EP4045270A1 - Blown film extruder and method for producing a film web - Google Patents

Blown film extruder and method for producing a film web

Info

Publication number
EP4045270A1
EP4045270A1 EP20792566.0A EP20792566A EP4045270A1 EP 4045270 A1 EP4045270 A1 EP 4045270A1 EP 20792566 A EP20792566 A EP 20792566A EP 4045270 A1 EP4045270 A1 EP 4045270A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
stretching
film web
web
bubble
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20792566.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Backmann
Markus Bussmann
Gerhard Middelberg
Till Bergmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Windmoeller and Hoelscher KG
Original Assignee
Windmoeller and Hoelscher KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Windmoeller and Hoelscher KG filed Critical Windmoeller and Hoelscher KG
Publication of EP4045270A1 publication Critical patent/EP4045270A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9115Cooling of hollow articles
    • B29C48/912Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
    • B29C48/913Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films externally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0018Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0019Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9115Cooling of hollow articles
    • B29C48/912Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
    • B29C48/9125Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films internally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/04Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
    • B29C55/06Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/28Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of blown tubular films, e.g. by inflation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92114Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92152Thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92647Thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a blown film line for producing a film web according to claim 1 and a method for producing a film web according to claim 2.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a blown film system with liquid cooling and a corresponding method in such a way that films with numerous other properties can be produced or their properties can be changed over a wide range of variance.
  • the object is achieved by a blown film plant for producing a film web according to claim 1.
  • a blown film line according to the invention is at least equipped with:
  • a blown film that has been cooled with a liquid cooling device is, as already described, more amorphous and can therefore be stretched better than films that can be produced in a blown film plant with air cooling.
  • this achieves important advantages. Because of the better stretchability, more uniform film properties can be achieved. Furthermore, higher degrees of stretching are possible, ie the film can be stretched significantly longer than the original length than films from a blown film line with air cooling. Larger degrees of stretching lead, among other things, to a better flatness of the film. Furthermore, by stretching such films, more rigid films can be obtained.
  • the rigidity of foils is particularly important for various subsequent processing of the foil.
  • these layers are hard and stiff and can also be stretched better with a blown film line according to the invention than a blown film line with air cooling.
  • This enables a barrier layer to have a higher barrier effect.
  • an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOFI) becomes crystalline during stretching and therefore has a higher barrier effect, based on the layer thickness, than similar films made with air cooling.
  • a liquid cooling device can enclose the film bubble and comprise a liquid reservoir which holds a liquid between the inner wall of the liquid cooling device and the outer circumference of the Foil bubble conducts.
  • a liquid cooling device arranged within the film bubble can be provided.
  • water can be provided as the liquid for cooling the film bubble because of its ease of handling and availability.
  • the blow head is arranged above the liquid cooling device in relation to the direction of gravity.
  • the film bubble can thus be transported in the direction of gravity, so that the liquid does not have to be conveyed in a certain direction, but can also flow downwards.
  • the flattening device is preferably attached in the direction of gravity.
  • a squeezing device is connected in the transport direction of the film to the flattening device, which presses the layers of the double-layer film web strongly against one another so that a gas that is located within the film bubble does not remain between the layers of the double-layer film tube and in particular to inadequacies leads in the stretching process. Furthermore, provision can be made for a reversing device to follow in the transport direction of the film of the lay-flat device and in particular of the squeezing device Later laps run back and forth, so that a lap that is as ideal as possible is created.
  • the hose opening and turning device is provided. This is arranged downstream of the lay-flat device in the transport direction of the film web and upstream of the stretching device.
  • This tube opening and folding device initially comprises a separating device with which a longitudinal edge with which the two layers of the film web can be separated so that the two layers are only connected to one another via the second longitudinal edge. After the separation, one of the layers is turned over around the second longitudinal edge by means of guide devices, so that from The double-layer film web creates a single-layer film web which, however, now in particular has twice the width. This film web can then be stretched in the stretching device. In this way, the loss of material through the neck-in can be reduced.
  • the absolute value of the neck-in depends only on the stretch ratio and not on the width. This means that, based on the total width of the film web, the proportion of the neck-in is reduced, so that the total amount of waste can be reduced by half. In a blown film system with liquid cooling, this procedure leads to better film quality, since with an amorphous film the two longitudinal edges are more stable and, for example, do not tend to tear during folding over.
  • the liquid can be tempered differently over the circumference of the blown film.
  • the blown film can thus be temperature-controlled differently over its circumference. Areas that are cooled faster compared to the average cooling rate are solidified faster and hardly change their thickness. Areas that are cooled more slowly, however, can continue to "flow" so that the local thickness is reduced in these areas.
  • the thickness profile of the blown film can thus be influenced in a simple manner.
  • the film thickness can be reduced at points at which the thickening associated with the neck-in later occurs in order to achieve the desired film thickness after the thickening. This again helps to reduce the amount of waste, as the subsequent trim can be reduced.
  • film temperature control devices are also provided in the transport direction before or after the liquid cooling device.
  • infrared radiators can be provided here, which can irradiate the film, in particular at its later longitudinal edges, so that the film becomes thinner here.
  • An additional application of tempered water or tempered air, in particular in the area of the later longitudinal edges of the foils, can produce the effect described above.
  • the stretching device can follow the reversing device in the transport direction of the film web and be arranged upstream of a winding device. In this case, the stretching device is stationary and can therefore be supplied with energy and cooling liquids in a simple manner.
  • the stretching device can directly adjoin the flattening device.
  • the film then only reaches a reversing device provided.
  • the still warm film can be stretched more easily, but the stretching device must also be mounted in a reversing manner.
  • a cutting or puncturing device which can be arranged upstream of the stretching device, is provided, with which the film can be cut or punctured, in particular in the area near the longitudinal edges.
  • a cutting or puncturing device which can be arranged upstream of the stretching device, is provided, with which the film can be cut or punctured, in particular in the area near the longitudinal edges.
  • any gas that may still be trapped between the layers of the double-layer film web can escape, which leads to an improved result of the stretching process.
  • at least one profile measuring device is provided with which a thickness profile of the film web can be created at least partially over its transverse extent.
  • Such a profile measuring device can be provided upstream and / or downstream of the stretching device.
  • the double-layer film web has been stretched in the stretching device and it is later divided into two individual layers in order to wind them up separately, it is advantageous to provide at least one further profile measuring device with which a thickness profile of at least one of the individual layers can be measured.
  • the at least one profile measuring device is connected to an evaluation and control device, which in turn controls the temperature control devices of the liquid cooling device and / or the film temperature control devices so that a profile control loop is generated.
  • the liquid cooling device has a cross-section deviating from a circular shape.
  • the cross section can be elliptical.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic side view of a blown film line according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 representation of a stretching device
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for positioning a film web.
  • a film bubble 2 is extruded through an annular nozzle gap of the blow head 3 in the direction z, in particular in the downward direction of gravity.
  • a gas which has a pressure that is higher than the ambient pressure, is generally fed into the interior of the film tube 2 through a feed line (not shown). For this reason, the film tube initially expands further during its transport in the direction z. Due to the gas content of the film tube, this is referred to as a film bubble.
  • the expansion only comes to an end when the film tube enters a liquid cooling device 4, which is an essential part of the device 1.
  • the radial expansion possibility of the film tube is limited by the inner wall 5.
  • the film tube often solidifies Entry into the device to form a crystalline or partially crystalline composite. This is done by cooling below the melting point of the material of the film tube.
  • the circumferential line which is defined by the points of transition from melted to solid, is referred to as frost line 6.
  • the liquid cooling device 4 comprises a liquid reservoir 7, the liquid being able to reach the area between the inner wall 5 and the outer circumference of the film bubble 2 along the arrow 8 in order to cool the film bubble.
  • the film bubble 2 After passing through the liquid cooling device 4, the film bubble 2 arrives in the active area of a lay-flat device 9, in which the circular film tube is first converted into an elliptical cross-section with increasing eccentricity until it finally has two film webs lying on top of one another at their side edges in the area of influence of the squeezing device are interconnected, forms. In other words, there is now a double-layer film web 24.
  • the flattening device 9 is arranged to be rotatable, the axis of rotation essentially being aligned with the hose axis 11, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by a dash-dotted line. The rotatability of the
  • the flattening device is indicated by the arrow 12.
  • the ring 4 is divided into different circumferential sections.
  • Each circumferential section of the liquid cooling device 4 can be able to act on the film bubble with a volume flow (amount of liquid per unit of time) that differs over the circumference of the film bubble and / or with a liquid flow with a temperature that varies over the circumference of the film tube.
  • Water is preferably provided as the liquid.
  • the film tube is individually tempered, in particular cooled to a lesser extent or even heated.
  • the circumferential sections of the film tube which due to the lower cooling effect of the liquid cooling device, “flow away” to a great extent, form a thin point 13. With a larger one On the other hand, the cooling effect reduces the flow, so that thick spots are formed here. Thick places and thin places have a greater or lesser thickness compared to the average thickness of the film tube.
  • the thin point always arrives at a fixed position of the lay-flat device, it is also necessary in connection with a stretching device that the thin point moves along the circumference, which is indicated in the figure by the arrow 14.
  • This “wandering” of the thin point is realized by changing the parameters of the circumferential section of the ring closest in the direction of arrow 14 in order to now generate a thin point adjacent to the circumferential section of the film tube which just has a thin point.
  • the current thin point is moved back in that the relevant circumferential section of the ring now again has a stronger cooling effect on the angular section assigned to it.
  • a thickness measuring device 18 (also often referred to as a profile measuring device) can be provided which, viewed in the transport direction z, is preferably arranged between the liquid cooling device 4 and the flattening device 9.
  • the thickness measuring device 18 comprises, for example, a measuring head which can determine the thickness of the wall of the film tube at its current position.
  • the measuring head can be designed to be movable around the film tube in order to be able to repeat the measurement at different positions, which is represented by the double arrow 19.
  • the distance between two positions at which a thickness measurement can be carried out can be variably adjustable .
  • it can be arranged displaceably on a rail 20, the rail 20 engaging in a ring around the film tube.
  • an evaluation and / or control device 40 is provided with which the liquid cooling device 4 can be controlled so that a desired thickness profile can be generated.
  • This thickness profile or this The necessary control parameters can be generated dynamically for the individual segments of the liquid cooling device 4, so that the resulting thickness profile moves in phase and in particular with an offset with the rotation of the flattening device.
  • the offset is preferably 0.
  • the data line 41 is available for control commands.
  • the thickness measuring device 18 can measure a thickness profile. Measured values (in raw form or already as a thickness profile) are fed to the evaluation and / or control device 40 via the data line 42. The evaluation and / or control device 40 can now do the measured
  • evaluation and / or control device 40 also take into account the thickness profiles that are associated with the
  • Thickness measuring device 38 and with at least one of the thickness measuring devices 45 have been recorded.
  • the influencing factors of these individual thickness measuring devices can be weighted and taken into account when modifying the control commands.
  • Thickness profiles are primarily taken into account to influence the offset. It can be advantageous that the control parameters that are necessary for setting the target profile are stored in the event of an inflow to a turning point and are mirrored again or taken into account in the event of an expiration from a turning point. So the values for a
  • liquid cooling device 4 is a synonym for all possibilities of influencing the thickness profile of the film web. It is thus also possible to provide other or further devices for impressing a thickness profile on the film tube and / or the double-layer film web and / or the first and / or the second film web is provided.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a reversing device 15, which has the task of guiding the flattened film bubble, that is to say the double-layer film web, from the flattening device to the stationary roller 16 without damage occurring.
  • the arrow 17 indicates that this film tube is now being guided for further processing, which is explained in more detail in the following figures.
  • Reversing means that various elements, in particular the individual deflection rollers and turning stations, move back and forth between two end points. This movement is preferably a rotary or pivoting movement. The end points can therefore also be referred to as turning points.
  • FIG. 2 now shows, by way of example, a stretching device 30 which is connected inline to the device 1 shown in FIG.
  • a stretching device is not limited to the embodiment described below.
  • Inline means that the double-layer film web 24 is fed from the device 1 directly from the production process, i.e. without transporting the film web in a manageable form.
  • the film web 24 runs into the stretching device 30 along the web transport direction z.
  • the task of the sizing rollers 32 is to bring the film web 24, which has already been completely or partially cooled, back to a temperature which is sufficient for a stretching or stretching process.
  • Stretching units usually carry out stretching processes, ie the film has already cooled down and has to be brought back to the stretching temperature. Stretching processes, such as those used in blown film extrusion, are also conceivable (in particular if the stretching device follows a film extrusion system inline). In this case, the film web has not yet cooled down completely.
  • the film web 24 After the film web 24 has been brought back to a stretching temperature in the area 28 of the sizing rollers 32, it runs into the area of the stretching roller 22 and the nip roller 33 and crosses the gap between these two rollers 22, 33 Draw nip 21 in order to then reach the surface of the draw roller 23 and leave the draw nip 21.
  • This stretching roller 23 forms a roller gap with the nip roller 36. Due to a lower peripheral speed of the first pair of rollers 22, 33 compared to the second pair of rollers 23, 36, the film web 24 is elongated, that is to say stretched, in the stretching gap 21. Two effects occur here which are not desired and which make it necessary to separate longitudinal strips on the sides of the film webs.
  • the first effect is a reduction in the film width during stretching (the so-called neck in).
  • the second effect is a thickening of the edges of the film web.
  • the film web 24 After passing through the stretching gap, of which there can also be several in a row, the film web 24 reaches the region 29, which comprises cooling rollers, each designated by the reference numeral 37, in which the film web 24 is cooled again.
  • the film web 24 After leaving this area 29, the film web 24 has again reached a somewhat lower temperature, so that its surface can withstand the transport over the guide roller 31 in the transport direction z without further damage.
  • the film web 24 is then conveyed further in the direction of the arrow 34 and at the end of an optional further processing is fed to a winding device in which the film web is wound up as a double-layer film web or separately in two individual layers becomes.
  • a winding device in which the film web is wound up as a double-layer film web or separately in two individual layers becomes.
  • the film web or the individual layers of the film web receive longitudinal cuts and are wound up next to one another in several panels.
  • a cutting or puncturing device 35 can be provided, with which the double-layer film web can be cut or punctured so that air or another gas that could still be within the double-layer film web could escape.
  • the film web is cut lengthways along or near a side edge, so that the double-layer film web is only connected via one side edge. It may also be desirable to cut the two-ply film web at both of its side edges. This is necessary in particular from certain thicknesses of the film web, since the air transport to a side edge of the film web may not take place sufficiently quickly.
  • a thickness measuring device 38 is provided with which a thickness profile of the double-layer film web can be recorded after it has been stretched.
  • the thickness measuring device 38 can in turn be a measuring head which is arranged on a rail that is movable along a rail that extends at least partially transversely to the transport direction. The measuring head is in turn able to measure the thickness of the film web 24 at its current position. The measuring head can then become a further position at which a further measurement can be carried out.
  • the measuring head it is not necessary that the measuring head has to be stopped to measure the thickness. Rather, it can basically be provided that the measuring head carries out measurements at adjustable time intervals, but the speed of movement is variable. For example, in connection with the present invention it can be fundamentally desirable for the measuring head to be moved more slowly at the edges of the film web in order to increase the density of the measurements here, which increases the accuracy of the thickness profile at the edges. In addition, it can in principle be conceivable that the
  • Thickness measuring device 38 is designed and set up to also measure beyond the edge of the film web in order to be able to make statements about the current width of the film web.
  • FIG. 3 shows a film separating device 50, which is shown here in connection with two winding points 60, 61, but can also be provided independently of this.
  • the film web 34 can already have been subjected to a pretreatment before entering the film separating device.
  • a first edge trim can already have taken place in order to cut off part of the thickened areas at the edge, which leads to an improved quality of an optional pretreatment.
  • Further cutting devices 51 in particular in the form of cutting knives, are provided within the film separating device, each of which carries out the final edge trimming on one edge of the still double-layered film web.
  • the double-layer film web is guided over rollers 52 and 53, which primarily ensure the web tension necessary for the edge trimming.
  • the double-layer film web is separated into two individual layers, which, however, are still directly on top of one another.
  • the actual separation of the layers takes place by the rollers 54, 55, which form a roller gap.
  • the first layer is fed to the first winding point 60, where it runs over various additional rollers and is wound onto the winding 62.
  • a second thickness measuring device 45 is provided downstream of the separating device, the structure and mode of operation of which is preferably similar to that of the thickness measuring device 38.
  • the measurement results (in raw form or as an evaluated thickness profile) are fed to the evaluation and control device 40 via a data line 44, for example by wire and / or wirelessly.
  • the second layer can be fed to the winding point 61, the structure and function of which is identical to the first winding point.
  • a second thickness measuring device can also be provided for measuring the second position. Reference is made here to the description in the previous paragraph with regard to structure and mode of operation.
  • the thickness measurement profiles that are recorded downstream of the separating device can be continuously added up by the evaluation and / or control device in order to be able to record a roll sum profile, i.e. the addition of the thickness profiles of the individual layers in a roll.
  • a roll sum profile i.e. the addition of the thickness profiles of the individual layers in a roll.
  • deviations in the film thickness from the mean film thickness i.e. thick and / or thin areas, are distributed in the axial direction of the roll, so that overall a uniform circumference of the roll is created.
  • a stretching device is provided, this can result in further thick or thin areas that can no longer be compensated for with a reversal.

Abstract

The invention relates to a blown film extruder (1) for producing a film web (24, 34), comprising: at least one extruder for providing a plastic material in the form of a melt; a blown film die (3) having a circumferential die gap, by means of which the plastic material in the form of a melt can be converted to a film bubble (2) emerging from the die gap; at least one liquid cooling device (4) for cooling the film bubble (2), a liquid being applicable to the outer circumference and/or to the inner circumference of the film bubble (2) by means of the liquid cooling device (4); a flattening device (9) by means of which the film bubble (2) can be formed to a two-layer film web (24, 34), the two layers at least partly and in particular completely touching one another across their surfaces; and at least one stretching device (30) for stretching the film web (24, 34) in the longitudinal direction.

Description

Blasfolienanlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Folienbahn Blown film line and method for producing a film web
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Blasfolienanlage zur Herstellung einer Folienbahn nach dem Patentanspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Folienbahn nach dem Patentanspruch 2. The invention relates to a blown film line for producing a film web according to claim 1 and a method for producing a film web according to claim 2.
Die Blasfolienextrusion, bei der die Folie mittels eines Flüssigkeitsbades gekühlt wird, ist seit vielen Jahren bekannt. Im Vergleich zur weitaus häufiger verwendeten Blasfolienextrusion mit Luftkühlung lassen sich Folien mit anderen Eigenschaften hersteilen. Allen voran ist mit einem Flüssigkeitsbad eine schnellere Wärmeabfuhr aus der Folie erreichen, so dass diese schneller abkühlt als bei einer Luftkühlung. Dadurch ist es möglich, eine amorphere Folienstruktur zu erhalten. Bei einer langsameren Abkühlung treten häufiger Kristallisierungen des Kunststoffmaterials in der Folie auf, was unter anderem zu einer verringerten Transparenz der Folie führen kann. Es lässt sich wegen der schnelleren Kühlung, die mit einer Flüssigkeitskühlung möglich ist, auch eine dickere Folie hersteilen. Blown film extrusion, in which the film is cooled by means of a liquid bath, has been known for many years. In comparison to the much more frequently used blown film extrusion with air cooling, films with different properties can be produced. Above all, with a liquid bath, heat can be dissipated more quickly from the film, so that it cools down more quickly than with air cooling. This makes it possible to obtain a more amorphous film structure. If the cooling is slower, the plastic material crystallizes more frequently in the film, which, among other things, can lead to a reduced transparency of the film. Because of the faster cooling that is possible with liquid cooling, a thicker film can also be produced.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, eine Blasfolienanlage mit einer Flüssigkeitskühlung und ein entsprechendes Verfahren derart weiterzubilden, dass sich Folien mit zahlreichen weiteren Eigenschaften hersteilen lassen beziehungsweise deren Eigenschaften sich in einem großen Varianzbereich ändern lassen. Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Blasfolienanlage zur Herstellung einer Folienbahn gemäß Anspruch 1. In der folgenden Beschreibung sind Ausführungsbeispiele und weitere Konkretisierungen der Erfindung angegeben. The object of the present invention is to develop a blown film system with liquid cooling and a corresponding method in such a way that films with numerous other properties can be produced or their properties can be changed over a wide range of variance. The object is achieved by a blown film plant for producing a film web according to claim 1. In the following description, exemplary embodiments and further details of the invention are given.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Blasfolienanlage ist zumindest ausgestattet mit: A blown film line according to the invention is at least equipped with:
• wenigstens einem Extruder zur Bereitstellung eines schmelzeförmigen Kunststoffes • at least one extruder to provide a molten plastic
• einem Blaskopf mit einem umlaufenden Düsenspalt, mit welchem der schmelzeförmige Kunststoff zu einer aus dem Düsenspalt austretenden Folienblase umwandelbar ist, • a blow head with a circumferential nozzle gap, with which the molten plastic can be converted into a film bubble emerging from the nozzle gap,
• mit wenigstens einer Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung zur Kühlung der Folienblase, wobei mit der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung auf den Außenumfang und/oder auf den Innenumfang der Folienblase eine Flüssigkeit gebbar ist, • With at least one liquid cooling device for cooling the film bubble, with the liquid cooling device being able to give a liquid to the outer circumference and / or to the inner circumference of the film bubble,
• mit einer Flachlegeeinrichtung, mit welcher die Folienblase zu einer doppellagigen Folienbahn umformbar ist, wobei die beiden Lagen sich zumindest teilweise und insbesondere im Wesentlichen vollflächig berühren, • with a lay-flat device with which the film bubble can be formed into a double-layer film web, the two layers touching at least partially and in particular essentially over the entire surface,
• einer wenigstens einer Streckeinrichtung zum Strecken der Folienbahn in Längsrichtung. • at least one stretching device for stretching the film web in the longitudinal direction.
Eine Blasfolie, die mit einer Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung gekühlt worden sind, sind, wie bereits beschrieben wurde, amorpher und lassen sich daher besser strecken als Folien, die in einer Blasfolienanlage mit einer Luftkühlung hergestellt werden können. Damit werden unter Anderem wichtige Vorteile erzielt. Wegen der besseren Streckbarkeit lassen sich gleichmäßigere Folieneigenschaften erzielen. Weiterhin sind höhere Streckgrade möglich, d.h. die Folie lässt sich gegenüber der ursprünglichen Länge deutlich länger Strecken als Folien aus einer Blasfolienanlage mit einer Luftkühlung. Größere Streckgrade führen unter anderem zu einer besseren Planlage der Folie. Ferner können durch das Strecken derartiger Folien steifere Folien erzielt werden. Die Steifigkeit von Folien ist für verschiedene Nachfolgeverarbeitungen der Folie besonders wichtig. Die Erzeugung amorpherer Folien aufgrund einer Flüssigkeitskühlung führt ferner dazu, dass das in Streckanlagen stets auftretende Neck-In reduzierbar ist. Neck-In bezeichnet die Verschmälerung der Folie aufgrund des Streckens im Streckspalt (Reckspalt = Weg zwischen einem ersten Walzenpaar und einem zweiten Walzenpaar, dessen Walzen mit einer größeren Umfangsgeschwindigkeit betrieben werden als die Walzen des ersten Walzenpaares). Es lassen sich auch höhere Streckgeschwindigkeiten realisieren, was dazu führt, dass kleinere Streckspalte verwendbar sind im Vergleich zu luftgekühlten Folien. Ein kleinerer Streckspalt führt zu einem reduzierten Neck-In. Neck-In ist später von einer Folie abzutrennen, da dieser zu einer ungleichmäßigen Breite der Folienbahn führen kann und außerdem in den Randbereichen zu starken Abweichungen der Foliendicke von der durchschnittlichen Foliendicke führt. Insbesondere bei Folien mit Barriereschichten sind diese Schichten hart und steif und lassen sich mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Blasfolienanlage ebenfalls besser strecken als einer Blasfolienanlage mit einer Luftkühlung. Dies ermöglicht eine höhere Barrierewirkung einer Barriereschicht. Zum Beispiel wird ein Ethylen-Vinylalkohol-Copolymer (EVOFI) beim Strecken kristallin und hat dadurch, bezogen auf die Schichtdicke eine höherer Barrierewirkung als bei gleichartigen Folien, die mit einer Luftkühlung hergestellt wurden. A blown film that has been cooled with a liquid cooling device is, as already described, more amorphous and can therefore be stretched better than films that can be produced in a blown film plant with air cooling. Among other things, this achieves important advantages. Because of the better stretchability, more uniform film properties can be achieved. Furthermore, higher degrees of stretching are possible, ie the film can be stretched significantly longer than the original length than films from a blown film line with air cooling. Larger degrees of stretching lead, among other things, to a better flatness of the film. Furthermore, by stretching such films, more rigid films can be obtained. The rigidity of foils is particularly important for various subsequent processing of the foil. The production of amorphous foils due to liquid cooling also means that the neck-in that always occurs in stretching systems can be reduced. Neck-in describes the narrowing of the film due to the stretching in the stretching gap (stretching gap = distance between a first pair of rollers and a second pair of rollers, the rollers of which are operated at a higher peripheral speed than the rollers of the first pair of rollers). Higher stretching speeds can also be achieved, which means that smaller stretching gaps can be used compared to air-cooled films. A smaller extension gap leads to a reduced neck-in. Neck-in has to be separated from a film later, as this can lead to an uneven width of the film web and also leads to strong deviations of the film thickness from the average film thickness in the edge areas. In the case of films with barrier layers in particular, these layers are hard and stiff and can also be stretched better with a blown film line according to the invention than a blown film line with air cooling. This enables a barrier layer to have a higher barrier effect. For example, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOFI) becomes crystalline during stretching and therefore has a higher barrier effect, based on the layer thickness, than similar films made with air cooling.
Der negative Einfluss von Stippen, die zum Abriss der Folie während des Streckens auftreten kann, wird durch die gleichmäßigere Ausstreckung der Folie verringert. The negative influence of specks that can occur when the film is torn off during stretching is reduced by the more even stretching of the film.
Da aufgrund einer Flüssigkeitskühlung auch dickerer Folien herstellbar sind, können diese nun auch erfindungsgemäß inline in einer Streckeinrichtung gestreckt werden. Dies war zuvor in Blasfolienanlagen mit Luftkühlung nicht möglich. Since thicker films can also be produced due to liquid cooling, these can now also be stretched inline in a stretching device according to the invention. This was previously not possible in blown film lines with air cooling.
Eine Flüssigkeitskühlvorrichtung kann dabei die Folienblase umschließen und ein Flüssigkeitsreservoir umfassen, welches eine Flüssigkeit zwischen die Innenwandung der Flüssigkeitskühlvorrichtung und dem Außenumfangs der Folienblase leitet. Analog kann stattdessen oder zusätzlich eine innerhalb der Folienblase angeordnete Flüssigkeitskühlvorrichtung vorgesehen sein. Generell kann als Flüssigkeit zum Kühlen der Folienblase ist wegen der einfachen Handhabbarkeit und Verfügbarkeit Wasser vorgesehen sein. A liquid cooling device can enclose the film bubble and comprise a liquid reservoir which holds a liquid between the inner wall of the liquid cooling device and the outer circumference of the Foil bubble conducts. Analogously, instead or in addition, a liquid cooling device arranged within the film bubble can be provided. In general, water can be provided as the liquid for cooling the film bubble because of its ease of handling and availability.
Insbesondere kann es vorgesehen sein, dass in Bezug auf die Richtung der Schwerkraft der Blaskopf oberhalb der Flüssigkeitskühlvorrichtung angeordnet ist. Somit ist die Folienblase in Richtung der Schwerkraft transportierbar, so dass auch die Flüssigkeit nicht in eine bestimmte Richtung gefördert werden muss, sondern auch nach unten abfließen kann. In Richtung der Schwerkraft fügt sich noch vorzugsweise die Flachlegeeinrichtung an. In particular, it can be provided that the blow head is arranged above the liquid cooling device in relation to the direction of gravity. The film bubble can thus be transported in the direction of gravity, so that the liquid does not have to be conveyed in a certain direction, but can also flow downwards. The flattening device is preferably attached in the direction of gravity.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn sich in Transportrichtung der Folie der Flachlegeeinrichtung noch eine Abquetscheinrichtung anschließt, die die Lagen der doppellagige Folienbahn stark aneinander drückt, damit ein Gas, das sich innerhalb der Folienblase befindet, nicht zwischen den Lagen des doppellagigen Folienschlauchs verbleibt und insbesondere zum Unzulänglichkeiten im Streckprozess führt. Weiterhin kann es vorgesehen sind, wenn sich in Transportrichtung der Folie der Flachlegeeinrichtung und insbesondere der Abquetscheinrichtung noch eine Reversiereinrichtung anschließt diese hat die Aufgabe, die beiden Lagen des doppellagigen Folienschlauches gegeneinander zu verschieben, so dass Dick oder Dünnstellen, die nicht beseitigbar sind, auf einem späteren Wickel hin und her laufen, so dass dennoch ein möglichst idealer Wickel entsteht. It is advantageous if a squeezing device is connected in the transport direction of the film to the flattening device, which presses the layers of the double-layer film web strongly against one another so that a gas that is located within the film bubble does not remain between the layers of the double-layer film tube and in particular to inadequacies leads in the stretching process. Furthermore, provision can be made for a reversing device to follow in the transport direction of the film of the lay-flat device and in particular of the squeezing device Later laps run back and forth, so that a lap that is as ideal as possible is created.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist Schlauchöffnungs- und Umschlageinrichtung vorgesehen. Diese ist in Transportrichtung der Folienbahn der Flachlegeeinrichtung nachgeordnet und der Streckeinrichtung vorgeordnet. Diese Schlauchöffnungs- und Umschlageinrichtung umfasst zunächst eine Trenneinrichtung, mit welcher eine Längskante mit welcher die zwei Lagen der Folienbahn auftrennbar ist, so dass die beiden Lagen nur noch über die zweite Längskante miteinander verbunden sind. Nach dem Trennen wird eine der Lage mittels Leiteinrichtungen um die zweite Längskante umgeschlagen, so dass aus der doppellagigen Folienbahn eine einlagige Folienbahn entsteht, welche nun jedoch insbesondere die doppelte Breite aufweist. Anschließend ist diese Folienbahn in der Streckeinrichtung streckbar. Auf diese Weise kann der Materialverlust durch das Neck-In reduziert werden. Der Absolutwert des Neck- Ins hängt lediglich vom Streckverhältnis ab und nicht von der Breite. Das bedeutet, dass bezogen auf die Gesamtbreite der Folienbahn der Anteil des Neck-Ins reduziert ist, so dass insgesamt die Abfallmenge um die Hälfte reduziert werden kann. Diese Vorgehensweise führt in einer Blasfolienanlage mit einer Flüssigkeitskühlung zu einer besseren Folienqualität, da bei einer amorpheren Folie die zweie Längskante stabiler ist und beispielsweise nicht zum Reißen neigt während des Umklappens. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the hose opening and turning device is provided. This is arranged downstream of the lay-flat device in the transport direction of the film web and upstream of the stretching device. This tube opening and folding device initially comprises a separating device with which a longitudinal edge with which the two layers of the film web can be separated so that the two layers are only connected to one another via the second longitudinal edge. After the separation, one of the layers is turned over around the second longitudinal edge by means of guide devices, so that from The double-layer film web creates a single-layer film web which, however, now in particular has twice the width. This film web can then be stretched in the stretching device. In this way, the loss of material through the neck-in can be reduced. The absolute value of the neck-in depends only on the stretch ratio and not on the width. This means that, based on the total width of the film web, the proportion of the neck-in is reduced, so that the total amount of waste can be reduced by half. In a blown film system with liquid cooling, this procedure leads to better film quality, since with an amorphous film the two longitudinal edges are more stable and, for example, do not tend to tear during folding over.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Flüssigkeit über den Umfang der Blasfolie unterschiedlich temperiert werden. Damit kann die Blasfolie über ihren Umfang unterschiedlich temperiert werden. Bereiche, die im Vergleich zur mittleren Abkühlrate schneller gekühlt werden, werden entsprechend schneller verfestigt und ändern ihre Dicke kaum noch. Bereiche, die jedoch langsamer gekühlt werden, können weiter „zerfließen“, so dass sich in diesen Bereichen die lokale Dicke reduziert. Somit kann auf einfache Weise das Dickenprofil der Blasfolie beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit einer erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Streckanlage kann hier an Stellen, an denen später die mit dem Neck-In zusammenhängenden Aufdickungen auftreten, die Foliendicke zu reduzieren, um nach der Aufdickung die gewünschte Foliendicke zu erzielen. Dies hilft nochmals, die Abfallmenge zu reduzieren, da der spätere Randbeschnitt verringert werden kann. In a further embodiment of the invention, the liquid can be tempered differently over the circumference of the blown film. The blown film can thus be temperature-controlled differently over its circumference. Areas that are cooled faster compared to the average cooling rate are solidified faster and hardly change their thickness. Areas that are cooled more slowly, however, can continue to "flow" so that the local thickness is reduced in these areas. The thickness profile of the blown film can thus be influenced in a simple manner. In particular in connection with a stretching system provided according to the invention, the film thickness can be reduced at points at which the thickening associated with the neck-in later occurs in order to achieve the desired film thickness after the thickening. This again helps to reduce the amount of waste, as the subsequent trim can be reduced.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann es vorgesehen sein, auch in Transportrichtung vor oder nach der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung Folientemperiergeräte vorzusehen. Insbesondere können hier Infrarotstrahler vorgesehen sein, welche die Folie insbesondere an ihren späteren Längskanten bestrahlen können, so dass hier die Folie dünner wird. Auch eine zusätzliche Beaufschlagung mit temperiertem Wasser oder temperierter Luft, insbesondere im Bereich der späteren Längskanten der Folien, kann den oben beschriebenen Effekt hervorrufen. Die Streckeinrichtung kann sich in Transportrichtung der Folienbahn der Reversiereinrichtung anschließen und einer Wickeleinrichtung vorgeordnet sein. In diesem Fall ist die Streckeinrichtung stationär und kann daher auf einfache Weise mit Energie und Kühlflüssigkeiten versorgt werden. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that film temperature control devices are also provided in the transport direction before or after the liquid cooling device. In particular, infrared radiators can be provided here, which can irradiate the film, in particular at its later longitudinal edges, so that the film becomes thinner here. An additional application of tempered water or tempered air, in particular in the area of the later longitudinal edges of the foils, can produce the effect described above. The stretching device can follow the reversing device in the transport direction of the film web and be arranged upstream of a winding device. In this case, the stretching device is stationary and can therefore be supplied with energy and cooling liquids in a simple manner.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann sich die Streckeinrichtung der Flachlegeeinrichtung direkt anschließen. Nachfolgend gelangt die Folie erst in eine vorgesehene Reversiereinrichtung. In diesem Fall kann die noch warme Folie einfacher gestreckt werden, jedoch muss auch die Streckeinrichtung reversierend gelagert sein. In a further embodiment, the stretching device can directly adjoin the flattening device. The film then only reaches a reversing device provided. In this case, the still warm film can be stretched more easily, but the stretching device must also be mounted in a reversing manner.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine Schneid- oder Punktiereinrichtung, die stromaufwärts der Streckeinrichtung anordenbar ist, vorgesehen ist, mit welcher sich die Folie insbesondere im Bereich nahe der Längskanten schneid- oder punktierbar ist. Damit kann ein eventuell zwischen den Lagen der doppellagigen Folienbahn noch eingeschlossenes Gas entweichen, was zu einem verbesserten Ergebnis des Streckprozesses führt. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist wenigstens eine Profilmesseinrichtung vorgesehen, mit welcher sich ein Dickenprofil der Folienbahn zumindest teilweise über ihre Quererstreckung erstellen lässt. Eine solche Profilmesseinrichtung kann stromaufwärts und/oder stromabwärts der Streckeinrichtung vorgesehen sein. Ist in der Streckeinrichtung die doppellagige Folienbahn gestreckt worden und wird diese später zu zwei einzelnen Lagen aufgeteilt, um diese separat aufzuwickeln, ist es vorteilhaft zumindest eine weitere Profilmesseinrichtung vorzusehen, mit welcher von wenigstens einer der einzelnen Lagen ein Dickenprofil messbar ist. Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die wenigstens eine Profilmesseinrichtung über mit einer Auswerte- und Steuereinrichtung verbunden ist, welche ihrerseits die Temperiereinrichtungen der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung und/oder die Folientemperiergeräte ansteuert, so dass ein Profilregelkreis erzeugt wird. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann es vorgesehen sein, dass Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung einen von einer Kreisform abweichenden Querschnitt aufweist. Insbesondere kann der Querschnitt ellipsenförmig sein. Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung gehen aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung hervor, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele im Einzelnen erläutert sind. Dabei können die in den Ansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erwähnten Merkmale jeweils einzeln für sich oder beliebige Kombinationen erwähnter Merkmale erfindungswesentlich sein. Im Rahmen der gesamten Offenbarung gelten Merkmale und Einzelheiten, die im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschrieben sind, selbstverständlich auch im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Blasfolienanlage und jeweils umgekehrt, so dass bezüglich der Offenbarung zu den einzelnen Aspekten der Erfindung stets wechselseitig Bezug genommen wird beziehungsweise werden kann. Die einzelnen Figuren zeigen: Furthermore, it is advantageous if a cutting or puncturing device, which can be arranged upstream of the stretching device, is provided, with which the film can be cut or punctured, in particular in the area near the longitudinal edges. In this way, any gas that may still be trapped between the layers of the double-layer film web can escape, which leads to an improved result of the stretching process. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one profile measuring device is provided with which a thickness profile of the film web can be created at least partially over its transverse extent. Such a profile measuring device can be provided upstream and / or downstream of the stretching device. If the double-layer film web has been stretched in the stretching device and it is later divided into two individual layers in order to wind them up separately, it is advantageous to provide at least one further profile measuring device with which a thickness profile of at least one of the individual layers can be measured. In particular, it is advantageous if the at least one profile measuring device is connected to an evaluation and control device, which in turn controls the temperature control devices of the liquid cooling device and / or the film temperature control devices so that a profile control loop is generated. In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the liquid cooling device has a cross-section deviating from a circular shape. In particular, the cross section can be elliptical. Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description, in which various exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the figures. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can be essential to the invention individually or in any combination of the features mentioned. In the context of the entire disclosure, features and details that are described in connection with the method according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the blown film line according to the invention and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is or will always be made to each other can. The individual figures show:
Fig. 1 Schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Blasfolienanlage Fig. 1 Schematic side view of a blown film line according to the invention
Fig. 2 Darstellung einer Streckeinrichtung Fig. 2 representation of a stretching device
Fig. 3 Darstellung einer Wickelvorrichtung 3 shows a winding device
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung 1 zur Fierstellung einer Folienbahn. Eine Folienblase 2 wird durch einen ringförmigen Düsenpalt des Blaskopfes 3 in Richtung z, insbesondere in Richtung der Schwerkraft nach unten, extrudiert. Durch eine nicht gezeigte Zuführleitung wird in der Regel ein Gas in das Innere des Folienschlauches 2 geführt, welches einen gegenüber dem Umgebungsdruck erhöhten Druck aufweist. Aus diesem Grunde weitet sich der Folienschlauch bei seinem Transport in Richtung z zunächst weiter auf. Aufgrund des Gasinhalts des Folienschlauches wird hier von einer Folienblase gesprochen. Das Aufweiten nimmt erst bei Einlauf des Folienschlauches in eine Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4, der ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Vorrichtung 1 ist, ein Ende. Hier ist die radiale Ausdehnungsmöglichkeit des Folienschlauches durch die Innenwand 5 begrenzt. Oft verfestigt sich der Folienschlauch nach Einlauf in die Vorrichtung zu einem kristallinen oder teilkristallinen Verbund. Dies erfolgt durch Abkühlung unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Materials des Folienschlauches. Die umlaufende Linie, die durch die Punkte des Übergangs von geschmolzen zu fest festgelegt ist, wird als Frostlinie 6 bezeichnet. Die Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4 umfasst ein Flüssigkeitsreservoir 7, wobei die Flüssigkeit entlang des Pfeiles 8 in den Bereich zwischen der Innenwand 5 und dem Außenumfang der Folienblase 2 gelangen kann, um die Folienblase zu kühlen. Nach dem Passieren der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4 gelangt die Folienblase 2 in den Wirkbereich einer Flachlegevorrichtung 9, in der der kreisrunde Folienschlauch zunächst in einen ellipsenförmigen Querschnitt mit einer zunehmenden Exzentrizität überführt wird, bis er schließlich im Einflussbereich der Abquetscheinrichtung zwei aufeinander liegende Folienbahnen, die an ihren Seitenkanten miteinander verbunden sind, bildet. Mit anderen Worten liegt nun eine doppellagige Folienbahn 24 vor. FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for positioning a film web. A film bubble 2 is extruded through an annular nozzle gap of the blow head 3 in the direction z, in particular in the downward direction of gravity. A gas, which has a pressure that is higher than the ambient pressure, is generally fed into the interior of the film tube 2 through a feed line (not shown). For this reason, the film tube initially expands further during its transport in the direction z. Due to the gas content of the film tube, this is referred to as a film bubble. The expansion only comes to an end when the film tube enters a liquid cooling device 4, which is an essential part of the device 1. Here the radial expansion possibility of the film tube is limited by the inner wall 5. The film tube often solidifies Entry into the device to form a crystalline or partially crystalline composite. This is done by cooling below the melting point of the material of the film tube. The circumferential line, which is defined by the points of transition from melted to solid, is referred to as frost line 6. The liquid cooling device 4 comprises a liquid reservoir 7, the liquid being able to reach the area between the inner wall 5 and the outer circumference of the film bubble 2 along the arrow 8 in order to cool the film bubble. After passing through the liquid cooling device 4, the film bubble 2 arrives in the active area of a lay-flat device 9, in which the circular film tube is first converted into an elliptical cross-section with increasing eccentricity until it finally has two film webs lying on top of one another at their side edges in the area of influence of the squeezing device are interconnected, forms. In other words, there is now a double-layer film web 24.
Die Flachlegeeinrichtung 9 ist drehbar angeordnet, wobei die Drehachse im Wesentlichen mit der Schlauchachse 11 , die in der Figur 1 durch eine strichpunktierte Linie angedeutet ist, fluchtet. Die Drehbarkeit derThe flattening device 9 is arranged to be rotatable, the axis of rotation essentially being aligned with the hose axis 11, which is indicated in FIG. 1 by a dash-dotted line. The rotatability of the
Flachlegeeinrichtung ist mit dem Pfeil 12 angedeutet. The flattening device is indicated by the arrow 12.
Der Ring 4 kann ist in verschiedene Umfangsabschnitte unterteilt. Jeder Umfangsabschnitt der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4 kann in der Lage sein, die Folienblase mit einem über den Umfang der Folienblase unterschiedlichen Volumenstrom (Flüssigkeitsmenge pro Zeiteinheit) und/oder mit einem Flüssigkeitsstrom mit einer über den Umfang des Folienschlauches variierenden Temperatur zu beaufschlagen. Als Flüssigkeit ist bevorzugt Wasser vorgesehen. Damit kann der dem betreffenden Umfangsabschnitt der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung zugeordnete Umfangsabschnitt desThe ring 4 is divided into different circumferential sections. Each circumferential section of the liquid cooling device 4 can be able to act on the film bubble with a volume flow (amount of liquid per unit of time) that differs over the circumference of the film bubble and / or with a liquid flow with a temperature that varies over the circumference of the film tube. Water is preferably provided as the liquid. In this way, the circumferential section of the associated with the relevant circumferential section of the liquid cooling device
Folienschlauches individuell temperiert, insbesondere geringer gekühlt oder sogar erwärmt, werden. Die Umfangsabschnitte des Folienschlauches, die aufgrund der geringeren kühlenden Einwirkung der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung stark „zerfließen“ bilden eine Dünnstelle 13 aus. Bei einer größeren Kühlwirkung wird dagegen ein Zerfließen verringert, so dass hier Dickstellen ausgebildet werden. Dickstellen und Dünnstellen haben im Vergleich zur durchschnittlichen Dicke des Folienschlauches eine größere beziehungsweise geringere Dicke. The film tube is individually tempered, in particular cooled to a lesser extent or even heated. The circumferential sections of the film tube, which due to the lower cooling effect of the liquid cooling device, “flow away” to a great extent, form a thin point 13. With a larger one On the other hand, the cooling effect reduces the flow, so that thick spots are formed here. Thick places and thin places have a greater or lesser thickness compared to the average thickness of the film tube.
Damit die Dünnstelle immer an einer festen Position der Flachlegevorrichtung gelangt, ist es im Zusammenhang mit einer Streckeinrichtung auch erforderlich, dass sich die Dünnstelle entlang des Umfangs bewegt, was in der Figur mit dem Pfeil 14 angedeutet ist. Dieses „Wandern“ der Dünnstelle wird dadurch realisiert, dass der in Richtung des Pfeils 14 nächstliegende Umfangsabschnitt des Rings in seinen Parametern verändert wird, um nun benachbart zu dem Umfangsabschnitt des Folienschlauches, der gerade eine Dünnstelle aufweist, eine Dünnstelle zu erzeugen. Die aktuelle Dünnstelle wird zurückgefahren, indem der betreffende Umfangsabschnitt des Rings nun wieder stärker kühlend auf den ihm zugeordneten Winkelabschnitt einwirkt. So that the thin point always arrives at a fixed position of the lay-flat device, it is also necessary in connection with a stretching device that the thin point moves along the circumference, which is indicated in the figure by the arrow 14. This “wandering” of the thin point is realized by changing the parameters of the circumferential section of the ring closest in the direction of arrow 14 in order to now generate a thin point adjacent to the circumferential section of the film tube which just has a thin point. The current thin point is moved back in that the relevant circumferential section of the ring now again has a stronger cooling effect on the angular section assigned to it.
Um ein Dickenprofil der Folienblase 2 aufnehmen zu können, kann eine Dickenmesseinrichtung 18 (auch oft als Profilmesseinrichtung bezeichnet) vorgesehen sein, die in Transportrichtung z gesehen bevorzugt zwischen der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4 und der Flachlegeeinrichtung 9 angeordnet ist. Die Dickenmesseinrichtung 18 umfasst beispielsweise einen Messkopf, der an seiner aktuellen Position die Dicke der Wandung des Folienschlauches bestimmen kann. Zur Bildung des Profils kann der Messkopf um den Folienschlauch herum bewegbar ausgebildet sein, um die Messung an unterschiedlichen Positionen wiederholen zu können, was durch den Doppelpfeil 19 dargestellt wird Der Abstand zwischen zwei Positionen, an denen jeweils eine Dickenmessung durchführbar ist, kann variabel einstellbar sein. Zur Bewegung des Messkopfes kann dieser auf einer Schiene 20 verschiebbar angeordnet sein, wobei die Schiene 20 ringförmig um den Folienschlauch herum greift. In order to be able to record a thickness profile of the film bubble 2, a thickness measuring device 18 (also often referred to as a profile measuring device) can be provided which, viewed in the transport direction z, is preferably arranged between the liquid cooling device 4 and the flattening device 9. The thickness measuring device 18 comprises, for example, a measuring head which can determine the thickness of the wall of the film tube at its current position. To form the profile, the measuring head can be designed to be movable around the film tube in order to be able to repeat the measurement at different positions, which is represented by the double arrow 19. The distance between two positions at which a thickness measurement can be carried out can be variably adjustable . To move the measuring head, it can be arranged displaceably on a rail 20, the rail 20 engaging in a ring around the film tube.
Desweiteren ist eine Auswerte- und/oder Steuervorrichtung 40 vorgesehen, mit welcher die Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4 ansteuerbar ist, so dass ein gewünschtes Dickenprofil erzeugbar ist. Dieses Dickenprofil bzw. die hierzu notwendigen Steuerparameter können dynamisch für die einzelnen Segmente der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4 erzeugt werden, so dass das entstehende Dickenprofil in Phase und insbesondere mit einem Offset mit der Drehung der Flachlegeeinrichtung mitwandert. In den Wendepunkten der Flachlegeeinrichtung ist der Offset bevorzugt 0. Zur Übertragung vonFurthermore, an evaluation and / or control device 40 is provided with which the liquid cooling device 4 can be controlled so that a desired thickness profile can be generated. This thickness profile or this The necessary control parameters can be generated dynamically for the individual segments of the liquid cooling device 4, so that the resulting thickness profile moves in phase and in particular with an offset with the rotation of the flattening device. At the turning points of the flattening device, the offset is preferably 0. For the transmission of
Steuerbefehlen steht die Datenleitung 41 zur Verfügung. Die Dickenmesseinrichtung 18 kann, wie bereits beschrieben, ein Dickenprofil messen. Messwerte (in Rohform oder bereits als Dickenprofil) werden der Auswerte- und/oder Steuervorrichtung 40 über die Datenleitung 42 zugeleitet. Die Auswerte- und/oder Steuervorrichtung 40 kann nun das gemesseneThe data line 41 is available for control commands. As already described, the thickness measuring device 18 can measure a thickness profile. Measured values (in raw form or already as a thickness profile) are fed to the evaluation and / or control device 40 via the data line 42. The evaluation and / or control device 40 can now do the measured
Dickenprofil auswerten und insbesondere die Steuerparameter so modifizieren, dass das gemessene Dickenprofil mit dem gewünschten Dickenprofil übereinstimmt. Damit wird also ein Regelkreis zur Verfügung gestellt. Erfindungsgemäß ist zusätzlich vorgesehen, dass Auswerte- und/oder Steuervorrichtung 40 auch die Dickenprofile berücksichtigt, die mit derEvaluate the thickness profile and, in particular, modify the control parameters so that the measured thickness profile matches the desired thickness profile. A control loop is thus made available. According to the invention, it is additionally provided that evaluation and / or control device 40 also take into account the thickness profiles that are associated with the
Dickenmesseinrichtung 38 und mit zumindest einer der Dickenmesseinrichtungen 45 aufgenommen worden sind. Die Einflussfaktoren dieser einzelnen Dickenmesseinrichtungen können gewichtet bei der Modifizierung der Steuerbefehle berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere ist vorstellbar, dass die von der Dickenmesseinrichtung 45 gemessenenThickness measuring device 38 and with at least one of the thickness measuring devices 45 have been recorded. The influencing factors of these individual thickness measuring devices can be weighted and taken into account when modifying the control commands. In particular, it is conceivable that the measured by the thickness measuring device 45
Dickenprofile vornehmlich zur Beeinflussung des Offsets berücksichtigt werden. Es kann vorteilhaft sein, dass die Steuerparameter, die zur Einstellung des Sollprofils notwendig sind, bei einem Zulauf auf einen Wendepunkt gespeichert werden und bei einem Ablauf von einem Wendepunkt gespiegelt nochmals angewendet oder berücksichtigt werden. So können die Werte bei einerThickness profiles are primarily taken into account to influence the offset. It can be advantageous that the control parameters that are necessary for setting the target profile are stored in the event of an inflow to a turning point and are mirrored again or taken into account in the event of an expiration from a turning point. So the values for a
Abnahme des Offsets im Wendepunkt derart berücksichtigt werden, dass mit den gleichen Werten die Zunahme des Offsets eingestellt wird. Dies verhindert, dass die Trägheit des Regelkreises zu ungewünschten Dick- oder Dünnstellen führt. Es ist zu berücksichtigen, dass bei der Beschreibung der Figuren der Ausdruck „Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung 4“ ein Synonym ist für alle Möglichkeiten, das Dickenprofil der Folienbahn zu beeinflussen. Es können somit auch andere oder weitere Einrichtungen zum Aufprägen eines Dickenprofils auf den Folienschlauchs und/oder die doppellagige Folienbahn und/oder die erste und/oder die zweite Folienbahn vorgesehen ist vorgesehen sein. Die Figur 1 zeigt weiterhin eine Reversiereinrichtung 15, welche die Aufgabe hat, den flachgelegten Folienblase, also die doppellagige Folienbahn, von der Flachlegevorrichtung zur ortfesten Walze 16 zu führen, ohne dass Beschädigungen auftreten. Der Pfeil 17 deutet an, dass dieser Folienschlauch nun zur Weiterverarbeitung geführt wird, welche in den folgenden Figuren näher erläutert wird. „Reversieren“ bedeutet dabei, dass verschiedene Elemente, insbesondere die einzelnen Umlenkwalzen und Wendestanden, sich zwischen zwei Endpunkten hin und her bewegen. Bei dieser Bewegung handelt es sich bevorzugt um Dreh- oder Schwenkbewegungen. Die Endpunkte können daher auch als Wendepunkte bezeichnet werden. The decrease in the offset at the turning point must be taken into account in such a way that the increase in the offset is set with the same values. This prevents the sluggishness of the control loop from leading to undesirable thick or thin areas. It must be taken into account that in the description of the figures, the expression “liquid cooling device 4” is a synonym for all possibilities of influencing the thickness profile of the film web. It is thus also possible to provide other or further devices for impressing a thickness profile on the film tube and / or the double-layer film web and / or the first and / or the second film web is provided. FIG. 1 also shows a reversing device 15, which has the task of guiding the flattened film bubble, that is to say the double-layer film web, from the flattening device to the stationary roller 16 without damage occurring. The arrow 17 indicates that this film tube is now being guided for further processing, which is explained in more detail in the following figures. "Reversing" means that various elements, in particular the individual deflection rollers and turning stations, move back and forth between two end points. This movement is preferably a rotary or pivoting movement. The end points can therefore also be referred to as turning points.
Die Figur 2 zeigt nun beispielhaft eine Streckeinrichtung 30, welche sich inline an die in Figur 1 gezeigt Vorrichtung 1 anschließt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist jedoch eine Streckeinrichtung nicht auf die im Folgenden beschriebene Ausführungsform beschränkt. Inline bedeutet dabei, dass die doppellagige Folienbahn 24 aus der Vorrichtung 1 unmittelbar aus dem Produktionsprozess zugeführt wird, d.h. ohne einen Transport der Folienbahn in einer handhabbaren Form. FIG. 2 now shows, by way of example, a stretching device 30 which is connected inline to the device 1 shown in FIG. In the context of the present invention, however, a stretching device is not limited to the embodiment described below. Inline means that the double-layer film web 24 is fed from the device 1 directly from the production process, i.e. without transporting the film web in a manageable form.
Die Folienbahn 24 läuft entlang der Bahntransportrichtung z in die Streckeinrichtung 30 ein. Hier wird es zunächst von der Leitwalze 31 zu den Fleizwalzen 32 geführt, die jeweils mit dem Bezugszeichen 32 bezeichnet sind. Die Aufgabe der Fleizwalzen 32 besteht darin, die die bereits völlig oder teilweise erkaltete Folienbahn 24 wieder auf eine Temperatur zu bringen, die für einen Streck- oder Reckprozess ausreicht. Von Reckwerken werden in der Regel Reckprozesse ausgeführt, d. h. dass die Folie bereits erkaltet ist und wieder auf Recktemperatur gebracht werden muss. Streckprozesse, wie sie zum Beispiel bei der Blasfolienextrusion zum Tragen kommen, sind ebenfalls bei denkbar (insbesondere, wenn die Streckeinrichtung inline einer Folienextrusionsanlage folgt). Hierbei ist die Folienbahn noch nicht vollständig erkaltet. Insbesondere, wenn einer Blasfolienanlage direkt eine Streckeinrichtung nachgeordnet ist, d. h. wenn das Strecken „inline“ geschieht, dürfte es möglich sein, bei einer Streckeinrichtung auch von einem Reckwerk zu sprechen. Dies ist jedoch eher eine Definitions- als eine technische Frage. The film web 24 runs into the stretching device 30 along the web transport direction z. Here it is first guided from the guide roller 31 to the sizing rollers 32, each of which is designated by the reference numeral 32. The task of the sizing rollers 32 is to bring the film web 24, which has already been completely or partially cooled, back to a temperature which is sufficient for a stretching or stretching process. Stretching units usually carry out stretching processes, ie the film has already cooled down and has to be brought back to the stretching temperature. Stretching processes, such as those used in blown film extrusion, are also conceivable (in particular if the stretching device follows a film extrusion system inline). In this case, the film web has not yet cooled down completely. In particular, if a stretching device is arranged directly downstream of a blown film line, ie if the stretching takes place “inline”, it should be possible to speak of a stretching device in the case of a stretching device. However, this is more of a definition than a technical question.
Nachdem die Folienbahn 24 in dem Bereich 28 der Fleizwalzen 32 wieder auf eine Strecktemperatur gebracht worden ist, läuft sie in den Bereich der Streckwalze 22 und der Nipwalze 33 ein und durchquert den Spalt zwischen diesen beiden Walzen 22, 33. Daraufhin durchläuft die Folienbahn 24 den Streckspalt 21 , um dann die Oberfläche der Streckwalze 23 zu erreichen und den Streckspalt 21 zu verlassen. Diese Streckwalze 23 bildet mit der Nipwalze 36 einen Walzenspalt. Aufgrund einer geringeren Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des ersten Walzenpaares 22, 33 gegenüber dem zweiten Walzenpaar 23, 36 wird die Folienbahn 24 in dem Streckspalt 21 gelängt, also gestreckt. Dabei treten zwei Effekte auf, die nicht gewünscht sind und es notwendig machen, an den Seiten der Folienbahnen Längsstreifen abzutrennen. Der erste Effekt ist eine Reduzierung der Folienbreite während des Streckens (das so genannte Neck in). Der zweite Effekt ist ein Aufdicken der Ränder der Folienbahn. Es kann vorgesehen sein, die Größe des Streckspaltes, also der Abstand zwischen der Ablösekante der Folienbahn 24 von der Walze 22 bis zur Auftreffkante der Folienbahn auf die Walze 23, veränderbar auszuführen. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Größe des Neck-ins und/oder des Aufdickens der Folienbahn an ihren Rändern zu beeinflussen. Nach dem Durchlaufen des Streckspaltes, von denen es auch mehrere in Reihe geben kann, erreicht die Folienbahn 24 den Bereich 29, der jeweils mit dem Bezugszeichen 37 bezeichnete Kühlwalzen umfasst, in dem die Folienbahn 24 wieder abgekühlt wird. Nach dem Verlassen dieses Bereichs 29 hat die Folienbahn 24 wieder eine etwas niedrigere Temperatur erreicht, so dass ihre Oberfläche den Transport über die Leitwalze 31 in der Transportrichtung z ohne weitere Schäden überstehen kann. Die Folienbahn 24 wird anschließend in Richtung des Pfeils 34 weitergefördert und am Ende einer optionalen Weiterbearbeitung einer Wickeleinrichtung zugeführt, in welcher die Folienbahn als doppellagige Folienbahn oder getrennt in zwei einzelne Lagen aufgewickelt wird. Grundsätzlich ist dabei nicht ausgeschlossen, dass die Folienbahn oder die einzelnen Lagen der Folienbahn Längsschnitte erhalten und nebeneinander in mehreren Nutzen aufgewickelt werden. Bevor die Folienbahn die Streckeinrichtung 30 erreicht, kann eine Schneid oder Punktiereinrichtung 35 vorgesehen sein, mit welcher die doppellagige Folienbahn einschneidbar oder punktierbar ist, so dass sich Luft oder ein anderes Gas, welches sich noch innerhalb der doppellagigen Folienbahn befinden könnten, entweichen könnten. Diese Maßnahme führt zu einer verbesserten Qualität des Streckprozesses und zu einer erhöhten Genauigkeit der zu messenden Dickenprofile der doppellagigen Folienbahn. Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Folienbahn entlang oder nahe einer Seitenkante längs geschnitten wird, so dass die doppellagige Folienbahn nur noch über eine Seitenkante verbunden ist. Ferner kann es gewünscht sind, die doppellagige Folienbahn an ihren beiden Seitenkanten zu schneiden. Dies ist insbesondere ab bestimmten Dicken der Folienbahn notwendig, da möglicherweise der Lufttransport zu einer Seitenkante der Folienbahn nicht ausreichend schnell erfolgt. In Transportrichtung hinter dem der Streckeinrichtung 30 ist eine Dickenmesseinrichtung 38 vorgesehen, mit welcher ein Dickenprofil der doppellagigen Folienbahn nach ihrem Strecken aufnehmbar ist. Zu berücksichtigen ist jedoch, dass ohne weitere Maßnahmen hier nur die Gesamtdicke der Folienbahn messbar ist, also die Summe der Dicken der einzelnen Lagen. Denkbar ist jedoch, insbesondere wenn die doppellagige Folienbahn einen Längsschnitt erhalten hat, ein Kontrastmittel, wie etwa ein Metallblech, zwischen die beiden Lagen einzuführen, so dass jeweils eine Lage separat hinsichtlich ihrer Dicke vermessbar ist. Bei der Dickenmessvorrichtung 38 kann es sich wiederum um einen Messkopf handeln, der an bewegbar entlang einer zumindest teilweise quer zur Transportrichtung sich erstreckenden Schiene angeordnet ist. Der Messkopf ist wiederum in der Lage, an seiner aktuellen Position eine Dickenmessung der Folienbahn 24 vorzunehmen. Anschließend kann der Messkopf zu einer weiteren Position verfahren werden, an welcher eine weitere Messung durchführbar ist. Jedoch ist es nicht notwendig, dass zur Messung der Dicke der Messkopf angehalten werden muss. Vielmehr kann es grundsätzlich vorgesehen sein, dass der Messkopf in einstellbaren zeitlichen Abständen Messungen durchführt, jedoch die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit variabel ist. So kann es beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung grundsätzlich wünschenswert sein, dass der Messkopf an den Rändern der Folienbahn langsamer bewegt wird, um hier die Dichte der Messungen zu erhöhen, was die Genauigkeit des Dickenprofils an den Rändern erhöht. Darüber hinaus kann es grundsätzlich denkbar sein, dass dieAfter the film web 24 has been brought back to a stretching temperature in the area 28 of the sizing rollers 32, it runs into the area of the stretching roller 22 and the nip roller 33 and crosses the gap between these two rollers 22, 33 Draw nip 21 in order to then reach the surface of the draw roller 23 and leave the draw nip 21. This stretching roller 23 forms a roller gap with the nip roller 36. Due to a lower peripheral speed of the first pair of rollers 22, 33 compared to the second pair of rollers 23, 36, the film web 24 is elongated, that is to say stretched, in the stretching gap 21. Two effects occur here which are not desired and which make it necessary to separate longitudinal strips on the sides of the film webs. The first effect is a reduction in the film width during stretching (the so-called neck in). The second effect is a thickening of the edges of the film web. Provision can be made for the size of the stretching gap, that is to say the distance between the detachment edge of the film web 24 from the roller 22 to the edge of the film web to hit the roller 23, to be variable. In this way it is possible to influence the size of the neck-in and / or the thickening of the film web at its edges. After passing through the stretching gap, of which there can also be several in a row, the film web 24 reaches the region 29, which comprises cooling rollers, each designated by the reference numeral 37, in which the film web 24 is cooled again. After leaving this area 29, the film web 24 has again reached a somewhat lower temperature, so that its surface can withstand the transport over the guide roller 31 in the transport direction z without further damage. The film web 24 is then conveyed further in the direction of the arrow 34 and at the end of an optional further processing is fed to a winding device in which the film web is wound up as a double-layer film web or separately in two individual layers becomes. In principle, it is not excluded that the film web or the individual layers of the film web receive longitudinal cuts and are wound up next to one another in several panels. Before the film web reaches the stretching device 30, a cutting or puncturing device 35 can be provided, with which the double-layer film web can be cut or punctured so that air or another gas that could still be within the double-layer film web could escape. This measure leads to an improved quality of the stretching process and to an increased accuracy of the thickness profiles to be measured of the double-layer film web. In particular, it can be provided that the film web is cut lengthways along or near a side edge, so that the double-layer film web is only connected via one side edge. It may also be desirable to cut the two-ply film web at both of its side edges. This is necessary in particular from certain thicknesses of the film web, since the air transport to a side edge of the film web may not take place sufficiently quickly. In the transport direction behind that of the stretching device 30, a thickness measuring device 38 is provided with which a thickness profile of the double-layer film web can be recorded after it has been stretched. However, it must be taken into account that, without further measures, only the total thickness of the film web can be measured here, i.e. the sum of the thicknesses of the individual layers. However, it is conceivable, especially when the double-layer film web has received a longitudinal section, to introduce a contrast medium, such as a metal sheet, between the two layers so that each layer can be measured separately with regard to its thickness. The thickness measuring device 38 can in turn be a measuring head which is arranged on a rail that is movable along a rail that extends at least partially transversely to the transport direction. The measuring head is in turn able to measure the thickness of the film web 24 at its current position. The measuring head can then become a further position at which a further measurement can be carried out. However, it is not necessary that the measuring head has to be stopped to measure the thickness. Rather, it can basically be provided that the measuring head carries out measurements at adjustable time intervals, but the speed of movement is variable. For example, in connection with the present invention it can be fundamentally desirable for the measuring head to be moved more slowly at the edges of the film web in order to increase the density of the measurements here, which increases the accuracy of the thickness profile at the edges. In addition, it can in principle be conceivable that the
Dickenmesseinrichtung 38 ausgeführt und eingerichtet ist, auch über den Rand der Folienbahn hinaus zu messen, um auch Aussagen über die aktuelle Breite der Folienbahn treffen zu können. Die Figur 3 zeigt schließlich eine Folientrenneinrichtung 50, die hier zwar im Zusammenhang mit zwei Wickelstellen, 60, 61 gezeigt ist, aber auch unabhängig hiervon vorgesehen sein kann. Die Folienbahn 34 kann vor dem Einlauf in die Folientrenneinrichtung bereits einer Vorbehandlung unterzogen worden sein. Insbesondere kann bereits ein erster Randbeschnitt erfolgt sein, um bereits einen Teil der Aufdickungen am Rand abzuschneiden, was zu einer verbesserten Qualität einer optionalen Vorbehandlung führt. Innerhalb der Folientrenneinrichtung sind weitere Schneideinrichtungen 51 , insbesondere in Form von Trennmessern, vorgesehen, die jeweils an einem Rand der noch doppellagigen Folienbahn den endgültigen Randbeschnitt durchführen. Die doppellagige Folienbahn wird dazu über Walzen 52 und 53 geführt, welche vor allem für die für den Randbeschnitt nötige Bahnspannung sorgen. Spätestens nach dem Randbeschnitt ist die doppellagige Folienbahn in zwei einzelne Lagen getrennt, welche jedoch noch direkt aufeinander liegen. Die eigentliche Trennung der Lagen erfolgt durch die Walzen 54, 55, die einen Walzenspalt ausbilden. Nach dem Durchlaufen des Walzenspaltes wird die erste Lage der ersten Wickelstelle 60 zugeführt, wo sie über verschiedene weitere Walzen läuft und auf den Wickel 62 aufgewickelt wird. Stromabwärts der Trenneinrichtung ist ein zweites Dickenmessgerät 45 vorgesehen, dessen Aufbau und Funktionsweise vorzugsweise denjenigen des Dickenmessgerätes 38 gleicht. Über eine Datenleitung 44 werden die Messergebnisse (in Rohform oder als ausgewertetes Dickenprofil), beispielsweise per Draht und/oder drahtlos, der Auswerte- und Steuereinrichtung 40 zugeführt. Thickness measuring device 38 is designed and set up to also measure beyond the edge of the film web in order to be able to make statements about the current width of the film web. Finally, FIG. 3 shows a film separating device 50, which is shown here in connection with two winding points 60, 61, but can also be provided independently of this. The film web 34 can already have been subjected to a pretreatment before entering the film separating device. In particular, a first edge trim can already have taken place in order to cut off part of the thickened areas at the edge, which leads to an improved quality of an optional pretreatment. Further cutting devices 51, in particular in the form of cutting knives, are provided within the film separating device, each of which carries out the final edge trimming on one edge of the still double-layered film web. For this purpose, the double-layer film web is guided over rollers 52 and 53, which primarily ensure the web tension necessary for the edge trimming. At the latest after the edge has been trimmed, the double-layer film web is separated into two individual layers, which, however, are still directly on top of one another. The actual separation of the layers takes place by the rollers 54, 55, which form a roller gap. After passing through the nip, the first layer is fed to the first winding point 60, where it runs over various additional rollers and is wound onto the winding 62. A second thickness measuring device 45 is provided downstream of the separating device, the structure and mode of operation of which is preferably similar to that of the thickness measuring device 38. The measurement results (in raw form or as an evaluated thickness profile) are fed to the evaluation and control device 40 via a data line 44, for example by wire and / or wirelessly.
Die zweite Lage kann der Wickelstelle 61 zugeführt werden, deren Aufbau und Funktion identisch mit der ersten Wickelstelle ist. Auch kann zur Messung der zweiten Lage ebenfalls ein zweites Dickenmessgerät vorgesehen sein. Hier wird in Bezug auf Aufbau und Funktionsweise auf die Beschreibung im vorhergehenden Absatz verwiesen. The second layer can be fed to the winding point 61, the structure and function of which is identical to the first winding point. A second thickness measuring device can also be provided for measuring the second position. Reference is made here to the description in the previous paragraph with regard to structure and mode of operation.
Die Dickenmessprofile, die stromabwärts der Trenneinrichtung aufgenommen werden können fortwährend von der Auswerte- und/oder Steuereinrichtung aufaddiert werden, um so auch ein Rollensummenprofil, also die Addition der Dickenprofile der einzelnen Lagen in einem Wickel, aufnehmen zu können. In einer Blasfolienanlage mit einer Reversiereinrichtung, aber ohne eine Streckeinrichtung, werden Abweichungen der Foliendicken von der mittleren Foliendicken, also Dick- und/oder Dünnstellen, in axialer Richtung des Wickels verteilt, so dass insgesamt ein gleichmäßiger Umfang des Wickels entsteht. Ist jedoch eine Streckeinrichtung vorgesehen, können dadurch weitere Dick- oder Dünnstellen entstehen, die nicht mehr mit einer Reversierung ausgeglichen werden können. Durch das zuvor beschriebene Bilden eines Rollensummenprofils kann das Entstehen beispielsweise von Kolbenringen (lokale Aufdickungen) am Wickel frühzeitig erkannt werden und bei der Einstellung der Regelparameter für die Flüssigkeitskühlvorrichtung berücksichtigt werden. The thickness measurement profiles that are recorded downstream of the separating device can be continuously added up by the evaluation and / or control device in order to be able to record a roll sum profile, i.e. the addition of the thickness profiles of the individual layers in a roll. In a blown film line with a reversing device, but without a stretching device, deviations in the film thickness from the mean film thickness, i.e. thick and / or thin areas, are distributed in the axial direction of the roll, so that overall a uniform circumference of the roll is created. However, if a stretching device is provided, this can result in further thick or thin areas that can no longer be compensated for with a reversal. By forming a roll sum profile as described above, the occurrence of piston rings (local thickening) on the winding, for example, can be recognized early and taken into account when setting the control parameters for the liquid cooling device.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Blasfolienanlage zur Herstellung einer Folienbahn mit 1. Blown film line for the production of a film web with
• wenigstens einem Extruder zur Bereitstellung eines schmelzeförmigen Kunststoffes • at least one extruder to provide a molten plastic
• einem Blaskopf mit einem umlaufenden Düsenspalt, mit welchem der schmelzeförmige Kunststoff zu einer aus dem Düsenspalt austretenden Folienblase umwandelbar ist, • a blow head with a circumferential nozzle gap, with which the molten plastic can be converted into a film bubble emerging from the nozzle gap,
• mit wenigstens einer Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung zur Kühlung der Folien blase, wobei mit der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung auf den Außenumfang und/oder auf den Innenumfang der Folienblase eine Flüssigkeit gebbar ist, • Bubble with at least one liquid cooling device for cooling the foil, with the liquid cooling device being able to dispense a liquid onto the outer circumference and / or onto the inner circumference of the foil bladder,
• mit einer Flachlegeeinrichtung, mit welcher die Folienblase zu einer dop pellagigen Folienbahn umformbar ist, wobei die beiden Lagen sich zu mindest teilweise und insbesondere im Wesentlichen vollflächig berüh ren, • With a lay-flat device with which the film bubble can be formed into a double-layer film web, the two layers touching at least partially and in particular essentially over the entire surface,
• einer wenigstens einer Streckeinrichtung zum Strecken der Folienbahn in Längsrichtung. • at least one stretching device for stretching the film web in the longitudinal direction.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Folienbahn, bei dem 2. A method for producing a film web in which
• mit wenigstens einem Extruder ein schmelzeförmiger Kunststoff bereit gestellt wird • A molten plastic is provided with at least one extruder
• mit einem Blaskopf mit einem umlaufenden Düsenspalt der schmelze- förmige Kunststoff zu einer aus dem Düsenspalt austretenden Folienbla se umgewandelt wird, • with a blow head with a circumferential nozzle gap of the melt shaped plastic is converted into a film bubble emerging from the nozzle gap,
• mit wenigstens einer Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung die Folienblase gekühlt wird, wobei mit der Flüssigkeitskühleinrichtung auf den Außenumfang und/oder auf den Innenumfang der Folienblase eine Flüssigkeit gegeben wird, • the film bubble is cooled with at least one liquid cooling device, whereby a liquid is given with the liquid cooling device on the outer circumference and / or on the inner circumference of the film bubble,
• mit einer Flachlegeeinrichtung die Folienblase zu einer doppellagigen Fo lienbahn umgeformt wird, wobei die beiden Lagen sich zumindest teil weise und insbesondere im Wesentlichen vollflächig berühren, einer wenigstens einer Streckeinrichtung die Folienbahn in Längsrichtung ge streckt wird. • With a lay-flat device, the film bubble is formed into a double-layered film web, the two layers at least partially and in particular essentially touching each other over the entire surface, with at least one stretching device stretching the film web in the longitudinal direction.
EP20792566.0A 2019-10-14 2020-10-09 Blown film extruder and method for producing a film web Pending EP4045270A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019215782.3A DE102019215782A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 Blown film line and method for producing a film web
PCT/EP2020/078375 WO2021074021A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2020-10-09 Blown film extruder and method for producing a film web

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EP (1) EP4045270A1 (en)
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CN114603841A (en) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-10 安庆市康明纳包装有限公司 Film production process

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433937A (en) * 1945-10-25 1948-01-06 Modern Plastic Machinery Corp Machine for making sheets of extruded plastics
FR1237734A (en) * 1958-06-02 1960-08-05 Dow Chemical Co Manufacture of thermoplastic tubular films
US3207823A (en) * 1959-02-27 1965-09-21 Metal Box Co Ltd Production of flattened tubular plastic film
GB903661A (en) * 1960-03-31 1962-08-15 Ici Ltd Improvements in or relating to the production of films
IL29315A (en) * 1967-02-10 1971-10-20 Bemberg Ag Production of blown tubular foils
US3822333A (en) * 1969-04-02 1974-07-02 Chisso Corp Process for producing shaped articles of crystalline polyolefins having a roughened surface
US3655846A (en) * 1969-04-28 1972-04-11 Kohjin Co Method and apparatus for making tubular film
US3622657A (en) * 1969-09-24 1971-11-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for forming and cooling thermoplastic film
DK144183A (en) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-03 Fbk International Corp PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND DISPOSAL OF AN EXTRADED WRAPPING OF PLASTIC MATERIAL
EP3302928B1 (en) * 2015-06-08 2021-08-25 Windmöller & Hölscher KG Device and method for cooling a blown film

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WO2021074021A1 (en) 2021-04-22
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