google Patents
Method and assembly for observing flames in a heater operable with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuel gas Download PDFInfo
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- EP4063732A1 EP4063732A1 EP22157701.8A EP22157701A EP4063732A1 EP 4063732 A1 EP4063732 A1 EP 4063732A1 EP 22157701 A EP22157701 A EP 22157701A EP 4063732 A1 EP4063732 A1 EP 4063732A1
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- temperature
- flames
- temperature sensor
- hydrogen
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/14—Flame sensors using two or more different types of flame sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/16—Flame sensors using two or more of the same types of flame sensor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for observing flames in a heating device that can be operated with hydrogen and/or a fuel gas containing hydrogen.
- Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an admixture to fuel gases is becoming more and more important, and great efforts are being made to upgrade new or existing heating devices for operation with it. It is not only a question of large systems, but also of wall-mounted units for heating water and, in general, heaters for heating buildings and/or providing hot water.
- Hydrogen combustion differs from previously used fuel gases in several respects, in particular a hydrogen flame is almost invisible to the human eye, emits less thermal radiation than flames produced with carbonaceous fuels, and different measuring systems are required than for heaters using hydrocarbon fuels.
- the present invention is therefore particularly, but not only suitable for heaters with pure hydrogen or with hydrogen-containing fuel gas z.
- B. contains more than 50%, in particular more than 95% hydrogen, are operated.
- thermosensor for hydrogen-containing fuels, for which conventional ionization measurements cannot be used, and to deduce the ignition of flames or the extinguishing of flames from its measurement signals.
- a temperature sensor e.g. B. to distinguish between a drop in temperature due to a modulation of the combustion process (reduction in output due to reduced supply of air-fuel gas mixture or changes in the mixture) and an extinguishing of the flames.
- the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems outlined with reference to the prior art, and in particular to provide a method and an arrangement for observing flames in one Combustion chamber (as a flame monitor), the arrangement should be simple and suitable for everyday operation of a heater and reliable even under different environmental or operating conditions.
- a method for observing or monitoring flames in a combustion chamber of a heater that is operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel contributes to the solution of the task, with a time profile of the temperature in the combustion chamber with at least two different temperature sensors and/or temperature sensors arranged at different positions observed and their cause is deduced from the differences in the time courses.
- the temperature sensors can be arranged in or on the combustion chamber of a heater, it being preferred that all of them can (directly) determine the temperature in the combustion chamber.
- the temperature sensors can be distributed in the combustion chamber, in particular with a different spacing and/or a different alignment and/or with a different shielding.
- the temperature sensors themselves can differ with regard to the thermal sensor (e.g. the dependency of the temperature-dependent electrical resistance, the material, NTC/PTC, oscillating quartz, Semiconductors, pyrometers, thermocouples, etc.) and/or the evaluation of the measurement signals generated with them (e.g. the accuracy, the resolution, the filtering, different A/D converters, etc.).
- a temperature determined by means of a (first/second) temperature sensor over a predeterminable (first/second) period of time is understood here as a (first/second) time profile of the temperature. Differences in the curves can result from value deviations (at specified or the same points in time), gradients in the value graphs, phase shifts in the value graphs, etc.
- Two temperature sensors are not simply used to increase the measurement accuracy or the reliability of the measurement (which can be the case with safety devices), but additional information is made available by choosing different temperature sensors and/or different positions for the temperature sensors, so that they react differently to a temperature change (caused somehow and somewhere).
- information about the direction from which the temperature change came or about the cause of the temperature change based on empirical values and/or calibration data can be obtained.
- the conclusion as to the cause can in particular include a decision that a flame has gone out or has gone out and/or that the flame is being ignited or has been ignited.
- the temperature sensors are designed and/or arranged at such different distances from the flames that they react to changes in the temperature of the flames at different speeds and/or to different extents.
- both temperature sensors measure approximately the same temperature.
- the temperature in the combustion chamber rises rapidly, which a sensor closer to the flames or a fast-acting sensor will measure more quickly than a sensor further away or more sluggishly.
- An arrangement for observing or monitoring flames in a combustion chamber of a heater that can be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel also contributes to solving the problem, with two different temperature sensors and/or two temperature sensors arranged at different positions being present in the combustion chamber, which are equipped with a Evaluation unit are connected, which is set up to determine differences in the time profiles of measurement signals from the temperature sensors and to assign certain events.
- a first temperature sensor is preferably arranged closer to the flames than a second temperature sensor. So changes in flames affect first at first and after a certain delay to the second temperature sensor, which allows a differentiation from external influences.
- a first temperature sensor is thermally less sluggish than a second temperature sensor. Temperature changes then affect the less sluggish temperature sensor faster and initially more strongly than the more sluggish one. This also allows different causes for temperature changes to be distinguished.
- a first temperature sensor can have a lower heat capacity than a second temperature sensor. This can e.g. B. be achieved in that the first temperature sensor has a thinner shell or has less material overall than the second.
- a first temperature sensor is arranged further to the outside and a second temperature sensor is arranged further to the inside in a common casing.
- the sensor located further outside reacts earlier and more strongly than the one located further inside.
- the sensors are then in the same position, but still behave differently.
- a common shell facilitates the installation and routing of electrical leads.
- the evaluation unit is preferably set up to evaluate the time curves of the measurement signals of both temperature sensors in order to detect the ignition and/or the extinguishing of flames in the combustion chamber and to distinguish them from other causes of temperature fluctuations. This can be based on stored empirical values and/or calibration data, with which different curves between the measured values of the two temperature sensors are compared.
- a further aspect also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which cause the arrangement described to carry out the method described.
- the evaluation of the data measured by the sensors and their further use in the heater require a program and data for controlling the heater, both of which must be updated from time to time.
- the explanations for the method can be used for a more detailed characterization of the arrangement, and vice versa.
- the arrangement can also be set up in such a way that the method is carried out with it.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a heater 1, which can be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
- Air is supplied to a burner 8 by means of a blower 6 via an air supply 2 .
- Combustion gas is added to the air via a combustion gas supply line 3 and a combustion gas valve 5 .
- An evaluation unit 4 controls the fuel gas valve 5 and the blower 6 via control lines 11 in order to supply the burner 8 with a mixture of air and fuel gas that is suitable for efficient and environmentally friendly combustion.
- the mixture passes from the burner 8 into a combustion chamber 9, where it burns with the formation of flames 7.
- the heat generated during combustion is Dissipated heat exchanger surfaces and used for heating, and resulting combustion gases are discharged via an exhaust system 10 to the environment.
- this function of a so-called flame monitor is performed by two temperature sensors 13, 14, which are designed and/or positioned differently. They are connected to the evaluation unit 4 via measuring lines 12 .
- a first temperature sensor 13 is arranged closer to the flames 7 than a second temperature sensor 14.
- the second temperature sensor 14 is thermally more inert (with a thicker shell) than the first temperature sensor 13.
- Each of the measures has the effect (even without the other one) that a temperature change (or ignition or extinguishing) of the flames 7 has a different effect on the two temperature sensors 13, 14.
- a thermally more sluggish and/or more distant sensor from a changing heat source e.g. flames 7
- this effect can be almost eliminated compared to the effect to be observed (heat input from flames 7) by assigning characteristic differences in the time courses of the measurement signals to the events to be recognized (ignition and extinguishing assigned to the flames 7). In this way, modulations of the heater and other occurrences that lead to temperature changes can be differentiated from the ignition and extinguishing of the flames 7, and unnecessary shutdowns can be avoided.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically in longitudinal section a particular embodiment of the invention.
- An external sensor 15 and an internal sensor 16 are arranged in a common housing 17, the housing 17 being solid or being provided with a housing filling 18 which conducts heat well.
- the outside sensor 15 reacts more quickly to outside temperature changes than the inside sensor 16, so that with this embodiment the required measurements can be carried out in a particularly simple manner and at only one measuring position. If, for example, the supply of heat drops due to the flames 7 going out, the outside sensor 15 reacts first and the inside sensor 16 only a little later. B. have a very similar effect on both sensors due to heat dissipation, these can be eliminated, which is not so easy to do with a single sensor. In this way, it is possible overall to draw very precise conclusions about the heat supplied, which enables reliable detection of the presence or extinction of flames 7 .
- the present invention makes it possible to reliably implement the safety function of a flame monitor with simple and robust instrumentation on a heating device 1 that is operated with hydrogen or fuel gas containing hydrogen.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Beobachten oder Überwachen von Flammen (7) in einem Verbrennungsraum (9) eines Heizgerätes (1), welches mit Wasserstoff oder einem wasserstoffhaltigen Brennstoff betrieben wird, wobei ein zeitlicher Verlauf der Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum (9) mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen und/oder an unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordneten Temperatursensoren (13,14) beobachtet und aus Unterschieden der zeitlichen Verläufe auf deren Ursache geschlossen wird. Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, mit einer einfachen und robusten Instrumentierung an einem Heizgerät (1), das mit Wasserstoff oder wasserstoffhaltigem Brenngas betrieben wird, die Sicherheits-Funktion eines Flammenwächters zuverlässig zu verwirklichen.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for observing or monitoring flames (7) in a combustion chamber (9) of a heating device (1) which is operated with hydrogen or a fuel containing hydrogen, with a temperature profile over time in the combustion chamber (9) observed with at least two temperature sensors (13, 14) that are different and/or arranged in different positions and their cause is inferred from the differences in the time profiles. The present invention makes it possible to reliably implement the safety function of a flame monitor with simple and robust instrumentation on a heating device (1) that is operated with hydrogen or fuel gas containing hydrogen.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Beobachtung von Flammen in einem Heizgerät, das mit Wasserstoff und/oder einem wasserstoffhaltigen Brenngas betreibbar ist. Wasserstoff als Brenngas oder als Beimischung zu Brenngasen wird immer wichtiger, und es werden große Anstrengen unternommen, neue oder auch existierende Heizgeräte für einen Betrieb damit zu ertüchtigen. Dabei geht es nicht nur um große Anlagen, sondern auch um Wandgeräte zur Erwärmung von Wasser und generell um Heizgeräte für die Beheizung von Gebäuden und/oder die Bereitstellung von warmem Wasser.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for observing flames in a heating device that can be operated with hydrogen and/or a fuel gas containing hydrogen. Hydrogen as a fuel gas or as an admixture to fuel gases is becoming more and more important, and great efforts are being made to upgrade new or existing heating devices for operation with it. It is not only a question of large systems, but also of wall-mounted units for heating water and, in general, heaters for heating buildings and/or providing hot water.
Wasserstoff unterscheidet sich bei seiner Verbrennung in mehreren Punkten von bisher verwendeten Brenngasen, insbesondere ist eine Wasserstoffflamme für das menschliche Auge fast unsichtbar, strahlt weniger Wärmestrahlung ab als mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen erzeugte Flammen, und es werden andere Messsysteme benötigt als bei Heizgeräten für Brennstoffe aus Kohlenwasserstoffen. Die vorliegende Erfindung ist daher besonders, aber nicht nur geeignet für Heizgeräte, die mit reinem Wasserstoff oder mit wasserstoffhaltigem Brenngas, das z. B. mehr als 50%, insbesondere mehr als 95% Wasserstoff enthält, betrieben werden.Hydrogen combustion differs from previously used fuel gases in several respects, in particular a hydrogen flame is almost invisible to the human eye, emits less thermal radiation than flames produced with carbonaceous fuels, and different measuring systems are required than for heaters using hydrocarbon fuels. The present invention is therefore particularly, but not only suitable for heaters with pure hydrogen or with hydrogen-containing fuel gas z. B. contains more than 50%, in particular more than 95% hydrogen, are operated.
In Heizgeräten werden bisher im Allgemeinen einfache und robuste Sensoren für Temperatur, Licht- oder Wärmestrahlung, Druck, Volumenstrom und dergleichen eingesetzt, um die Heizgeräte zu regeln und deren sicheren Betrieb zu gewährleisten. Mit bisher üblicher Sensorik lassen sich jedoch bei Verwendung von Wasserstoff als Brenngas manche Messungen nicht zuverlässig durchführen. Eine wichtige Aufgabe ist das Feststellen des Vorhandenseins einer stabilen Flamme (ein sogenannter Flammenwächter), mit dem das Zünden und/oder das Erlöschen von Flammen in einem Verbrennungsraum erkannt werden können.So far, simple and robust sensors for temperature, light or heat radiation, pressure, volume flow and the like have generally been used in heaters, to control the heaters and ensure their safe operation. However, when using hydrogen as the fuel gas, some measurements cannot be carried out reliably with the sensors that have been customary up to now. An important task is the detection of the presence of a stable flame (a so-called flame monitor), which can be used to detect the ignition and/or extinguishing of flames in a combustion chamber.
Dazu ist es bekannt, für wasserstoffhaltige Brennstoffe, bei denen übliche lonisationsmessungen nicht genutzt werden können, mindestens einen Temperatursensor im Verbrennungsraum anzuordnen und aus dessen Messsignalen auf das Zünden von Flammen oder das Erlöschen von Flammen zu schließen. Allerdings ist es mit einem Temperatursensor nicht immer zuverlässig möglich, z. B. zwischen einem Absinken der Temperatur wegen einer Modulation des Verbrennungsprozesses (Verringerung der Leistung durch verminderte Zufuhr von Luft-Brenngas-Gemisch oder Veränderungen des Gemisches) und einem Erlöschen der Flammen zu unterscheiden. Selbst unter Berücksichtigung eines gemessenen Temperaturtransienten (zeitliche Ableitung der Temperatur) ist eine sichere Unterscheidung oft nicht möglich, da die Umgebungs- und Betriebs-Bedingungen von Heizgeräten sehr unterschiedlich sein können, so dass eine Modulation oder das Erlöschen von Flammen bei verschiedenen Bedingungen unterschiedliche und verwechselbare Temperaturtransienten hervorrufen können. Dies kann z. B. zu unnötigen Abschaltungen wegen eines nur vermeintlichen Erlöschens der Flammen führen.For this purpose, it is known to arrange at least one temperature sensor in the combustion chamber for hydrogen-containing fuels, for which conventional ionization measurements cannot be used, and to deduce the ignition of flames or the extinguishing of flames from its measurement signals. However, it is not always reliably possible with a temperature sensor, e.g. B. to distinguish between a drop in temperature due to a modulation of the combustion process (reduction in output due to reduced supply of air-fuel gas mixture or changes in the mixture) and an extinguishing of the flames. Even taking into account a measured temperature transient (time derivative of the temperature), a reliable distinction is often not possible, since the ambient and operating conditions of heaters can be very different, so that a modulation or the extinguishing of flames under different conditions is different and can be confused can cause temperature transients. This can e.g. B. lead to unnecessary shutdowns because of an only supposed extinguishing of the flames.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, die mit Bezug auf den Stand der Technik geschilderten Probleme wenigstens teilweise zu lösen, und insbesondere die Schaffung eines Verfahrens und einer Anordnung zum Beobachten von Flammen in einem Verbrennungsraum (als Flammenwächter), wobei die Anordnung einfach und geeignet für einen Alltagsbetrieb eines Heizgerätes und zuverlässig auch bei unterschiedlichen Umgebungs- oder Betriebsbedingungen sein soll.The object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems outlined with reference to the prior art, and in particular to provide a method and an arrangement for observing flames in one Combustion chamber (as a flame monitor), the arrangement should be simple and suitable for everyday operation of a heater and reliable even under different environmental or operating conditions.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung sowie ein Computerprogrammprodukt gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Die Beschreibung, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung, veranschaulicht die Erfindung und gibt weitere Ausführungsbeispiele an.A method and an arrangement as well as a computer program product according to the independent claims serve to solve this task. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims. The description, in particular in connection with the drawing, illustrates the invention and specifies further exemplary embodiments.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe trägt ein Verfahren bei zum Beobachten oder Überwachen von Flammen in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Heizgerätes, welches mit Wasserstoff oder einem wasserstoffhaltigen Brennstoff betrieben wird, wobei ein zeitlicher Verlauf der Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen und/oder an unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordneten Temperatursensoren beobachtet und aus Unterschieden der zeitlichen Verläufe auf deren Ursache geschlossen wird.A method for observing or monitoring flames in a combustion chamber of a heater that is operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel contributes to the solution of the task, with a time profile of the temperature in the combustion chamber with at least two different temperature sensors and/or temperature sensors arranged at different positions observed and their cause is deduced from the differences in the time courses.
Es können genau zwei Temperatursensoren vorgesehen sein, es ist aber auch möglich noch mehr Temperatursensoren einzusetzen. Die Temperatursensoren können im oder am Verbrennungsraum eines Heizgerätes angeordnet sein, wobei bevorzugt ist, dass alle (unmittelbar) die Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum bestimmen können. Die Temperatursensoren können in dem Verbrennungsraum verteilt angeordnet sein, insbesondere mit einem unterschiedlichen Abstand und/oder einer unterschiedlichen Ausrichtung und/oder mit einer unterschiedlichen Abschirmung. Die Temperatursensoren selbst können sich hinsichtlich des Thermofühlers (z.B. der Abhängigkeit des temperaturabhängigen elektrischen Widerstandes, des Materials, NTC/PTC, Schwingquarz, Halbleiter, Pyrometer, Thermoelement, etc.) und/oder der Auswertung der damit erzeugten Messsignale (z.B. der Genauigkeit, der Auflösung, der Filterung, unterschiedliche A/D-Wandler, etc.) unterscheiden. Eine mittels einem (ersten/zweiten) Temperatursensor über eine vorgebbare (erste/zweite) Zeitspanne ermittelte Temperatur wird hier als (erster/zweiter) zeitlicher Verlauf der Temperatur verstanden. Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Verläufe können sich durch Werteabweichungen (zu vorgegebenen bzw. gleichen Zeitpunkten), Steigungen der Wertegraphen, Phasenverschübe der Wertgraphen, etc. ergeben.Exactly two temperature sensors can be provided, but it is also possible to use even more temperature sensors. The temperature sensors can be arranged in or on the combustion chamber of a heater, it being preferred that all of them can (directly) determine the temperature in the combustion chamber. The temperature sensors can be distributed in the combustion chamber, in particular with a different spacing and/or a different alignment and/or with a different shielding. The temperature sensors themselves can differ with regard to the thermal sensor (e.g. the dependency of the temperature-dependent electrical resistance, the material, NTC/PTC, oscillating quartz, Semiconductors, pyrometers, thermocouples, etc.) and/or the evaluation of the measurement signals generated with them (e.g. the accuracy, the resolution, the filtering, different A/D converters, etc.). A temperature determined by means of a (first/second) temperature sensor over a predeterminable (first/second) period of time is understood here as a (first/second) time profile of the temperature. Differences in the curves can result from value deviations (at specified or the same points in time), gradients in the value graphs, phase shifts in the value graphs, etc.
Es werden nicht einfach zwei Temperaturfühler eingesetzt, um die Messgenauigkeit oder die Zuverlässigkeit der Messung zu erhöhen (was bei Sicherheitseinrichtungen der Fall sein kann), sondern es werden zusätzliche Informationen verfügbar gemacht, indem unterschiedliche Temperatursensoren und/oder unterschiedliche Positionen für die Temperatursensoren gewählt werden, so dass diese auf eine (irgendwie und irgendwo verursachte) Temperaturänderung unterschiedlich reagieren. So kann durch Vergleich der zeitlichen Abfolge und/oder der Stärke der Messsignale beider Temperatursensoren eine Information über die Richtung, aus der die Temperaturänderung gekommen ist, oder anhand von Erfahrungswerten und/oder Kalibrierdaten über die Ursache der Temperaturänderung gewonnen werden. Der Schluss auf die Ursache kann insbesondere eine Entscheidung umfassen, dass eine Flamme erlöscht bzw. erlöscht ist und/oder dass Flamme gezündet wird bzw. gezündet ist.Two temperature sensors are not simply used to increase the measurement accuracy or the reliability of the measurement (which can be the case with safety devices), but additional information is made available by choosing different temperature sensors and/or different positions for the temperature sensors, so that they react differently to a temperature change (caused somehow and somewhere). By comparing the time sequence and/or the strength of the measurement signals from both temperature sensors, information about the direction from which the temperature change came or about the cause of the temperature change based on empirical values and/or calibration data can be obtained. The conclusion as to the cause can in particular include a decision that a flame has gone out or has gone out and/or that the flame is being ignited or has been ignited.
Insbesondere werden die Temperatursensoren so ausgelegt und/oder in solchen unterschiedlichen Abständen von den Flammen angeordnet, dass sie unterschiedlich schnell und/oder unterschiedlich stark auf Änderungen der Temperatur der Flammen reagieren.In particular, the temperature sensors are designed and/or arranged at such different distances from the flames that they react to changes in the temperature of the flames at different speeds and/or to different extents.
Bei aufeinanderfolgendem charakteristischem Ansteigen der Messwerte der Temperatur an einem ersten und einem zweiten Temperatursensor kann auf das Zünden von Flammen geschlossen werden. Solange kalte Luft oder kaltes Luft-Brenngas-Gemisch in den Verbrennungsraum strömt und nicht gezündet hat, messen beide Temperatursensoren etwa die gleiche Temperatur. Bei Zündung von Flammen einer Verbrennung, steigt die Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum schnell an, was ein näher an den Flammen angeordneter oder schnell reagierender Sensor schneller misst als ein weiter entfernter bzw. trägerer Sensor.If the measured values of the temperature at a first and a second temperature sensor rise in a characteristic manner, it can be concluded that flames have ignited. As long as cold air or a cold air-fuel gas mixture flows into the combustion chamber and has not ignited, both temperature sensors measure approximately the same temperature. When flames are ignited from a combustion, the temperature in the combustion chamber rises rapidly, which a sensor closer to the flames or a fast-acting sensor will measure more quickly than a sensor further away or more sluggishly.
Umgekehrt kann bei aufeinanderfolgendem charakteristischem Abfallen der Messwerte der Temperatur an einem ersten Temperatursensor und an einem zweiten Temperatursensor auf das Erlöschen von Flammen geschlossen werden. Auch hier ist die Reaktion der beiden Temperatursensoren unterschiedlich, und zwar so, dass zwischen einer Modulation des Heizgerätes oder einem äußeren Temperatureinfluss und dem Erlöschen der Flammen sicher unterschieden werden kann.Conversely, if the measured values of the temperature at a first temperature sensor and at a second temperature sensor fall in a characteristic manner, it can be concluded that flames have been extinguished. Here, too, the reaction of the two temperature sensors is different, in such a way that a reliable distinction can be made between a modulation of the heater or an external temperature influence and the extinguishing of the flames.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe trägt auch eine Anordnung zum Beobachten oder Überwachen von Flammen in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Heizgerätes bei, welches mit Wasserstoff oder einem wasserstoffhaltigen Brennstoff betreibbar ist, wobei im Verbrennungsraum zwei unterschiedliche und/oder an unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnete Temperatursensoren vorhanden sind, die mit einer Auswerteeinheit verbunden sind, die dazu eingerichtet ist, Unterschiede in zeitlichen Verläufen von Messsignalen der Temperatursensoren festzustellen und bestimmten Ereignissen zuzuordnen.An arrangement for observing or monitoring flames in a combustion chamber of a heater that can be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing fuel also contributes to solving the problem, with two different temperature sensors and/or two temperature sensors arranged at different positions being present in the combustion chamber, which are equipped with a Evaluation unit are connected, which is set up to determine differences in the time profiles of measurement signals from the temperature sensors and to assign certain events.
Bevorzugt ist ein erster Temperatursensor näher an den Flammen angeordnet als ein zweiter Temperatursensor. So wirken sich Änderungen der Flammen zuerst auf den ersten und nach einer bestimmten Verzögerung auf den zweiten Temperaturfühler aus, was eine Unterscheidung von äußeren Einflüssen ermöglicht.A first temperature sensor is preferably arranged closer to the flames than a second temperature sensor. So changes in flames affect first at first and after a certain delay to the second temperature sensor, which allows a differentiation from external influences.
Alternativ oder additiv ist ein erster Temperatursensor thermisch weniger träge als ein zweiter Temperatursensor. Temperaturänderungen wirken sich dann schneller und anfangs stärker auf den weniger trägen Temperatursensor aus als auf den trägeren. Auch dies erlaubt es verschiedene Ursachen für Temperaturänderungen zu unterscheiden.Alternatively or additionally, a first temperature sensor is thermally less sluggish than a second temperature sensor. Temperature changes then affect the less sluggish temperature sensor faster and initially more strongly than the more sluggish one. This also allows different causes for temperature changes to be distinguished.
Insbesondere kann ein erster Temperatursensor eine geringere Wärmekapazität haben als ein zweiter Temperatursensor. Dies kann z. B. dadurch erreicht werden, dass der erste Temperatursensor eine dünnere Hülle hat oder insgesamt weniger Material aufweist als der zweite.In particular, a first temperature sensor can have a lower heat capacity than a second temperature sensor. This can e.g. B. be achieved in that the first temperature sensor has a thinner shell or has less material overall than the second.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform sind ein erster Temperatursensor weiter außen und ein zweiter Temperatursensor weiter innen in einer gemeinsamen Hülle angeordnet. So reagiert der weiter außen angeordnete Sensor früher und stärker als der weiter innen angeordnete. Die Sensoren befinden sich dann an der gleichen Position, verhalten sich aber dennoch unterschiedlich. Eine gemeinsame Hülle erleichtert den Einbau und die Führung elektrischer Zuleitungen.In another embodiment, a first temperature sensor is arranged further to the outside and a second temperature sensor is arranged further to the inside in a common casing. The sensor located further outside reacts earlier and more strongly than the one located further inside. The sensors are then in the same position, but still behave differently. A common shell facilitates the installation and routing of electrical leads.
Bevorzugt ist die Auswerteeinheit eingerichtet, die zeitlichen Verläufe der Messsignale beider Temperatursensoren auszuwerten, um das Zünden und/oder das Erlöschen von Flammen im Verbrennungsraum zu erkennen und von anderen Ursachen für Temperaturschwankungen zu unterscheiden. Dies kann basierend auf gespeicherten Erfahrungswerten und/oder Kalibrierdaten erfolgen, mit denen unterschiedliche Verläufe zwischen den gemessenen Werten der beiden Temperatursensoren verglichen werden.The evaluation unit is preferably set up to evaluate the time curves of the measurement signals of both temperature sensors in order to detect the ignition and/or the extinguishing of flames in the combustion chamber and to distinguish them from other causes of temperature fluctuations. This can be based on stored empirical values and/or calibration data, with which different curves between the measured values of the two temperature sensors are compared.
Ein weiterer Aspekt betrifft auch ein Computerprogrammprodukt umfassend Befehle, die bewirken, dass die beschriebene Anordnung das beschriebene Verfahren ausführt. Die Auswertung der von den Sensoren gemessenen Daten und deren weitere Verwendung im Heizgerät benötigen ein Programm und Daten für die Steuerung des Heizgerätes, wobei beides gelegentlich aktualisiert werden muss.A further aspect also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which cause the arrangement described to carry out the method described. The evaluation of the data measured by the sensors and their further use in the heater require a program and data for controlling the heater, both of which must be updated from time to time.
Die Erläuterungen zum Verfahren können zur näheren Charakterisierung der Anordnung herangezogen werden, und umgekehrt. Die Anordnung kann auch so eingerichtet sein, dass damit das Verfahren durchgeführt wird.The explanations for the method can be used for a more detailed characterization of the arrangement, and vice versa. The arrangement can also be set up in such a way that the method is carried out with it.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, auf die diese jedoch nicht beschränkt ist, und die Funktionsweise des Verfahrens werden nun anhand der schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es stellen dar:
- Fig. 1:
- ein Heizgerät mit zwei Temperatursensoren für die Flammenbeobachtung und
- Fig. 2:
- zwei Temperatursensoren in einer gemeinsamen Hülle.
- Figure 1:
- a heater with two temperature sensors for flame observation and
- Figure 2:
- two temperature sensors in a common shell.
Jede der Maßnahmen bewirkt (auch ohne die jeweils andere), dass eine Temperaturänderung (bzw. ein Zünden oder Erlöschen) der Flammen 7 sich auf beide Temperatursensoren 13, 14 unterschiedlich auswirkt. Ein thermisch trägerer und/oder von einer sich ändernden Wärmequelle (z. B. Flammen 7) entfernterer Sensor folgt einer Temperaturänderung später und langsamer als ein weniger träger oder näher angeordneter. Da sich die Wärmeabfuhr von beiden Sensoren durch unterschiedliche Umgebungsbedingungen nur wenig ändert, kann dieser Effekt gegenüber dem zu beobachtenden Effekt (Wärmezufuhr durch Flammen 7) fast eliminiert werden, indem man charakteristische Unterschiede in den zeitlichen Verläufen der Messsignale den zu erkennenden Ereignissen (Zünden und Erlöschen der Flammen 7) zuordnet. So kann man auch Modulationen des Heizgerätes und andere Vorkommnisse, die zu Temperaturänderungen führen vom Zünden und Erlöschen der Flammen 7 unterscheiden und unnötige Abschaltungen vermeiden.Each of the measures has the effect (even without the other one) that a temperature change (or ignition or extinguishing) of the
Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, mit einer einfachen und robusten Instrumentierung an einem Heizgerät 1, das mit Wasserstoff oder wasserstoffhaltigem Brenngas betrieben wird, die Sicherheits-Funktion eines Flammenwächters zuverlässig zu verwirklichen.The present invention makes it possible to reliably implement the safety function of a flame monitor with simple and robust instrumentation on a heating device 1 that is operated with hydrogen or fuel gas containing hydrogen.
- 11
- Heizgerätheater
- 22
- Luftzufuhrair supply
- 33
- Brenngaszufuhrfuel gas supply
- 44
- Auswerteeinheitevaluation unit
- 55
- Brenngasventilfuel gas valve
- 66
- Gebläsefan
- 77
- FlammenFlames
- 88th
- Brennerburner
- 99
- Verbrennungsraumcombustion chamber
- 1010
- Abgasanlageexhaust system
- 1111
- Steuerleitungencontrol lines
- 1212
- Messleitungentest leads
- 1313
- Erster Temperatursensor (dünn, nah)First temperature sensor (thin, close)
- 1414
- Zweiter Temperatursensor (dick, entfernt)Second temperature sensor (thick, removed)
- 1515
- Außensensoroutdoor sensor
- 1616
- Innensensorindoor sensor
- 1717
- Gemeinsames Gehäuse (massiv)Common housing (solid)
- 1818
- Gehäusefüllungcase filling
Claims (11)
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DE102021106951.3A DE102021106951A1 (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | Method and arrangement for observing flames in a heating device that can be operated with hydrogen or fuel gas containing hydrogen |
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EP4063732A1 true EP4063732A1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
EP4063732B1 EP4063732B1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
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EP4155611A1 (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-03-29 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for detecting a burner flame extinguishment |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29612014U1 (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1996-09-05 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh, 35576 Wetzlar | Gas burner |
WO2004015333A2 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-19 | Merloni Termosanitari S.P.A. | Combustion control system with virtual lambda sensor |
EP2821705A1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-07 | Karl Dungs GmbH & Co.KG | Method and device for determining the calorific value of a fuel gas mixture by means of an ionisation sensor |
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EP2159525A1 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-03 | Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH | Method for operating an oven and device for carrying out the method |
DE202009004507U1 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2009-07-02 | Neumann & Co. Wasserzähler Glaubitz GmbH | Device for detecting the heat consumption of objects associated with monotube heating systems |
DE102019217537A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and device for regulating combustion in combustion systems |
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2021
- 2021-03-22 DE DE102021106951.3A patent/DE102021106951A1/en active Pending
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29612014U1 (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1996-09-05 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh, 35576 Wetzlar | Gas burner |
WO2004015333A2 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-19 | Merloni Termosanitari S.P.A. | Combustion control system with virtual lambda sensor |
EP2821705A1 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-07 | Karl Dungs GmbH & Co.KG | Method and device for determining the calorific value of a fuel gas mixture by means of an ionisation sensor |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP4155611A1 (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-03-29 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for detecting a burner flame extinguishment |
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