EP3796358B1 - Temperature-dependent switch - Google Patents
Temperature-dependent switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3796358B1 EP3796358B1 EP20196416.0A EP20196416A EP3796358B1 EP 3796358 B1 EP3796358 B1 EP 3796358B1 EP 20196416 A EP20196416 A EP 20196416A EP 3796358 B1 EP3796358 B1 EP 3796358B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- dependent
- switch
- switching
- snap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 74
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
- H01H37/5409—Bistable switches; Resetting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/002—Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/04—Bases; Housings; Mountings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/60—Means for producing snap action
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/64—Contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
- H01H9/104—Adaptation for built-in fuses with interlocking mechanism between switch and fuse
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/0006—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches for converting electric switches
- H01H2011/0043—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches for converting electric switches for modifying the number or type of operating positions, e.g. momentary and stable
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
- H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary contact and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a movable contact member.
- the switching mechanism presses the contact member against the first contact and thereby establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts via the contact member.
- the switching mechanism keeps the contact member at a distance from the first contact and thus interrupts the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts.
- the temperature-dependent switching mechanism has a temperature-dependent snap part which, when a switching temperature is exceeded, snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and when a switch-back temperature is subsequently undershot, it snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration back into its geometric low-temperature configuration. Snapping the temperature-dependent snap part from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position and thus opens the switch.
- a closing lock is also provided, which has a fusible medium and prevents the switch, once opened, from being closed again by holding the switching mechanism in its second switching position.
- a temperature-dependent switch according to the preamble of claim 1 is from US 2007/0188293 A1 known.
- Another exemplary temperature-dependent switch is already available DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 known.
- Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating.
- the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and is mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
- a temperature-dependent switching mechanism ensures that the two stationary contacts of the switch are electrically connected to each other below the response temperature of the switching mechanism are connected. The circuit is therefore closed below the response temperature and the load current of the device to be protected can flow via the switch.
- the switching mechanism lifts the movable contact member away from the counter contact, which opens the switch and interrupts the load current of the device to be protected.
- the now de-energized device can then cool down again.
- the switch that is thermally connected to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.
- a closing lock ensures that this switch-back does not occur in the cooling position, so that the device to be protected cannot automatically switch on again after it has been switched off.
- the closing lock mechanically locks the rear derailleur so that the rear derailleur cannot close again after it has been opened once, even if strong shocks or temperature fluctuations occur.
- switches that do not close again after being opened once are also referred to as one-time switches.
- opening means the interruption of the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts of the switch and not an opening of the switch housing in a mechanical sense.
- Another switch of this type is from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known.
- This switch has a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-dependent bimetal snap-action disk and a bistable spring disk that carries a movable contact or a current transmission member.
- the bimetal snap disk When the bimetal snap disk is on is heated to a temperature above its response temperature, it lifts the contact or the current transmission member against the force of the spring washer from the mating contact or contacts and thereby presses the spring washer into its second stable configuration, in which the switching mechanism is in its high-temperature position.
- the snap-action disk is a bistable snap-action disk that assumes either a high-temperature configuration or a low-temperature configuration depending on the temperature.
- the spring washer is a circular spring snap washer to which the contact member is attached in the middle.
- the contact member is, for example, a movable contact part which is pressed by the spring snap-action disk against the first stationary contact, which is arranged inside on a cover of the housing of the known switch. With its edge, the spring snap washer presses against an inner bottom of a lower part of the housing, which acts as a second contact. In this way, the self-electrically conductive spring snap disk creates an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts.
- the bimetal snap-action disk In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap-action disk lies loosely on the contact part. If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it switches to its high-temperature position, in which its edge presses against the inside of the upper part of the housing and its center presses on the spring-action snap-action disk in such a way that it moves away from its first position switches to its second stable configuration, whereby the movable contact part is lifted off the stationary contact and the switch is opened.
- the bimetal snap-action disk If the temperature of the switch cools down again, the bimetal snap-action disk returns to its low-temperature position. Its edge comes into contact with the edge of the spring snap disk and its center comes into contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap-action disk is not sufficient to allow the spring-action snap-action disk to return to its first configuration.
- the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 The well-known switch remains open after being opened once until it has cooled down to a temperature below room temperature, for which a cold spray can be used, for example.
- the spring snap-action disk is fixed with its edge on the lower part of the housing, while the bimetal snap-action disk is provided between the spring snap-action disk and the inner bottom of the lower part.
- the spring snap-action disk presses the contact plate against the two stationary contacts. If the bimetal snap disk switches to its high-temperature position, its edge presses against the spring snap disk and its center pulls the spring snap disk away from the upper part, so that the contact plate comes out of contact with the two mating contacts.
- contact plates, Spring snap washer and bimetal snap washer are captively connected to each other by a centrally running rivet.
- this switch Due to its design, this switch has a self-holding function. However, in rare cases, strong mechanical shocks can cause the spring snap disk to spring back unintentionally.
- a temperature-dependent switch with a current transmission element designed as a contact bridge is also known, in which the contact bridge is pressed against two stationary mating contacts via a closing spring. Via an actuating bolt, the contact bridge is in contact with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism, which consists of a bimetal snap washer and a spring washer, both of which are clamped at its edge.
- the spring washer and the bimetal snap-action disc are both bistable in this switch, the bimetal snap-action disc is temperature-dependent and the spring washer is temperature-independent.
- the bimetal snap-action disk If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it pushes the spring disk into its second configuration, in which it presses the actuating bolt against the contact bridge and thereby lifts it from the stationary mating contacts against the force of the closing spring.
- this switch has the disadvantage that in the open state the spring washer lifts the contact bridge from the mating contacts against the force of the closing spring, so that the spring washer in its second configuration must reliably overcome the force of the closing spring.
- the closing spring ensures that the contact bridge rests securely on the mating contacts when closed, a spring washer with very high stability is required in the second configuration.
- a dome is formed on this spring tongue, which is pressed into its second configuration by a bimetallic plate also attached to the spring tongue, in which it distances the movable contact part from the stationary mating contact.
- the dome must keep the movable contact part at a distance from the fixed mating contact against the closing force of the spring tongue clamped on one side, so that the dome must apply a high actuating force in its second configuration.
- the known switch therefore has the disadvantages already discussed above, namely that high actuating forces have to be overcome, which leads to high manufacturing costs and an unsafe state in the cooling position.
- the present invention is based on the object of developing the switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that it is simpler and therefore more cost-effective to manufacture and yet a safe interruption of the circuit is guaranteed even in the cooling position of the switch and in the event of strong vibrations.
- this object is achieved in a switch of the type mentioned at the outset in that the fusible medium is set up to melt when a temperature of the switch exceeds a melting temperature of the medium, which is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part, in a molten state to come into contact with a part of the switching mechanism when it is in its second switching position, and then to solidify again and thereby lock the switching mechanism in its second switching position when the temperature of the switch falls below the melting temperature of the medium again.
- the locking lock has the rear derailleur similar to the one from the DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 known switch, it cannot close again after being opened once, even if strong mechanical shocks occur.
- the switch is consequently also locked, which is used synonymously in the context of the present invention.
- the switch according to the invention is thus prevented from switching back.
- the rear derailleur according to the present invention is not locked mechanically by latching. Instead, the rear derailleur is locked using a fusible medium that comes into contact with the rear derailleur in its second switching position (open position) and solidifies when the switch cools below the melting temperature of the medium.
- an adhesive connection is preferably produced between a part of the switching mechanism and a part of the switch housing in which the switching mechanism is arranged.
- the rear derailleur therefore adheres to part of the switch housing as soon as the medium solidifies. The rear derailleur can then no longer be moved.
- the temperature-dependent snap part tries to snap back into its geometric low-temperature configuration when it reaches or falls below its switch-back temperature and thereby presses the movable contact member again against the first contact in order to establish an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts.
- this renewed closing of the switch is prevented by the adhesive or cohesive connection, which is caused by the solidified medium between part of the switching mechanism and part of the switch housing.
- the closing lock created in this way can be manufactured very easily in terms of production technology.
- a fusible medium only needs to be arranged at a suitable location, which comes into contact with a part of the switching mechanism when it is in its second switching position.
- the fusible medium should be able to solidify to create an adhesive connection between this part of the switching mechanism and a part of the switch housing.
- the meltable medium is designed to come into contact with the movable contact member of the switching mechanism in the molten state when the switching mechanism is in its second switching position.
- the fusible medium is designed to produce an adhesive or cohesive connection between the movable contact member of the switching mechanism and a part of the housing as soon as the temperature of the switch falls below the melting temperature of the medium again after the melting temperature of the medium has been exceeded and the medium solidifies.
- the movable contact member is usually designed as a solid component, so that it is very suitable for being connected to a part of the housing by means of the initially melted and then solidified medium. Since the movable contact member usually offers a very large contact surface for such an adhesive or cohesive connection to the housing, particularly on its underside, a mechanically very stable closing lock can be created by the adhesive or cohesive connection.
- the meltable medium is stored in a reservoir that is arranged in the housing.
- the fusible medium is stored in a reservoir with which the movable contact member comes into contact when the temperature-dependent snap part snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position .
- Such a reservoir can be realized, for example, by a recess, a substantially cup-shaped receptacle or a simple container that is arranged inside the switch.
- Storing the meltable medium within such a reservoir has the advantage that the medium does not spread within the switch after it melts and could thereby affect other components of the switch. Furthermore, such a reservoir has the advantage that the position of the fusible medium can be aligned in an exact manner relative to the switching mechanism, so that it can be guaranteed that the movable contact member in the second switching position of the switching mechanism with the reservoir or that located therein fusible medium comes into contact.
- the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the first stationary contact or each of the two stationary contacts being arranged on an inside of the upper part, and the reservoir being arranged in the lower part in such a way that that the movable contact member comes into contact with the medium with its underside facing away from the upper part when the temperature-dependent snap part snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position into its second switching position.
- the reservoir is particularly preferably arranged on an inner floor surface of the lower part below the movable contact member.
- the reservoir is integrated directly into the inner bottom surface of the lower part.
- a closed contour can be introduced into the inner floor surface, which serves as a receptacle for the meltable medium.
- the reservoir can also have a bead protruding from the inner floor surface be formed, which forms a closed, for example circular contour that surrounds the fusible medium.
- the reservoir has a container which is connected to the lower part in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or material-locking manner.
- the container can, for example, be a type of inlay that is inserted into the lower part of the housing and is welded, soldered or glued to the inner base surface.
- the container can be flanged to the inner bottom surface of the lower part or fastened to it in a clamping manner.
- the fusible medium is a solder.
- the fusible medium is particularly preferably a soft solder. In principle, however, a hard solder can be used.
- solder has the particular advantage that this creates a mechanically extremely stable, cohesive connection between the part of the switching mechanism and the part of the housing, which are connected to one another by the solder.
- the melting temperature of the medium or solder is higher than the switch-back temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
- the melting temperature of the fusible medium or solder is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
- the switching mechanism has a temperature-independent spring part which is connected to the movable contact member, the temperature-dependent snap part when the switching temperature is exceeded acts on the spring part and thereby lifts the movable contact member from the first contact.
- the spring part is a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations.
- the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer, it is preferred that the spring washer presses the movable contact member against the first contact in its first stable configuration and keeps the movable contact member at a distance from the first contact in its second stable configuration.
- This has the advantage that the spring washer causes the closing force and thus the contact pressure between the movable contact member and the first contact when the switch is in the closed state (in the first switching position of the switching mechanism). This mechanically relieves the temperature-dependent snap part, which positively influences its service life and the long-term stability of its response temperature (switching temperature).
- the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer with two temperature-independently stable geometric configurations, this has the additional advantage that the bistable spring washer holds the switch in its open state after opening. Even if the temperature-dependent snap part then wants to snap back into its low-temperature configuration after the switch has cooled down to the switch-back temperature, the spring washer holds the switch in its open position in addition to the closing lock described above.
- the melting temperature of the medium or solder is lower than the switch-back temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part. If the switch that is already open (switching mechanism in the second switching position) cools down to the switch-back temperature, the closing lock is not yet activated because the medium or solder has not yet solidified. However, the bistable spring part still holds the switch in its open position. If the switch then cools further down to the melting temperature of the medium or solder, the closing lock is ultimately activated.
- the temperature-dependent snap part is fixed to the movable contact member, but in its geometric low-temperature configuration is otherwise freely suspended inside the housing without being supported on the housing or another part of the switch.
- the temperature-dependent snap part cannot be supported on the housing or on another part of the switch in its low-temperature configuration, the temperature-dependent snap part cannot then generate a closing force that presses the movable contact member against the first contact.
- the closing force is generated by the temperature-independent spring part.
- the temperature-dependent snap part snaps back into its low-temperature configuration close to the switch cooling below the switch-back temperature, the temperature-dependent snap part essentially snaps "into the void", so that the switch is not closed again.
- the bistable spring part then holds the switch in its open position.
- the closing lock takes effect as soon as the medium or solder has solidified when its melting temperature is reached.
- the temperature-dependent snap part is preferably designed as a bistable bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
- the movable contact member comprises a movable contact part that cooperates with the first contact, and that the spring part cooperates with the second contact, it being further preferred that the spring part is electrically connected over its edge at least in its first geometric configuration is connected to the second contact.
- This configuration is basically from the DE 10 2018 100 890 B3 , the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 or the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known. It causes the temperature-dependent Snap part is not exposed to temperature in any position of the switch, but rather that the load current of the electrical device to be protected flows through the spring part.
- the movable contact member includes a current transmission member that interacts with both contacts.
- the advantage here is that the switch can carry significantly higher currents than the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 well-known switches.
- the current transmission element arranged on the contact element ensures that the electrical short circuit between the two contacts occurs when the switch is closed, so that not only the temperature-dependent snap part, but also the temperature-independent spring part are no longer subject to the load current flowing through, as is already the case in principle DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 is known.
- a switch 10 is shown in a schematic, sectioned side view, which is rotationally symmetrical in plan view and preferably has a circular shape.
- the switch 10 has a housing 12 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is arranged.
- the housing 12 includes a pot-like lower part 16 and an upper part 18, which is held on the lower part 16 by a bent or flanged edge 20.
- both the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 are made of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal.
- a spacer ring 22 is arranged between the lower part 16 and the upper part 18, which supports the upper part 18 with the interposition of an insulating film 24 and keeps the upper part 18 at a distance from the lower part 16.
- the insulating film 24 ensures electrical insulation of the upper part 18 from the lower part 16.
- the insulating film 24 also ensures a mechanical seal, which prevents liquids or contaminants from outside entering the interior of the housing.
- the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 in this exemplary embodiment are each made of electrically conductive material, thermal contact can be established with an electrical device to be protected via their outer surfaces.
- the outer surfaces also serve as the external electrical connection of the switch 10.
- the rear derailleur 14 has a temperature-independent spring part 28 and a temperature-dependent snap disk 30.
- the spring part 28 is preferably designed as a bistable spring washer. This spring washer 28 therefore has two geometric configurations that are stable regardless of temperature. In Fig. 1 their first configuration is shown.
- the temperature-dependent snap disk 30 is preferably designed as a bimetal snap disk.
- the bimetal snap disk 30 has two temperature-dependent configurations, a high-temperature geometric configuration and a low-temperature geometric configuration. In the in Fig. 1 In the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown, the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
- the spring washer 28 rests with its edge 32 on a circumferential shoulder 34 formed in the lower part 16 and is clamped between this shoulder 34 and the spacer ring 22.
- the bimetal snap disk 30 is in its in Fig. 1 However, the low temperature configuration shown is freely hanging. It hangs freely with its edge 36 and is not supported by this on any part of the housing 12 or on any other part of the switch 10.
- the spring washer 28 With its center 40, the spring washer 28 is fixed to a movable contact member 42 of the switching mechanism 14.
- the bimetal snap disk 30 is also fixed with its center 44 on the movable contact member 42.
- the movable contact member 42 has a ring 46 which surrounds the movable contact member 42. This ring 46 is preferably pressed onto the movable contact member 42. It has a circumferential shoulder 47 on which the snap disk 30 rests with its center 44.
- the spring washer 28 is clamped between the ring 40 and the upper widened portion of the contact member 42.
- the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is a captive unit made up of contact member 42, spring washer 28 and bimetal snap-action disk 30.
- the movable contact member 42 has a movable contact part 38 on its upper side.
- the movable contact part 38 works together with a fixed mating contact 48, which is arranged on the inside of the upper part 18.
- This counter contact 48 is also referred to here as the first stationary contact.
- the outside of the lower part 16 serves as the second stationary contact 50.
- the switch 10 In the in Fig. 1 In the position shown, the switch 10 is in its low-temperature position, in which the temperature-independent spring washer 28 is in its first configuration and the temperature-dependent snap-action disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration.
- the spring washer 28 presses the movable contact part 38 against the first stationary contact 48.
- An electrically conductive connection is thus established between the first stationary contact 48 and the second stationary contact 50 via the movable contact member 42 and the spring washer 28.
- the contact pressure between the movable contact part 38 and the first stationary contact 48 is generated by the temperature-independent spring washer 28.
- the temperature-dependent bimetal snap disk 30, however, is almost force-free in this state.
- the temperature of the device to be protected and thus the temperature of the switch 10 and the bimetal snap disk 30 arranged therein increases to the switching temperature of the snap disk 30 or above this switching temperature, it snaps from its position Fig. 1 shown, convex low-temperature configuration into its concave high-temperature configuration, which is in Fig. 1 is shown.
- the bimetal snap disk 30 is supported with its edge 36 on a part of the switch 10, in this case on the edge 32 of the spring washer 28. With its center 44, the bimetal snap disk 30 pulls the movable contact member 42 downwards and lifts the movable contact part 38 from the first stationary contact 48.
- Fig. 2 shows the high temperature position of the switch 10, in which it is open. The circuit is then interrupted.
- the spring washer 30 snaps when reached the switch-back temperature returns to its low temperature position, as in, for example Fig. 1 is shown. If the bimetal snap-action disk 30 cannot be supported on a part of the switch 10 in this low-temperature position, it essentially snaps "into the void". Due to the bistability of the temperature-independent spring washer 28, the switch 10 would then remain open anyway.
- a closing lock 51 is caused by a fusible medium 54 which is arranged on the inner bottom surface 56 of the lower part 16.
- This fusible medium is preferably a solder, particularly preferably a soft solder.
- This solder 54 is preferably stored in a reservoir or container that is arranged on and/or integrated into the inner floor surface 56.
- the fusible medium or solder 54 melts as soon as the temperature of the switch 10 reaches or exceeds a melting temperature of the medium or solder 54. If the solder 54 then comes into contact with a part of the switching mechanism 14 in this molten state and then solidifies again when the switch 10 and thus the solder 54 cool down again to a temperature below the melting temperature of the solder 54, the solder then solidifies for a cohesive or at least adhesive connection between the part of the switching mechanism 14 with which it comes into contact in the molten state and the lower part 16 of the switch 10.
- the movable contact member 42 comes into contact with the solder 54 as soon as the switch 10 is opened when the switching temperature is reached and the switching mechanism 14 is brought into its second switching position using the bimetal snap disk 30, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown.
- the underside 55 of the movable contact member 42 comes into contact with the solder 54.
- the movable contact member 42 at least partially dips its underside 55 into the reservoir 52 filled with the solder 54.
- the solder 54 should then have already melted. Accordingly, a solder 54 is selected whose melting temperature is below the switching temperature of the bimetal snap disk 30.
- the melting temperature of the Lots 54 can be chosen to be higher than the switch-back temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk 30, since in such a case the closing lock must already be activated (ie the solder must already have cooled down) before the bimetal snap-action disk 30 snaps back into its low-temperature position from its high-temperature position .
- the solder 54 used for the closing lock 51 can in principle also come into contact with another part of the switching mechanism 14 when it is in its second switching position, for example with the bimetal snap disk 30.
- the production of a material connection between the movable contact member 42 and However, the lower part 16 of the housing 12 using the solder 54 has the advantage that the movable contact member 42 is a relatively large and stable component that provides a large contact area for such a cohesive connection.
- the reservoir 52 in which the solder 54 is preferably stored, can be made in various ways. It can be a simple recess or hole in the inner floor surface 56. Likewise, the reservoir 52 can be provided, for example, as a circular bead, which is arranged on the top of the inner floor surface 56 or introduced into it and forms a closed contour within which the solder 54 is stored. In principle, however, it is also possible to insert a separate vessel or a circumferential wall (for example a ring) as a separate component into the housing 12 of the switch 10 and to connect this to the inner base surface 56 in a non-positive, positive or material fit.
- a separate vessel or a circumferential wall for example a ring
- the medium 54 does not necessarily have to be a solder. It can also be another fusible material or an adhesive, which creates an adhesive connection between a part of the switching mechanism 14 and a part of the housing 12 in the second switching position of the switching mechanism 14.
- Fig. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the switch 10 'according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows the closed position of the switch 10 ', in which the rear derailleur is located 14 'is in its first switching position.
- Fig. 4 shows the open position of the switch 10 ', in which the rear derailleur 1' is in its second switching position.
- the second exemplary embodiment shown differs from that in Fig. 1 and 2 shown, first embodiment essentially through the structure of the housing 12 'and through the structure of the switching mechanism 14'.
- the closing lock 51 is also effected here by a meltable medium 54, which is preferably arranged in a reservoir 52 on the inner bottom surface 56 of the lower part 16 'and in the second switching position of the switching mechanism 14' for a cohesive or at least adhesive connection between the contact member 42 'and the lower part 16' and thus prevents the switch 10' from switching back.
- the lower part 16 ' is in the in Fig. 3 and 4 shown, second embodiment again made of electrically conductive material.
- the flat upper part 18' is made here from electrically insulating material. It is held on the lower part 16' by a bent edge 20'.
- a spacer ring 22' is provided between the upper part 18' and the lower part 16', which keeps the upper part 18' at a distance from the lower part 16'.
- the upper part 18' On its inside 58, the upper part 18' has a first stationary contact 48' and a second stationary contact 50'.
- the contacts 48' and 50' are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 18' and terminate externally in the heads 60, 62 which serve for the external connection of the switch 10'.
- the movable contact member 52 here comprises a current transmission member 64, which is designed here as a contact plate, the top of which is coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that it is in the in Fig. 3 shown system on the contacts 48' and 50' ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts 48' and 50'.
- the current transmission member 64 is connected to the spring washer and the bimetal snap washer 30 via a rivet 66, which is also to be viewed as part of the contact member 42 '. This rivet 66 comes into contact with the fusible medium or solder with its underside 55 in the second switching position of the switching mechanism 14 '(see Fig.
- FIG. 3 and 4 A significant advantage of the in Fig. 3 and 4
- the switch structure shown can be seen in that, in contrast to that in Fig. 1 and 2
- no current flows either through the spring washer 28 or through the bimetal snap-action disk 30 when the switch is in the closed state. This only flows from the first external connection 60 via the first stationary contact 48 ', the current transmission member 64 and the second stationary contact 50' to the second external connection 62.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen temperaturabhängigen Schalter, der einen ersten und einen zweiten stationären Kontakt sowie ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk mit einem beweglichen Kontaktglied aufweist. Das Schaltwerk drückt in seiner ersten Schaltstellung das Kontaktglied gegen den ersten Kontakt und stellt dabei über das Kontaktglied eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Kontakten her. In seiner zweiten Schaltstellung hält das Schaltwerk das Kontaktglied zu dem ersten Kontakt beabstandet und unterbricht damit die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Kontakten. Das temperaturabhängige Schaltwerk weist ein temperaturabhängiges Schnappteil auf, das bei Überschreiten einer Schalttemperatur aus seiner geometrischen Tieftemperaturkonfiguration in seine geometrische Hochtemperaturkonfiguration umschnappt und bei einem anschließenden Unterschreiten einer Rückschalttemperatur wieder aus seiner geometrischen Hochtemperaturkonfiguration zurück in seine geometrische Tieftemperaturkonfiguration umschnappt. Ein Umschnappen des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils aus seiner geometrischen Tieftemperaturkonfiguration in seine geometrische Hochtemperaturkonfiguration bringt das Schaltwerk aus seiner ersten Schaltstellung in seine zweite Schaltstellung und öffnet damit den Schalter. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Schalter ist des Weiteren eine Schließsperre vorgesehen, die ein schmelzbares Medium aufweist und ein erneutes Schließen des einmal geöffneten Schalters verhindert, in dem sie das Schaltwerk in dessen zweiter Schaltstellung hält.The present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary contact and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a movable contact member. In its first switching position, the switching mechanism presses the contact member against the first contact and thereby establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts via the contact member. In its second switching position, the switching mechanism keeps the contact member at a distance from the first contact and thus interrupts the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts. The temperature-dependent switching mechanism has a temperature-dependent snap part which, when a switching temperature is exceeded, snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and when a switch-back temperature is subsequently undershot, it snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration back into its geometric low-temperature configuration. Snapping the temperature-dependent snap part from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position and thus opens the switch. In the switch according to the invention, a closing lock is also provided, which has a fusible medium and prevents the switch, once opened, from being closed again by holding the switching mechanism in its second switching position.
Ein temperaturabhängiger Schalter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der
Derartige temperaturabhängige Schalter werden in bekannter Weise dazu verwendet, elektrische Geräte vor Überhitzung zu schützen. Dazu wird der Schalter elektrisch mit dem zu schützenden Gerät und dessen Versorgungsspannung in Reihe geschaltet und mechanisch so an dem Gerät angeordnet, dass er mit diesem in thermischer Verbindung steht.Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating. For this purpose, the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and is mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
Ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk sorgt dafür, dass die beiden stationären Kontakte des Schalters unterhalb der Ansprechtemperatur des Schaltwerks elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind. Somit ist der Stromkreis unterhalb der Ansprechtemperatur geschlossen und der Laststrom des zu schützenden Gerätes kann über den Schalter fließen.A temperature-dependent switching mechanism ensures that the two stationary contacts of the switch are electrically connected to each other below the response temperature of the switching mechanism are connected. The circuit is therefore closed below the response temperature and the load current of the device to be protected can flow via the switch.
Erhöht sich die Temperatur über einen zulässigen Wert hinaus, so hebt das Schaltwerk das bewegliche Kontaktglied von dem Gegenkontakt ab, wodurch der Schalter geöffnet und der Laststrom des zu schützenden Gerätes unterbrochen wird. Das jetzt stromlose Gerät kann dann wieder abkühlen. Dabei kühlt sich auch der thermisch an das Gerät angekoppelte Schalter wieder ab, der daraufhin eigentlich selbsttätig wieder schließen würde.If the temperature increases above a permissible value, the switching mechanism lifts the movable contact member away from the counter contact, which opens the switch and interrupts the load current of the device to be protected. The now de-energized device can then cool down again. The switch that is thermally connected to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.
Bei dem aus der
Dies ist eine Sicherheitsfunktion, die beispielsweise für Elektromotoren gilt, die als Antriebsaggregate eingesetzt werden. Hierdurch sollen insbesondere Beschädigungen am Gerät oder gar Verletzungen der das Gerät benutzenden Person vermieden werden.This is a safety function that applies, for example, to electric motors that are used as drive units. This is intended to avoid damage to the device or even injuries to the person using the device.
Aufgrund ihres Schaltverhaltens werden derartige Schalter, die nach einmaligem Öffnen nicht wieder schließen, auch als Einmalschalter bezeichnet.Due to their switching behavior, switches that do not close again after being opened once are also referred to as one-time switches.
Es versteht sich, dass unter einem "Öffnen" des Schalters die Unterbrechung der elektrisch leitenden Verbindung zwischen den beiden Kontakten des Schalters verstanden wird und nicht ein Öffnen des Schalter-Gehäuses im mechanischen Sinne.It is understood that "opening" the switch means the interruption of the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts of the switch and not an opening of the switch housing in a mechanical sense.
Ein weiterer Schalter dieser Art ist aus der
Kühlen sich der Schalter und damit die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe wieder ab, so springt diese in ihre Niedrigtemperaturstellung zurück. Sie kann sich konstruktionsbedingt mit ihrem Rand aber nicht an einem Gegenlager abstützen, so dass die Federscheibe in der stabilen zweiten Konfiguration verbleibt, in der der Schalter geöffnet ist.If the switch and thus the bimetal snap-action disk cool down again, it returns to its low-temperature position. Due to its design, its edge cannot be supported on a counter bearing, so that the spring washer remains in the stable second configuration in which the switch is open.
Der Schalter bleibt also nach einmaligem Öffnen in seiner geöffneten Stellung, auch wenn er wieder abkühlt. Allerdings haben Versuche in der Firma des Anmelders ergeben, dass sich der aus der
Es ist auch bekannt, derartige temperaturabhängige Schalter mit einem sogenannten Selbsthaltewiderstand zu versehen, der parallel zu den beiden Gegenkontakten geschaltet ist, so dass er einen Teil des Laststroms übernimmt, wenn der Schalter öffnet. In diesem Selbsthaltewiderstand wird dann Ohm'sche Wärme erzeugt, die ausreichend ist, um die Schnappscheibe oberhalb ihrer Ansprechtemperatur zu halten.It is also known to provide such temperature-dependent switches with a so-called self-holding resistor, which is connected in parallel to the two mating contacts so that it takes over part of the load current when the switch opens. Ohmic heat is then generated in this self-holding resistor, which is sufficient to keep the snap-action disk above its response temperature.
Diese sogenannte Selbsthaltung ist jedoch nur solange aktiv, wie das elektrische Gerät noch eingeschaltet ist. Sobald das Gerät von dem Versorgungsstromkreis abgeschaltet wird, fließt auch kein Strom mehr durch den temperaturabhängigen Schalter, so dass die Selbsthaltefunktion entfällt. Nach dem Wiedereinschalten des elektrischen Gerätes würde sich der Schalter daher wieder in geschlossenem Zustand befinden, so dass sich das Gerät wieder aufheizen kann, was zu Folgeschäden führen könnte.However, this so-called latching is only active as long as the electrical device is still switched on. As soon as the device is switched off from the supply circuit, no more current flows through the temperature-dependent switch, so that the self-holding function no longer applies. After switching the electrical device back on, the switch would be in the closed state again, so that the device could heat up again, which could lead to consequential damage.
Diese Problematik wird bei den aus der
Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Schnappscheibe eine bistabile Schnappscheibe, die temperaturabhängig entweder eine Hochtemperaturkonfiguration oder eine Tieftemperaturkonfiguration einnimmt.In contrast, the snap-action disk is a bistable snap-action disk that assumes either a high-temperature configuration or a low-temperature configuration depending on the temperature.
Bei den eingangs erwähnten
In ihrer Tieftemperaturstellung liegt die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe lose an dem Kontaktteil. Erhöht sich die Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe, so springt sie in ihre Hochtemperaturstellung um, in der sie sich mit ihrem Rand innen an dem Oberteil des Gehäuses abdrückt und dabei mit ihrem Zentrum so auf die Feder-Schnappscheibe drückt, dass diese von ihrer ersten in ihre zweite stabile Konfiguration umspringt, wodurch das bewegliche Kontaktteil von dem stationären Kontakt abgehoben und der Schalter geöffnet wird.In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap-action disk lies loosely on the contact part. If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it switches to its high-temperature position, in which its edge presses against the inside of the upper part of the housing and its center presses on the spring-action snap-action disk in such a way that it moves away from its first position switches to its second stable configuration, whereby the movable contact part is lifted off the stationary contact and the switch is opened.
Kühlt sich die Temperatur des Schalters wieder ab, so springt die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe wieder in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung um. Dabei gelangt sie mit ihrem Rand in Anlage mit dem Rand der Feder-Schnappscheibe und mit ihrem Zentrum in Anlage mit dem Oberteil des Gehäuses. Die Stellkraft der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe reicht jedoch nicht aus, um die Feder-Schnappscheibe wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration umspringen zu lassen.If the temperature of the switch cools down again, the bimetal snap-action disk returns to its low-temperature position. Its edge comes into contact with the edge of the spring snap disk and its center comes into contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap-action disk is not sufficient to allow the spring-action snap-action disk to return to its first configuration.
Erst durch starkes Abkühlen des Schalters krümmt sich die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe weiter um, so dass sie schließlich den Rand der Feder-Schnappscheibe so weit auf den inneren Boden des Unterteiles herunterdrücken kann, dass die Feder-Schnappscheibe wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration umspringt und den Schalter wieder schließt.Only when the switch cools down significantly does the bimetal snap-action disk bend further, so that it can finally press the edge of the spring-action disk so far down onto the inner bottom of the lower part that the spring-action disk returns to its first configuration and the switch closes again.
Der aus der
Obwohl dieser Schalter in vielen Anwendungsfällen den entsprechenden Sicherheitsanforderungen genügt, hat sich doch herausgestellt, dass durch das Verspannen der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe zwischen dem Oberteil des Gehäuses und dem Rand der Feder-Schnappscheibe in seltenen Fällen doch ein ungewolltes Rückspringen der Feder-Schnappscheibe erfolgt.Although this switch meets the relevant safety requirements in many applications, it has been found that, in rare cases, the tensioning of the bimetal snap-action disk between the upper part of the housing and the edge of the spring-action disk causes the spring-action disk to spring back unintentionally.
Aus der
Bei diesem Schalter ist die Feder-Schnappscheibe mit ihrem Rand an dem Unterteil des Gehäuses festgelegt, während zwischen der Feder-Schnappscheibe und dem inneren Boden des Unterteils die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe vorgesehen ist.In this switch, the spring snap-action disk is fixed with its edge on the lower part of the housing, while the bimetal snap-action disk is provided between the spring snap-action disk and the inner bottom of the lower part.
Unterhalb der Ansprechtemperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe drückt die Feder-Schnappscheibe den Kontaktteller gegen die beiden stationären Kontakte. Springt die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe in ihre Hochtemperaturstellung um, so drückt sie mit ihrem Rand gegen die Feder-Schnappscheibe und zieht mit ihrem Zentrum die Feder-Schnappscheibe von dem Oberteil weg, so dass der Kontaktteller außer Anlage mit den beiden Gegenkontakten gerät. Damit dies geometrisch möglich ist, sind Kontaktteller, Feder-Schnappscheibe sowie Bimetall-Schnappscheibe durch einen zentrisch verlaufenden Niet unverlierbar miteinander verbunden.Below the response temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk, the spring snap-action disk presses the contact plate against the two stationary contacts. If the bimetal snap disk switches to its high-temperature position, its edge presses against the spring snap disk and its center pulls the spring snap disk away from the upper part, so that the contact plate comes out of contact with the two mating contacts. To make this geometrically possible, contact plates, Spring snap washer and bimetal snap washer are captively connected to each other by a centrally running rivet.
Wenn sich die Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe wieder absenkt, springt diese zwar in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung zurück, die Federscheibe verbleibt jedoch in ihrer eingenommenen Konfiguration, da der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe ein Gegenlager für ihren Rand fehlt, so dass sie das Stromübertragungsglied nicht wieder gegen die beiden stationären Kontakte drücken kann.When the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk drops again, it jumps back to its low-temperature position, but the spring washer remains in its assumed configuration, since the bimetal snap-action disk lacks a counter bearing for its edge, so that it does not force the current transmission member against the two again can press stationary contacts.
Dieser Schalter weist also konstruktionsbedingt eine Selbsthaltefunktion auf. Bei starken mechanischen Erschütterungen kann in seltenen Fällen aber auch hier ein ungewolltes Rückspringen der Feder-Schnappscheibe erfolgen.Due to its design, this switch has a self-holding function. However, in rare cases, strong mechanical shocks can cause the spring snap disk to spring back unintentionally.
Aus der
Wie bei dem aus der
Erhöht sich die Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe, so drückt sie die Federscheibe in ihre zweite Konfiguration, in der diese den Betätigungsbolzen gegen die Kontaktbrücke drückt und diese dabei gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder von den stationären Gegenkontakten abhebt.If the temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk increases, it pushes the spring disk into its second configuration, in which it presses the actuating bolt against the contact bridge and thereby lifts it from the stationary mating contacts against the force of the closing spring.
Auch beim Abkühlen der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe verbleibt die Federscheibe in dieser zweiten Konfiguration und hält den bekannten Schalter gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder geöffnet.Even when the bimetal snap-action disk cools down, the spring disk remains in this second configuration and keeps the known switch open against the force of the closing spring.
Von außen kann jetzt durch einen Knopf Druck auf die Kontaktbrücke ausgeübt werden, so dass dadurch über den Betätigungsbolzen die Federscheibe in ihre erste stabile Konfiguration zurückgedrückt wird.Pressure can now be exerted on the contact bridge from the outside using a button, so that the spring washer is pushed back into its first stable configuration via the actuating bolt.
Neben der sehr aufwändigen Konstruktion weist dieser Schalter zum einen den Nachteil auf, dass im geöffneten Zustand die Federscheibe die Kontaktbrücke gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder von den Gegenkontakten abhebt, so dass die Federscheibe in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration die Kraft der Schließfeder zuverlässig überwinden muss. Weil die Schließfeder im geschlossenen Zustand jedoch für die sichere Anlage der Kontaktbrücke an den Gegenkontakten sorgt, ist hier eine Federscheibe mit sehr hoher Stabilität in der zweiten Konfiguration erforderlich.In addition to the very complex construction, this switch has the disadvantage that in the open state the spring washer lifts the contact bridge from the mating contacts against the force of the closing spring, so that the spring washer in its second configuration must reliably overcome the force of the closing spring. However, because the closing spring ensures that the contact bridge rests securely on the mating contacts when closed, a spring washer with very high stability is required in the second configuration.
Ein weiterer Schalter mit drei Schaltstellungen ist aus der
An dieser Federzunge ist eine Kalotte ausgebildet, die durch eine ebenfalls an der Federzunge befestigte Bimetallplatte in ihre zweite Konfiguration gedrückt wird, in der sie das bewegliche Kontaktteil zu dem stationären Gegenkontakt beabstandet.A dome is formed on this spring tongue, which is pressed into its second configuration by a bimetallic plate also attached to the spring tongue, in which it distances the movable contact part from the stationary mating contact.
Die Kalotte muss bei diesem Schalter gegen die Schließkraft der einseitig eingespannten Federzunge das bewegliche Kontaktteil im Abstand zu dem festen Gegenkontakt halten, so dass die Kalotte in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration eine hohe Stellkraft aufbringen muss.In this switch, the dome must keep the movable contact part at a distance from the fixed mating contact against the closing force of the spring tongue clamped on one side, so that the dome must apply a high actuating force in its second configuration.
Der bekannte Schalter weist damit die oben bereits diskutierten Nachteile auf, dass nämlich hohe Stellkräfte zu überwinden sind, was zu hohen Fertigungskosten und zu einem nicht sicheren Zustand in der Abkühlstellung führt.The known switch therefore has the disadvantages already discussed above, namely that high actuating forces have to be overcome, which leads to high manufacturing costs and an unsafe state in the cooling position.
Der aus der eingangs erwähnten
Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass die aus der
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den eingangs erwähnten Schalter derart weiterzubilden, dass dieser einfacher und damit kostengünstiger zu fertigen ist und dennoch eine sichere Unterbrechung des Stromkreises auch in der Abkühlstellung des Schalters und bei starken Erschütterungen gewährleistet ist.Against this background, the present invention is based on the object of developing the switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that it is simpler and therefore more cost-effective to manufacture and yet a safe interruption of the circuit is guaranteed even in the cooling position of the switch and in the event of strong vibrations.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einem Schalter der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gelöst, dass das schmelzbare Medium dazu eingerichtet ist, zu schmelzen, wenn eine Temperatur des Schalters eine Schmelztemperatur des Mediums, die niedriger als die Schalttemperatur des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils ist, überschreitet, in geschmolzenem Zustand mit einem Teil des Schaltwerks in Kontakt zu treten, wenn dieses sich in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung befindet, und anschließend wieder zu erstarren und dadurch das Schaltwerk in dessen zweiter Schaltstellung zu arretieren, wenn die Temperatur des Schalters die Schmelztemperatur des Mediums wieder unterschreitet.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a switch of the type mentioned at the outset in that the fusible medium is set up to melt when a temperature of the switch exceeds a melting temperature of the medium, which is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part, in a molten state to come into contact with a part of the switching mechanism when it is in its second switching position, and then to solidify again and thereby lock the switching mechanism in its second switching position when the temperature of the switch falls below the melting temperature of the medium again.
Weil die Schließsperre das Schaltwerk ähnlich wie bei dem aus der
Im Gegensatz zu dem aus der
Durch das Erstarren des Mediums wird vorzugsweise eine haftende Verbindung, besonders bevorzugt eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung, zwischen einem Teil des Schaltwerks und einem Teil des Schalter-Gehäuses hergestellt, in dem das Schaltwerk angeordnet ist. Das Schaltwerk haftet somit an einem Teil des Schalter-Gehäuses, sobald das Medium erstarrt. Das Schaltwerk kann dann nicht mehr bewegt werden.By solidifying the medium, an adhesive connection, particularly preferably a cohesive connection, is preferably produced between a part of the switching mechanism and a part of the switch housing in which the switching mechanism is arranged. The rear derailleur therefore adheres to part of the switch housing as soon as the medium solidifies. The rear derailleur can then no longer be moved.
Zwar versucht das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil bei Erreichen bzw. Unterschreiten seiner Rückschalttemperatur wieder in seine geometrische Tieftemperaturkonfiguration umzuschnappen und dabei das bewegliche Kontaktglied wieder gegen den ersten Kontakt zu drücken, um eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Kontakten herzustellen. Dieses erneute Schließen des wird jedoch durch die haftende bzw. stoffschlüssige Verbindung, die durch das erstarrte Medium zwischen einem Teil des Schaltwerks und einem Teil des Schalter-Gehäuses bewirkt wird, verhindert.The temperature-dependent snap part tries to snap back into its geometric low-temperature configuration when it reaches or falls below its switch-back temperature and thereby presses the movable contact member again against the first contact in order to establish an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts. However, this renewed closing of the switch is prevented by the adhesive or cohesive connection, which is caused by the solidified medium between part of the switching mechanism and part of the switch housing.
Die auf diese Weise erzeugte Schließsperre lässt sich fertigungstechnisch sehr einfach herstellen. Ausgehend von den bereits bekannten temperaturabhängigen Schaltern dieser Art muss lediglich an geeigneter Stelle ein schmelzbares Medium angeordnet werden, das mit einem Teil des Schaltwerks in Kontakt tritt, wenn dieses sich in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung befindet. Das schmelzbare Medium sollte dazu geeignet ist, durch sein Erstarren eine haftende Verbindung zwischen diesem Teil des Schaltwerks und einem Teil des Schalter-Gehäuses herzustellen.The closing lock created in this way can be manufactured very easily in terms of production technology. Based on the already known temperature-dependent switches of this type, a fusible medium only needs to be arranged at a suitable location, which comes into contact with a part of the switching mechanism when it is in its second switching position. The fusible medium should be able to solidify to create an adhesive connection between this part of the switching mechanism and a part of the switch housing.
Die Materialkosten für dieses zusätzlich bereitzustellende, schmelzbare Medium sowie die Fertigungskosten für die Anordnung dieses schmelzbaren Mediums im Inneren des Schalters sind denkbar gering.The material costs for this additional fusible medium to be provided as well as the manufacturing costs for arranging this fusible medium inside the switch are extremely low.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe ist somit vollkommen gelöst.The above-mentioned task is therefore completely solved.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das schmelzbare Medium dazu eingerichtet, in geschmolzenem Zustand mit dem beweglichen Kontaktglied des Schaltwerks in Kontakt zu treten, wenn sich das Schaltwerk in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung befindet. Besonders bevorzugt ist das schmelzbare Medium dazu eingerichtet, zwischen dem beweglichen Kontaktglied des Schaltwerks und einem Teil des Gehäuses eine haftende oder stoffschlüssige Verbindung herzustellen, sobald die Temperatur des Schalters nach einem Überschreiten der Schmelztemperatur des Mediums diese wieder unterschreitet und das Medium erstarrt.According to a preferred embodiment, the meltable medium is designed to come into contact with the movable contact member of the switching mechanism in the molten state when the switching mechanism is in its second switching position. Particularly preferably, the fusible medium is designed to produce an adhesive or cohesive connection between the movable contact member of the switching mechanism and a part of the housing as soon as the temperature of the switch falls below the melting temperature of the medium again after the melting temperature of the medium has been exceeded and the medium solidifies.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das bewegliche Kontaktglied meist als massives Bauteil ausgestaltet ist, so dass dieses sich sehr gut dafür eignet, um mittels des zunächst geschmolzenen und dann erstarrten Mediums mit einem Teil des Gehäuses verbunden zu werden. Da das bewegliche Kontaktglied insbesondere an seiner Unterseite meist eine sehr große Angriffsfläche für eine solche haftende bzw. stoffschlüssige Verbindung mit dem Gehäuse bietet, lässt sich durch die haftende bzw. stoffschlüssige Verbindung eine mechanisch sehr stabile Schließsperre erzeugen.This has the advantage that the movable contact member is usually designed as a solid component, so that it is very suitable for being connected to a part of the housing by means of the initially melted and then solidified medium. Since the movable contact member usually offers a very large contact surface for such an adhesive or cohesive connection to the housing, particularly on its underside, a mechanically very stable closing lock can be created by the adhesive or cohesive connection.
Beispielsweise kann es vorgesehen sein, dass das schmelzbare Medium in einem Reservoir aufbewahrt ist, das in dem Gehäuse angeordnet ist.For example, it can be provided that the meltable medium is stored in a reservoir that is arranged in the housing.
Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass das schmelzbare Medium in einem Reservoir aufbewahrt ist, mit dem das bewegliche Kontaktglied in Kontakt tritt, wenn das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil aus seiner geometrischen Tieftemperaturkonfiguration in seine geometrische Hochtemperaturkonfiguration umschnappt und das Schaltwerk aus seiner ersten Schaltstellung in seine zweite Schaltstellung bringt.It can also be provided that the fusible medium is stored in a reservoir with which the movable contact member comes into contact when the temperature-dependent snap part snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position to its second switching position .
Ein solches Reservoir kann beispielsweise durch eine Aussparung, eine im Wesentlichen topfförmige Aufnahme oder ein einfaches Behältnis, das im Inneren des Schalters angeordnet ist, realisiert sein.Such a reservoir can be realized, for example, by a recess, a substantially cup-shaped receptacle or a simple container that is arranged inside the switch.
Die Aufbewahrung des schmelzbaren Mediums innerhalb eines solchen Reservoirs hat den Vorteil, dass sich das Medium nach dessen Schmelzen nicht innerhalb des Schalters verteilt und andere Bauteile des Schalters dadurch beeinträchtigen könnte. Des Weiteren hat ein solches Reservoir den Vorteil, dass sich die Position des schmelzbaren Mediums auf exakte Weise relativ zu dem Schaltwerk ausrichten lässt, so dass garantiert werden kann, dass das bewegliche Kontaktglied in der zweiten Schaltstellung des Schaltwerks mit dem Reservoir bzw. dem darin befindlichen schmelzbaren Medium in Kontakt tritt.Storing the meltable medium within such a reservoir has the advantage that the medium does not spread within the switch after it melts and could thereby affect other components of the switch. Furthermore, such a reservoir has the advantage that the position of the fusible medium can be aligned in an exact manner relative to the switching mechanism, so that it can be guaranteed that the movable contact member in the second switching position of the switching mechanism with the reservoir or that located therein fusible medium comes into contact.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Gehäuse ein von einem Oberteil verschlossenes Unterteil aufweist, wobei an einer Innenseite des Oberteils der erste stationäre Kontakt oder jeder der beiden stationären Kontakte angeordnet ist, und wobei das Reservoir in dem Unterteil derart angeordnet ist, dass das bewegliche Kontaktglied mit seiner von dem Oberteil abgewandten Unterseite mit dem Medium in Kontakt tritt, wenn das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil aus seiner geometrischen Tieftemperaturkonfiguration in seine geometrische Hochtemperaturkonfiguration schnappt und das Schaltwerk aus seiner ersten Schaltstellung in seine zweite Schaltstellung bringt. Das Reservoir ist hierzu besonders bevorzugt auf einer Innenbodenfläche des Unterteils unterhalb des beweglichen Kontaktglieds angeordnet.In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the first stationary contact or each of the two stationary contacts being arranged on an inside of the upper part, and the reservoir being arranged in the lower part in such a way that that the movable contact member comes into contact with the medium with its underside facing away from the upper part when the temperature-dependent snap part snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and brings the switching mechanism from its first switching position into its second switching position. For this purpose, the reservoir is particularly preferably arranged on an inner floor surface of the lower part below the movable contact member.
Dies hat den Vorteil einer platzsparenden Unterbringung des Reservoirs und des darin aufbewahrten schmelzbaren Mediums, da bei konventionellen Schaltern dieser Art im Unterteil hierfür ohnehin genügend Platz ist. Bei den meisten bisher bekannten Schaltern wird das bewegliche Kontaktglied ohnehin bei Erreichen der Schalttemperatur des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils in Richtung auf die Innenbodenfläche des Unterteils zu bewegt. Das bewegliche Kontaktteil gelangt in der zweiten Schaltstellung des Schaltwerks somit automatisch mit dem geschmolzenen Medium in Kontakt und bleibt nach Erstarren des Mediums an dem Unterteil des Gehäuses haften.This has the advantage of a space-saving accommodation of the reservoir and the fusible medium stored therein, since in conventional switches of this type there is already enough space for this in the lower part. In most previously known switches, the movable contact member is moved towards the inner bottom surface of the lower part when the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part is reached. The movable contact part thus automatically comes into contact with the molten medium in the second switching position of the switching mechanism and remains attached to the lower part of the housing after the medium has solidified.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung ist das Reservoir direkt in die Innenbodenfläche des Unterteils integriert. Beispielsweise kann in die Innenbodenfläche eine geschlossene Kontur eingebracht sein, die als Aufnahmebecken für das schmelzbare Medium dient. Ebenso kann das Reservoir durch eine von der Innenbodenfläche abstehende Sicke gebildet sein, die eine geschlossene, beispielsweise kreisrunde Kontur bildet, die das schmelzbare Medium umgibt.According to one embodiment, the reservoir is integrated directly into the inner bottom surface of the lower part. For example, a closed contour can be introduced into the inner floor surface, which serves as a receptacle for the meltable medium. The reservoir can also have a bead protruding from the inner floor surface be formed, which forms a closed, for example circular contour that surrounds the fusible medium.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist das Reservoir ein Behältnis auf, das kraft-, form- und/oder stoffschlüssig mit dem Unterteil verbunden ist.According to a further embodiment, the reservoir has a container which is connected to the lower part in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or material-locking manner.
Das Behältnis kann beispielsweise eine Art Inlay sein, das in das Unterteil des Gehäuses eingesetzt ist und mit der Innenbodenfläche verschweißt, verlötet oder verklebt ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich dazu kann das Behältnis mit der Innenbodenfläche des Unterteils verbördelt oder an dieser klemmend befestigt sein.The container can, for example, be a type of inlay that is inserted into the lower part of the housing and is welded, soldered or glued to the inner base surface. Alternatively or additionally, the container can be flanged to the inner bottom surface of the lower part or fastened to it in a clamping manner.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem schmelzbaren Medium um ein Lot. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem schmelzbaren Medium um ein Weichlot. Grundsätzlich kann jedoch ein Hartlot verwendet werden.Preferably the fusible medium is a solder. The fusible medium is particularly preferably a soft solder. In principle, however, a hard solder can be used.
Die Verwendung eines Lots hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass hierdurch eine mechanisch extrem stabile, stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Teil des Schaltwerks und dem Teil des Gehäuses entsteht, die durch das Lot miteinander verbunden werden.The use of a solder has the particular advantage that this creates a mechanically extremely stable, cohesive connection between the part of the switching mechanism and the part of the housing, which are connected to one another by the solder.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung ist die Schmelztemperatur des Mediums bzw. Lots höher als die Rückschalttemperatur des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils.According to one embodiment, the melting temperature of the medium or solder is higher than the switch-back temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die als Schließsperre wirkende stoffschlüssige Verbindung, die das Schaltwerk in dessen zweiter Schaltstellung arretiert, bereits erkaltet und damit erstarrt ist, bevor das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil bei Erreichen seiner Rückschalttemperatur das Kontaktglied wieder versucht auf den ersten stationären Kontakt zu zu bewegen und den Schalter damit zu schließen.This has the advantage that the cohesive connection acting as a closing lock, which locks the switching mechanism in its second switching position, has already cooled down and thus solidified before the temperature-dependent snap part tries to move the contact member again towards the first stationary contact when its switch-back temperature is reached to close the switch.
Bei Erreichen der Rückschalttemperatur verhindert somit die durch das erstarrte Medium hergestellte stoffschlüssige Verbindung, die das Schaltwerk in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung hält, ein Umschnappen des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils von seiner Hochtemperaturkonfiguration zurück in seine Tieftemperaturkonfiguration.When the switch-back temperature is reached, the cohesive connection created by the solidified medium, which holds the switching mechanism in its second switching position, prevents the temperature-dependent snap part from snapping back from its high-temperature configuration to its low-temperature configuration.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Schmelztemperatur des schmelzbaren Mediums bzw. Lots niedriger als die Schalttemperatur des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils ist.According to the invention, the melting temperature of the fusible medium or solder is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Medium bzw. Lot bereits geschmolzen ist, wenn das Schaltwerk bei Erreichen der Schalttemperatur durch das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil aus seiner ersten Schaltstellung in seine zweite Schaltstellung gebracht wird und mit dem schmelzbaren Medium bzw. Lot in Kontakt tritt. Da der Schalter dann geöffnet ist, sinkt die Temperatur des Schalters und damit auch die Temperatur des schmelzbaren Mediums bzw. Lots, so dass dieses wieder erstarren kann und die oben genannte stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Schaltwerk und Schalter-Gehäuse herstellen kann.This has the advantage that the medium or solder has already melted when the switching mechanism is brought from its first switching position into its second switching position by the temperature-dependent snap part when the switching temperature is reached and comes into contact with the meltable medium or solder. Since the switch is then opened, the temperature of the switch and thus also the temperature of the fusible medium or solder decreases, so that it can solidify again and create the above-mentioned cohesive connection between the switching mechanism and the switch housing.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Schaltwerk ein temperaturunabhängiges Federteil aufweist, das mit dem beweglichen Kontaktglied verbunden ist, wobei das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil bei Überschreiten der Schalttemperatur auf das Federteil einwirkt und dadurch das bewegliche Kontaktglied von dem ersten Kontakt abhebt. Hierbei ist es insbesondere bevorzugt, dass das Federteil ein bistabiles Federteil mit zwei temperaturunabhängigen, stabilen geometrischen Konfigurationen ist.According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the switching mechanism has a temperature-independent spring part which is connected to the movable contact member, the temperature-dependent snap part when the switching temperature is exceeded acts on the spring part and thereby lifts the movable contact member from the first contact. It is particularly preferred that the spring part is a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations.
Sofern das Federteil als bistabile Federscheibe ausgestaltet ist, ist es bevorzugt, dass die Federscheibe in ihrer ersten stabilen Konfiguration das bewegliche Kontaktglied gegen den ersten Kontakt drückt und in ihrer zweiten stabilen Konfiguration das bewegliche Kontaktglied zu dem ersten Kontakt beabstandet hält. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Federscheibe im geschlossenen Zustand des Schalters (in der ersten Schaltstellung des Schaltwerks) die Schließkraft und damit den Kontaktdruck zwischen dem beweglichen Kontaktglied und dem ersten Kontakt bewirkt. Dadurch wird das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil mechanisch entlastet, was dessen Lebensdauer und die Langzeitstabilität seiner Ansprechtemperatur (Schalttemperatur) positiv beeinflusst.If the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer, it is preferred that the spring washer presses the movable contact member against the first contact in its first stable configuration and keeps the movable contact member at a distance from the first contact in its second stable configuration. This has the advantage that the spring washer causes the closing force and thus the contact pressure between the movable contact member and the first contact when the switch is in the closed state (in the first switching position of the switching mechanism). This mechanically relieves the temperature-dependent snap part, which positively influences its service life and the long-term stability of its response temperature (switching temperature).
Wenn das Federteil als bistabile Federscheibe mit zwei temperaturunabhängig stabilen geometrischen Konfigurationen ausgestaltet ist, hat dies den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass die bistabile Federscheibe den Schalter nach dem Öffnen in seinem geöffneten Zustand hält. Selbst wenn das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil dann nach Abkühlen des Schalters auf die Rückschalttemperatur wieder in seine Tieftemperaturkonfiguration zurückschnappen will, hält die Federscheibe zusätzlich zu der oben beschriebenen Schließsperre den Schalter in seiner geöffneten Stellung.If the spring part is designed as a bistable spring washer with two temperature-independently stable geometric configurations, this has the additional advantage that the bistable spring washer holds the switch in its open state after opening. Even if the temperature-dependent snap part then wants to snap back into its low-temperature configuration after the switch has cooled down to the switch-back temperature, the spring washer holds the switch in its open position in addition to the closing lock described above.
In einem solchen Fall ist es sogar möglich, dass die Schmelztemperatur des Mediums bzw. Lots niedriger als die Rückschalttemperatur des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils ist. Kühlt der bereits geöffnete Schalter (Schaltwerk in zweiter Schaltstellung) auf die Rückschalttemperatur ab, so ist dann zwar die Schließsperre noch nicht aktiviert, da das Medium bzw. Lot dann noch nicht erstarrt ist. Das bistabile Federteil hält den Schalter jedoch dennoch in seiner geöffneten Stellung. Kühlt der Schalter dann noch weiter ab bis auf die Schmelztemperatur des Mediums bzw. Lots, so wird die Schließsperre letztendlich auch dann aktiviert.In such a case, it is even possible that the melting temperature of the medium or solder is lower than the switch-back temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part. If the switch that is already open (switching mechanism in the second switching position) cools down to the switch-back temperature, the closing lock is not yet activated because the medium or solder has not yet solidified. However, the bistable spring part still holds the switch in its open position. If the switch then cools further down to the melting temperature of the medium or solder, the closing lock is ultimately activated.
In letztgenanntem Fall ist es bevorzugt, dass das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil an dem beweglichen Kontaktglied festgelegt ist, in seiner geometrischen Tieftemperaturkonfiguration ansonsten jedoch frei im Inneren des Gehäuses aufgehängt ist, ohne sich an dem Gehäuse oder einem sonstigen Teil des Schalters abzustützen.In the latter case, it is preferred that the temperature-dependent snap part is fixed to the movable contact member, but in its geometric low-temperature configuration is otherwise freely suspended inside the housing without being supported on the housing or another part of the switch.
Da sich das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil in seiner Tieftemperaturkonfiguration nicht an dem Gehäuse oder an einem sonstigen Teil des Schalters abstützen kann, kann das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil dann keine Schließkraft erzeugen, die das bewegliche Kontaktglied gegen den ersten Kontakt drückt. Die Schließkraft wird durch das temperaturunabhängige Federteil erzeugt. Bei einer Erhöhung der Temperatur des Schalters und damit auch der Temperatur des temperaturabhängigen Schnappteils über seine Schalttemperatur hinaus schnappt das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil in seine Hochtemperaturkonfiguration um, in der es sich hingegen an dem temperaturunabhängigen Federteil oder einem sonstigen Teil des Schalters abstützen kann und somit den Schalter öffnen kann. Schnappt das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil nahe dem Abkühlen des Schalters unter die Rückschalttemperatur wieder in seine Tieftemperaturkonfiguration zurück, so schnappt das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil quasi "ins Leere", so dass der Schalter hierdurch nicht wieder geschlossen wird. Das bistabile Federteil hält dann den Schalter in seiner geöffneten Stellung. Zusätzlich wirkt die Schließsperre, sobald das Medium bzw. Lot bei Erreichen von dessen Schmelztemperatur erstarrt ist.Since the temperature-dependent snap part cannot be supported on the housing or on another part of the switch in its low-temperature configuration, the temperature-dependent snap part cannot then generate a closing force that presses the movable contact member against the first contact. The closing force is generated by the temperature-independent spring part. When the temperature of the switch and thus also the temperature of the temperature-dependent snap part increases above its switching temperature, the temperature-dependent snap part snaps into its high-temperature configuration, in which it can, however, be supported on the temperature-independent spring part or another part of the switch and thus open the switch can. If the temperature-dependent snap part snaps back into its low-temperature configuration close to the switch cooling below the switch-back temperature, the temperature-dependent snap part essentially snaps "into the void", so that the switch is not closed again. The bistable spring part then holds the switch in its open position. In addition, the closing lock takes effect as soon as the medium or solder has solidified when its melting temperature is reached.
Das temperaturabhängige Schnappteil ist vorzugsweise als bistabile Bi- oder Trimetall-Schnappscheibe ausgestaltet.The temperature-dependent snap part is preferably designed as a bistable bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist es bevorzugt, dass das bewegliche Kontaktglied ein mit dem ersten Kontakt zusammenwirkendes bewegliches Kontaktteil umfasst, und dass das Federteil mit dem zweiten Kontakt zusammenwirkt, wobei ferner bevorzugt ist, dass das Federteil zumindest in seiner ersten geometrischen Konfiguration über seinen Rand elektrisch mit dem zweiten Kontakt in Verbindung steht.According to a further embodiment, it is preferred that the movable contact member comprises a movable contact part that cooperates with the first contact, and that the spring part cooperates with the second contact, it being further preferred that the spring part is electrically connected over its edge at least in its first geometric configuration is connected to the second contact.
Diese Konfiguration ist prinzipiell aus der
In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung umfasst das bewegliche Kontaktglied ein mit beiden Kontakten zusammenwirkendes Stromübertragungsglied.In an alternative embodiment, the movable contact member includes a current transmission member that interacts with both contacts.
Hier ist von Vorteil, dass der Schalter erheblich höhere Ströme führen kann als der aus der
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Schnittansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters in seiner Tieftemperaturstellung;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Schnittansicht des in
Fig. 1 gezeigten ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters in seiner Hochtemperaturstellung; - Fig. 3
- eine schematische Schnittansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters in seiner Tieftemperaturstellung; und
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Schnittansicht des in
Fig. 3 gezeigten zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Schalters in seiner Hochtemperaturstellung.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the switch according to the invention in its low-temperature position;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic sectional view of the in
Fig. 1 shown first embodiment of the switch according to the invention in its high-temperature position; - Fig. 3
- a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of the switch according to the invention in its low-temperature position; and
- Fig. 4
- a schematic sectional view of the in
Fig. 3 shown second embodiment of the switch according to the invention in its high temperature position.
In
Der Schalter 10 weist ein Gehäuse 12 auf, in dem ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk 14 angeordnet ist. Das Gehäuse 12 umfasst ein topfartiges Unterteil 16 sowie ein Oberteil 18, das durch einen umgebogenen oder umgebördelten Rand 20 an dem Unterteil 16 gehalten wird.The
In dem in
Die Isolierfolie 24 sorgt für eine elektrische Isolation des Oberteils 18 gegenüber dem Unterteil 16. Ebenso sorgt die Isolierfolie 24 für eine mechanische Abdichtung, die verhindert, dass Flüssigkeiten oder Verunreinigungen von außen in das Gehäuseinnere eintreten.The insulating
Da das Unterteil 16 und das Oberteil 18 in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils aus elektrisch leitendem Material gefertigt sind, kann über ihre Außenflächen thermischer Kontakt zu einem zu schützenden elektrischen Gerät hergestellt werden. Die Außenflächen dienen gleichzeitig auch dem elektrischen Außenanschluss des Schalters 10.Since the
Außen an dem Oberteil 18 kann, wie in
Das Schaltwerk 14 weist ein temperaturunabhängiges Federteil 28 sowie ein temperaturabhängiges Schnappscheibe 30 auf. Das Federteil 28 ist vorzugsweise als eine bistabile Federscheibe ausgestaltet. Diese Federscheibe 28 weist demnach zwei temperaturunabhängig stabile geometrische Konfigurationen auf. In
Die Federscheibe 28 liegt mit ihrem Rand 32 auf einer im Unterteil 16 ausgebildeten, umlaufenden Schulter 34 auf, und ist zwischen dieser Schulter 34 und dem Distanzring 22 eingeklemmt. Die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 ist in ihrer in
Mit ihrem Zentrum 40 ist die Federscheibe 28 an einem beweglichen Kontaktglied 42 des Schaltwerks 14 festgelegt. Die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 ist mit ihrem Zentrum 44 ebenfalls an dem beweglichen Kontaktglied 42 festgelegt. In dem in
An seiner Oberseite weist das bewegliche Kontaktglied 42 ein bewegliches Kontaktteil 38 auf. Das bewegliche Kontaktteil 38 arbeitet mit einem festen Gegenkontakt 48 zusammen, der innen an dem Oberteil 18 angeordnet ist. Dieser Gegenkontakt 48 wird vorliegend auch als erster stationärer Kontakt bezeichnet. Als zweiter stationärer Kontakt 50 dient die Außenseite des Unterteils 16.The
In der in
Erhöht sich nun die Temperatur des zu schützenden Gerätes und damit die Temperatur des Schalters 10 sowie der darin angeordneten Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 auf die Schalttemperatur der Schnappscheibe 30 oder über diese Schalttemperatur hinaus, so schnappt diese von ihrer in
Wenn sich das zu schützende Gerät und damit der Schalter 10 samt Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 dann wieder abkühlen, so schnappt die Federscheibe 30 bei Erreichen der Rückschalttemperatur wieder in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung um, wie sie beispielsweise in
Dies muss jedoch nicht zwangsläufig so sein, da der Innenboden des Unterteils 16 auch seitlich etwas hochgezogen sein kann, wie dies in
Unabhängig davon, ob sich die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 in ihrer Tieftemperaturstellung an einem Teil des Schalters 10 abstützen kann oder nicht, wird der beschriebene Rückschaltvorgang bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Schalter 10 ohnehin durch eine Schließsperre 51 verhindert. Diese Schließsperre 51 wird durch ein schmelzbares Medium 54 bewirkt, das auf der Innenbodenfläche 56 des Unterteils 16 angeordnet ist. Bei diesem schmelzbaren Medium handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Lot, besonders bevorzugt um ein Weichlot. Dieses Lot 54 ist vorzugsweise in einem Reservoir oder Behältnis aufbewahrt, das auf der Innenbodenfläche 56 angeordnet ist und/oder in diese integriert ist.Regardless of whether the
Das schmelzbare Medium bzw. Lot 54 schmilzt, sobald die Temperatur des Schalters 10 eine Schmelztemperatur des Mediums bzw. Lots 54 erreicht bzw. überschreitet. Tritt das Lot 54 in diesem geschmolzenen Zustand dann mit einem Teil des Schaltwerks 14 in Kontakt und erstarrt danach wieder, wenn sich der Schalter 10 und damit das Lot 54 wieder auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Lots 54 abkühlen, so sorgt das dann erstarrte Lot für eine stoffschlüssige oder zumindest haftende Verbindung zwischen dem Teil des Schaltwerks 14, mit dem es in geschmolzenem Zustand in Kontakt tritt, und dem Unterteil 16 des Schalters 10.The fusible medium or
In dem vorliegend gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel tritt das bewegliche Kontaktglied 42 mit dem Lot 54 in Kontakt, sobald der Schalter 10 bei Erreichen der Schalttemperatur geöffnet wird und das Schaltwerk 14 mithilfe der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 in seine zweite Schaltstellung gebracht wird, wie sie in
Auch bei einem Abkühlen des Schalters 10 auf die Rückschalttemperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30 versucht diese zwar wieder zurück in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung zu schnappen, was jedoch dann durch die Schließsperre 51, die das bewegliche Kontaktglied 42 in seiner in
Das für die Schließsperre 51 verwendete Lot 54 kann grundsätzlich auch mit einem anderen Teil des Schaltwerks 14 in Kontakt treten, wenn dieses sich in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung befindet, beispielsweise mit der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe 30. Die Herstellung einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem beweglichen Kontaktglied 42 und dem Unterteil 16 des Gehäuses 12 mithilfe des Lots 54 hat jedoch den Vorteil, dass es sich bei dem beweglichen Kontaktglied 42 um ein relativ großes und stabiles Bauteil handelt, das eine große Kontaktfläche für eine derartige stoffschlüssige Verbindung liefert. Zudem ist auf der Innenbodenfläche 56 des Unterteils 16 ohnehin genügend Platz zur Anbringung eines solchen Reservoirs 52 vorgesehen.The
Das Reservoir 52, in dem das Lot 54 vorzugsweise aufbewahrt wird, kann auf verschiedene Art und Weise hergestellt sein. Es kann sich um eine einfache Aussparung oder Loch in der Innenbodenfläche 56 handeln. Ebenso kann das Reservoir 52 beispielsweise als eine kreisförmige Sicke vorgesehen sein, die an der Oberseite der Innenbodenfläche 56 angeordnet bzw. in diese eingebracht ist und eine geschlossene Kontur bildet, innerhalb derer das Lot 54 aufbewahrt wird. Grundsätzlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, ein separates Gefäß oder eine umlaufende Wandung (beispielsweise einen Ring) als separates Bauteil in das Gehäuse 12 des Schalters 10 einzusetzen und dieses mit der Innenbodenfläche 56 kraft-, form- oder stoffschlüssig zu verbinden.The
Bei dem Medium 54 muss es sich auch nicht zwangsweise um ein Lot handeln. Es kann sich auch um ein anderes schmelzbares Material oder um einen Klebstoff handeln, der in der zweiten Schaltstellung des Schaltwerks 14 eine haftende Verbindung zwischen einem Teil des Schaltwerks 14 und einem Teil des Gehäuses 12 herstellt.The medium 54 does not necessarily have to be a solder. It can also be another fusible material or an adhesive, which creates an adhesive connection between a part of the
Das in
Das Unterteil 16' ist in dem in
Zwischen dem Oberteil 18' und dem Unterteil 16' ist auch hier ein Distanzring 22' vorgesehen, der das Oberteil 18' gegenüber dem Unterteil 16' beabstandet hält. Auf seiner Innenseite 58 weist das Oberteil 18' einen ersten stationären Kontakt 48' sowie einen zweiten stationären Kontakt 50' auf. Die Kontakte 48' und 50' sind als Nieten ausgebildet, die sich durch das Oberteil 18' hindurch erstrecken und außen in den Köpfen 60, 62 enden, die dem Außenanschluss des Schalters 10' dienen.Here, too, a spacer ring 22' is provided between the upper part 18' and the lower part 16', which keeps the upper part 18' at a distance from the lower part 16'. On its inside 58, the upper part 18' has a first stationary contact 48' and a second stationary contact 50'. The contacts 48' and 50' are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 18' and terminate externally in the
Das bewegliche Kontaktglied 52' umfasst hier ein Stromübertragungsglied 64, das hier als Kontaktteller ausgestaltet ist, dessen Oberseite elektrisch leitend beschichtet ist, so dass er bei der in
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des in
Claims (14)
- A temperature-dependent switch (10), which comprises a first and a second stationary contact (48, 50) and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism (14) having a movable contact member (42), wherein the switching mechanism (14), in its first switching position, presses the contact member (42) against the first contact (48) and thereby produces an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts (48, 50) via the contact member (42) and, in its second switching position, keeps the contact member (42) spaced apart from the first contact (48) and thereby disconnects the electrically conductive connection between the two contacts (48, 50), wherein the temperature-dependent switching mechanism (14) comprises a temperature-dependent snap-action part (30), which switches from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration when exceeding a switching temperature, and switches back from its geometric high-temperature configuration to its geometric low-temperature configuration when subsequently falling below a reset temperature, wherein switching the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30) from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration moves the switching mechanism (14) from its first switching position to its second switching position and thereby opens the switch (10), and wherein a closing lock (51) is provided that comprises a fusible medium (54) and prevents the switch (10), once having opened, from closing again by keeping the switching mechanism (14) in its second switching position,
characterized in that the fusible medium (54) is configured to melt when a temperature of the switch (10) exceeds a melting temperature of the medium (54), which is lower than the switching temperature of the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30), to contact, in a molten state, a part of the switching mechanism (14) when the switching mechanism is in its second switching position, and to subsequently solidify again and thereby lock the switching mechanism (14) in its second switching position when the temperature of the switch (10) falls below the melting temperature of the medium (54) again. - The temperature-dependent switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch (10) comprises a housing (12), and in that the fusible medium (54) is configured to produce between the part of the switching mechanism (14) and a part of the housing (12) an adhesive or firmly bonded connection, which locks the switching mechanism (14) in its second switching position when the temperature of the switch (10) falls below the melting temperature of the medium (54) again after the melting temperature of the medium (54) has been exceeded.
- The temperature-dependent switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the fusible medium (54) is stored in a reservoir (52) that is arranged in the housing (12).
- The temperature-dependent switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fusible medium (54) is configured to contact, in the molten state, the movable contact member (42) when the switching mechanism (14) is in its second switching position.
- The temperature-dependent switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the housing (12) comprises a lower part (16) that is closed by an upper part (18), wherein the first stationary contact (48) or each of the two stationary contacts (48', 50') is arranged on an inner side of the upper part (18), and wherein the reservoir (52) is arranged in the lower part (16) in such a way that the movable contact member (42) contacts the medium (54) with its underside (55) facing away from the upper part (18), when the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30) switches from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration and moves the switching mechanism (14) from its first switching position to its second switching position.
- The temperature-dependent switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the reservoir (52) is arranged on an inner bottom surface (56) of the lower part (16) below the movable contact member (42).
- The temperature-dependent switch according to claim 6, characterized in that the reservoir (52) comprises a container that is connected to the lower part (16) by means of a non-positive, positive and/or firmly bonded connection.
- The temperature-dependent switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fusible medium (54) is a solder.
- The temperature-dependent switch according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the melting temperature of the medium (54) is higher than the reset temperature of the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30).
- The temperature-dependent switch according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the switching mechanism (14) comprises a temperature-independent spring part (28) which is connected to the movable contact member (42), wherein the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30) acts on the spring part (28) when the switching temperature is exceeded and thereby lifts off the movable contact member (42) from the first contact (48).
- The temperature-dependent switch according to one of claims 2, 3, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30) is fixed to the movable contact member (42), but is apart from that in its geometric low-temperature configuration freely suspended inside the housing (12) without being supported by the housing (12) or any other part of the switch (10).
- The temperature-dependent switch according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the temperature-dependent snap-action part (30) is a bimetal or trimetal snap-action disc.
- The temperature-dependent switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the movable contact member (42) comprises a movable contact part (38) interacting with the first contact (48), and that the spring part (28) interacts with the second contact (50).
- The temperature-dependent switch according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the movable contact member (42') comprises a current transfer member (64) that interacts with both contacts (48', 50').
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019125452.3A DE102019125452B4 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | Temperature dependent switch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3796358A1 EP3796358A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
EP3796358B1 true EP3796358B1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20196416.0A Active EP3796358B1 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2020-09-16 | Temperature-dependent switch |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11264194B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3796358B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN112542350B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102019125452B4 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3796358T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019128367B4 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2021-06-10 | Marcel P. HOFSAESS | TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT SWITCH |
DE102023104836B3 (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-05-16 | Marcel P. HOFSAESS | Temperature-dependent switching mechanism and temperature-dependent switch |
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2019
- 2019-09-20 DE DE102019125452.3A patent/DE102019125452B4/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-10 CN CN202010950464.4A patent/CN112542350B/en active Active
- 2020-09-16 EP EP20196416.0A patent/EP3796358B1/en active Active
- 2020-09-16 DK DK20196416.0T patent/DK3796358T3/en active
- 2020-09-17 US US17/024,237 patent/US11264194B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN112542350B (en) | 2023-12-26 |
DE102019125452A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
EP3796358A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
DK3796358T3 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
US11264194B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
US20210090833A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
CN112542350A (en) | 2021-03-23 |
DE102019125452B4 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
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