EP3946962B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3946962B1
EP3946962B1 EP20712222.7A EP20712222A EP3946962B1 EP 3946962 B1 EP3946962 B1 EP 3946962B1 EP 20712222 A EP20712222 A EP 20712222A EP 3946962 B1 EP3946962 B1 EP 3946962B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
marking
laser head
mounting rail
planes
receptacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20712222.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3946962A1 (de
Inventor
Christian DÜLME
Stefan Lorenz
Farhad SARRAFZADEGAN
Frank Bormann
Guido MÄNNCHEN
Detlef Reising
Peter LANGOSCH
Jan MARRENBACH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
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Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102019108298.6A external-priority patent/DE102019108298A1/de
Application filed by Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3946962A1 publication Critical patent/EP3946962A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3946962B1 publication Critical patent/EP3946962B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for marking electrical devices which can be lined up and which are arranged on a mounting rail, using a laser head.
  • the support rail can be pivoted in its longitudinal axis and the laser head can be moved at least along the longitudinal axis of the support rail.
  • the invention further relates to a marking device suitable for carrying out the method.
  • Mounting rails are used for snapping on electrical devices in installation technology.
  • prefabricated support rail sections which are then built into control cabinets on site, are often used, which have a large number of electrical devices arranged next to one another.
  • the electrical devices are often terminal blocks, each of which in turn has a plurality of connections.
  • the individual devices and also their connections can be marked, for example by having corresponding marking areas.
  • the pamphlet WO 2010/057768 A1 shows a device with which mounting rails can be fitted with electrical devices, in particular terminal blocks, in an automated manner.
  • a printing unit is provided, which prints an electrical device taken from a magazine on its marking surfaces before it is mounted on the mounting rail.
  • WO 2017/125364 A1 which discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 10
  • an alternative approach is known in which the support rails are first fitted with the electrical devices and then the devices are marked.
  • the cited publication describes a marking device that has a mounting rail mount and a laser head that applies the desired markings to the marking fields of the devices.
  • the mounting device for the mounting rail is coupled with a linear and pivoting device so that the mounting rail with the electrical devices can be moved and pivoted in front of the laser head in order to be able to move the marking fields to be inscribed into the inscription area of the laser head.
  • mounting rails are used that range in length from one meter to more than one meter and can be equipped with a large number of electrical devices.
  • each electrical device is marked at a number of positions with possibly different orientations.
  • a large number of markings for a mounting rail can be applied, with the marking process itself and the pivoting operations carried out on the mounting rail and traversing operations of the laser head taking up time.
  • a further object is to provide a marking device suitable for carrying out the method.
  • a method according to the invention of the type mentioned above is characterized by the following steps: A number of marking instructions are specified, each of which includes a marking content, a position and an alignment of the surface to which the marking content is to be applied. The marking instructions are then grouped into marking levels in such a way that all marking instructions of a marking level can be applied by the laser head without moving the laser head or the support rail, with the marking levels differing in location coordinates and/or parameters for the laser head.
  • a first of the marking planes is selected and—according to the location coordinates of the selected marking plane—the laser head is positioned and/or the support rail is pivoted. On this selected marking plane marks are made with the parameters for the laser head according to the marking instructions. A next one of the marking planes is then selected for marking, this selection being made on the basis of the movements of the laser head and the support rail which would be necessary in order to be able to apply markings according to the next marking plane.
  • the markings are first grouped in so-called marking levels in such a way that markings that can be applied with the same positions of the laser head and mounting rail and the same settings of the laser head are bundled. This prevents unnecessary movements and changes to the settings. In particular, unnecessary movements cost time, which lengthens the marking process.
  • the individual groups are then processed in the most efficient possible order by taking into account the movements to be performed when changing to the next marking level, which also avoids unnecessary movement sequences when positioning the laser head or the mounting rail.
  • the steps of positioning the laser head and/or pivoting the support rail, applying the markings, and selecting a next marking plane are repeated until all marking planes have been processed.
  • the term “electrical device” is to be understood as meaning any device with a mounting rail receptacle for arrangement on a mounting rail. These are, for example, purely passive terminal blocks, but devices with switching or safety elements, such as automatic circuit breakers, also fall under the term “electrical device”, as do devices with electronic components or components that can be mounted on a mounting rail.
  • the next of the marking planes is selected in such a way that a pivoting of the support rail is preferred to a movement of the laser head in the longitudinal direction.
  • the different movement processes are accordingly weighted differently when selecting the next marking plane.
  • priority values are assigned to the remaining marking planes that have not yet been processed using the location coordinates of the marking planes, and the next marking plane to be processed is selected using the priority values.
  • the location coordinates of the marking planes can be used to determine which movements of the laser head and/or the support rail are necessary, different priority numbers being assigned to different movements.
  • the priority numbers enable the method to be optimally adapted to the properties of the marking device.
  • the priority metrics of necessary movements are then summed up to obtain a marking plane's priority value.
  • a higher priority index is assigned to a movement of the laser head in the longitudinal direction than to a pivoting of the support rail if lower priority values are preferred when selecting.
  • the pivoting can be carried out more quickly than moving the laser head in the longitudinal direction, which is taken into account accordingly by priority numbers reflecting this.
  • movements of the laser head in a direction other than the longitudinal direction can be assigned lower priority indexes than a movement of the laser head in the longitudinal direction. Shifting the laser head in such other directions of movement is used, for example, to change the distance between the laser head and the devices to be labeled and to reach areas that are further up or down on the devices.
  • an image of at least one section of the mounting rail and at least one electrical device is created by an image acquisition device. At least one of the positions at which one of the marking contents is to be applied is then corrected on the basis of an evaluation of the image.
  • the actual position of a marking field that is to be labeled can differ from the intended position, particularly in the case of longer, populated mounting rails. The reason for this is unavoidable size tolerances of the individual devices or their not completely gap-free or slightly sloping arrangement on the mounting rail, as well as a change in size caused by temperature and/or ambient humidity.
  • these size tolerances or deviations or gap dimensions can add up so that the actual marking positions deviate from the calculated positions by a few millimeters (mm). An alignment of the positions at which the markings are then subsequently applied using the image prevents incorrect positioning.
  • the image is preferably created and evaluated before the step of grouping the marking instructions into marking levels, with the grouping then being carried out on the basis of the corrected positions.
  • the corrected position is already taken into account when the markings are distributed to the various marking groups. It is thus ensured that a marking lying at the edge of a marking area can actually be created at its corrected position and that the correction does not end up in an area that is no longer accessible given the given position of the laser head.
  • the receptacle is mounted such that it can pivot about its longitudinal axis, and the laser head is movably guided in at least one longitudinal direction, which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receptacle.
  • the device has a control device that is set up to carry out such a method.
  • a linear guide with a displaceable carriage, on which the laser head is mounted directly or indirectly is arranged parallel to the receptacle. Provision can be made for the laser head to be mounted on the carriage via one or more further linear guides which run perpendicularly to the linear guide.
  • An additional linear guide in the horizontal direction makes it possible to bring the laser head to a suitable focus distance from the area to be marked if the laser head does not have internal options for varying the focus distance.
  • An additional linear guide in the vertical direction expands the marking area up and down.
  • the receptacle has a longitudinal support with a receptacle bed for receiving the support rail, which is held eccentrically to a rotation axis by swivel arms.
  • the receiving bed is preferably arranged approximately 20 to 30 mm off-center from the center of the axis of rotation.
  • the eccentric pivoting movement of the mount and thus the mounting rail is based on the knowledge that on average the center of gravity of the electrical devices to be labeled, especially in the case of terminal blocks, approximately the mentioned 20 to 30 mm above the mounting rail mount of the electrical devices. Due to the fact that the receiving bed is at a distance from the axis of rotation by the said distance, the electrical devices are rotated on average in their own center of mass, which enables a rapid and as inertia-free rotary movement as possible. This minimizes the forces that occur when the rotary movement is accelerated. In this way, the highest possible rotational acceleration and thus a pivoting movement that can be carried out quickly is achieved, which shortens the marking process overall.
  • the receptacle is also advantageously mounted in such a way that it can be pivoted through an angle of rotation greater than 360° without a stop.
  • the angle of rotation is also preferably significantly greater than 360° and is 720°, for example. Provision can also be made for any angle of rotation to be possible without a stop.
  • the rotary feedthrough is designed in such a way that power can be supplied to the electromagnets for the entire range of rotation. The free pivoting that is achieved in this way makes it possible to pivot the mounting rail in any direction, and thus to switch to other labeling positions in any situation using the shortest possible turning path. It is thus possible to switch to a next inscription position in any case with a rotary movement of less than 180°.
  • the laser head has a laser that emits in an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range.
  • UV wavelength range offers the advantage that markings can be applied to almost any plastic surface.
  • the electrical devices to be marked can have fields provided for marking, but these do not have to be provided with a special coating or a special plastic, as is usually necessary for markings with infrared (IR) light. It is also possible to attach markings to areas of the electrical equipment that are not specially designated.
  • the applied markings can not only be pure color changes, but when using suitable parameters and focusing the laser radiation, they are accompanied by material removal or a material modification that makes the markings palpable (tactile marking).
  • the device has an image acquisition device for imaging a mounting rail inserted into the receptacle.
  • the image acquisition device is directly or indirectly on the displaceable carriage of the linear guide arranged and is particularly preferably a line camera.
  • the image capturing device makes it possible to adapt predetermined positions of the markings to be applied to actual circumstances if there are deviations in this regard due to tolerances or gaps.
  • FIG. 1-4 is an example of a device for marking electrical devices that can be lined up in a row, referred to below for short as a marking device, in each case shown in an isometric representation.
  • a marking method according to the application, which can be carried out with this device, is in connection with the Figures 7a to 9 described.
  • the marking device is shown with a recorded mounting rail 1, on which a number of electrical devices 2 is snapped. All snapped-on devices 2 shown in the figures of this application are terminal blocks. It goes without saying, however, that other snapped-on electrical or electronic devices, such as fuses or load switches, can also be lined up on the mounting rail 1 and marked by the device shown. For the sake of simplicity, the electrical devices 2 are also referred to below as terminal blocks 2 .
  • the 1 , 2 and 4 show the marking device with differently equipped support rails 1.
  • the viewing direction in which the device is shown is the same in the three cases mentioned.
  • 3 shows the marking device with the support rail 1 and the terminal blocks 2 according to FIG 2 from a different perspective.
  • the marking device has a pivoting device 10 for receiving and also for carrying out a pivoting movement of the mounting rail 1 with the terminal blocks 2 .
  • the actual marking (inscription) on the terminal blocks 2 is carried out by a laser arrangement 20 .
  • the marking device including the laser arrangement 20 is controlled by a control device not shown here. In the following, first the pivoting device 10 and then the laser arrangement 20 will be described in more detail.
  • the pivoting device 10 has a frame 11 in which a receptacle 12 designed in the manner of a swing is arranged so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis.
  • the receptacle 12 comprises a longitudinally extending longitudinal beam 13 which is arranged at both ends via pivot arms 14 eccentrically with respect to an axis of rotation.
  • This axis of rotation is rotatably mounted in corresponding bearings in end parts of the frame 11 and is coupled to a drive 16 .
  • the drive 16 is, for example, an actuator with a position encoder.
  • a DC motor that may have a reduced speed is particularly suitable for the actuator.
  • the support rail with the terminal blocks 2 is placed on the longitudinal beam 13 for marking, which provides a receiving bed 131 for this purpose.
  • This recording bed 131 and other details of the longitudinal beam 13 are well in the Figures 5a-5c to recognize that the swivel device 10 in different Show views separately from the laser assembly 20 and without mounting rail 1 attached.
  • Figure 5a shows the pivoting device 10 in an isometric view Figure 5b in a side view and the Fig.5c in a top view.
  • a fixed mounting bracket 132 under which an end section of the support rail 1 is pushed in order to fix the support rail to the mounting bed 131 on this side.
  • the opposite end of the mounting rail 1 is fixed with a comparable receiving bracket 152, which is not stationary but is arranged on a sliding rider 15.
  • the rider 15 is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner on the longitudinal member 13, for which purpose, for example, guide rails 135 are provided laterally on the longitudinal member 13 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the rider 15 is equipped with a quick-release lever 151 which allows the rider 15 to be locked or released from the longitudinal member 13 . After detaching the rider 15, it can be pushed in the direction of the mounted support rail 1 until the receiving lug 152 (see Fig. Fig. 5b, c ) fixes the support rail 1 in the accommodation bed 131.
  • lateral guide plates 133 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beam 13 on the lateral edges of the receiving bed 131, which laterally guide the support rail 1 along its entire length.
  • the side guide plates 133 surround the support rail 1 laterally in a lower area.
  • the lateral guide plates 133 are preferably designed as spring steel plates, so that they can compensate for tolerances in the width of the support rail 1.
  • the lateral guide plates 133 are preferably made so thin and protrude only far beyond the receiving bed 131 that they guide and position the mounting rail 1 but do not collide with electrical devices 2 that are snapped on. This is possible because the mounting rail mounts on the electrical devices 2 usually have a small lateral free space, at least in the lower area of the mounting rail.
  • the lateral guide plates 133 are helpful in particular for longer support rails 1, since longer support rails 1 tend to sag due to production and/or transport. Due to this deflection, an exact positioning of the support rails and thus of the electrical devices to be labeled would not be possible or is achieved by the lateral guide plates 133.
  • a plurality of electromagnets 134 are arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support rail 13 in the receiving bed 131 .
  • the electromagnets 134 are energized individually, in groups or together, so that they fix the support rail 134 firmly and without a gap due to deflection in the receiving bed 131 .
  • Power is supplied to the electromagnets 134 via a rotary bushing 17 which is preferably arranged on the side of the pivoting device 10 opposite the drive 16 .
  • the ability to move the tab 15 makes it possible to use support rails 1 of different lengths in the pivoting device 10 .
  • the mounting rails of different heights can be used due to the described type of fixing of the mounting rail.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example with a shorter mounting rail 1 used. Provision can also be made in this case for all electromagnets 134 to be energized. Alternatively, provision can be made to energize only a number of electromagnets 134 that are in the region of the mounting rail 1 that is actually used.
  • a channel running in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal member 13 is formed in the longitudinal member 13 through which cables for energizing the electromagnets 134 can run.
  • the channel 136 is also used to reduce the weight in order to minimize the rotational moment of inertia of the receptacle 12 in order to achieve a high rotational acceleration with the lowest possible torque.
  • the receiving bed 131 for the support rail 1 is arranged eccentrically from the axis of rotation during the rotary movement.
  • the distance that receiving bed 131 is spaced from the axis of rotation is in the range of 20 to 30 millimeters (mm), and more preferably about 23 mm. The reason is that, on average, the center of gravity of the electrical devices 2 to be labeled--especially in the case of terminal blocks--is about 23 mm above the mounting rail receptacle for the electrical devices 2.
  • the electrical devices 2 are rotated on average in their own center of gravity, which enables a rapid and as inertia-free rotary movement as possible. This minimizes the forces that occur when the rotary movement is accelerated. In this way, one the highest possible rotational acceleration and thus the pivoting movement to be carried out quickly, which shortens the marking process overall.
  • the drive 16 and the rotary bushing 17 are preferably designed in such a way that an unlimited angle of rotation is possible when the receptacle 12 is rotated. In this way, the pivoting movement of the receptacle 12 can take place in any direction at any time without being affected by the restrictions that might otherwise exist. The advantages resulting from the marking process will be explained in more detail later.
  • the laser arrangement 20 is arranged laterally next to the pivoting device 10 in the area of the receptacle 12 .
  • the actual marking on the electrical devices 2, i.e. on the terminal blocks 2 in the example shown, is carried out by a laser head 21, which has all the components required for applying the label, in particular a laser as well as deflection and, if necessary, focusing units, in order to apply the laser beam to be able to distract from the marking.
  • Various techniques can be used to mark the electrical devices 2 with a laser.
  • an infrared laser as the laser of the laser head 21, for example a CO 2 laser, which emits light with a wavelength of approximately 10.6 micrometers ( ⁇ m).
  • marking fields sensitive to infrared radiation it is common for marking fields sensitive to infrared radiation to be provided on the electrical devices 2, which change color when the infrared laser radiation hits them, so that a marking can be applied.
  • the marking fields can be in the form of stickers, applied coatings and/or by using a corresponding infrared-sensitive plastic in some sections of the electrical devices.
  • a laser head 21 with a laser emitting in the ultraviolet wavelength range of approximately 190 to 380 nanometers (nm), in particular at 355 nm.
  • a laser can be, for example, an Nd:YAG laser or a CO 2 laser with downstream frequency trebling.
  • Light in the UV wavelength range offers the advantage that markings can be applied to almost any plastic surface.
  • the electrical devices can still have fields provided for marking, but these do not have to be provided with a special coating or a special plastic. It is also possible, even on areas of the electrical equipment that are not specially designated to apply markings. With suitable parameters and focussing of the laser radiation, not only pure color changes can be used for marking, but material removal or material modification of the marked material can be achieved, which makes the markings tactile (tactile marking).
  • the laser head 21 is controlled by the control device, not shown here, in order to apply an inscription within a focal field 4 .
  • the focus field 4 is in the Figures 1-4 shown. The exact size and the distance at which the focus field 4 is located in front of the laser head 21 depend on the imaging properties of the laser head 21.
  • the laser head 21 can create markings, in particular characters, numbers and/or symbols apply marking surfaces.
  • a laser beam generated in the laser head 21 is deflected via a number of rotating or swiveling mirrors in order to reach every point in the focal field 4 . Since the mirrors have a low inertia, the movement of the mirrors and thus the deflection of the laser beam is a fast process compared to other mechanical movements in the system.
  • the focus field 4 is smaller than the maximum length of the mounting rail 1 with the electrical devices 2 to be inscribed.
  • the laser arrangement 20 has a linear guide 22 in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beam 13. This direction is also referred to below as the z-direction.
  • the linear guide 22 extends over essentially the entire length of the receptacle 12 of the pivoting device 10.
  • the linear guide 22 can be designed, for example, in the form of a spindle or rack and pinion drive. However, other drives are also possible. For reasons of clarity, drive motors of the linear guide 22 are not shown explicitly in the figures.
  • the laser head 21 is fastened to a movable carriage of the linear guide 22 via a holder, which also enables the position of the laser head 21 to be adjusted in the x and y directions perpendicular to the z direction.
  • a linear guide 23 is provided in the x-direction and a linear guide 24 in the y-direction.
  • the x-direction runs horizontally and the y-direction runs vertically.
  • the linear guide 23 By moving the laser head 21 in the x-direction via the linear guide 23, the distance between the laser head 21 and the area to be inscribed can be changed. By shifting in the y-direction with the help of the linear guide 24, areas to be marked that are further up or down can be reached. If the laser head 21 has an internal possibility of adjusting the focal distance, the linear guide 23 can be dispensed with and this can be designed as a holder with a fixed distance. If the variety of models of the electrical devices 2 to be labeled does not provide for large differences in the height of the devices, a linear guide in the y-direction can possibly be dispensed with and the corresponding linear guide 24 can be designed as a fixed mount. The height difference refers to a variation in the distance of the areas to be marked from the mounting rail.
  • the laser arrangement can optionally have an image acquisition device, e.g. a camera, in particular a line scan camera.
  • an image acquisition device e.g. a camera, in particular a line scan camera.
  • This can be arranged independently of the laser head 21 in such a way that it is aligned with the pivoting device 10 and thus with an inserted support rail 1 .
  • the image capturing device is arranged in such a way that it can be moved by the linear guide 22 in the x-direction along the mounting rail receptacle.
  • the image acquisition device can also be arranged on the laser head 21 or formed integrally in this. In this case, it can be moved not only in the x-direction, but also in the z-direction and, if necessary, the y-direction.
  • a combination of a line camera whose recorded image line is oriented transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the x-direction and movability in the x-direction makes it possible to image support rails 1 of any length in an image with a variable number of pixels in the x-direction.
  • the image capture device can be used at different stages of the marking process.
  • the image acquisition device can be used to image a mounting rail 1 after it has been inserted, if necessary in different pivoted positions, in order to check whether the mounting rail 1 that is inserted and to be labeled is correctly configured, e.g. whether it actually contains the electrical devices 2 to be labeled in the correct orientation and order. Furthermore, it can be checked whether the devices 2 are correctly positioned in such a way that the marking surfaces to which the markings are to be applied are in the position that is stored for the respective marking. If there are deviations that are within a specified tolerance range, an adjustment can be made of the positions at which the markings are subsequently applied are adjusted to the positions of the marking areas found. This procedure is explained in more detail below.
  • the image acquisition device can be used to monitor the actual marking process.
  • An applied marking can be checked for correctness and/or legibility.
  • a new image of the mounting rail 1 and the electrical devices 2 can be recorded after the markings have been applied.
  • each individual marking can be checked immediately after or even during its application.
  • the laser head 21 is moved with the aid of the linear guide 22 in such a way that at least some of the markings to be applied are in the area of the focal field 4 .
  • the 1 Marking levels 3 drawn in indicating the levels in which markings on the various terminal blocks 2 are to be attached.
  • a plurality of identical terminal blocks 2 is arranged on the mounting rail 1, with areas to be marked being arranged on different sides of the terminal blocks 2 at different heights (compared to the mounting rail 1) arranged contacts. All markings that can be applied to one or more of the terminal blocks 2 are recorded in a marking plane 3 without either the receptacle 12 being pivoted or the laser head 21 having to be moved.
  • FIG 7a and 7b is the mounting rail 1 with snapped-on electrical devices 2, which are also in figure 5 can be seen, shown separately from the marking device in order to be able to better illustrate the different marking planes 3.
  • the Figure 7a and 7b show the support rail 1 from different perspectives in isometric representations.
  • markings 5 that have already been applied to the electrical devices 2, that is to say the terminal blocks 2, are shown as examples.
  • the markings 5 are for the most part connection markings that are attached to the fields provided next to connections. More of the Markings 5 relate, for example, to customer-specific identification or order numbers or assembly designations or the like.
  • the various marking planes 3 are successively brought into the plane of the focus field 4, which is achieved by pivoting the receptacle 12 and, if necessary, by actuating the linear guide 22 in the z-direction and/or the linear guide 23 in the x-direction and/or of the linear guide 24 takes place in the z-direction. All the markings lying in the marking plane 3, which is then in the focal field 4, are applied by the laser head 21 before the next one of the marking planes 3 is brought into the focal field 4.
  • How 3 shows 12 markings can also be attached to the underside of the terminal blocks 2 due to the arbitrary pivotability of the recording.
  • the free pivotability also makes it possible to switch to the other side of the terminal blocks 2 via the underside of the longitudinal beam 13 . If, for example, labeling fields are provided on both sides of the terminal block 2 that slope downwards, turning over the underside, i.e. a rotation in which the upper side of the terminal block 2 does not pass the laser head 21, but the underside of the longitudinal beam 13, would result in a rotary movement less than 180° instead of having to rotate more than 180° over the top.
  • the various marking planes 3 are characterized by their position in space and their dimensions. In summary, these properties are referred to as location coordinates of a marking plane 3 . With regard to the position in space, not only the position, but also in particular an inclination of the marking planes 3 is relevant, since markings can only be applied to surfaces that are not distorted and/or blurred in terms of the distance to the laser head 21 but also lie in the focal field 4 with regard to the inclination.
  • the control device which controls both the laser head 21 and the linear guides 22-24 and also the drive 16 of the swivel mount 12, is given information about the configuration of the mounting rail 1, i.e. about transmits the latched electrical devices 2, as well as information about which marking 5 is to be applied to which device at which position and with what inclination. This information is given in the context collectively referred to as marking instructions in this application.
  • a marking level 3 thus contains at least one, preferably a plurality of markings 5, all of which are located in this marking level 3 and which also do not differ with regard to the marking parameters to be used.
  • Marking parameters relate to the setting of the laser of the laser head 21, which must be set in order to apply the marking.
  • a marking parameter is e.g. the power of the laser and the inscription speed, which together influence the energy input per area of the inscription. These marking parameters are essentially dependent on the material to which the marking 5 is applied.
  • Information about the material to be marked is also available with the data record that describes the mounting rail 1 and the electrical devices 2 . They can be integrated directly into the marking instructions or be accessible via linked product information.
  • An embodiment of a method for defining the different marking levels 3 is in 8 presented in the form of a flow chart.
  • a first (or in subsequent repetitions of step 1, a next) marking instruction is retrieved from the transmitted information about the markings 5 to be applied.
  • a next step S2 it is determined whether the marking 5 specified by this marking instruction is to be applied to the same electrical device 2 with the same marking parameters as the last considered. If this is not the case - e.g. in the first run of the method - the method branches to a next step S3, in which it is checked whether the orientation of the area to be marked is the same as with previously made markings 5. If this is not the case, the method branches to a next step S4, in which a new marking level 3 is generated.
  • a next step S9 it is then checked whether there are further marking instructions which have not yet been assigned to a marking level 3 If there are no further unassigned marking instructions, this method section is complete. If there are further marking instructions which have not yet been assigned to a marking level 3, the method branches back to step S1, in which the next marking instruction is called up.
  • step S2 If it is determined in step S2 that the marking instruction currently being considered relates to the same electrical device as the previously processed one and that the same marking parameters are also used, the required marking levels are usually already created and a new marking level does not necessarily have to be opened. In this case, the method is continued in a step S5. Step S5 is also reached if it is determined in step S3 that the current marking instruction relates to an electrical device 2 that is different from the one previously considered, but that the marking 5 is to be applied to a surface with the same orientation.
  • step S5 a query is made as to whether the marking 5 is to be made on the same material to be marked or at least on a material that requires the same setting of the laser of the laser head 21. If this is not the case, i.e. if changed marking parameters are to be used, the method branches to step S4, in which a new marking plane 3 is generated.
  • step S6 it is checked whether the current marking is within the focus area of one of the marking planes 3 that have already been created.
  • the focal plane 4 of the laser head 21 allows a depth of focus, albeit small, of up to typically a few millimeters at a distance. Markings which, with the same alignment of the surface to be marked and the same required laser parameters, only differ by a few millimeters (or a distance difference in the depth of field) with regard to the distance between the laser head 21 and the surface can therefore be combined in the same marking plane 3 .
  • step S4 in order to generate a new marking plane.
  • step S7 in which it is checked whether the marking 5 to be applied is possibly shaded.
  • a shading situation can exist, for example, if the laser head 21 sees the marking 5 behind a protruding part of an adjacent electrical device 2, so that the laser beams cannot reach the marking area from the current position of the laser head. If such a shadowing situation exists for the currently considered marking instruction, the method branches to step S4 in order to assign the marking instruction to a new marking level.
  • step S8 the current marking instruction of this already existing marking level 3 is added.
  • step S9 the current marking instruction of this already existing marking level 3 is added.
  • the various marking planes 3 are then successively brought into the plane of the focal field 4, which is achieved by pivoting the receptacle 12 and, if necessary, by actuating the linear guide 22 in the z-direction and/or the linear guide 23 takes place in the x-direction and/or the linear guide 24 in the z-direction. All the markings lying in the marking plane 3, which is then in the focus field 4, are applied by the laser head 21 before the next one of the marking planes is brought into the focus field 4.
  • a priority can also be assigned to the other two degrees of freedom of movement of the laser head 21, ie the movement in the x or y direction.
  • the feed speeds of the linear guides 23, 24 for the x- and y-directions are generally comparable to those of the linear guide 22 for the z-direction, the distances to be covered are generally smaller for these two movement axes. Therefore, the premise "no movement in the z-direction" always has a higher priority than the premise "no movement in the y-direction" and "no movement in the x-direction".
  • the priorities given to movement in the x and y directions are comparable to those of the pivoting movement and can be ranked before or after in a priority order.
  • Movements of the laser head in the x-direction are often very small. Movements in the y-direction can be larger, but occur less frequently since a movement in the y-direction from a normal position is only required for very large devices to be labeled. A priority order of “pivoting before movement in the x direction before movement in the y direction before movement in the z direction” is therefore preferred.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing how priorities can be assigned in an exemplary embodiment with this preferred order of priority in order to select a next marking level for processing by the marking device.
  • the method iterates through the set of marking levels that have not yet been processed in order to provide them with a priority value p.
  • the marker layer that will be created after completing the in 9 method shown has the lowest or one of the lowest priority values p, is processed as the next marking level by the marking device.
  • a next step S12 it is considered whether editing this currently considered marking plane would result in pivoting of the mounting rail receptacle. If so, the priority value p is increased in a step S13 by a value of a priority code that is associated with this movement. Otherwise, the priority value p is retained.
  • the priority number for pivoting the DIN rail mount is 1.
  • a next step S14 it is determined whether processing this currently considered marking plane would result in a movement in the x-direction. If this is the case, the priority value p is increased in a step S15 by the value 2 of a priority number assigned to this movement, otherwise it retains its value.
  • a next step S16 it is determined whether processing this currently considered marking plane would result in a movement in the y-direction. If this is the case, the priority value p is increased in a step S17 by the value 4 of a priority number assigned to this movement, otherwise it retains its value.
  • a next step S18 it is determined whether processing this currently considered marking plane would result in a movement in the z-direction. If this is the case, the priority value p is increased in a step S19 by the value 8 of a priority number assigned to this movement, otherwise it retains its value.
  • a subsequent step S20 checks whether there are further marking levels to be processed that have not yet been assigned a priority value p. If this is the case, the method branches back to step S11 in order to assign a priority value p to the next marking level that is still to be processed.
  • the method branches to a step S21, in which the marking plane 3 with the lowest priority value p is selected. If there are several marking levels 3 with the lowest priority value p, any one of these marking levels 3 is selected. The marking process is then continued with this marking level 3.
  • the in 9 The part of the marking method shown is carried out again in order to again detect the priorities for all further marking planes 3 starting from the then current position of the laser head 21 or rotational position of the receptacle 12 . The method ends when all marking levels 3 have been processed.
  • the various movements are characterized by priority numbers that are powers of two.
  • priority numbers that are powers of two.
  • Such a binary evaluation scheme is advantageous, but other priority indexes can also be assigned.
  • the priority indexes are selected in such a way that marking levels are selected if they have a priority value p that is as small as possible. It goes without saying that the method can also be designed in such a way that the highest possible priority value p leads to a selection.
  • the prioritization can also take into account how far the travel paths are in order to set a next marking level.
  • an image acquisition device which records an image of relevant sections of the mounting rail 1 and the devices 2 to be marked. Marking positions can be corrected using the images.
  • the image acquisition device is a line camera, which is integrated into the laser head 21 or is arranged on it. The line camera can be moved along the support rail 1 with the aid of the linear guide 22 in order to image it.
  • the use of a line camera is advantageous in that the mounting rail 1 with the electrical devices 2 can be imaged within any longitudinal section with a correspondingly adapted number of pixels in this X-direction.
  • a coherent section in the x-direction is preferably determined in such a way that all markings to be applied are in a specific Pivoting position are in this one contiguous section. Comparable images are recorded for further pivoting positions of the pivoting device 10 until the mounting rail 1 and the electrical devices 2 are recorded in all areas in which markings are to be applied.
  • the areas in the longitudinal direction on both sides are advantageously chosen to be a few percent larger, for example, than is necessary according to the marking instructions in order to ensure that all areas on which markings are to be applied are covered by the image.
  • the imaging and the evaluation of the images described below preferably takes place before the in connection with 8 described procedure.
  • marking fields special areas are provided on the electrical devices 2 for the markings, which are referred to below as marking fields.
  • marking fields can be provided with a coating that differs in color from the base material of the housing of the electrical device 2 .
  • a further embodiment provides that separate “markers” are used for the marking. These are small plastic plates that can either be pre-written or unwritten for the process described here. The markers are clipped onto the electrical devices at the appropriate point. These markers can also be in the form of so-called marking strips, which extend over two or more marking fields lying next to one another. In the context of this application, a “marking field” is to be understood as any surface on which a marking is to be applied.
  • the marking fields generally have a color or brightness difference compared to the base material of a housing of the electrical devices 2.
  • This color or brightness difference is used to locate the marking fields in the recorded images.
  • evaluation algorithms known per se for edge detection are suitable for this purpose.
  • the center coordinates of recognized marking fields are determined and compared with coordinates according to the marking instructions. Based on the comparison, the actual coordinates are assigned to the expected coordinates. Criteria are preferably defined that relate to the limits of this association. For example, maximum permissible displacements can be defined, which are in the range of a few millimeters, for example. If, for example, the total number of marking fields found is less than the number of marking instructions or if an assignment of the marking fields found to the marking instructions would require shifts that are above the maximum permissible shift, it can be provided that the method is initially stopped. A manual check can be suggested as to whether the support rail 1 used with the electrical devices 2 actually corresponds to that intended according to the marking instructions.
  • marking fields are arranged so close together, for example because they lie next to one another on a marker strip, that they merge seamlessly into one another, these marking fields cannot be distinguished from one another by the edge detection mode described.
  • This can be taken into account in the evaluation process in that a larger marking field that is found is automatically divided into two or more marking fields of the size to be expected, with a center point being calculated accordingly for each of the marking fields.
  • the actual positions of these marking fields are calculated using determined positions of surrounding marking fields. This can be done in particular when it is known from the marking instructions that the material combination of these marking fields does not offer sufficient contrast to the base material of the housing for reliable identification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP20712222.7A 2019-03-29 2020-03-05 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten Active EP3946962B1 (de)

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DE102019108298.6A DE102019108298A1 (de) 2019-03-29 2019-03-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen Geräten
DE102019131750 2019-11-25
PCT/EP2020/055918 WO2020200639A1 (de) 2019-03-29 2020-03-05 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum markieren von aneinanderreihbaren elektrischen geräten

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DE102009017266A1 (de) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Markieren von Reihenklemmen
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WO2017125364A1 (de) 2016-01-18 2017-07-27 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur markierung von elektrischen bauelementen

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EP2301706A2 (en) 2009-09-25 2011-03-30 Agie Charmilles SA Laser machining machine
WO2017125364A1 (de) 2016-01-18 2017-07-27 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur markierung von elektrischen bauelementen
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ES2949936T3 (es) 2023-10-04
WO2020200639A1 (de) 2020-10-08

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