Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
  • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
  • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
  • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
  • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
  • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6567—Liquids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
  • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the invention generally relates to batteries for storing electricity, in particular for motor vehicles.
• the bottom of the battery must respect a large number of constraints. It must make it possible to cool the electricity storage cells, support the weight of the cells, and protect these cells against a possible intrusion from below, for example the projection of an object on the roadway or an impact against an obstacle. lying on the roadway.
• the invention aims to provide a battery making it possible to comply with the above constraints.
• the invention relates according to a first aspect to an electricity storage battery for a vehicle comprising:
• a heat exchanger comprising a metallic upper plate defining the bottom of the casing, a lower plate delimiting with the upper plate a circulation volume of a heat transfer fluid, and a plurality of upper fins housed in the circulation volume, the upper fins extending in a first direction, the upper fins being arranged to transmit forces between the upper and lower plates;
• a protective plate covering the lower plate and defining with the lower plate a lower volume
• the lower fins extending in a second direction and being arranged to transmit forces between the protective plate and the lower plate, the lower plate forming with the lower fins and the plate protection one rigid frame taking up most of the forces to which the battery is subjected.
• the structure of the battery makes it possible to meet the requirements described above.
• the cooling of the electricity storage cells is obtained by circulating the heat transfer fluid in the volume located between the upper plate and the lower plate.
• the metal top plate which forms the bottom of the enclosure, allows efficient heat transfer between the cells and the coolant.
• the presence of the upper fins and the lower fins gives great rigidity to the sandwich structure constituting the bottom of the coil, namely the upper plate, the lower plate, the protection plate, the upper fins and the lower fins.
• This sandwich structure can withstand the very heavy weight of the electricity storage cells.
• part of the shock energy is absorbed by deformation of the protection plate, and / or the lower fins, and / or the upper fins.
• the deformation of the bottom plate also helps absorb some of the impact energy.
• the lower fins help to increase the impact area, and therefore reduce the residual force per unit area. This is also true of the upper fins.
• the sandwich formed by the three plates and the two sets of fins prevents an external element from damaging the electricity storage cells, and creating damage that could lead to a fire in the battery.
• the upper and lower fins contribute to the resistance of the power storage battery against lateral stress in the first direction or in the second direction.
• the adaptation parameters are:
• the sandwich structure is very light and has very interesting performance because all the functions are linked and shared. In other words, all the elements of the sandwich structure contribute to anti-intrusion protection, bending resistance and side impact resistance.
• the storage battery may also have one or more of the characteristics below, considered individually or in any technically possible combination:
• the envelope has a lower bin and a cover, the lower bin comprising the upper plate and a raised edge towards the cover;
• the battery comprises an external mechanical reinforcement, interposed between the upright edge of the lower tray and a peripheral edge of the protection plate;
• the raised edge comprises two first sections parallel to the first direction and two second sections parallel to the second direction and connecting the two first sections to one another, the external mechanical reinforcement comprising two third plates folded in crenellations parallel to the first direction and applied against the first sections, and two fourth plates folded into crenellations parallel to the second direction and applied against the second sections;
• the protective plate has a central bottom, the peripheral edge comprising two first segments parallel to the first direction and integral with the central bottom in a first material, and two second segments parallel to the second direction and made of a second material less rigid than the first material;
• the first and second directions form between them an angle of between 60 ° and 120 °;
• the battery includes:
• an upper angle extending over the entire periphery of the casing comprising a first upper wing pressed against the frame and integral with the frame, and a second upper wing extending vis-à-vis the raised edge;
• a lower angle extending over the entire periphery of the casing, comprising a first lower wing pressed against the frame and integral with the frame, and a second lower wing extending vis-à-vis the raised edge; -
• the first upper wing of the upper angle and the first lower wing of the lower angle are superimposed at a distance one above the other and each have a width greater than 30 mm;
• the lower fins form an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to a normal direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions;
• the frame comprises an additional protection plate covering the protection plate, and delimiting with the protection plate an additional volume, and additional fins housed in the additional volume, the additional fins extending in a third direction and being arranged for transmit forces between the protective plate and the additional protective plate;
• the third direction forms with the second direction an angle of between 60 ° and 120 °.
• the invention relates to a vehicle equipped with an electricity storage battery having the above characteristics, the battery being placed under the vehicle such that the protective plate is located opposite the running surface.
• the invention relates to a vehicle equipped with an electricity storage battery having the above characteristics, the vehicle having a longitudinal direction of normal advance, the third direction forming an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction.
• Figure 1 is a sectional view of the electricity storage battery according to a first embodiment of the invention, taken in a plane containing the first direction, considered according to the incidence of arrows I of the figure 2;
• Figure 2 is a sectional view of the electricity storage battery of Figure 1, taken in a plane containing the second direction, viewed along the incidence of arrows II of Figure 1;
• FIG 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery of Figures 1 and 2;
• Figure 4 is a sectional view of the bottom of the battery, for a variant of the first embodiment of the invention;
• FIG 5 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of the upper and lower fins of the battery of Figures 1 to 5;
• Figure 6 is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 1, for a second embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 7 is a perspective view of a detail of the battery of Figure 6;
• Figure 8 is a perspective view of the frame, for a variant of the second embodiment, with a cutout revealing the internal structure;
• Figures 9 and 10 are perspective views of the lower fins and additional fins of Figure 8.
• Figure 1 1 is a schematic representation, in top view, of a vehicle equipped with the battery according to the variant of the second embodiment.
• the electric battery 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is intended to equip a vehicle, typically a motor vehicle such as a car, a bus or a truck.
• the vehicle is for example a vehicle propelled by an electric motor, the motor being supplied electrically by the electric battery.
• the vehicle is of the hybrid type, and thus comprises a heat engine and an electric motor supplied electrically by the electric battery.
• the vehicle is propelled by a heat engine, the electric battery being provided to supply electrically other equipment of the vehicle, for example the starter, lights, etc.
• the electric battery shown in Figures 1 to 3 is according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Battery 1 comprises a plurality of electricity storage cells 3, and a casing 5 internally delimiting a volume 7 for receiving electricity storage cells 3.
• Battery 1 typically comprises a large number of electricity storage cells 3, typically several dozen electricity storage cells 3.
• Electricity storage cells 3 are of any suitable type: lithium cells of the lithium-ion polymer (Li-Po), lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP), lithium-cobalt (LCO), lithium-manganese (LMO) type ), nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), and typical cells (NiMH (nickel metalhydride in English).
• the storage cells 3 are distributed in one or more modules 9, typically in several modules 9.
• the electric battery 1 comprises four modules 9.
• the battery comprises a different number of modules 9. , eight, twelve or any other number.
• the number of modules 9 depends on the desired battery capacity
• the electricity storage battery 1 further comprises a heat exchanger 1 1.
• the heat exchanger 1 1 comprises an upper metal plate 13 defining the bottom of the casing 5, a lower plate 15 delimiting with the upper plate 13 a volume 17 for circulating a heat transfer fluid, and a plurality of upper fins 19, housed in the circulation volume 17.
• the upper fins 19 extend in a first direction D1 and are arranged to transmit forces between the upper and lower plates 13, 15.
• the electricity storage cells 3 rest on the top plate 13.
• the modules 9 are in contact with the top plate 13, directly or through a layer of thermal paste 21, ensuring thermal contact between the modules 9 and the top plate 13.
• the top plate 13 is made of aluminum, or an aluminum alloy. This ensures efficient heat exchanges between cells 3 and the heat transfer fluid.
• the upper plate 13 is made of steel, of high elastic limit steel or even of stainless steel.
• the battery 1 also comprises a protective plate 23 covering the lower plate 15 and defining with the lower plate 15 a lower volume 25.
• the battery 1 also comprises lower stiffening fins 27, housed in the lower volume 25.
• the lower fins 27 extend in a second direction D2. They are designed to transmit forces between the protective plate 23 and the lower plate 15.
• the lower plate 15 forms with the lower fins 27 and the protective plate 23 a rigid frame 28 taking up most of the forces to which the battery is subjected.
• the frame 28 takes up at least 80% of the efforts, preferably at least 90% of the efforts, more preferably at least 95% of the efforts.
• the second direction D2 is advantageously not parallel to the first direction D1.
• the first and second directions D1, D2 form between them an angle of between 60 ° and 120 °, more preferably between 80 ° and 100 °, and preferably equal to 90 °.
• the lower fins 27 and the upper fins 19 are preferably perpendicular to each other.
• the upper plate 13, the lower plate 15 and the protective plate 23 have respective main areas 29, 31, 33 facing each other, substantially parallel to each other. They are perpendicular to the same normal direction N, shown in the figures.
• the first and second directions D1, D2 are typically substantially perpendicular to the normal direction N.
• the main zones 29, 31, 33 substantially cover at least 80% of the corresponding plates 13, 15, 23.
• the main zones 29 and 31 are substantially flat. They are spaced from each other, in the normal direction N, by a height corresponding to the height of the upper fins 19. Typically, this height is between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 5 mm. , and it is for example 4 mm.
• the heat transfer fluid circulating in the circulation volume 17 is of any suitable type.
• this fluid is glycol water.
• the heat exchanger 1 1 comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, not shown, opening into the circulation volume 17.
• the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are provided to be connected to a heat transfer fluid circuit typically comprising a circulation member such as a pump, and a member making it possible to evacuate the heat taken from the electricity storage cells 3 by the heat transfer fluid.
• the upper fins 19 are arranged to define circulation channels for the coolant from the inlet to the outlet.
• the upper fins 19 are formed by a first metal plate 35 folded into crenellations.
• the upper fins 19 are connected to each other by first upper plates 37 bearing against the upper plate 13, and by first lower plates 39 bearing against the lower plate 15.
• the upper fins 19 are juxtaposed, and are substantially parallel to each other.
• Each upper fin 19 extends in a plane containing the first direction D1 and containing the normal direction N, or containing the first direction D1 and slightly inclined with respect to the normal direction N.
• slightly inclined is meant an angle of less than 20 °.
• the upper fins 19 are regularly spaced from each other in the second direction D2. Each fin 19 is thus framed by two neighboring fins.
• Each upper fin 19 has an upper edge 41 and a lower edge 43, extending in the first direction D1 ( Figure 5).
• each fin 19 is connected by one of the upper flats 37 to one of the two neighboring fins.
• the lower edge 43 is connected by a lower flat 39 to the other neighboring fin.
• the first upper plates 37 are rigidly fixed to the upper plate 13. Typically, they are fixed by brazing or by gluing. Brazing or gluing makes it possible to secure substantially the entire surface of the first upper plate 37 to the upper plate 13.
• first lower plates 39 are rigidly fixed to the lower plate 15. They are typically fixed by brazing or gluing, each over substantially its entire surface.
• the first upper plates 37 in normal projection on the upper plate 13, cover at least 30% of the area of the normal projection of the first metal plate 35 on the upper plate 13.
• the normal projections of the first top dishes 37 together cover between 41 and 48% of the normal projection of the first metal plate 35.
• the fins 19 are practically parallel to the normal direction N, so that the first upper flats 37 cover a proportion close to 50% of the normal projection of the first metal plate 35.
• the surface of the first metal plate 35 rigidly fixed to the top plate 13 is very high, so that it is not necessary to use expensive fastening means. It is not necessary to obtain an extremely high bonding or brazing force between the first upper plates 37 and the upper plate 13.
• the bonding or brazing force per unit area is a function of the mechanical resistance of the upper fins. 19.
• first lower plates 39 in normal projection on the lower plate 15, cover at least 30% of the area of the normal projection of the first metal plate 35 on said lower plate 15.
• the projections of the lower first plates 39 together typically cover between 41 and 48% of the normal projection of the first metal plate 35.
• the first metal plate 35 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
• the first metal plate 35 is made of steel, or of steel with a high or very high elastic limit, or in dual phase (steel with two phases intermingled with grains in martensitic and ferritic form)
• the upper fins 19 have a height comprised between 3 and 5 mm, typically 4 mm, with a pitch, that is to say a spacing in the second direction D2, comprised between 3 and 5 mm, and equal to typically 3 mm.
• the plate typically has a wall thickness of about 0.2 mm.
• the upper and lower walls are linked to each other by a large number of vertical walls, spaced 3 to 5 mm apart. This imparts excellent rigidity to the heat exchanger.
• the lower plate 15 has, around the main zone 31, an edge 45 projecting towards the upper plate 13, extended by an outgoing flange 47.
• the outgoing flange 47 is pressed against the upper plate 13. It is fixed in a sealed manner to the heat transfer fluid under the upper plate 13.
• the bottom plate 15 is slightly concave towards the top plate 13.
• the bottom plate 15 is typically made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
• the lower plate 15 is steel, high elastic limit steel or even stainless steel.
• the lower fins 27 are formed by a second metal plate 49 folded into crenellations.
• the lower fins 27 are connected to each other by second upper plates 51 bearing against the lower plate 15, and by second lower plates 53 bearing against the protective plate 23.
• the lower fins 27 are substantially parallel to each other. They each extend in a plane containing the second direction D2 and the normal direction N, or in a plane containing the second direction D2 and slightly inclined with respect to the normal direction N. We mean here by slightly inclined an angle less than 20 °.
• the lower fins 27 are regularly spaced from each other in the first direction D1.
• Each lower fin 27 has an upper edge 55 extending in the second direction D2 and a lower edge 57 extending in the second direction D2.
• Each lower fin 27 is framed by two other neighboring lower fins 27, arranged on either side in the first direction D1.
• the upper edge 55 of the lower fin 27 is connected to one of the two neighboring fins by one of the upper flats 51.
• the lower edge 57 is connected to the other neighboring fin by one of the lower flats 53.
• the second upper plates 51 are rigidly fixed to the lower plate 15. They are rigidly fixed to the lower plate 15 each by substantially all of its surface. They are typically each fixed by brazing or gluing.
• the second lower plates 53 are rigidly fixed to the protection plate 23. They are each fixed to the protection plate 23 over almost all of its surface. They are each fixed by brazing or gluing.
• the area attached to the bottom plate 15 or to the cover plate 23 is very large, so that it is not necessary to use expensive fastening means.
• the second upper plates 51 in normal projection on the lower plate 15, cover at least 30% of the surface area of the normal projection of the second metal plate 49 on said lower plate 15.
• the normal projections of the second upper plates 51 together cover 41 to 48% of the area of the normal projection of the second metal plate 49.
• the second lower plates 53 in normal projection on the protection plate 23, cover at least 30% of the area of the normal projection of the second metal plate 49 on the protection plate 23.
• the normal projections of the second plates lower sections 53 together preferably cover between 41 and 48% of the area of the normal projection of the second metal plate 49.
• the height of the lower fins 27, taken in the normal direction, is between 4 and 14 mm, preferably between 5 and 10 mm, and is for example 7 mm.
• the pitch is typically between 3 and 8 mm, and is for example 4.5 mm.
• the lower fins 27 are relatively more rigid than the upper fins 19.
• the second metal plate 49 has a thickness of between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, preferably between 0.7 and 1.5 mm, even more preferably around 1 mm, and advantageously equal to 1 mm. It is made of steel, or of steel with a high or very high elastic limit, or in dual phase, or even of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
• the protection plate 23 is typically made of a composite material of the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) type, or of steel, or of high elastic limit steel, or of very high elastic limit steel, or of aluminum, or of an alloy of 'aluminum.
• RTM Resin Transfer Molding
• the RTM type composite material preferably comprises a thermoplastic or thermosetting material and a reinforcement.
• this reinforcement may comprise fibers, a majority of fibers being continuous fibers of length greater than 100 mm. Preferably, at least 50% by weight of the fibers are continuous fibers. These fibers are advantageously arranged in several layers, with orientations chosen to obtain excellent mechanical strength as a function of the stresses.
• the thermosetting material is, for example, a polyester, a vinyl ester, an epoxy, an acrylic or a bio-based resin.
• the thermoplastic material is, for example, a synthetic or bio-based thermoplastic resin.
• the reinforcement is, for example, a fiber of glass, basalt, carbon, aramid, or HMPP (high molecular weight polypropylene).
• the backing is flax, hemp, or some other bio-based fiber.
• the protection plate 23 has a thickness between 2 and 5 mm, preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, more preferably around 3 mm, and ideally equal to 3 mm.
• the composite material is of the SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) type. It then preferably comprises a thermoplastic or thermosetting material and a reinforcement.
• these reinforcements are fibers, a majority of the fibers being short fibers of length less than 51 mm (two inches). These short fibers are typically staple fibers.
• Long fibers are advantageously arranged at certain points to locally reinforce the structure if necessary. These long fibers have a length greater than 100 mm. These long fibers are also called continuous fibers.
• the protective plate 23 is made of aluminum foam, or an aluminum plate sandwich, aluminum foam, aluminum plate, these three thicknesses being atomically bonded by fusion.
• the protective plate 23 is made of a steel, in particular a steel with high elastic limit.
• the function of the upper fins 19 is mainly to mechanically link the upper plate 13 to the lower plate 15. They make it possible in particular to transmit forces in the normal direction N between the two plates. As an annex, the upper fins 19 allow heat to be transmitted from the upper plate 13 to the coolant.
• the first metal plate 35 considered in normal projection on the upper plate 13, covers the largest possible area, and preferably covers at least 80% of the area of the upper plate 13.
• the second metal plate 49 considered in normal projection on the lower plate 15, covers the largest possible area, and preferably at least 80% of the area of the lower plate 15.
• the casing 5 comprises a lower tray 63 and a cover 65.
• the lower tray 63 comprises, in addition to the upper plate 13, a raised edge 67 towards the cover 65, with a closed contour, entirely surrounding the top plate 13.
• the lower tray 63 is advantageously integral, preferably from stamping. Thus, it is perfectly sealed, so that a possible liquid leak from one of the electricity storage cells 3 would be contained by the lower tray 63.
• the lower tray 63 is of course made of the same material as the upper plate 29. Thus, the lower tray 63 is typically made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or alternatively of steel, of high elastic limit steel or even of stainless steel.
• the depth of the lower pan is around 45 mm. This depth depends on the ability of the chosen material to be stamped. For low-drawable materials, the height is less. On the other hand, if the material is likely to be easily elongated, it is possible to exceed this value.
• the raised edge 67 is extended outwardly of the casing 5 by an outgoing flange 69.
• the cover 65 is concave towards the lower tray 63.
• the cover 65 has a free edge 71, forming an outgoing flange which has exactly the same geometry and the same width as the flange 69 of the lower tray 63.
• the flanges 69 and 71 define a joint plane for the cover 65 and the lower tray 63.
• the cover 65 and the lower tray 63 are rigidly fixed to one another, by any suitable means, at this parting plane.
• the cover 65 has a depth corresponding to the height of the modules 9, reduced by the depth of the lower tray 63, plus a functional clearance.
• the cover 65 is preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. As a variant, it is made of steel for reasons of fire resistance. Advantageously, it is made of stainless steel, resistant to both fire and corrosion. It is then preferably obtained by stamping. According to another variant, the cover 65 is made of a plastic material or of a composite material. In this case, it is of the SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) type.
• SMC Sheet Molding Compound
• the cover 65 is made of steel, it is preferably coated with a coating resistant to corrosion, by zinc plating, cataphoresis, or any other method.
• the battery 1 also comprises an external mechanical reinforcement 73, interposed between the upright edge 67 of the lower tray 63 and a peripheral edge 75 of the protection plate 23.
• the purpose of this external reinforcement 73 is to resist the external lateral forces that the casing. 5 suffered during an accident or during the impact of a body on the lower part of the casing 5.
• the raised edge 67 comprises two first sections 77 parallel to the first direction D1, and two second sections 79 parallel to the second direction D2 and connecting the two first sections 77 to each other .
• the external mechanical reinforcement 73 comprises two third plates 81 folded in crenellations parallel to the first direction D1 and applied against the first sections 77. It also comprises two fourth plates 83, folded in crenellations parallel to the second direction D2 and applied against the second sections 79.
• the third and fourth plates 81, 83 are folded like the first and second plates.
• the third and fourth plates 81, 83 are rigidly fixed to the raised edge 67 by any suitable means: gluing, brazing, laser welding, spot welding, arc welding, clinching, etc.
• the fixing of the third and fourth plates 81, 83 to the raised edge 67 is carried out without creating an orifice passing through the lower tray, for sealing reasons.
• the external mechanical reinforcement 73 makes it possible, in the event of an external lateral impact, to distribute the forces over a large area, which leads to a reduction in the pressure per unit area exerted on the casing.
• the external mechanical reinforcement 73 works in flexion.
• the battery 1 comprises at least one internal reinforcing plate 85, disposed inside the lower tray 63 and rigidly fixed to the lower tray 63.
• the or each internal reinforcement plate 85 is parallel to the first direction D1.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate 85 is typically disposed between two modules 9 of electricity storage cells.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate 85 extends from one of the two second sections 79 to the other second section 79. It is rigidly fixed at its two ends to the two second sections 79.
• the or each internal reinforcement plate 85 typically extends in a plane containing the first direction D1 and the normal direction N.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate 85 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and consists of a bent sheet or an extruded profile.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate 85 is a folded sheet of steel, for example of steel with high elastic limit, very high elastic limit or of dual phase type.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate 85 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy if the lower pan 63 is itself made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate 85 is made of steel if the lower tray is itself made of steel. This makes it possible to weld the internal reinforcement plate (s) 85 to the lower pan 63.
• the or each internal reinforcing plate is glued or clinched to the lower tray 63, in the event that fixing by welding is difficult or impossible.
• the modules 9 are arranged in one or more rows extending in the second direction D2.
• An internal reinforcing plate 85 is placed between each pair of neighboring modules 9.
• the protective plate 23 comprises a central base 87, the peripheral edge 67 comprising two first segments 89 parallel to the first direction D1 and integral with the central base 87, and two second segments 91 parallel to the second direction D2.
• the second segments 91 are not integral with the central base 87 and the first segments 89.
• the central bottom 87 and the two first segments 89 are made of a first material, which has been described above.
• the second segments 91 are made of a second material which is less rigid than the first material.
• the second segments 91 have no structural function, and are provided mainly to prevent the accumulation of dirt or liquid in the lower volume 25.
• the second segments 91 can be made of a material less expensive than the first material, for example. example a thin sheet.
• the central base 87 corresponds substantially to the main zone 33. It is reinforced by reliefs 92 formed in the material constituting the central base 87.
• the third plates 81 are taken between the first sections 77 and the first segments 89.
• the fourth plates 83 are taken between the second sections 79 and the second segments 91 ( Figure 1).
• the rigidity of the battery is ensured mainly by the internal reinforcing plate or plates 85. These have a high rigidity. .
• the force first passes through the fourth plate 83, which distributes the force over a large area. The force is then transmitted to the upper fins 19 and to the or each internal reinforcing plate 85.
• the protective plate 23 and the second segments 91 also contribute to the rigidity of the structure.
• the rigidity is mainly provided by the lower fins 27.
• the force first passes through the third plate 81, which makes it possible to distribute this force over a large area.
• the force is then transmitted to the fourth plates 83 and to the lower fins 27.
• the central bottom 87 and the first segments 89 of the protection plate 23 also contribute to the rigidity of the battery in this case.
• the lower plate 15 does not have a concave shape towards the upper plate. On the contrary, it is substantially flat.
• the upper plate 13 is not integrated into a lower tray 63 integral, of the type illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
• the upper plate 13 on the contrary is concave towards the lower plate 15.
• the main part 29 of the upper plate 13 is thus extended by an edge 95 projecting towards the lower plate 15.
• the projecting edge 95 is extended for its part by an outgoing flange 97, pressed against the lower plate 15.
• the outgoing flange 97 is fixed in a sealed manner to the bottom plate 15.
• the invention has been described with lower and upper fins formed by plates folded into crenellations.
• the lower fins are not formed by a crenellated folded plate. They are formed by several folded plates, each plate defining one or more fins.
• the folded plate or plates are not necessarily folded into crenellations, but can be folded according to any other profile, provided that the forces are transmitted between the protective plate and the lower plate. The situation is the same for the upper fins.
• the battery 1 comprises:
• An upper angle 101 extending over the entire periphery of the casing 5, comprising a first upper wing 103 pressed against the frame 28 and integral with the frame 28, and a second upper wing 105 extending vis-à-vis from the raised edge 67;
• a lower angle 107 extending over the entire periphery of the casing 5, comprising a first lower wing 109 pressed against the frame 28 and integral with the frame 28, and a second lower wing 1 1 1 extending opposite -Screw from erected edge 67.
• the battery 1 does not include the external mechanical reinforcement 73.
• the upper angle 101 has an L-shaped section, the first and second upper wings 103, 105 being substantially perpendicular to each other. More precisely, the first upper wing 103 is substantially perpendicular to the normal direction N. The second upper wing 105 is substantially parallel to the normal direction N.
• the lower angle 107 has an L-shaped section, the first and second lower wings 109, 1 1 1 being substantially perpendicular to each other.
• first lower wing 109 is substantially perpendicular to the normal direction N.
• the second lower wing 11 1 is substantially parallel to the normal direction N.
• the lower plate 15 has a substantially flat outer edge 1 13 (Figure 7). It does not have an edge 45 projecting towards the upper plate or an outgoing flange.
• the first upper wing 103 is pressed against an upper surface 115 of the lower plate 15, facing the upper plate 13. It is pressed against the flat outer edge 113 of the lower plate 15.
• the bottom of the lower tank 63 that is to say the upper plate 13, has a central zone 1 17 slightly concave towards the lower plate 15, surrounded by a peripheral zone 1 19 fixed in a sealed manner to the first upper wing 103 .
• the circulation volume 17 is sealed, at its periphery, by the upper angle 101.
• the peripheral edge 75 of the protective plate 23 is substantially flat (Figure 7), and extends in the same plane as the main area 33.
• the first lower wing 109 is pressed against a lower surface 121 of the protection plate 23, facing away from the lower plate 15. It is pressed against the flat peripheral edge 75 of the protection plate 23.
• the second lower wing 1 1 1 and the second upper wing 105 are pressed against each other and are rigidly attached to each other.
• the second lower wing 1 1 1 is located outwardly relative to the second upper wing 105.
• the first upper wing 103 and the first lower wing 109 are superimposed at a distance one above the other, in the normal direction N. They each have a width greater than 30 mm, preferably between 30 and 70mm, typically equal to 50 mm. In other words, the first upper wing 103 and the first lower wing 109 are superimposed according to the normal direction N over a width L of at least 30 mm, preferably between 30 and 70mm.
• the upper and lower angles 101 and 107 are preferably made of a martensitic steel having a maximum tensile strength (denoted Rm in the text below) of between 900 MPa and 2000 MPa.
• the lower fins are for example made of two-phase steel (ferrite and martensite) having an Rm of 1000 MPa, or of pure martensite steel with an Rm of 1200 to 1700 MPa.
• the upper and lower angles 101 and 107 have a thickness of 2 mm.
• the lower plate 15 and the protective plate 23 each have a thickness of approximately 1 mm.
• the lower fins 27 have a height of between 4 mm and 20 mm, typically 14 mm.
• the upper and lower angles 101 and 107 have the function of reinforcing the frame 28 over its entire periphery. They are designed in particular to give the battery 1 good resistance in the event of side impacts.
• the angles are particularly stressed.
• the most rigid area of the structure is the area where the angles 101 and 107 are attached to the frame 28. This is why it is important that the angles are superimposed over a sufficient width L, for example around 50mm. This rating depends on the demands. In fact, we have in this zone, on the width L, two horizontal plates 3 mm thick, linked by 1 mm fins.
• the second lower wing 1 1 1 and the second upper wing 105 significantly stiffen the structure and also help to fight against overturning.
• the entire structure consisting of the lower plate 15, the protective plate 23, the upper fins 19 and the lower fins 27 helps to distribute the force in the rest of the frame.
• the lower fins 27 form an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the normal direction N. This angle is typically between 40 ° and 50 °, and is preferably 45 °. Such an inclination is particularly favorable in the event of intrusion from below.
• the frame 28 of the battery is in fact exposed to shocks, due to rocks, branches, or any other body located on the running surface.
• shocks are simulated by a so-called “drop well” test, corresponding to a 200J impact with a sphere or hemisphere of 180 mm in diameter for example. After this shock, there should be no intrusion into the modules (a critical case that could lead to damage to the cells and to the creation of a short-circuit, possibly resulting in setting the battery on fire).
• the role of the lower fins 27 is particularly critical. If the lower fins 27 are vertical, they have maximum rigidity in the normal direction N. Upon impact, they will tend to transfer to the lower plate 15 all of the force generated by the sphere. As a result, the crushing of the protective plate 23 / lower fins 27 / lower plate 15 sandwich is reduced, and the impact energy is little or no absorption. The structure bends, without absorbing energy. It is then the upper fins 19 which must completely absorb the bending of the sandwich 23/27/15. These are not designed for this purpose.
• the lower fins 27 have an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° relative to the normal direction N increases the capacity of the structure to absorb a shock from the bottom.
• the fins 27 have a much lower vertical stiffness than with an angle of 90 °, and this without affecting the performance in side impact.
• the upper fins 19 form an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the normal direction N, preferably between 40 ° and 50 °, and for example equal to 45 °.
• the upright edge 67 of the lower tray 63 comprises two first substantially straight sections 77, substantially parallel and opposite to each other, and two second substantially straight sections 79, substantially parallel to one another. and connecting the first two sections 77 to one another.
• the first sections 77 are oriented along the transverse axis of the vehicle, and the second sections 79 are oriented along the longitudinal axis, that is to say in the direction of normal movement of the vehicle.
• the second direction D2 forms an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° relative to the second upper wing 105, preferably of between 40 ° and 50 °, and for example equal to 45 °.
• the structures are designed to respond preferentially perpendicular to the longitudinal vehicle axis. But these structures perform poorly in the event of a longitudinal impact.
• the frame 28 advantageously comprises an additional protective plate 121 covering the protective plate 23, and delimiting with the protective plate 23 an additional volume 123 ( Figure 8). It also includes additional fins 125 housed in the additional volume 123.
• the additional fins 125 extend in a third direction D3 and are arranged to transmit forces between the protection plate 23 and the additional protection plate 123.
• the third direction D3 forms with the second direction D2 an angle of between 60 ° and 120 °, preferably between 75 ° and 105 °, and for example equal to 90 °.
• the additional protective plate 121 is made of the same material and has the same thickness as the protective plate 23.
• the additional fins 125 are formed by a metal plate 127 folded in a crenellated manner (FIG. 10). They are typically made of the same material and have the same thickness as the lower fins 27. They have the same geometry as the lower fins, and in particular form an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the normal direction N, of preferably between 40 ° and 50 °, and for example equal to 45 °. They have substantially the same height, in the normal direction, as the lower fins 27.
• the frame 28 described above with reference to Figures 7 and 8 is not torsionally symmetrical due to the orientation of the fins less than 45 ° relative to the second sections 79.
• This design is however satisfactory in the case of a battery for a hybrid vehicle.
• the size of the battery is then typically 1 m by 70 cm and its mass is approximately 150 kg.
• the battery In the case of a battery for an exclusively electric propulsion vehicle, the battery has a longitudinal length of about 3 m, a transverse width of 1.4 m and a mass of 600 kg.
• such a battery is part of the chassis of the vehicle and must therefore have high mechanical characteristics in bending and in torsion.
• the lower fins 27 are strongly inclined relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the vehicle.
• the additional fins 125 are also strongly inclined with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the vehicle, and are moreover practically perpendicular to the lower fins 27. This makes it possible to obtain that the frame 28 has identical behavior in all directions, in torsion, in bending, and in shocks.
• the upper angles 101 are fixed on the protection plate 23 and the lower angles 107 are fixed under the additional protection plate 121.
• Figure 7 illustrates a motor vehicle equipped with a battery according to the embodiment described above.
• the lower fins 27 are shown schematically by broken lines. It appears that the third direction D3 forms an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with the longitudinal direction L.
• the second direction D2 also forms an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with the longitudinal direction L, and forms an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with the second direction D2.
• the invention provides a battery comprising:
• the frame 28 is flat above (lower plate 15) and below (protective plate 23).
• the existing batteries are generally flat-bottomed on the road side and but have side members and cross members on the cell side, at the level of the interior of the lower tray 65, which makes the interior floor of the battery not flat and therefore incompatible with the realization of 'a heat exchanger. For this reason, this heat exchanger is very often housed inside the volume where the cells, with the risk of filling this volume with coolant in the event of a leak.
• the lower tray 63 and the cover 65 are obtained by stamping and are therefore completely sealed. Sealing is to be achieved only at the level of the joint surfaces between the lower tray 63 and the cover 65, and at the level of the cable glands.
• the frame is made of several mechanically welded parts with great risk vis-à-vis sealing.
• the various structural elements of the battery are preferably made of steel by adapting their resistance to stresses.
• the use of steel with high elastic limit makes it possible to reduce the thickness for the same mechanical performance.
• brazing can be used to bond parts where the brazed area is large and the stress concentrations are lower than the mechanical capability of the brazed joint. Bonding can also be used, in particular to bind the upper fins 19 to the upper and lower plates 13, 15. Strong brazing is not recommended because of its high temperature which will destroy the mechanical characteristics of steels (annealing).
• the various structural elements of the battery are made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.
• the thicknesses of the structural parts must be adapted to obtain the same mechanical performance.
• steel is used for the elements constituting the frame and for the angles, and aluminum for the rest of the structure, which is less stressed.
• the cover according to yet another variant is made of SMC or any other plastic having the required properties.
• the protective plate 23 and the additional protective plate 123 are made of RTM.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• 2019
  • 2019-06-28 FR FR1907192A patent/FR3098022B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2020
  • 2020-06-25 WO PCT/EP2020/067878 patent/WO2020260482A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2020-06-25 CN CN202080045950.XA patent/CN114008840A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-06-25 US US17/622,597 patent/US20230014338A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-06-25 EP EP20734046.4A patent/EP3991238A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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