EP3983494A1 - Komprimierbarer haftklebriger struktureller klebefilm auf basis einer latent reaktiven zusammensetzung - Google Patents
Komprimierbarer haftklebriger struktureller klebefilm auf basis einer latent reaktiven zusammensetzungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3983494A1 EP3983494A1 EP20733914.4A EP20733914A EP3983494A1 EP 3983494 A1 EP3983494 A1 EP 3983494A1 EP 20733914 A EP20733914 A EP 20733914A EP 3983494 A1 EP3983494 A1 EP 3983494A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive film
- pressure
- weight
- epoxy
- structural adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LFMQNMXVVXHZCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl n,n-diethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SC(=S)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 LFMQNMXVVXHZCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013466 adhesive and sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCOCC1CO1 SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBJWYMFTMJFGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 QBJWYMFTMJFGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1CC2OC2CC1 OECTYKWYRCHAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAYDWGMOPRHLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21C=C XAYDWGMOPRHLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBHIUNHSNSQJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-3-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound C1CC2(C)OC2CC1C1(C)CO1 RBHIUNHSNSQJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOYQDLJWKKUFEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-ylmethyl 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-ene-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C=1C2OC2CCC=1C(=O)OCC1CC2OC2CC1 AOYQDLJWKKUFEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXALYBMHAYZKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-ylmethyl 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-4-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC2OC2CC1C(=O)OCC1CC2OC2CC1 YXALYBMHAYZKAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005510 Diuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004823 Reactive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000181 anti-adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IDSLNGDJQFVDPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl) hexanedioate Chemical compound C1CC2OC2CC1OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC1CC2OC2CC1 IDSLNGDJQFVDPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNWBGZGLCKETOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1.C1COCOC1 DNWBGZGLCKETOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XXOYNJXVWVNOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenuron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XXOYNJXVWVNOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMLIZLVNXIYGCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N monuron Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BMLIZLVNXIYGCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
- C08G59/4014—Nitrogen containing compounds
- C08G59/4021—Ureas; Thioureas; Guanidines; Dicyandiamides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
- C09J2301/408—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the adhesive layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
- C09J2301/412—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components presence of microspheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2463/00—Presence of epoxy resin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compressible pressure-sensitive adhesive structural adhesive film based on a latently reactive composition which is activated and crosslinked by means of heat and, in the uncured state, is pressure-sensitive adhesive at room temperature.
- “Latently reactive adhesive film” is understood to mean an adhesive film in which curing takes place through the application of heat. The hardener is in the adhesive film, but only becomes reactive when the temperature rises or after a certain temperature has been reached.
- adheresive film or “adhesive film” means any form of flat adhesive systems, not just adhesive films, but also adhesive tapes, adhesive foils, adhesive strips, adhesive plates or adhesive punched parts. Furthermore, the term “adhesive tape” or “adhesive film” also encompasses so-called “transfer films”, that is to say linerless adhesive tapes.
- Pressure-sensitive adhesive are adhesives or adhesive films which are able to connect two parts to be joined only by applying pressure.
- a permanent connection with the joining partner can be realized under relatively weak contact pressure. The connection is reversible, which means it can be released again without destroying the parts to be joined.
- “compressible” means an adhesive film or adhesive film which can be subjected to compression deformation before the final thermal crosslinking and which returns to its original thickness after the load is removed.
- “Structural or semi-structural” adhesive connections refer to connections that have a bond strength of> 2 MPa on common substrates (e.g. aluminum, steel, GRP, CFRP).
- Root temperature means a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2 ° C.
- a large percentage of epoxy resin adhesives based on liquid adhesives are used for structural and semi-structural bonding of components (for example in the automotive body shop). These are applied via complex controlled dynamic or static dosing systems.
- the liquid adhesives have the disadvantage that they have no initial strength (also referred to as initial bond strength), so that the components to be joined have to be held mechanically in position during the curing process. This is e.g. solved by welding points or clamps.
- pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes hold the components in position immediately after they have been joined and thus overcome the disadvantage of liquid adhesives listed above. They are reversible, i.e. repeated repositioning is still possible. Special forms of these adhesive tapes can then be subjected to a curing process in which they build up their final performance in terms of strength and durability. Curing is started via UV light, increased temperatures or moisture. The hardening is irreversible, so that repositioning is no longer possible afterwards.
- WO 2015/011686 A1 describes an adhesive tape which can be used on oiled surfaces.
- this thermally crosslinking system has no pressure-sensitive adhesive properties at room temperature, so that the components have to be mechanically fixed until the adhesive film is completely cured.
- pressure-sensitive adhesive films based on epoxy resin are state of the art, e.g. when gluing mirror feet to windshields, as shown in US Pat. No. 5,587,236 A.
- this system is not suitable for gluing on oiled surfaces.
- thermoplastic film formers for producing a pressure-sensitive adhesive film based on epoxy resin which are pressure-sensitive at room temperature are also known, described e.g. in WHERE
- WO 2014/071334 A1 describes an adhesive film based on epoxy resin, containing core-shell rubber particles and thermally expandable microparticles, which expands during curing under the influence of the curing temperature.
- the disadvantage here is that the joining parts are not optimally wetted before curing due to the joining part tolerances and this only happens during the expansion during curing. In this case, however, the build-up of adhesion to the joint partner is no longer ensured due to the progressive crosslinking, so that there is often a lack of adhesion on the second joint part.
- an object of the present invention to provide an improved pressure-sensitive adhesive film which is pressure-sensitive adhesive at room temperature, can be used on oiled surfaces, is compressible in the uncured state to compensate for joint tolerances and after Hardening has high strengths (e.g. in the tensile shear test according to DIN EN 1465 on steel of> 10 MPa), as well as high resistance to environmental influences.
- Another object is to provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive film which can be produced without the use of film formers and solvents.
- a pressure-sensitive, structural adhesive film based on an epoxy resin composition comprising a latently reactive, thermally activated hardener for producing a structural bond after thermal curing.
- the epoxy resin composition additionally comprises one Room temperature curing hardener, whereby the uncured adhesive film is compressible and thus enables tolerance compensation.
- the production of a prepolymer or, in this case, a pressure-sensitively adhesive, flat structure in the form of an adhesive film can be achieved independently of the layer thickness without the use of a film former or the like. There is also no need for acrylates or hotmelts.
- the present adhesive film has a thermal post-crosslinking potential.
- the production of an adhesive film can be achieved through the partial crosslinking of the epoxy groups by means of the hardener which crosslinks at room temperature.
- the production of the adhesive film and the associated increase in viscosity and the gelling of the polymer are not carried out by drying or UV polymerization of acrylate groups, but by pre-crosslinking the epoxy resins and generating the prepolymer from them.
- This partial reaction takes place in the same way as the crosslinking reaction of a two-component liquid adhesive based on epoxy resin, but, in contrast to this, is not completed by the sub-stoichiometric addition of the hardener which cross-links at room temperature. There is still a reaction potential that can be used in the end application to build up bond strength after thermal curing.
- the finished adhesive film can be applied to components with manufacturing-related tolerances prior to curing and compensates for these tolerances through the ability to compress like a foam. For this reason, full-surface wetting of real components can be ensured before curing.
- the epoxy resin composition comprises 30 to 95% by weight of at least one epoxy component; 0.1 to 80% by weight of at least one thermally activatable hardener; 0.1 to 90% by weight of at least one hardener which cross-links at room temperature; 0 to 70% by weight of at least one accelerator; 0.1 to 70% by weight of at least one additive responsible for the expansion of the prepolymer; 0 to 70% by weight of at least one additive, the% by weight of the components adding up to 100%.
- the hardener which cross-links at room temperature comprises at least one amine, amide and / or thiol.
- primary or secondary amines aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, polyamides, amidoamines, Jeffamines, polythiols or mixtures of these can be used here.
- other properties of the adhesive film such as its tensile strength, can also be influenced.
- a hardener based on amine, amide and / or thiol enables the provision of a flexible and, in the non-cured state, pressure-sensitive, flat structure, which is easy to handle and, thanks to its pressure-sensitive adhesive, prevents the components from slipping after gluing until final hardening.
- the additive responsible for the expansion has an activation temperature between 30 ° C and 150 ° C and a maximum degree of expansion between 40 ° C and 150 ° C, particularly preferably between 60 ° C and 130 ° C.
- the uncured adhesive film has a compression of between 5 and 80%, depending on the filler concentration and the expansion.
- the adhesive film has an additional expansion during curing.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive film in the uncured state has a bond strength of at least 0.2 N / mm.
- the bond strength here is determined on steel based on DIN EN 1939: 1996 at 23 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C. and 50% ⁇ 5% relative humidity at a peel speed of 300 mm / min and a peel angle of 180 °.
- An etched PET film with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is used as the reinforcement film for the test.
- a 25 mm wide measuring strip is bonded to the steel substrate by means of a 5 kg roller at a temperature of 23 ° C ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the adhesive film is peeled off 10 minutes after application at 300 mm / min.
- the measured value (in N / mm) is the mean value from five individual measurements.
- the compressible pressure-sensitively adhesive structural adhesive film has at least one carrier. If a carrier material is present, it can be provided on one or preferably both sides with an (pressure-sensitive) adhesive which contains or consists of the solvent-free and film-forming-free compressible composition.
- the carrier material includes all flat structures such as foils, foams, woven fabrics, scrims, fleeces and papers or combinations thereof. Different carriers can be combined with the adhesives for different applications.
- the compressible pressure-sensitive adhesive structural adhesive film is carrierless and therefore suitable for forming a transfer film.
- the adhesive which in the final state corresponds to the finished adhesive film, is applied to a flexible liner or between two flexible liners before application.
- the liners are provided with a separating layer and / or have anti-adhesive properties.
- one liner is first removed to apply the adhesive film and the adhesive film is applied with the now exposed adhesive surface on a first joining part.
- the second liner is then removed and the now exposed adhesive surface is connected to the second joining part.
- the adhesive can thus be used directly to connect two surfaces.
- Adhesive films or adhesive tapes are also possible which do not work with two liners but only with a single double-sided repellent liner. A first side of the adhesive film is covered with one side of the double-sided separating liner and a second side of the adhesive film is then covered with the back of the double-sided separating liner when it is wound onto a roll or spool.
- the thickness of the latently reactive pressure-sensitive adhesive is between 1 ⁇ m and 3000 ⁇ m, more preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 2000 ⁇ m and particularly preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m.
- Layer thicknesses between 300 pm and 1000 pm are ideally suited for bridging tolerances in the parts to be bonded and are therefore often used in the automotive body shop, for example. In combination with the compressible properties of the adhesive film, production-related tolerances can be bridged and compensated even better.
- Layer thicknesses between 1 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m lead to reduced adhesion to the parts to be joined, but at the same time reduce the amount of material used.
- the latently reactive composition contains at least one epoxy component A.
- any epoxy resin or any epoxy-containing material known to a person skilled in the art for use in adhesives and adhesive tapes can be used as the epoxy component.
- These are any organic compounds with at least one oxirane ring that can be polymerized by a ring-opening reaction.
- Such materials include both monomeric and polymeric epoxides and can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic.
- the materials referred to as epoxides generally have on average at least two epoxide groups per molecule, preferably more than two epoxide groups per molecule.
- the decisive factor for the later stoichiometric crosslinking of the epoxy groups with the respective crosslinker is the epoxy equivalent weight (EEW, epoxy equivalent weight).
- the EEW indicates the mass in [g] of epoxy resin that has an equivalent [Eq] of epoxy functions. This is calculated using the following formula:
- the polymeric epoxides include linear polymers with terminal epoxy groups, polymers with skeleton oxyran units, and polymers with epoxy side groups. Useful epoxies of this type are described in detail in US 3,117,099 A.
- epoxy-containing materials include glycidyl ether monomers. These are described in detail in US Pat. No. 3,018,262.
- a very wide variety of commercially available epoxy-containing materials and epoxy resins can be used. Easily available epoxides are classified as particularly suitable, such as octadecylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, vinyl cyclohexene oxide, glycidol, glycidyl methacrylate, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (e.g. those sold under the trade names EPON 828,
- ERL-4234 from Union Carbide Corp.
- bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) adipate e.g. ERL-4299 from Union Carbide Corp.
- Dipentene dioxide e.g. ERL-4269 from Union Carbide Corp.
- epoxidized polybutadiene e.g. OXIRON 2001 from FMC Corp.
- silicone-resin-containing epoxy functionality epoxysilanes (e.g. beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl ) ethyltrimethoxysilane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, commercially available from Union Carbide), fire retardant epoxy resins (e.g.
- DER-542 a brominated bisphenol-type epoxy resin available from Dow Chemical Co.
- 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether e.g. ARALD ITE RD-2 from Ciba-Geigy
- hydrogenated epoxy resins based on bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin e.g. EPONEX 1510 from Shell Chemical Co.
- polyglycidyl ethers of phenol-formaldehyde novolak e.g. DEN-431 and DEN-438 from Dow Chemical Co.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive, structural adhesive film, based on the epoxy component A comprises at least 10% by weight of epoxy resins which are liquid at 25 ° C.
- the proportion of liquid epoxy resins in epoxy component A is in particular 10% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 20% by weight to 95% by weight.
- a liquid epoxy resin or a mixture of different resins can be used.
- the latently reactive composition based on the epoxy equivalent weight of all epoxy resins or epoxy-containing materials used, comprises 1 to 50% of the hardener which cross-links at room temperature.
- thermally activatable hardeners B for example dicyandiamide and anhydrides and mixtures of these.
- Room temperature curing hardener As hardeners C crosslinking at room temperature, all known hardeners for epoxy resin adhesives can be used, for example primary or secondary amines, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, polyamides, amidoamines, Jeffamines, phenalkamines, phenalkamides, polythiols or mixtures of these.
- a selection of crosslinkers is listed, for example, in the specialist book “Formulation of Adhesives and Sealants” by Bodo Müller and Walter Rath (Müller & Rath, 2009). A temperature of 23 ° C ⁇ 2 ° C is defined as room temperature.
- accelerators D for epoxy resin adhesives and adhesive tapes based on epoxy resin can be used as accelerators D, for example imidazoles, urea derivatives (e.g. monuron, diuron, fenuron), tertiary amines or mixtures of these.
- a selection of accelerators is listed, for example, in the specialist book “Formulation of Adhesives and Sealants” by Bodo Müller and Walter Rath (Müller & Rath, 2009).
- additives E such as, for example, tackifiers, polymers, rheology modifiers, foaming agents, expanding agents, fillers, adhesion promoters, polyols, aging inhibitors, light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, dyes, impact modifiers, phenoxy resins or mixtures of these. Furthermore, all additives can be used which are already listed in WO2017 / 174303 A1.
- the epoxy resin-based adhesive films described herein can be produced by the three following processes: a) Dissolving the epoxy resins, the crosslinking agents, suitable film formers and any additives in water or solvents. This mixture is then coated and an adhesive film in the form of a web is produced by drying the adhesive mass. b) Melting the epoxy resins, the crosslinking agents, suitable film formers and any additives and mixing the individual components. The heated mass is then coated and the adhesive film in the form of a web is created by cooling to room temperature. c) Mixing the epoxy resins, the crosslinking agents and any additives in acrylate monomers to which photoinitiators have been added. The adhesive film is created by coating and polymerizing the acrylate.
- the respective solid resins based on epoxy resin are dissolved in the initially charged liquid resins based on epoxy resin at 23 ° C. with stirring.
- the thermally expandable filler is introduced into the homogeneous mass.
- the modified epoxy resins and the filler are then optionally added.
- the thermally activated hardener and optionally the accelerator are stirred into the resin mass.
- the various adhesives are mixed with different concentrations of the curing agent that cross-links at room temperature and applied to a conventional liner (siliconized polyester film) using a laboratory spreader and pre-crosslinked.
- the thickness of the transfer film after the pre-crosslinking is 200 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m.
- Pre-crosslinking takes place in the same way as drying a solvent-based adhesive film, first for 10 minutes at room temperature and then for 10 minutes at 90 ° C.
- the pre-crosslinked adhesive films are each laminated immediately after the pre-crosslinking with a second liner (siliconized paper with a lower separation force than the first liner) on the open side.
- this transfer film consists in the production of an expanded so-called prepolymer through the crosslinking of only a part of the reactive groups of the epoxy resins used with the hardener which crosslinks at room temperature. This means that the adhesive film is compressible before curing and only cross-link the other reactive groups and create a structural and now incompressible bond when the substrates are finally bonded and then thermally cured.
- the bond strength on steel is determined based on DIN EN 1939: 1996 at 23 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C. and 50% ⁇ 5% relative humidity with a peel speed of 300 mm / min and a peel angle of 180 °.
- An etched film made of PET with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is used as the reinforcement film.
- a 25 mm wide measuring strip is bonded to the steel substrate by means of a 5 kg roller at a temperature of 23 ° C ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the adhesive film is peeled off 10 minutes after application at 300 mm / min.
- the measured value (in N / mm) is the mean value from five individual measurements including standard deviation.
- Tensile tests based on DIN EN ISO 527 at 23 ° C ⁇ 2 ° C and 50% ⁇ 5% relative humidity are carried out at a test speed of 10 mm / min as a parameter for the strength of the pure adhesive film in the cured state. For this purpose, strips with a width of 15 mm and a length of 100 mm are cut from cured adhesive films.
- the layer thickness in the results shown is 0.2 mm.
- the samples are cured at 130 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the results are given in MPa (N / mm 2 ).
- the average value from five measurements including standard deviation is given.
- Expansion The expansion after the pre-crosslinking is carried out by measuring the layer thickness with a thickness measuring device. An unfilled sample, which was produced with the same coating parameters, serves as a reference. On the one hand, measurements were taken directly after the coating and the resulting pre-crosslinking, as described above in the area of production of the PSAs. On the other hand, the expansion was measured again after curing for 30 minutes at 140 ° C and the subsequent cooling to 23 ° C. The expansion results from the following formula:
- the compression is measured using a Keyence VHX-5000 microscope with a magnification of 20x100.
- an adhesive film is clamped between two metal substrates and the thickness of the film is measured in the unloaded state.
- the clamped adhesive film is then loaded with a force of 100 N and the thickness of the film is measured again.
- the compression results from the following formula: 100% thickness of the loaded adhesive film [mm]
- the following table shows the results of the bond strength measurements, the tensile shear and tensile tests of the adhesive films and the associated expansion and compression.
- the adhesive films K1, K3, K4 and R1 have a comparable composition. Only the expanding filler is varied in order to show differences in the selection of the same.
- Adhesive film K2 largely corresponds to the adhesive from K1, here only an epoxy resin component was substituted and the hardener which cross-links at room temperature was replaced.
- the adhesives K1 and K2 have the same mechanical behavior and an identical expansion and compression within the standard deviation.
- the adhesive films with the adhesives K1, K3 and K4 show no significant differences in the bond strength in the uncured state within the standard deviation.
- the reference adhesive R1 without filler has a higher adhesive strength in the uncured state.
- When measuring the tensile shear strength no significant differences in the strength of the adhesives K1 to K4 can be recognized within the standard deviation.
- Only the unfilled reference R1 has a significantly higher tensile shear strength, which in turn is due to the expanding fillers that are not used.
- the tensile strengths of the adhesive films show no significant differences with regard to the expanding filler used. Only the unfilled reference R1 again has a strength that is approximately 5 times higher.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102019004057.0A DE102019004057B4 (de) | 2019-06-11 | 2019-06-11 | Komprimierbarer, haftklebriger, struktureller Klebefilm auf Basis einer latent reaktiven Zusammensetzung |
PCT/EP2020/066318 WO2020249740A1 (de) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-06-12 | Komprimierbarer haftklebriger struktureller klebefilm auf basis einer latent reaktiven zusammensetzung |
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EP20733914.4A Pending EP3983494A1 (de) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-06-12 | Komprimierbarer haftklebriger struktureller klebefilm auf basis einer latent reaktiven zusammensetzung |
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US (1) | US20220363955A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3983494A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113993959A (de) |
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US3018262A (en) | 1957-05-01 | 1962-01-23 | Shell Oil Co | Curing polyepoxides with certain metal salts of inorganic acids |
NL128404C (de) | 1959-12-24 | |||
US5587236A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1996-12-24 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rear view mirror mounting system utilizing one-package structural adhesive |
WO2000078887A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-28 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Adhesif, element adhesif, substrat de circuit pour montage de semi-conducteur presentant un element adhesif, et dispositif a semi-conducteur contenant ce dernier |
JP4826729B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-17 | 2011-11-30 | 株式会社スリーボンド | 加熱膨張性シート状接着剤組成物 |
JP5412952B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-20 | 2014-02-12 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
DE102009026548A1 (de) * | 2009-05-28 | 2011-03-24 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Klebefolie oder Klebeband auf Basis von Epoxiden |
BR112013014592A2 (pt) * | 2010-12-29 | 2016-09-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | adesivos híbridos estruturais |
EP2700683B1 (de) * | 2012-08-23 | 2016-06-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Haftstrukturfolie |
JP6006087B2 (ja) | 2012-11-05 | 2016-10-12 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 熱硬化性接着剤、熱硬化性接着剤を用いた自動車用部材およびその製造方法 |
EP3024871B1 (de) | 2013-07-26 | 2022-12-07 | Zephyros Inc. | Wärmehärtende haftfolien mit einem faserigen träger |
DE102015217860A1 (de) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-11-10 | Tesa Se | Klebeband mit Klebemasse mit kontinuierlicher Polymerphase |
DE102015122438A1 (de) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Lohmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hitzeaktivierbares Klebeband |
EP3440143B1 (de) | 2016-04-04 | 2022-05-04 | tesa SE | Strahlenaktivierbares haftklebeband mit dunkelreaktion und dessen verwendung |
JP6909967B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-07-28 | 株式会社スリーボンド | 硬化性樹脂組成物 |
US20210363390A1 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-11-25 | Lohmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pressure-sensitive structural adhesive film based on epoxy resin composition |
KR20210046036A (ko) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-04-27 | 에보니크 오퍼레이션즈 게엠베하 | 경질 발포체를 제조하기 위한 신속 경화 에폭시 시스템 및 복합재에서의 또는 절연 재료로서의 발포체의 용도 |
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- 2019-06-11 DE DE102019004057.0A patent/DE102019004057B4/de active Active
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- 2020-06-12 CN CN202080043334.0A patent/CN113993959A/zh active Pending
- 2020-06-12 US US17/618,294 patent/US20220363955A1/en active Pending
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WO2020249740A1 (de) | 2020-12-17 |
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DE102019004057B4 (de) | 2022-02-03 |
US20220363955A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
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