EP3919817B1 - Method and device for detecting failures in the ignition of a burner with a fan for air supply and a fuel valve - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting failures in the ignition of a burner with a fan for air supply and a fuel valve Download PDFInfo
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- EP3919817B1 EP3919817B1 EP21175383.5A EP21175383A EP3919817B1 EP 3919817 B1 EP3919817 B1 EP 3919817B1 EP 21175383 A EP21175383 A EP 21175383A EP 3919817 B1 EP3919817 B1 EP 3919817B1
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- ignition
- speed
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- fuel
- fan
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
- F23N5/203—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
- F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q23/00—Testing of ignition installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2231/00—Fail safe
- F23N2231/12—Fail safe for ignition failures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
- F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting errors when igniting a burner.
- Burners operated with liquid or gaseous fuel are used in particular for heating and/or providing hot domestic water and should have a high level of availability with low maintenance costs.
- Known burners are supplied with ambient air by a fan, to which fuel gas and/or a liquid fuel in a predeterminable amount is added via a fuel valve. The mixture is then ignited in a combustion chamber and subsequently used to generate heat in a stable, controlled combustion.
- the ignition process is a relatively important part of the entire process.
- a mixture of air and fuel only ignites safely and in an environmentally friendly manner if the mixture ratio of air to fuel (the air ratio lambda) is in an ignitable and environmentally friendly range and is ignited at a suitable time. If this is not the case, (partially) unburned fuel may be released into the environment, possibly including carbon monoxide and/or an undesirable accumulation of flammable mixture may occur, which, if ignited at an inopportune time, causes loud noises and/or undesirable pressure surges. For this reason, special attention is paid to safe ignition, i.e. the start of a combustion process in a burner.
- a fan is first switched on, which directs a predefined air flow into the burner, usually via a venturi nozzle. This air flow is then fed to a fuel inlet, e.g. in front of the venturi nozzle. Fuel is added, which is done by opening a fuel valve. The fuel valve is only opened by suitable sensors and controls when enough air is being supplied by the fan. Conversely, the fuel valve is closed if, for some reason, not enough air is being supplied. In addition, a so-called flame monitor ensures that the fuel supply is switched off if the flame goes out for any reason.
- control or regulation for the entire system that switches on the fan and sets its speed and the position of the fuel valve according to predefined calibration data for safe operation of the burner at different loads.
- Such regulation also includes constant measurement of the speed of the fan and monitoring the position of the fuel valve.
- EN 10 2018 114 355 A1 refers to a method for detecting a faulty ignition of a burner by comparing a measured signal curve optionally from a fan, ignition electrodes and/or ionization electrodes with a stored expected signal curve.
- the aim of the present invention is to at least alleviate the problems described with reference to the prior art and in particular to detect certain errors during the ignition process without additional sensors, in particular those errors that lead to noise and/or undesirable pressure pulses during ignition, especially so-called hard ignitions, which already represent a type of deflagration.
- a warning message or shutdown and locking of the system should then also be possible.
- a method for detecting errors when igniting a burner for burning a mixture of air and fuel contributes to this, in which a fan with a predeterminable or predetermined target speed generates an air flow that is fed to the burner, and fuel is mixed into the air flow at a fuel inlet via a fuel valve with a predeterminable or predetermined target position, monitors the speed of the fan and/or the position of the fuel valve during the ignition process by triggering ignition sparks using an ignition monitor, whereby characteristic changes in the monitored speed or the monitored position are detected and stored or further processed as errors during ignition. Characteristic changes with short-term deviations of up to 2 s [seconds] of the monitored speed from the specified target speed or the monitored position from the specified target position of more than 20% serve as an indication of delayed ignition. This means that no additional sensors are required, but additional information can be obtained from existing sensors.
- strong deviations lasting only 0.2 to 1 s in the order of more than 20%, in particular 30 to 80%, from the target speed or target position are taken as an indication of delayed ignition.
- the number and/or severity of the errors detected are stored and, if predefined limit values are exceeded, the burner is switched off or locked. In this way, possible damage to components caused by repeated pressure pulses can be avoided and maintenance can be arranged by specialist personnel.
- a warning indicator can be provided which is activated when ignition errors are detected.
- a device for detecting errors in the ignition of a burner for burning a mixture of air and fuel which comprises a fan for generating an air flow which is fed to the burner, wherein a fuel inlet is provided which is connected to the Air flow supplies fuel, wherein an ignition control is also present which is set up to operate the fan for ignition at a predeterminable or predetermined target speed and the fuel valve at a predeterminable or predetermined target position and to carry out an ignition process by triggering ignition sparks, and wherein a speed sensor and a valve position sensor are present and connected to an ignition monitoring system via signal lines.
- the ignition monitoring system is designed to detect ignition errors via characteristic changes in the speed and/or valve position and to store and/or process them further. It is also designed to detect characteristic changes with short-term deviations of up to 2 s [seconds] between the measured speed and the specified target speed or the measured position and the specified target position of more than 20% as an indication of delayed ignition. It has been shown that hard ignitions in particular generate very characteristic curves in the measurement signals from the speed sensor and valve position sensor, which can be detected using standard signal evaluation methods.
- the ignition monitoring system is equipped with a warning display that can be triggered when errors occur. This allows the occurrence of noises or pressure pulses from faulty ignition processes to be objectively documented and displayed.
- the ignition monitoring system is designed in such a way that detected errors can be counted, parameters or setpoints in an ignition control system can be changed and/or the burner can be switched off and/or locked.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a device according to the invention.
- a burner 1 is supplied with a mixture of ambient air and fuel via a burner inlet line 9.
- air is conveyed from an air inlet 2 via a fan 3 to a burner inlet 10.
- fuel from a fuel supply 5 is mixed with this air via a fuel valve 6.
- the mixture preferably reaches the burner inlet 10 via a Venturi nozzle 4 and from there into a nozzle plate 11 or the like for distribution in a combustion chamber 13 of the burner 1.
- the mixture can be ignited by means of an ignition electrode 12 to start the combustion.
- An ignition control 8 triggers an ignition process.
- the interaction of the individual components and their time-dependent control is critical for an optimal ignition process.
- speed sensor 14 with which a speed D of the fan 3 is measured continuously or quasi-continuously. In this way, the fan can initially be brought to a target speed during the ignition process.
- the fuel valve 6 also has a valve position sensor 15 with which the fuel valve position S can be set and monitored. Blower 3 and Fuel valves 6 are controlled via control lines 17 during an ignition process.
- speed sensor 14 and/or valve position sensor 15 are additionally connected via signal lines 18 to an ignition monitor 16 for detecting errors during the ignition process. This ignition monitor analyzes the temporal progression of the measured values from speed sensor 14 and/or valve position sensor 15 for characteristic signal curves that indicate errors during the ignition process, in particular hard ignitions.
- the errors can be counted or evaluated to trigger further steps.
- a warning display 19 can be triggered or, in the case of critical values, the system can be switched off and locked until it can be serviced by specialist personnel. Parameters in the ignition control 8 can also be changed in order to possibly automatically correct detected errors.
- Fig.2 illustrates, in a diagram, schematically and qualitatively, the behavior of the speed D of the fan 3 when the ignition spark is triggered late, in this case delayed by around 4.9 s.
- the time in seconds is plotted on the X-axis, and the speed D on the Y-axis. If the speed D is first brought to a target speed of, for example, 5200 rpm [rounds per minute] and then the fuel valve 6 is opened, the time interval until the ignition spark is triggered is critical for the quality of the ignition process. In the example shown, ignition occurs so late that a considerable amount of ignitable mixture is already present in the burner. This leads to violent ignition, which can be described as a small deflagration, producing noise and a pressure pulse.
- the pressure build-up is so great that this has a significant effect on the speed D of the fan 3.
- the fan is briefly slowed down by the pressure pulse, so that the speed D drops sharply, for example by 20 to 80%, in particular by 40 to 60%.
- the speed D then increases again very quickly and even shoots above the target speed until it slowly returns to the target speed.
- the sharp drop in speed only lasts about 0.1 to 2 s, in particular only 0.5 to 1 s.
- a very characteristic signal is created which can be easily distinguished from signals from a fault-free ignition process using conventional signal processing equipment.
- the diagram shows four consecutive faulty ignitions with the corresponding speed D curves, all of which show very similar characteristic curves.
- the upper solid line shows the speed D curve as a function of time in a laboratory test
- the lower line illustrates the opening (line goes down) and closing (line goes up) of the fuel valve 6, with ignition sparks being triggered 4.9 s after the fuel valve 6 begins to open.
- the measured values of the valve position sensor 15 can be evaluated for characteristic curves in a similar way to those of the speed sensor 14, since pressure pulses also have a significant effect there.
- the present invention makes it possible to detect and document hard ignitions or use them to influence the ignition control in conventional systems without additional sensors, simply by evaluating the existing measured values from sensors for speed D or fuel valve position S. This can help in finding the cause of errors or reduce the number of suboptimal ignitions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Fehlern beim Zünden eines Brenners. Mit flüssigem oder gasförmigem Brennstoff betriebene Brenner werden insbesondere zur Heizung und/oder Bereitstellung von warmem Brauchwasser eingesetzt und sollen eine hohe Verfügbarkeit bei geringem Wartungsaufwand haben. Bekannte Brenner werden von einem Gebläse mit Umgebungsluft versorgt, der über ein Brennstoffventil Brenngas und/oder ein flüssiger Brennstoff in einer vorgebbaren Menge beigemischt wird. Das Gemisch wird dann in einer Brennkammer gezündet und anschließend in einer stabilen geregelten Verbrennung zur Wärmeerzeugung genutzt. Dabei ist der Zündvorgang ein relativ wichtiger Teil des gesamten Verfahrens. Ein Gemisch aus Luft und Brennstoff zündet nur sicher und umweltfreundlich, wenn das Mischungsverhältnis von Luft zu Brennstoff (die Luftzahl Lambda) in einem zündfähigen und umweltverträglichen Bereich vorliegt und zu einem geeigneten Zeitpunkt gezündet wird. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so gelangt möglicherweise (teilweise) unverbrannter Brennstoff in die Umwelt, darunter möglicherweise auch Kohlenmonoxid und/oder es kann zu einer unerwünschten Ansammlung von zündfähigem Gemisch kommen, welches bei Zündung zu einem ungünstigen Zeitpunkt starke Geräusche und/oder unerwünschte Druckstöße bewirkt. Aus diesem Grunde wird der sicheren Zündung, also dem Start eines Verbrennungsvorganges in einem Brenner besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.The invention relates to a method and a device for detecting errors when igniting a burner. Burners operated with liquid or gaseous fuel are used in particular for heating and/or providing hot domestic water and should have a high level of availability with low maintenance costs. Known burners are supplied with ambient air by a fan, to which fuel gas and/or a liquid fuel in a predeterminable amount is added via a fuel valve. The mixture is then ignited in a combustion chamber and subsequently used to generate heat in a stable, controlled combustion. The ignition process is a relatively important part of the entire process. A mixture of air and fuel only ignites safely and in an environmentally friendly manner if the mixture ratio of air to fuel (the air ratio lambda) is in an ignitable and environmentally friendly range and is ignited at a suitable time. If this is not the case, (partially) unburned fuel may be released into the environment, possibly including carbon monoxide and/or an undesirable accumulation of flammable mixture may occur, which, if ignited at an inopportune time, causes loud noises and/or undesirable pressure surges. For this reason, special attention is paid to safe ignition, i.e. the start of a combustion process in a burner.
Nach dem Stand der Technik wird zunächst ein Gebläse eingeschaltet, welches einen vorgebbaren Luftstrom, meist über eine Venturidüse, in den Brenner leitet. Diesem Luftstrom wird anschließend an einem Brennstoffeinlass, z. B. vor der Venturidüse, Brennstoff beigemischt, was durch Öffnen eines Brennstoffventils erfolgt. Das Brennstoffventil wird durch eine geeignete Sensorik und Steuerung erst geöffnet, wenn genügend Luft vom Gebläse gefördert wird. Umgekehrt wird das Brennstoffventil geschlossen, wenn aus irgendeinem Grund nicht mehr genug Luft gefördert wird. Außerdem sorgt ein sogenannter Flammenwächter dafür, dass die Brennstoffzufuhr abgeschaltet wird, wenn die Flamme aus irgendeinem Grunde erlischt. In jedem Fall gibt es eine Steuerung oder Regelung für das gesamte System, die das Gebläse einschalten und dessen Drehzahl sowie die Stellung des Brennstoffventils nach vorgebbaren Kalibrierdaten für einen sicheren Betrieb des Brenners bei unterschiedlicher Last einstellen. Zu einer solchen Regelung gehört auch die ständige Messung der Drehzahl des Gebläses sowie die Überwachung der Stellung des Brennstoffventils.According to the current state of the art, a fan is first switched on, which directs a predefined air flow into the burner, usually via a venturi nozzle. This air flow is then fed to a fuel inlet, e.g. in front of the venturi nozzle. Fuel is added, which is done by opening a fuel valve. The fuel valve is only opened by suitable sensors and controls when enough air is being supplied by the fan. Conversely, the fuel valve is closed if, for some reason, not enough air is being supplied. In addition, a so-called flame monitor ensures that the fuel supply is switched off if the flame goes out for any reason. In any case, there is a control or regulation for the entire system that switches on the fan and sets its speed and the position of the fuel valve according to predefined calibration data for safe operation of the burner at different loads. Such regulation also includes constant measurement of the speed of the fan and monitoring the position of the fuel valve.
Dies alles verhindert jedoch nicht alle Arten von Fehlern beim Zündvorgang selbst. Aus verschiedenen Gründen kann es schon bei Inbetriebnahme eines Brenners oder später im Betrieb durch Verschleiß und andere Einflüsse dazu kommen, dass der Zündvorgang nicht optimal abläuft. Einerseits gibt es für alle Bauteile und Parameter Toleranzen und/oder Verschmutzungen und/oder Verschleiß, die dazu führen, dass ein gewünschter Wert für einen Parameter nicht immer genau eingestellt werden kann. Andererseits gibt es im Betrieb unterschiedliche Umgebungstemperaturen, Luftfeuchtigkeit und sogar geringe Unterschiede in der Brennstoffzusammensetzung, die dazu führen, dass mit einer vorgegebenen Einstellung von Gebläse und Brennstoffventil manchmal keine optimale Zündung (mehr) erreicht wird.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die mit Bezug auf den Stand der Technik geschilderten Probleme zumindest zu lindern und insbesondere bestimmte Fehler beim Zündvorgang ohne zusätzliche Sensorik zu erkennen, und zwar insbesondere solche Fehler, die zu Geräuschentwicklung und/oder unerwünschten Druckimpulsen beim Zünden führen, insbesondere darunter besonders sogenannte harte Zündungen, die schon eine Art Verpuffung darstellen. Je nach Schwere und/oder Häufigkeit eines festgestellten Fehlers soll dann auch eine Warnmeldung oder Abschaltung und Verriegelung der Anlage möglich sein.The aim of the present invention is to at least alleviate the problems described with reference to the prior art and in particular to detect certain errors during the ignition process without additional sensors, in particular those errors that lead to noise and/or undesirable pressure pulses during ignition, especially so-called hard ignitions, which already represent a type of deflagration. Depending on the severity and/or frequency of an error detected, a warning message or shutdown and locking of the system should then also be possible.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Computerprogrammprodukt gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Die Beschreibung, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren, veranschaulicht die Erfindung und gibt weitere Ausführungsbeispiele an.A method and a device as well as a computer program product according to the independent claims serve to solve this problem. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims. The description, in particular in connection with the figures, illustrates the invention and gives further embodiments.
Hierzu trägt ein Verfahren zum Erkennen von Fehlern beim Zünden eines Brenners zur Verbrennung eines Gemisches von Luft und Brennstoff bei, bei dem ein Gebläse mit einer vorgebbaren bzw. vorgegebenen Soll-Drehzahl einen Luftstrom erzeugt, der dem Brenner zugeleitet wird, und dem Luftstrom über ein Brennstoffventil mit einer vorgebbaren bzw. vorgegebenen Soll-Stellung Brennstoff an einem Brennstoffeinlass beigemischt wird, überwacht während des Zündvorgangs durch Auslösen von Zündfunken mittels einer Zündüberwachung die Drehzahl des Gebläses und/oder die Stellung des Brennstoffventils, wobei charakteristische Änderungen der überwachten Drehzahl bzw. der überwachten Stellung erkannt und als Fehler beim Zünden gespeichert oder weiterverarbeitet werden. Charakteristische Änderungen mit kurzzeitigen bis zu 2 s [Sekunden] dauernden Abweichungen der überwachten Drehzahl von der vorgegebenen Soll-Drehzahl bzw. der überwachten Stellung von der vorgegebenen Soll-Stellung von mehr als 20 % dienen dabei als Hinweis auf eine verspätete Zündung . So sind keine zusätzlichen Sensoren erforderlich, es können aber zusätzliche Informationen aus vorhandenen Sensoren gewonnen werden.A method for detecting errors when igniting a burner for burning a mixture of air and fuel contributes to this, in which a fan with a predeterminable or predetermined target speed generates an air flow that is fed to the burner, and fuel is mixed into the air flow at a fuel inlet via a fuel valve with a predeterminable or predetermined target position, monitors the speed of the fan and/or the position of the fuel valve during the ignition process by triggering ignition sparks using an ignition monitor, whereby characteristic changes in the monitored speed or the monitored position are detected and stored or further processed as errors during ignition. Characteristic changes with short-term deviations of up to 2 s [seconds] of the monitored speed from the specified target speed or the monitored position from the specified target position of more than 20% serve as an indication of delayed ignition. This means that no additional sensors are required, but additional information can be obtained from existing sensors.
Bevorzugt werden nur 0,2 bis 1 s dauernde starke Abweichungen in der Größenordnung von mehr als 20 %, insbesondere 30 bis 80%, von Soll-Drehzahl bzw. Soll-Stellung als Hinweis auf eine verspätete Zündung genommen.Preferably, strong deviations lasting only 0.2 to 1 s in the order of more than 20%, in particular 30 to 80%, from the target speed or target position are taken as an indication of delayed ignition.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Zahl und/oder Stärke der festgestellten Fehler gespeichert und bei Überschreiten vorgebbarer Grenzwerte der Brenner abgeschaltet oder verriegelt. Auf diese Weise können eventuelle Schäden an Komponenten durch wiederholte Druckimpulse vermieden und eine Wartung durch Fachpersonal veranlasst werden.According to a special embodiment of the invention, the number and/or severity of the errors detected are stored and, if predefined limit values are exceeded, the burner is switched off or locked. In this way, possible damage to components caused by repeated pressure pulses can be avoided and maintenance can be arranged by specialist personnel.
Je nach Art der Zündsteuerung und nach Anforderungen an die Sicherheit eines Systems werden erfindungsgemäß bei Feststellung von Fehlern auch Korrekturen an Parametern der Zündsteuerung und/oder den Sollwerten von Drehzahl des Gebläses und/oder Stellung des Brennstoffventils beim Zündvorgang vorgenommen werden. Dies kommt insbesondere bei Systemen mit einer fortgeschrittenen Software in Betracht, bei denen eine zentrale Datenverarbeitung Zündvorgänge steuert und den folgenden Betrieb regelt.Depending on the type of ignition control and the safety requirements of a system, if errors are detected, corrections will also be made to the ignition control parameters and/or the setpoint values for the speed of the fan and/or the position of the fuel valve during the ignition process. This is particularly relevant for systems with advanced software in which a central data processing system controls ignition processes and regulates subsequent operation.
Für einfachere Anwendungen oder zusätzlich kann eine Warnanzeige vorhanden sein, die beim Erkennen von Fehlern bei der Zündung angesteuert wird.For simpler applications or in addition, a warning indicator can be provided which is activated when ignition errors are detected.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt wird eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Fehlern bei der Zündung eines Brenners zur Verbrennung eines Gemisches von Luft und Brennstoff vorgeschlagen, die ein Gebläse zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms umfasst, der dem Brenner zugeleitet wird, wobei ein Brennstoffeinlass vorhanden ist, der über ein Brennstoffventil dem Luftstrom Brennstoff zuführt, wobei weiter eine Zündsteuerung vorhanden ist, die eingerichtet ist, das Gebläse zum Zünden mit einer vorgebbaren bzw. vorgegebenen Soll-Drehzahl und das Brennstoffventil mit einer vorgebbaren bzw. vorgegebenen Soll-Stellung zu betreiben und durch Auslösen von Zündfunken einen Zündvorgang durchzuführen und wobei ein Drehzahlsensor und ein Ventilstellungssensor vorhanden und über Signalleitungen mit einer Zündüberwachung verbunden sind.According to a further aspect, a device for detecting errors in the ignition of a burner for burning a mixture of air and fuel is proposed, which comprises a fan for generating an air flow which is fed to the burner, wherein a fuel inlet is provided which is connected to the Air flow supplies fuel, wherein an ignition control is also present which is set up to operate the fan for ignition at a predeterminable or predetermined target speed and the fuel valve at a predeterminable or predetermined target position and to carry out an ignition process by triggering ignition sparks, and wherein a speed sensor and a valve position sensor are present and connected to an ignition monitoring system via signal lines.
Die Zündüberwachung ist eingerichtet, Fehler beim Zünden über charakteristische Änderungen der Drehzahl und/oder der Ventilstellung zu erkennen und zu speichern und/oder weiterzuverarbeiten. Sie ist weiter eingerichtet, charakteristische Änderungen mit kurzzeitigen bis zu 2 s [Sekunden] dauernden Abweichungen der gemessenen Drehzahl von der vorgegebenen Soll-Drehzahl bzw. der gemessenen Stellung von der vorgegebenen Soll-Stellung von mehr als 20 % als Hinweis auf eine verspätete Zündung zu erkennen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass insbesondere harte Zündungen ganz charakteristische Verläufe der Messsignale von Drehzahlsensor und Ventilstellungssensor erzeugen, die sich mit üblichen Signalauswertungsmethoden detektieren lassen.The ignition monitoring system is designed to detect ignition errors via characteristic changes in the speed and/or valve position and to store and/or process them further. It is also designed to detect characteristic changes with short-term deviations of up to 2 s [seconds] between the measured speed and the specified target speed or the measured position and the specified target position of more than 20% as an indication of delayed ignition. It has been shown that hard ignitions in particular generate very characteristic curves in the measurement signals from the speed sensor and valve position sensor, which can be detected using standard signal evaluation methods.
Bevorzugt ist die Zündüberwachung mit einer Warnanzeige ausgestattet ist, die bei Auftreten von Fehlern auslösbar ist. Dies erlaubt es, das Auftreten von Geräuschen oder Druckimpulsen von fehlerhaften Zündvorgängen auch objektiv zu dokumentieren und anzuzeigen.Preferably, the ignition monitoring system is equipped with a warning display that can be triggered when errors occur. This allows the occurrence of noises or pressure pulses from faulty ignition processes to be objectively documented and displayed.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Zündüberwachung so ausgelegt, dass festgestellte Fehler gezählt, Parameter oder Sollwerte in einer Zündsteuerung verändert und/oder der Brenner abgeschaltet und/oder verriegelt werden können.Particularly preferably, the ignition monitoring system is designed in such a way that detected errors can be counted, parameters or setpoints in an ignition control system can be changed and/or the burner can be switched off and/or locked.
Weiterhin wird ein Computerprogrammprodukt vorgeschlagen, umfassend Befehle, die bewirken, dass die hier vorgeschlagene Vorrichtung das vorgeschlagene Verfahren ausführt.Furthermore, a computer program product is proposed, comprising instructions which cause the device proposed here to carry out the proposed method executes.
Ein schematisches Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, auf das diese jedoch nicht beschränkt ist, und die Funktionsweise des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es stellen dar:
- Fig. 1:
- eine Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Fehlern beim Zünden eines Brenners, und
- Fig. 2:
- ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung der Auswirkungen eines Fehlers auf die Drehzahl eines Gebläses eines Brenners.
- Fig.1:
- a device for detecting errors during the ignition of a burner, and
- Fig. 2:
- a diagram illustrating the effects of a fault on the speed of a burner fan.
Bei einem Brenner nach dem Stand der Technik gibt es bisher keine Instrumentierung, die eine harte Zündung detektieren, aufzeichnen oder gar zur Veränderung von Parametern nutzen könnte. Es gibt außer den oben beschriebenen Sensoren zwar auch manchmal Durchflussmesser in der Brennereinlassleitung 9, aber diese liefern bei harten Zündungen kein einfach auswertbares charakteristisches Signal.In a burner according to the state of the art, there is currently no instrumentation that could detect a hard ignition, record it or even use it to change parameters. In addition to the sensors described above, there are sometimes flow meters in the
Die vorliegende Erfindung erlaubt es, bei herkömmlichen Systemen ohne zusätzliche Sensorik nur durch besondere Auswertung ohnehin vorliegender Messwerte von Sensoren für Drehzahl D oder Brennstoffventilstellung S harte Zündungen festzustellen, zu dokumentieren oder auch für eine Beeinflussung der Zündsteuerung zu nutzen. Dies kann bei der Suche nach der Ursache von Fehlern helfen oder auch die Zahl an nicht optimalen Zündungen verringern.The present invention makes it possible to detect and document hard ignitions or use them to influence the ignition control in conventional systems without additional sensors, simply by evaluating the existing measured values from sensors for speed D or fuel valve position S. This can help in finding the cause of errors or reduce the number of suboptimal ignitions.
- 11
- Brennerburner
- 22
- LufteinlassAir intake
- 33
- Gebläsefan
- 44
- VenturidüseVenturi nozzle
- 55
- BrennstoffversorgungFuel supply
- 66
- BrennstoffventilFuel valve
- 77
- BrennstoffeinlassFuel inlet
- 88th
- ZündsteuerungIgnition control
- 99
- BrennereinlassleitungBurner inlet line
- 1010
- BrennereinlassBurner inlet
- 1111
- DüsenplatteNozzle plate
- 1212
- ZündelektrodeIgnition electrode
- 1313
- BrennraumCombustion chamber
- 1414
- DrehzahlsensorSpeed sensor
- 1515
- VentilstellungssensorValve position sensor
- 1616
- ZündüberwachungIgnition monitoring
- 1717
- SteuerleitungenControl cables
- 1818
- SignalleitungenSignal lines
- 1919
- WarnanzeigeWarning display
- DD
- Drehzahlnumber of revolutions
- SS
- Stellung des BrennstoffventilsPosition of the fuel valve
Claims (10)
- Method for detecting faults during ignition of a burner (1) for the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel, in which a fan (3) generates an air flow at a predetermined target speed, which is fed to the burner (1), and the air flow is admixed with a fuel at a fuel inlet (7) by means of a fuel valve (6) with a predetermined target position, wherein
during the ignition process, at least the speed (D) of the fan (3) or the position (S) of the fuel valve (6) are monitored by triggering ignition sparks by means of ignition monitoring (16) and wherein characteristic changes to the monitored speed (D) and/or the monitored position (S) are detected and stored or processed as faults during ignition, wherein characteristic changes with short-term differences of up to 2 s [seconds] long in the monitored speed (D) from the predetermined target speed and/or the monitored position (S) from the predetermined target position of more than 20 % serve as an indication of a delayed ignition. - Method according to claim 2, wherein a 0.1 to 2 s long difference of more than 20 % serves as an indication of a delayed ignition.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number and/or strength of the detected faults are stored and when predeterminable limit values of the stored number and/or strength are exceeded, the burner (1) is switched off or locked.
- Method according to claim 3, wherein, when predeterminable threshold values for transients of the measurement signals of the speed (D) of the fan (3) and/or the position (S) of the fuel valve (6) are exceeded, the burner (1) is switched off or locked.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, when faults are detected, at least one measure from the following group is performed: corrections to parameters of an ignition controller (8), corrections to the target value of the speed (D) of the fan (3), corrections to the target position of the fuel valve (6) during the ignition process.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a warning display (19) is actuated when faults are detected during ignition.
- Device for detecting faults during ignition of a burner (1) for the combustion of a mixture of air and fuel, in which there is a fan (3) for generating an air flow, which is fed to the burner (1), wherein there is a fuel inlet (7), which supplies fuel to the air flow via a fuel valve (6), wherein there is also an ignition controller (8), which is configured to operate the fan (3) for ignition with a predetermined target speed and the fuel valve (6) with a predetermined target position and to perform an ignition process by triggering ignition sparks and wherein there is a speed sensor (14) and a valve position sensor (15) and these are connected to ignition monitoring (16) via signal lines (18), wherein the ignition monitoring (16) is configured to detect characteristic changes in at least the speed (D) measured with the speed sensor or the position (S) measured with the valve position sensor (15) for faults during ignition and to then at least store or process them, as well as to detect characteristic changes with short-term differences of 2 s [seconds] long in the measured speed (D) from the measured target speed and/or the measured position (S) from the predetermined target position of more than 20 % as an indication of a delayed ignition.
- Device according to claim 7, wherein ignition monitoring is equipped with a warning display (19), which can be triggered when faults occur.
- Device according to any of claims 7 or 8, wherein ignition monitoring (16) is designed to perform at least one of the measures from the following group: counting detected faults, changing parameters or target values in an ignition controller (8), switching off the burner (1), locking the burner (1).
- Computer program product, comprising commands, which cause the device according to any of claims 7 to 9 to carry out the method steps according to any of claims 1 to 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020114044.4A DE102020114044A1 (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Method and device for the detection of errors when igniting a burner with a fan for the supply of air and a fuel valve |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3919817A1 EP3919817A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
EP3919817C0 EP3919817C0 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
EP3919817B1 true EP3919817B1 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
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EP21175383.5A Active EP3919817B1 (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2021-05-21 | Method and device for detecting failures in the ignition of a burner with a fan for air supply and a fuel valve |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3919817B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102020114044A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3919817T3 (en) |
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DE102021123070A1 (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2023-03-09 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method and arrangement for detecting the ignition of flames in a combustion chamber of a heating device, computer program product and use |
DE102021124663A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2023-03-23 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method of monitoring the ignition of a flame of a burner |
DE102021127953A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2023-04-27 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method for starting up a heating device, computer program product, regulation and control device, and a heating device |
DE102022103654A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-17 | Vaillant Gmbh | Procedure for starting up a heater, computer program, regulation and control device, heater and use of a parameter |
DE102022103736A1 (en) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-17 | Vaillant Gmbh | Procedure for starting up a heater, computer program, regulation and control device, heater and use of a parameter |
DE102022122935A1 (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-14 | Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh | Device for detecting backfire in a heater |
DE102022123081A1 (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2024-03-14 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method for detecting flashback in a heater; Control and control device, heater and computer program |
DE102022123906A1 (en) | 2022-09-19 | 2024-03-21 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method for operating a heater, computer program, control and control device, heater and use of a two-part gas supply |
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DE1911193B1 (en) * | 1969-03-05 | 1970-09-10 | Huber Dr Ing Ludwig | Control device for a gas-powered oscillating burner device |
IT1087543B (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1985-06-04 | Gandolfi Maria L | SAFETY DEVICE AGAINST GAS LEAKS IN A FUEL GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM |
DE102006051883B4 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2015-02-12 | Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. | Apparatus and method for adjusting, controlling or regulating the fuel / combustion air ratio for operating a burner |
EP2971964B1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-11-29 | Idea S.p.A. | Burner combustion control method and device |
DE102018114355A1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Process for operating a burner |
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2020
- 2020-05-26 DE DE102020114044.4A patent/DE102020114044A1/en active Pending
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2021
- 2021-05-21 PL PL21175383.5T patent/PL3919817T3/en unknown
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DE102020114044A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
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EP3919817A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
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