EP4023360A1 - Procédé de coulée continue de métal - Google Patents

Procédé de coulée continue de métal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4023360A1
EP4023360A1 EP21215162.5A EP21215162A EP4023360A1 EP 4023360 A1 EP4023360 A1 EP 4023360A1 EP 21215162 A EP21215162 A EP 21215162A EP 4023360 A1 EP4023360 A1 EP 4023360A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
speed
parameter values
strand
sticker
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21215162.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Hohenbichler
Sonja Strasser
Manuel Sattler
Josef Watzinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH filed Critical Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Publication of EP4023360A1 publication Critical patent/EP4023360A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/166—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for mould oscillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of a metal strand by pouring liquid metal from a distributor into a continuous mold which oscillates by means of an oscillator.
  • Averaging is done over the period from the beginning of the delay to lowering until the precautionary speed is reached.
  • the metal strand is a steel strand.
  • It is preferably an at least semi-automatic method, particularly preferably an automatic method.
  • a sticker also known as shell hanger
  • shell hanger is a local phenomenon of the thin strand shell, when it temporarily gets stuck or sticks locally and mostly on a small scale to the oscillating mold wall, while neighboring areas with the strand cross-section are pulled further down, so that the strand shell locally tears open and hot liquid metal, such as steel, continues to flow into the torn areas.
  • the occurrence of a bowl hanger is also called a sticker event.
  • the parameter values can be measured directly themselves, or they can be calculated on the basis of other measurement signals; Detection also includes such a calculation.
  • Current parameter values are those parameter values that have been measured or calculated during the last 2 seconds.
  • Detection and recording of parameter values are preferably to be understood in the sense of a single action, with detection and recording thus taking place together in one action. Acquisition and recording take place at least every two seconds - i.e. a maximum of two seconds elapse between two acquisition or recording events.
  • Recording and evaluation preferably take place periodically.
  • the period of the evaluation can also deviate from the period of the recording; it is then at most double.
  • parameter values are recorded and recorded at least every 2 seconds.
  • the parameter values are measured as time-series, i.e. with a clock less than or equal to 2 seconds.
  • the parameter values include current temperature values of a temperature monitoring system of the continuous mold comprising several measuring positions; preferably all thermal data of this monitoring system.
  • the temperature values of the continuous mold monitoring system include temperatures at several points on the mold wall at a distance of a few mm from the strand shell.
  • the distribution temperature of the liquid steel can also be recorded and recorded independently of this.
  • the parameter values include the current gate movement speed.
  • the closing member can be a plug or a slide, for example.
  • the parameter values include the current bath level vertical velocity, which affects bath level movement.
  • the parameter values include the current strand pull-off speed.
  • the recorded parameter values are evaluated, preferably periodically, using a data-based model.
  • the data-based model is created
  • the recorded parameter values are transmitted to the data-based model as input variables during casting.
  • the data-based model outputs a probability of the future occurrence of sticker events in the continuous mold during casting.
  • the probability of a sticker event in the continuous mold is determined by means of the evaluation.
  • the evaluation using the data-based model is based on past parameter values and knowledge of the situations in which a sticker event occurred in the past.
  • the evaluation is carried out using an evaluation method that is based on the data-based model as the evaluation model.
  • a threshold value for the probability of sticker events is set by the evaluation method or its evaluation model, which determines what is just about acceptable - this is usually adjusted if necessary by learning the evaluation model.
  • the strand take-off speed (usually in [m/min]) is the speed at which the metal strand leaves the continuous mold. In normal operation, a normal strand draw-off speed v NORM is used. Those skilled in the art know that it can vary depending on the material being cast and other boundary conditions.
  • the permissible minimum operating speed (usually in [m/min]) varies depending on the chemical analysis of the metal - for example the steel - and the type of plant and, in particular, depending on the strand thickness and width; those skilled in the art know how to obtain the minimum operating speed for a given setup; he usually adheres to the specifications of the system supplier. Falling below the permissible minimum operating speed harbors potential problems, for example due to solidification too close to the mold outlet in the arch or straightening area of a continuous casting plant, for example due to the temperature of the strand surface in or behind the straightening area being too cool, for example the risk of slab quality defects such as surface cracks or internal quality increases.
  • the strand withdrawal speed is lowered to a creeping speed below the permissible minimum operating speed, or the metal strand is even temporarily stopped. This reduces productivity to a greater extent than when using the method according to the invention and harbors the problem potential mentioned, in particular it leads to devalued slabs or even scrap slabs.
  • the method according to the invention can be used at a strand withdrawal speed that is above the permissible minimum operating speed v MIN when the threshold value for the probability of sticker events is exceeded.
  • the amount of deceleration can be constant or change during the deceleration process.
  • the strand draw-off speed is preferably reduced at least semi-automatically, particularly preferably automatically.
  • the lowering usually takes place based on the normal strand draw-off speed v NORM that has just been set.
  • the average deceleration is at least 0.7 m/min 2 , preferably at least 1 m/min 2 . It is up to 5 m/min 2 , preferably up to 2.5 m/min 2 .
  • Averaging is done over the period from the beginning of the delay to lowering until the precautionary speed is reached.
  • the extent of the delay primarily influences transient flow phenomena in the mold - both for the liquid steel and for the casting powder, the casting slag and the meniscus line - but also on interactions with, for example, the oscillating mold or the closing elements.
  • the procedure according to the invention initiates a reduction in the strand draw-off speed much earlier; 5 - 30 seconds earlier are achievable. Because the sticker has not yet formed at such an early point in time, it is sufficient to carry out a shorter delay compared to conventional breakout detection in order to avoid it.
  • the threshold value for a deviation into a supercritical range is set by the evaluation model of the evaluation method, if necessary with the operator's adjustment options.
  • the threshold may depend on the type of anomaly being considered.
  • a threshold value is preferably set in such a way that it is already exceeded when a sticker is predicted for a position in the strand or a strand cross-section at which, at this point in time, the thickness of the strand shell is only 1-15 mm, preferably between 2 and 8 mm. present.
  • the precautionary process to avoid the actual occurrence of the sticker event predicted - with the probability exceeding the threshold - can be carried out with less drastic means than with stickers, which are only predicted with higher thickness of the strand shells.
  • the method according to the invention even issues an anomaly alarm or sticker alarm at a point in time and suggests a delay in the strand withdrawal speed or, if necessary, initiates it - for example semi-automatically or automatically , where not even the basic germ has emerged.
  • the delay and Throughput reduction leads to a very early stabilization and problem avoidance.
  • Machine learning means the artificial generation of model knowledge from experience and data: the artificial system learns from examples - training data - and can generalize them. To do this, machine learning algorithms build a data model based on training data.
  • the machine learning methods used are, for example, random forest, boosted tree, support vector machine, etc.
  • Deep learning is understood to mean even more in-depth methods of machine learning that use artificial neural networks ANN with numerous intermediate layers between the input layer and output layer, thereby forming a comprehensive inner structure.
  • the deep learning that may be used here has at least 4 layers.
  • the applied deep learning is, for example, Long-Short-Term-Memory LSTM.
  • Temperature values are obtained by means of a temperature monitoring system of the continuous mold that includes several measuring positions; the temperature monitoring system has several measuring positions along the longitudinal extension x of the continuous mold - from the place where liquid metal is poured in to the place where the metal strand emerges from the continuous mold - and it also has several measuring positions next to one another at several points along the longitudinal extension x.
  • the probability of the occurrence of a sticker event is calculated for each measuring position lying next to one another at a point of the longitudinal extension x of the continuous mold.
  • the continuous mold is usually arranged in such a way that its length x is vertical; then the three measurement positions that are adjacent to one another at one point of the longitudinal extent x are horizontal to one another.
  • the strand withdrawal speed is reduced only if a threshold value of the probability is exceeded in at least three measuring positions of the temperature monitoring system that are adjacent to one another at one point of the longitudinal extension x of the continuous mold; in the case of a vertical longitudinal extent x is horizontally adjacent. This reduces the risk of triggering a false alarm and the associated unnecessary reduction in the strand draw-off speed.
  • the exceeding is more likely to be due to a fault that is actually present and has a certain horizontal extent than if only at one measuring position or two adjacent measuring positions Threshold values are exceeded - the occurrence of such horizontally limited disturbances is generally less credible than a false alarm.
  • the strand withdrawal speed is maintained at the precautionary speed v LOW for a period of at least 50%, preferably at least 65%, and up to 120%, preferably up to 100%, of a continuous mold passage with v Low , and then with an average acceleration of at least 0.2 m/min 2 , preferably at least 0.5 m/min 2 , and up to 5 m/min 2 , preferably up to 2 m/min 2 .
  • Averaging is done over the period from the start of acceleration to the end of acceleration.
  • the actual value to be selected for the duration of the holding - ie a setpoint value for the duration of the holding - is determined, for example, by the system operator or the system supplier within the range from the formula resulting percentage time interval specified.
  • the plant operator could, for example, aim for the middle of the time interval.
  • the duration of the hold is selected from the interval 60% - 90% of the duration of a continuous mold run with precautionary speed v Low .
  • the duration of the hold is selected from the interval 50% - 70% of the duration of a continuous mold run at precautionary speed v Low .
  • the strength of the acceleration can be constant or change during the acceleration process.
  • the strand withdrawal speed for a period of at least 50%, preferably at least 65%, up to 120%, preferably up to 100%, of a continuous mold run with v Low at a precautionary speed v LOW of 100 - 130% of the permissible minimum operating speed v MIN , preferably in the amount of 100-120% of the permissible minimum operating speed v MIN , maintained, and then with an average acceleration of at least 0.2 m/min 2 , preferably at least 0.5 m/min 2 , and up to 5 m/min 2 , preferably up to 2 m/min 2 .
  • Averaging is done over the period from the start of acceleration to the end of acceleration.
  • a strand withdrawal speed of 100-130% of the permissible minimum operating speed v MIN is present throughout the entire duration, but it changes suddenly at least once, or it changes steadily - at least once - during at least part of that period. It can also change throughout the duration.
  • the strand withdrawal speed is in the range of 100-130% of the permissible minimum operating speed v MIN , preferably in the amount of 100-120% of the permissible minimum operating speed v MIN .
  • the strength of the acceleration can be constant or change during the acceleration process.
  • the duration of the passage through the continuous mold results from the total length L [m] of the relevant continuous mold and the precautionary speed v LOW from the relationship (L ⁇ 0.1 m)/v LOW .
  • the procedure according to the invention initiates a reduction in the strand draw-off speed much earlier; 5 - 30 seconds earlier are achievable. Since the sticker has not yet formed at such an early stage, it is sufficient to avoid it by using one compared to conventional ones Delay breakout detection at high precautionary speed and remain at this precautionary speed for a comparatively short period of time. Since the difference between the precautionary speed and the strand pull-off speed that is usually aimed for before the lowering is small, a low acceleration compared to conventional breakout detection is sufficient afterwards.
  • the strand draw-off speed is preferably increased essentially to the strand draw-off speed prevailing before the lowering.
  • essentially means a deviation of maximum +/- 15%.
  • parameter values distributor can be, for example, parameter values such as content / volume / mass of the liquid metal in the distributor, current distributor temperature and current distributor level height, current closing element position, current distributor height position, current distributor height movement speed.
  • non-thermal parameter values on the continuous mold can, for example, be parameter values such as bath level height position—indicating the filling level of the continuous mold; also called meniscus height position -, waviness of the meniscus, amount of casting powder added based, for example, on a unit of time or on the strand withdrawal speed, casting powder thickness on the bath level, casting powder thickness distribution over the surface of the bath level.
  • the thickness of the casting powder on the bath level is to be understood as meaning the average layer height of the casting powder on the surface of the bath level, consisting of a liquid portion near the bath level and solid portions lying above it.
  • parameter values on the oscillator can be, for example, values of oscillation parameters such as frequency, stroke, sinusoidality, or parameter values such as hydraulic pressure, oscillation force, inclination of the oscillator.
  • parameter values of the movement of the metal strand can be, for example Act pull-out forces on strand guide segments.
  • a strand guide with strand guide segments is used as the current state of the art in terms of plant engineering. Individual rollers of such strand guide segments can be driven and exert driving forces, so-called pull-out forces, on the metal strand, which can be measured.
  • parameter values of the metal strand can be, for example, strand frictional force, strand frictional energy, strand frictional power, for example per strand, per perimeter length unit, per strand guiding surface unit in the strand guiding mold.
  • parameter values of the casting process is, for example, the immersion tube immersion depth below the bath level, or a characteristic value of the dynamic strand bulging - also called dynamic bulging.
  • the methods according to the invention are preferably computer-implemented methods, for example implemented in the plant control or plant regulation of a continuous casting plant.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is a computer for executing a computer-implemented method according to the invention.
  • a further object of the present application is a plant control and/or regulation of a continuous casting plant with a computer for carrying out a computer-implemented method according to the invention.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is a computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to carry out the steps of the method according to the invention.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is a computer-readable data carrier on which such a computer program product is stored.
  • a computer program product is to be understood as a computer program stored on a carrier.
  • a method according to the invention can be used alone, or it can be used in addition to conventional methods for detecting stickers or predicting strand breakouts. It is easy to retrofit and results in increased productivity. If it is used in addition to conventional methods for detecting stickers or predicting strand breakthroughs, there is the advantage that the number of conventional sticker alarms is reduced, since the circumstances leading to them are prevented to a high percentage by the method according to the invention as a precaution.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is a signal processing device with a machine-readable program code which has regulation commands and/or control commands for carrying out a method according to the invention.
  • the signal processing device is, for example, a control and/or regulating device, for example a plant control and/or plant regulation of a continuous casting plant.
  • a further subject matter of the present application is a continuous casting plant comprising such a signal processing device.
  • a further object of the present application is a machine-readable program code for such a signal processing device, the program code having control commands and/or regulation commands which cause the signal processing device to carry out a method according to the invention.
  • a further object of the present application is a storage medium with such a machine-readable program code stored thereon.
  • Automatic is to be understood that in a method according to the invention, the individual steps such as detection, recording, evaluation, data model creation, data model evaluation, Deviation analysis, target/actual comparison, risk assessment/calculation, risk value comparison with threshold value, determination of the deceleration value, initiation of the deceleration by triggering, determination of the precautionary speed, precautionary period at low speed, re-acceleration, determination of the new speed target value, et cetera without any intervention carried out by humans, with the exception that a human developed, programmed, imported and commissioned the entire computer, control and regulation program.
  • the precautionary period is the period of time during which the precautionary speed is operated - the precautionary speed operation serves to take precaution against the actual occurrence of the sticker event predicted with a probability above the threshold value.
  • an operator of the continuous casting plant is involved in the overall process of the method according to the invention and he or she confirms or rejects the decisions suggested by the method according to the invention and its computer program for individual steps in the sequence of the individual step chain.
  • the parameter values are extracted, filtered and standardized from time intervals (e.g. interval length 10 seconds, or 5 or 15 seconds) that precede the occurrence of a past sticker event.
  • time intervals e.g. interval length 10 seconds, or 5 or 15 seconds
  • machine learning methods of classification such as decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting, symbolic regression
  • patterns and relationships in the past parameter values and the occurrence of sticker events in the past are recognized. These patterns and relationships are applied to currently recorded current parameter values to predict future sticker events.
  • Temperature values are obtained by means of a temperature monitoring system of the continuous mold that includes several measuring positions; the temperature monitoring system has several measuring positions along the longitudinal extension x of the continuous mold - from the place where liquid metal is poured in to the place where the metal strand emerges from the continuous mold - and it also has several measuring positions next to one another at several points along the longitudinal extension x.
  • the probability of the occurrence of a sticker event is calculated for each measuring position lying next to one another at a point of the longitudinal extension x of the continuous mold. If the probability of three measurement positions adjacent to one another at one point of the longitudinal extension x exceeding predefined threshold values, the reduction in the strand withdrawal speed according to the invention is initiated as a countermeasure.
  • figure 1 shows a continuous schematic representation of a course of the strand withdrawal rate versus time Operation of a method according to the invention for continuous casting in comparison to the dashed curve using a conventional method for detecting stickers or predicting strand breakouts. It shows how the reduction of the previously prevailing normal strand take-off speed v NORM 1.2 m/min begins automatically and immediately according to the invention when the threshold value is exceeded.
  • the lowering takes place with an average deceleration of 1.5 m/min 2 to a precautionary speed v LOW 0.8 m/min.
  • the precautionary speed v LOW is 100% of the minimum operating speed v MIN .
  • the precautionary speed v LOW is maintained for 45 seconds, which corresponds to 75% of the duration of a continuous mold run at this speed. Then, with an average acceleration of 0.8 m/min 2 , the normal strand take-off speed v NORM is accelerated and production is continued.
  • the curve when using a conventional method is shown in dashed lines. Lowering of the strand withdrawal speed occurs later, the deceleration to a lower, precautionary strand withdrawal speed, in this case a creeping speed below the minimum operating speed v MIN , is much greater. Crawl speed is maintained for 60 seconds. The subsequent acceleration is lower than in the case of the curve according to the invention, and the normal strand withdrawal speed v NORM is only reached later. As a result, more strand is produced with the method according to the invention, which means that the plant productivity is thereby improved.
  • FIG 2 shows a rough diagram of a continuous casting plant 1 with which a metal strand 2 - for example a steel strand - is produced by means of a continuous casting process.
  • Liquid metal 3 is fed continuously into the continuous mold 5 via a distributor 4 . It runs through them and forms a thin strand shell as a result of cooling at the edge, which shell surrounds a liquid core of the metal strand 2 .
  • the flow of the liquid metal 3 from the outlet 6 - here a dip tube - of the distributor 4 is controlled or regulated via closing elements such as plugs or slides.
  • the metal billet 2 is drawn off at a billet draw-off speed from the continuous mold 5, which oscillates by means of an oscillator (not explicitly shown). After exiting the continuous mold 5, the metal strand 2 is further cooled in the subsequent strand guide 7 and guided until it has completely solidified.
  • figure 3 shows schematically and as an example the creation and application of the data-based model, which is used to evaluate the recorded parameter values during casting.
  • the upper rectangle with a closed border shows how four different types of parameter values initially develop with regard to their expression x over a period of time t. This information is collected and recorded and - represented by a block arrow - fed to an analysis - represented by the middle rectangle bordered by dashed lines.
  • the analysis involves preprocessing A by means of a sequence of the steps interval selection S1, filtering S2, standardization S3 and extraction S4.
  • the result of the pre-processing A is supplied to the modeling B shown schematically as a symbolic regression; there it can Adaptation of the currently existing data-based model can be used if information about the occurrence of sticker events is also available.
  • the currently existing data-based model can also output the probability of the occurrence of sticker events in the continuous mold after preprocessing A; the progression of the probabilities P over time t is shown in the lower rectangle with a closed border for three different measuring positions of the temperature monitoring system that are adjacent to one another at one point of the longitudinal extension x of the continuous mold.
  • the relevant threshold for P is shown dotted. It can be seen how the threshold value is exceeded for each measurement position at different points in time. In the example shown, the strand withdrawal speed is only reduced when the threshold value has been exceeded for all three measurement positions. The time period when this is the case is shown as a closed boxed rectangle with the letter V in it.
  • figure 4 shows schematically and by way of example how the data-based model is created and applied on the basis of parameter values over the course of a period of time represented by the t-axis.
  • Parameter values detected and recorded in the time interval I2 are evaluated using the data-based model; in the example shown, no sticker event is to be expected. If watering were to continue without precautionary measures, a sticker event would occur at time X.
  • the data-based model would allow a suitable choice of the threshold value to recommend the initiation of precautionary measures within the time interval I3. The earlier this is done, the greater the risk of a false alarm.
  • the threshold value is set in such a way that for the sticker event at time X when analyzing parameter values from a time interval I4 that is shorter than time interval I3 - the length of which corresponds to time interval I1 or time interval I2 and within of time interval I3 - is already exceeded in the time interval tv.
  • Precautionary measures such as reducing the speed of the strand pull-off can thus be taken at a time interval tv before the sticker event occurs in order to avoid the sticker event.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
EP21215162.5A 2020-12-17 2021-12-16 Procédé de coulée continue de métal Pending EP4023360A1 (fr)

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EP20215099.1A EP4015104A1 (fr) 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 Procédé de coulée continu de métaux

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT525762A2 (de) * 2021-12-20 2023-07-15 Skf Ab Echtzeit-Überwachungsverfahren und Stabilitätsanalyseverfahren für ein Stranggießverfahren

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0196746A1 (fr) * 1985-02-01 1986-10-08 Nippon Steel Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour empêcher des défauts de coulée dans une installation de coulée continue
DE19843033A1 (de) * 1998-09-19 2000-03-23 Schloemann Siemag Ag Durchbrucherkennungsverfahren für eine Stranggießkokille
CN110548848A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-10 柳州钢铁股份有限公司 预防板坯连铸机纵裂纹产生及粘结漏钢的方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0196746A1 (fr) * 1985-02-01 1986-10-08 Nippon Steel Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour empêcher des défauts de coulée dans une installation de coulée continue
DE19843033A1 (de) * 1998-09-19 2000-03-23 Schloemann Siemag Ag Durchbrucherkennungsverfahren für eine Stranggießkokille
CN110548848A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-10 柳州钢铁股份有限公司 预防板坯连铸机纵裂纹产生及粘结漏钢的方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR SLAB CASTING", STEEL TIMES INTERNATIONAL, DMG WORLD MEDIA, LEWES, GB, vol. 26, no. 3, 1 March 2002 (2002-03-01), pages 23/24, XP001115945, ISSN: 0143-7798 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT525762A2 (de) * 2021-12-20 2023-07-15 Skf Ab Echtzeit-Überwachungsverfahren und Stabilitätsanalyseverfahren für ein Stranggießverfahren

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