EP4047271B1 - Verbrennungsanlage - Google Patents

Verbrennungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4047271B1
EP4047271B1 EP21158466.9A EP21158466A EP4047271B1 EP 4047271 B1 EP4047271 B1 EP 4047271B1 EP 21158466 A EP21158466 A EP 21158466A EP 4047271 B1 EP4047271 B1 EP 4047271B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
combustion
protrusion
pass
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21158466.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4047271C0 (de
EP4047271A1 (de
Inventor
Ferdinand Krüll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doosan Lentjes GmbH filed Critical Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority to PL21158466.9T priority Critical patent/PL4047271T3/pl
Priority to HRP20231166TT priority patent/HRP20231166T1/hr
Priority to EP21158466.9A priority patent/EP4047271B1/de
Priority to ES21158466T priority patent/ES2959017T3/es
Publication of EP4047271A1 publication Critical patent/EP4047271A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4047271B1 publication Critical patent/EP4047271B1/de
Publication of EP4047271C0 publication Critical patent/EP4047271C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an incineration plant for solid material (i.e. waste or biomass) having a combustion chamber in which the solid material is combusted and which is partly delimited by a front ceiling, a combustion grate with which the solid material and combusted solid material can be conveyed through the combustion chamber, a primary air supply below the top of the combustion grate, a first pass arranged above the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber and the first pass forming a transition region between the combustion chamber and the first pass such that a center flow arrangement is embodied.
  • the incineration plant may also comprise a combustion material inlet through which solid material can be introduced, a feed shaft in which the solid material is introduced and which leads to the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion grate is usually arranged within a lower section of the combustion chamber.
  • the solid material (i.e. waste) and combusted solid material can be conveyed by the combustion grate through the combustion chamber from an end of the combustion material feed shaft to a slag container.
  • Primary air is supplied from below the combustion grate to the solid material arranged on the combustion grate, so that the solid material arranged on the combustion grate is combusted with the primary air.
  • the main process steps on the grate (in the direction of travel of the solid waste) are: drying of the waste, devolatilization, combustion, afterburning of the solid residues (mainly ash and slag).
  • the solid material and combusted solid material conveyed by the combustion grate is also referred to as solid material bed.
  • the combustion grate is preferably embodied as reciprocating grate, but it is also possible that the combustion grate is embodied in a different way, for example as vibrating grate, travelling grate or roller grate.
  • nozzles may be arranged above the combustion grate within the combustion chamber and/or within the first pass, with which nozzle(s) secondary air, tertiary air for afterburning or an oxygen poor carrier gas can be provided to the combustion gases.
  • the first pass (in German: erster Switzerland) is to be understood that part of the incineration plant above the combustion grate, in which the combustion gases from the combustion chamber advance upwards, wherein secondary air, tertiary air for afterburning or other gases may be added to the combustion gases in the first pass.
  • a center-flow arrangement In case of a center-flow arrangement the transition region between the combustion chamber and the first pass is located above the middle of the combustion grate. With such an arrangement the composition of solid waste may vary considerably and thus a compromise for a wide feed value spectrum is given.
  • Such a center flow arrangement is also characterized in that combustion gases from the first section of the solid material bed need to flow along the direction of travel of the combustion grate in order to flow into the first pass and that combustion gases from the last section of the solid material bed need to flow against the direction of travel of the solid material bed in order to flow into the first pass.
  • the present invention relates to these center-flow arrangements only. Accordingly, the present invention relates to incineration plants, in which the transition region between the combustion chamber and the first pass is located above the middle of the combustion grate.
  • the combustion chamber of a center-flow arrangement comprises a front (upper) ceiling, which is in particular horizontally oriented or inclined slightly upwards towards the first pass.
  • This front ceiling is delimiting the combustion chamber at the beginning/front of the combustion chamber in the direction of travel of the solid waste. Accordingly, the front ceiling is arranged above a first section of the combustion grate in case of a center flow furnace.
  • the combustion chamber of a center-flow arrangement usually comprises a rear (upper) ceiling, which is in particular inclined upwards towards the first pass.
  • This rear ceiling is delimiting the combustion chamber at the end of the combustion chamber in the direction of travel of the solid waste. Accordingly, the rear ceiling is arranged above a last section of the combustion grate in case of a center flow furnace.
  • the transition region may embody a constriction, meaning that the cross section of the combustion chamber in a vertical direction decreases towards the constriction and that the cross section of the first pass increases in a vertical direction above the constriction.
  • At least one empty pass may be arranged downstream of the first pass extending vertically or horizontally, wherein the flue gases flow from the first pass through the at least one empty pass to a heat recovery steam generator.
  • a heat recovery steam generator downstream of the empty pass may be arranged (in sections) vertically and/or horizontally, wherein also an oblique orientation is possible.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber, the first pass, the empty pass(es) and the heat generator are usually equipped with heat exchangers (i.e. tubes), wherein the heat exchange medium of the heat exchangers is in particular provided to one common boiler drum.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber are usually lined with refractory bricks, while the wall of the first pass is usually directly formed by tubes, wherein adjacent tubes are interconnected by metallic sheets (also called fins).
  • a flue gas purification device downstream of the heat recovery steam generator may comprise elements for dedusting, scrubbing and/or desulfurization (such as SCR or SNCR) of the flue gas.
  • a chimney may be arranged downstream of the flue gas purification device.
  • An incineration plant with the above described features is known from WO2020187637A1 . In such a center flow furnaces depositions on the walls of the first pass have to be elaborately removed.
  • An incineration plant with the features according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 196 48 639A1 .
  • the object is in particular achieved with an incineration plant as described above, wherein a protrusion is embodied in the transition region, which extends downwards below the front ceiling.
  • the combustion chamber is (virtually) divided in a vortex chamber at the front of the combustion chamber (viewed in the direction of travel of the solid waste) and a main combustion chamber, in which the combustion and afterburning occurs.
  • the at least one protrusion is arranged in such a way in the transition region that flue gases from the first part of the combustion grate are forced in a downward oriented flow and preferable in a vortex flow.
  • the transition region is partly embodied by the combustion chamber and partly embodied by the first pass.
  • the projection may be attached to or embodied by a wall section of the primary pass.
  • the protrusion might be arranged at the front ceiling or may be part of the front ceiling. In any case the protrusion needs to extend downwards below the neighboring section of the front ceiling so that combustion gases/flue gases from the first section of the solid material bed are deflected downwards or even into a vortex like stream.
  • protrusion there is one protrusion or that there are multiple protrusions arranged beside each other along the width of the primary combustion chamber.
  • there is exactly one protrusion which extends over the whole width of the primary combustion chamber. This way a single (in cross sectional view) nose shaped deflection wall is formed, so that all flue gases from the first section of the combustion grate are deflected downwards.
  • the protrusion has its greatest cross section at its base near the front ceiling, while the cross section of the protrusion decreases to a tip of the protrusion.
  • the protrusion may also extend in the direction of travel of the combustion grate, so that the tip of the protrusion is arranged below a constriction of the transition region.
  • the protrusion may also extend against the direction of travel of the combustion grate.
  • At least one nozzle may be arranged within the protrusion. If multiple protrusions are embodied, one nozzle may be arranged within each protrusion. Preferably, multiple nozzles are provided, which are arranged besides each other in the exactly one protrusion extending over the whole width of the primary combustion chamber.
  • the at least one nozzle may be oriented in such a way, that the resulting free-jet is oriented backwards towards a combustion chamber inlet (which inlet might be embodied by the outlet of the feed shaft to the combustion chamber). It is also possible that the nozzle is oriented in such a way that the resulting free-jet is oriented downwards. Nevertheless, the nozzle may be oriented in any direction in between, so that the free-jet has an angle between 0° and 90° to a vertical plane. Most preferably, the nozzle is oriented 40° to 50° in relation to the vertical plane.
  • the projection protrudes over the neighboring/adjacent parts of the front ceiling by at least 0,5 m, preferably by at least 1 m, which might depend on the size of the combustion chamber.
  • the projection has such an extension downwards that the height of the primary combustion chamber (measured from the top of the combustion grate straightly upwards until the ceiling) along the direction of travel of the combustion grate is reduced by the protrusion by at least 10 %, preferable by at least 20 %.
  • the height of the combustion chamber at the maximum extension of the protrusion is at least 10% less than the height of the combustion chamber in front of the protrusion.
  • the figure depicts schematically a combustion chamber 1 and a first pass 4 of an incineration plant for waste.
  • a combustion grate 2 is arranged, with which the waste can be conveyed from a combustion chamber inlet (on the left side of the figure) to a (not shown) slag container on the right lower side of the combustion chamber 1.
  • Primary air is supplied from below the combustion grate 2 by a primary air supply 3.
  • Secondary air can be supplied into the combustion chamber 1 by secondary nozzles 8.
  • the front section of the combustion chamber 1 is delimited by a front ceiling 8.
  • the combustion chamber 1 and the first pass 4 define a transition region 5.
  • the first pass 4 is arranged above the middle of the combustion grate 3, thereby embodying a center flow type incineration plant.
  • One protrusion 6 extending over the whole width of the combustion chamber 1 is formed in the transition region 5.
  • the protrusion 6 extends downwards below the front ceiling 7, so that combustion gases from the solid material bed in the first section of the combustion chamber 1 are deflected downwards and eventually into a vortex flow. This way aerosols and other components of the flue gas from the first section of the solid material bed on top of the combustion grate 3 are forced downwardly into the main combustion area of the combustion chamber 1. This way depositions on the walls of the first pass 4 are reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verbrennungsanlage für Feststoffe mit
    - einer Brennkammer (1), in der der Feststoff verbrannt wird und die teilweise durch eine vordere Decke (7) begrenzt ist,
    - einem Verbrennungsrost (2), mit dem der Feststoff und der verbrannte Feststoff durch die Brennkammer (1) befördert werden können,
    - einer Primärluftzufuhr (3) unterhalb der Oberseite des Verbrennungsrostes (2),
    - einem oberhalb der Brennkammer (1) angeordneten ersten Zug (4), wobei die Brennkammer (1) und der erste Zug (4) einen Übergangsbereich (5) zwischen der Brennkammer (1) und dem ersten Zug (4) bilden, so dass eine Mittenströmung ausgebildet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass in dem Übergangsbereich (5) ein Vorsprung (6) ausgebildet ist, der sich unterhalb der vorderen Decke (7) nach unten erstreckt.
  2. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich der Vorsprung (6) über die gesamte Breite der Brennkammer (1) erstreckt.
  3. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei innerhalb des Vorsprungs (6) mindestens eine Düse (8) angeordnet ist.
  4. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 3, wobei die mindestens eine Düse (8) nach hinten zu einem Brennkammereinlass gerichtet ist.
  5. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die mindestens eine Düse (8) nach unten gerichtet ist.
  6. Verbrennungsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Vorsprung (6) mindestens 0,5 m, vorzugsweise mindestens 1 m, von dem angrenzenden Teil der vorderen Decke (7) nach unten ragt.
  7. Verbrennungsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Vorsprung (6) eine solche Ausdehnung aufweist, dass die Höhe der Brennkammer (1) entlang der Laufrichtung des Verbrennungsrostes (2) durch den Vorsprung um mindestens 10 % verringert wird.
EP21158466.9A 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Verbrennungsanlage Active EP4047271B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL21158466.9T PL4047271T3 (pl) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Spalarnia
HRP20231166TT HRP20231166T1 (hr) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Postrojenje za spaljivanje
EP21158466.9A EP4047271B1 (de) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Verbrennungsanlage
ES21158466T ES2959017T3 (es) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Planta de incineración

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21158466.9A EP4047271B1 (de) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Verbrennungsanlage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4047271A1 EP4047271A1 (de) 2022-08-24
EP4047271B1 true EP4047271B1 (de) 2023-08-02
EP4047271C0 EP4047271C0 (de) 2023-08-02

Family

ID=74673112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21158466.9A Active EP4047271B1 (de) 2021-02-22 2021-02-22 Verbrennungsanlage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4047271B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2959017T3 (de)
HR (1) HRP20231166T1 (de)
PL (1) PL4047271T3 (de)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59509469D1 (de) * 1995-05-05 2001-09-06 Bbp Environment Gmbh Verfahren und Feuerung zum Verbrennen von Abfällen
DE19648639C2 (de) * 1996-10-10 1998-09-17 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff auf einem Rost und Rostfeuerung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP3887149B2 (ja) * 2000-07-06 2007-02-28 株式会社神戸製鋼所 ストーカ炉及びそれによる焼却方法
JP6397308B2 (ja) * 2014-10-31 2018-09-26 川崎重工業株式会社 焼却プラント
EP3712498B1 (de) 2019-03-19 2022-02-16 Doosan Lentjes GmbH Verfahren zum betrieb einer verbrennungsanlage für festmaterial
CN211204051U (zh) * 2019-07-23 2020-08-07 光大环保技术研究院（南京）有限公司 一种生活垃圾焚烧炉排炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HRP20231166T1 (hr) 2024-01-05
ES2959017T3 (es) 2024-02-19
EP4047271C0 (de) 2023-08-02
EP4047271A1 (de) 2022-08-24
PL4047271T3 (pl) 2023-12-18

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